Unit4 Space Exploration
短语
1.mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally adv.心理上地；精神上地→physical adj.身体的；物理的
→physically adv. 身体上
2.universe n.宇宙→ universal adj.普遍的;全世
3.intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的→intelligently adv.聪明地；明智地→intelligence n.智力；才智
4.curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的；稀奇的；不寻常的→curiosity n.好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地
5.relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n.关系；亲属→relationship n.（人际）关系
6.determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.决定；确定→determination n.决定；决心
7.transmit vt.&vi. (transmitted, transmitted)传输→transmission n.传播→transmitter n.发射台；传播者
8.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望；沮丧
→disappiont v. 使失望
9.desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.令人向往的；值得拥有的
10.lack v.& n.缺少→lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的
11.argue vi.& vt.论证；争辩；争论→argument n.论证；论据；争吵
12.attach vt.附上；系上；认为有重要性→attachment n.附件；喜爱；连接→attached adj.喜爱的；附属的
13.agency n.专门机构；代理处→agent n.代理人，代理商；经纪人
14.independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地→dependent adj.依赖的；→dependently adv.
依赖地→independence n.独立；自主 →dependence n.依赖；依靠→depend v.依赖；依靠
15.recycle vt.回收利用→recycling n.回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收的
16.current adj.当前的；现在的 ; 流行的 n.水流；电流；流行 →currently adv.目前；当前→currency n.货
币
17.sufficient adj.足够的；充足的→sufficiency n.充足→insufficient adj.不足的;不充分的;不够重要的
18.globe n.地球；地球仪→global adj. 全球的
19.analysis n.分析 复数：analyses→analyse v.分析
20.regular adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→regularly adv.经常；定期地→irregular adj不规律的
21.limited adj.有限的→limitless / unlimited adj.无限的,无尽的→limit v.限制;n.限制→limitation n.限制
22.mystery n.神秘→mysterious adj.神秘的
短语
1.look up at 抬头仰望 look up to sb尊敬.../ look down upon sb 瞧不起...Look into 调查研究 look out 小心，当心
2.carry sb/sth into space 将...送入太空
3.find out the secrets of the universe 探寻宇宙的秘密
4.be suitable enough to support life 能够维持生命存在
5.be determined to do sth 下定决心去做某事=decide to do... do sth with determination
Make up one’s mind to do
6.realise one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
7.succeeded in doing sth 成功的做了某事 manage to do sth
8.go into space 进入太空
9.step onto the moon 踏上月球
10.carry on space exploration 继续太空探索
11.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
12. make great progress 取得很大进步
13. in a short time 在很短时间内
14. in the hope of doing sth抱着……的希望
15. so as to (do sth)为了;以便 = in order to do sth
16. solar system 太阳系;类太阳系
17. figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
18. make a difference (to)... 起(重要)作用=play an important role in.../ have a... effect on...
19. result in 导致;造成 result from 因....而起
20. as a result=therefore 所以;结果(是) as a result of 因为...=because of
21. provide sth for sb 提供生活所需 =provide sb with sth
22. in closing 最后=at last =finally/eventually
23. run out 用完;耗尽 sb run out of sth
24 attach great importance to ....认为... 很重要
25 be keen on doing sth/ be keen to do sth 热衷于做...,渴望做...
句式
1．Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became
the first person in the world to go into space.
后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。3．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the
universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
尽管有许多困难，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙是如何开始的，而且还能帮助我们更好
地生存到未来。
4．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off
otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西粘在一起，否则所有的东西都会漂走。
5．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.
把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。
教材话题题型综合训练
词性转换（一）
1．other（其他的）+wise（按……某种方式）→ adv. 否则；另外
2．helicopterist n. 直升机驾驶员→ n. [航] 直升飞机
3．mid（中间的；中央的）+night（夜晚）→ n. 午夜
4．threaten vt. 威胁；恐吓→ n. 威胁，恐吓
5．propertyless adj. 无财产的→ n. 性质，性能；财产
6．sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的→ adv. 足够地，充足地
7．sheltery adj. 庇护的，遮盖的→ n. 庇护；避难所
8． n. 样本，样品→vt. 品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查
9． n. 估计，估算→vt. 估计，估算
10． vt. 造成，引起，产生（问题、危险、困难等）→n. （为画像、拍照等而摆的）姿势，姿态
11．base（基础)）+line（线）→ n. （医学或科学中的）基线，准线
12．wide（广泛地）+spread（传播）→ adj. 分布广的，广泛流传的
13．out（出来）+break（突破）→ n. （战争）爆发；（疾病）暴发，突然发生
14．under（在……下面）+line（线）→ vt. 强调，使突出；在……之下画线
【答案】
1．otherwise 2．helicopter 3．midnight 4．threat 5．property 6．sufficiently 7．
shelter 8．sample 9．estimate 10．pose 11．baseline 12．widespread 13．outbreak
14．underline
词性转换（二）
15．complete adj.完全的；彻底的 vt.完成，结束→ n．完成，结束16．harmony n．融洽相处，和谐→ adj.(关系)和睦的，和谐的；协调的
17．harm v．伤害，损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的
18．agriculture n．农业→ adj.(与)农业(有关)的
19．beauty n．美，美丽→ adj.美丽的
20．narrow adj.狭窄的，不宽的→ adv.狭窄地；勉强地
21．limit v．限制；限定；使限于 n．界限；限定；范围→ adj.有限的→ n．限制，局
限
22．benefit n．好处，益处→ adj.有益的，有利的
23．pleasure n. 愉快；快乐→ adj.令人愉快的
24．energy n．力量，活力→ adj.精力充沛的
【答案】
15．completion 16．harmonious 17． harmful harmless 18．agricultural 19．
beautiful 20．narrowly 21． limited limitation 22．beneficial 23．pleasant 24．
energetic
词性转换（三）
25．rely v.依靠→ adj.可信赖的，可靠的
26．emergent adj.紧急的→ n.突发事件；紧急情况
27．exceptional adj.杰出的，卓越的；特别的→ adv.极其，非常
28．threat n.威胁；可能带来威胁的人（事）→ v.威胁到，危及
29．precise adj.精确的，准确的→ adv.精确地，准确地
30．claimant n. 原告；[贸易] 索赔人；提出要求者→ vt.要求；声称
31．satellitic adj. 卫星的→ n.卫星
32．billionaire n. 亿万富翁→ n. 十亿；大量
【答案】25．reliable 26．emergency 27．exceptionally 28．threaten 29．precisely 30．
claim 31．satellite 32．billion
词性转换（四）
33． adj.健康的 n.健康；健壮；适合→ adj.不健康的
34． v.主办；主持n.主人；东道主；节目主持人→ n. 女主人；女主人
35． n.运动员；运动健儿→ adj.健壮的；体育运动的
36． n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→ adj. 可敬的；值得尊敬的→ adj.荣幸的
37． v.决定；下定决心；确定→ n.决心；决定→ adj.坚定的；下定决心的
38． vt.使受伤；损害→ adj.受伤的；有伤的→ n.伤害；损伤
39． n.力量；体力→ vt.加强；巩固；使坚强vi.变强→ adj.强壮的；坚
强的
40． vt.失败；未能(做到)；不及格→ n.失败；失败的人(或事物)
【答案】33． fit fitness unfit 34． host hostess 35． athlete
athletic 36． honour honourable honoured 37． determine determination
determined 38． injure injured injury 39． strength strengthen strong
40． fail failure
完成句子
41．After Shenzhen became a special economic zone in 1980, people from all over China went to the city
(去寻找成功致富之路).
【答案】to seek their fortune
【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：1980年深圳成为经济特区后，来自中国各地的人们来到这个
城市寻找财富。表示“寻找成功致富之路”用固定搭配seek one’s fortune，其中seek表示“寻找”，
fortune表示“财富”，根据主语people可知，用their“他们的”，作定语，修饰fortune。本句谓语为
went，此处为非谓语动词，用seek的不定式，作目的状语。故填to seek their fortune。
42． (继续) walking until you get to the crossroads, and turn left.
【答案】 Carry on
【详解】考查祈使句与固定短语。句意：继续走到十字路口，然后向左拐。根据汉语提示可知，此处需要
填入表示“继续”的短语。carry on意为“继续”；根据后句的and可知，此处为省略主语you的祈使句，
应用动词原形形式置于句首。故填Carry on。
43． (摆脱，丢弃，扔掉) the stress and worries, the girl practiced yoga and found some inner peace.
【答案】To get rid of
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：为了摆脱压力和担忧，女孩练习瑜伽，找到了内心的平静。根据汉语提示
“摆脱，丢弃，扔掉”可知，此处使用固定短语get rid of，本句谓语为practiced和found，此处为非谓语
动词，应用不定式，作目的状语。故填To get rid of。
44．Their money (用完了), so they had to make an effort to find a solution.
【答案】ran out
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他们的钱用完了，所以他们不得不努力寻找解决办法。根据提示的汉语，
表示“用完了”应为run out为不及物动词短语，分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据谓语动词had可知，此处应为一般过去时，与主语之间为主动关系。故填ran out。
45．The men were soon very tired and their food (用完;耗尽).
【答案】ran out
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：这些人很快就很累了，他们的食物也用完了。根据汉语提示和设空
位置可知，使用动词短语“run out”，为不及物动词短语，后无需跟宾语。and连接并列结构，前后时态保
持一致，根据上一句的“were”可知，使用一般过去时。故填ran out。
46．We need some new people （注入活力）this project.
【答案】to breathe life into
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们需要一些新人来给这个项目注入活力。表示“给……注入活力”应用
短语breathe life into sth.。分析句子可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to breathe life into。
47．Then they can help shop owners (弥补销售损失) during the COVID-19 lockdown.
【答案】make up for sales lost
【详解】考查动词短语和形容词。句意：然后，他们可以帮助店主弥补在COVID-19封锁期间损失的销售
额。“弥补”用动词短语make up for表示，作宾语补足语，help sb. do sth..是固定搭配，用不带to的不定
式作宾语补足语；“销售损失”作宾语，用sales lost表示，其中形容词lost (失去的)作后置定语。故填
make up for sales lost。
48．Is this a good place (搭建帐篷)?
【答案】to put up a tent
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是搭建帐篷的好地方吗？“搭建”使用动词短语put up，后接宾语
“帐篷”a tent，分析句子结构可知，句中已有be动词is，空处应作非谓语动词，使用动词不定式形式作后
置定语，修饰名词place。故填to put up a tent。
49．Why don’t you ask your son (帮你搬较重的箱子)?
【答案】to help you with the heavier boxes
【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。句意：你为什么不让你儿子帮你搬那些较重的箱子呢？ask sb. to do
sth.意为“请求某人做某事”，不定式作宾补；“帮”可表示为help sb. with sth.，为固定搭配；“较重
的”可表示为heavier；“箱子”可表示为box，为可数名词，这里应用复数形式。故填to help you with the
heavier boxes。
50．I’ve had a lot of chances （去北京旅游）
【答案】to travel to Beijing
【详解】
考查动词不定式和动词短语。句意：我有很多机会去北京旅游。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式作后置定语修饰chances，chance to do“做某事的机会”为惯用表达，表示“去北京旅游”应为动词短语 travel to
Beijing。故填to travel to Beijing。
阅读理解
The idea for China’s space program was put forward in 1956 by Qian Xuesen, a pioneer in Chinese rocket
science. Following full preparation, the manned Shenzhou program began in 1992, and in 2003, the first Chinese
astronaut, Yang Liwei, took adventure into space. In 2007, the lunar orbiter Chang’e-1 was launched, followed by
the experimental manned space station Tiangong-1 in 2011.
In 2019, Chang’e-4 achieved a soft landing on the lunar far side, marking the first successful soft landing by
humans in that area. A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way, and gets no damage.
Twelve hours later, the small Yutu-2 was let go. To understand why Chang’e-4’s soft landing was such an
achievement, consider the difficulty of any space mission, especially one to the far side of the moon. While the far
side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon, it is not really dark.
The main challenge of landing on the moon’s far side is communication, as there is no direct line of sight to
Earth, making radio communication with spacecraft there typically impossible. Chinese engineers designed a
unique solution to this problem. Before Chang’e-4’s mission, they sent the Queqiao communications satellite into
space. When engineers needed to communicate with Chang’e-4 and Yutu-2, they could send radio messages to
Queqiao. The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the Lander. This allowed for contact between
Earth and the far side of the moon.
One of Chang’e-4’s experiments aimed to test a closed ecological (生态的) system, important for space
missions. In this system, plants produce food and oxygen for fruit flies, while the fruit flies produce CO₂ for the
plants. This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped
below-52°C．
China’s space program has achieved significant milestones, from the manned Shenzhou program to the
successful soft landing of Chang’e-4 on the lunar far side. These achievements reflect China’s growing progress in
space exploration.
51．Why was the Chang’e-4’s soft landing on the lunar far side important?
A．It found evidence of water on the moon.
B．It discovered a new type of rock formation.
C．It established an everlasting base for future missions.
D．It marked a significant milestone in China’s space exploration.52．How did Chinese engineers solve the communication problem with Chang’e-4?
A．They used a special radio wave.
B．They set up large equipment on the moon.
C．They used a network of ground-based stations.
D．They sent a communications satellite into space.
53．What challenge did the closed ecological system experiment face?
A．Lack of sunlight. B．Equipment failure.
C．Extreme temperatures. D．Shortage of oxygen supply.
54．What is the author’s attitude to China’s achievements in space exploration?
A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
【答案】51．D 52．D 53．C 54．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的太空计划自1956年由钱学森提出，经历了载人航天、
月球探测等重大里程碑。2019年，嫦娥四号成功软着陆月球背面，通过鹊桥中继卫星解决了通信难题，并
测试了封闭生态系统。
51．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In 2019, Chang’e-4 achieved a soft landing on the lunar far side, marking
the first successful soft landing by humans in that area.(2019年，嫦娥四号成功实现在月球背面的软着陆，这
标志着人类首次在该区域完成成功的软着陆任务)”可知，嫦娥四号在月球背面的软着陆标志着中国在太空
探索方面的一个重要里程碑。故选D项。
52．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The main challenge of landing on the moon’s far side is communication, as
there is no direct line of sight to Earth, making radio communication with spacecraft there typically impossible.
Chinese engineers designed a unique solution to this problem. Before Chang’e-4’s mission, they sent the Queqiao
communications satellite into space.(在月球背面着陆的主要挑战是通信问题，因为那里与地球没有直接的视
线联系，使得与那里的航天器进行无线电通信通常是不可能的。中国的工程师们为这个问题设计了一个独
特的解决方案。在嫦娥四号任务之前，他们向太空发射了鹊桥通信卫星)”可知，中国工程师为了解决与嫦
娥四号的通信问题，向太空发射了一颗通信卫星。故选D项。
53．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“This experiment worked for nine days, but it had to be stopped when the
temperatures dropped below-52°C.(这个实验运行了九天，但是当温度降至零下52°C时，不得不终止)”可知，
封闭生态系统面临着极端温度。故选C项。
54．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“China’s space program has achieved significant milestones, from the
manned Shenzhou program to the successful soft landing of Chang’e-4 on the lunar far side. These achievements
reflect China’s growing progress in space exploration.(中国的航天计划已经取得了重大里程碑式的成就，从载人神舟计划到嫦娥四号在月球背面的成功软着陆。这些成就彰显了中国在太空探索领域日益增长的进步)”
可推知，作者对中国在太空探索方面取得的成就持积极态度。故选A项。
七选五
It sounds like something from the field of science fiction — a space exploration into vast outer space,
heading towards the Red Planet While we’re not quite ready to put a person on it, the question we ask today is: 55
The space race saw the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and USA compete to achieve firsts
in spaceflight. The USSR released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else, 56 Now it appears that
Mars is the body of desire. While to be the first nation to land on it is an obvious draw, there are other reasons why
we want to get there.
57 You only have to look at the fossils of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable
planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of
terraforming-changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.
However, not everyone agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the concept of changing
habitability of a planet is not always practical. 58
It seems that the main reason at the moment is the search for alien (外星的) life. 59 Now seemingly
dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that
bacterial life on our planet didn't start here, but was brought here via asteroid from Mars.
A．and the US landed on the moon first.
B．Instead, it makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth because of the damage we have done to it.
C．One of these could be the survival of our species.
D．Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?
E．It has been believed that, at one time, a certain form of life did exist in this red planet.
F．Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reasonable enough.
G．May landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in exploring space?
【答案】55．D 56．A 57．C 58．B 59．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明人类为什么热衷于探索火星，介绍了人类历史中对太空的探索
行动，分析了人类想登陆火星背后的原因以及人们对此的看法。
55．根据前文“It sounds like something from the field of science fiction — a space exploration into vast outer
space, heading towards the Red Planet While we’re not quite ready to put a person on it, the question we ask today
is(这听起来像是科幻小说里的情节——向广阔的外太空进行太空探索，驶向红色星球。虽然我们还没有完
全准备好把人送上火星，但我们今天要问的问题是)”可知，空处应是提出具体问题，且和探索火星有关，所以D项“Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?(为什么这么多国家对去火星感兴趣？)”符
合文意。故选D项。
56．根据前文“The space race saw the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and USA compete to
achieve firsts in spaceflight. The USSR released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else,(太空竞赛见证
了苏联(苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟)和美国争夺太空飞行的第一名。苏联比任何人都早发射人造卫星“斯
普特尼克1号”)”可知，此处讲述美苏太空竞赛各自的成就，前文说的苏联，所以空处应是美国的成就，A
项“and the US landed on the moon first.(而美国则率先登陆月球)”符合文意，且和前文构成并列关系。故选
A项。
57．分析设空，位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“You only have to look at the fossils of the dinosaurs to
see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just
yet, there's always the concept of terraforming-changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.(你只需要看
看恐龙的化石就能知道找到另一个适宜居住的星球的好处。虽然火星目前还不具备适宜居住的条件，但改
造地球的概念一直存在——改变行星的环境以适应我们的需要)”可知，本段主要讲述了探索火星事关人类
生存，所以C项“One of these could be the survival of our species.(其中之一可能是人类的生存)”符合文意，
为本段中心句。故选C项。
58．根据前文“However, not everyone agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the concept
of changing habitability of a planet is not always practical.(然而，并非所有人都同意。著名天体物理学家尼尔·
德格拉斯·泰森曾说，改变行星可居住性的概念并不总是切实可行的)”可知，此处讲述并不是所有人认为改
变行星可居住性的概念是可行的，所以B项“Instead, it makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth
because of the damage we have done to it.(相反，鉴于我们对地球造成的破坏，对地球进行地球化改造毫无意
义)”符合文意，且和前文构成转折关系。故选B项。
59．根据前文“It seems that the main reason at the moment is the search for alien (外星的) life.(目前的主要原
因似乎是寻找外星生命)”可知，F项“Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reasonable enough.
(当然，鼓励新一代去拜访星星是很合理的)”是对前句的进一步补充，符合文意。故选F项。
完形填空
A wise man was passing through a city. While he was walking, he 60 a coin on the road. He picked it
up. Despite his simple life, he was satisfied and he had no use of that coin. So, he planned to donate it. 61 ,
throughout the day he didn’t find such a person. Finally, he reached the 62 area and spent a night there.
Next morning, he 63 and was told that a king was going for his invasion of another state with his
army. When the king saw the wise man, he 64 his army to stop. He came to the wise man and said, ”I amgoing to beat another 65 . Thus, my state can be 66 . So bless me to be victorious. ”
After 67 , the wise man gave the coin to the king！The king was confused with this because he is
already one of the richest kings! He 68 asked, “What’s the meaning？”
The wise man explained, ”I found this coin yesterday in your 69 . But I had no use. So I had 70
that I would donate it. I walked around till the evening, but found no one to donate it to.
Everyone was living a 71 life. It seemed that they were satisfied with what they had. But today, the
king of this state, still has the desire to 72 more and is not satisfied with what he already has. I feel you are
73 this coin. ”
The king realized his 74 and gave up the planned war.
60．A．noticed B．lost C．spent D．dropped
61．A．Thus B．Besides C．However D．Therefore
62．A．dining B．waiting C．walking D．resting
63．A．woke up B．looked up C．stayed up D．dressed up
64．A．hoped B．allowed C．ordered D．advised
65．A．tribe B．state C．city D．king
66．A．expanded B．respected C．developed D．blamed
67．A．consulting B．thinking C．chatting D．bargaining
68．A．nervously B．curiously C．eagerly D．angrily
69．A．city B．palace C．house D．backyard
70．A．agreed B．announced C．informed D．decided
71．A．happy B．hard C．convenient D．different
72．A．defend B．gain C．earn D．borrow
73．A．in possession of B．in search of C．in need of D．in charge of
74．A．achievement B．dream C．existence D．mistake
【答案】
60．A 61．C 62．D 63．A 64．C 65．B 66．A 67．B 68．B 69．A
70．D 71．A 72．B 73．C 74．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了一位智者在路过一个国家的时候，在街道上拾得一枚硬币，智者想
把这枚硬币捐赠出去，但却没有找到需要这枚硬币的人。第二天醒来，智者被告知，这个国家的国王要侵
略另一个国家，智者告诉国王，自己的国家的人民过着幸福的生活，人们安居乐业，很是满足，而这个国家的国王，仍然有获得更多的欲望，并不满足于他已经拥有的。国王才是最需要这枚银币的人。国王意识
到自己的错误，放弃了计划中的战争。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他走路的时候，他注意到路上有一枚硬币。A. noticed注意；B. lost丢失；
C. spent花费；D. dropped投下。根据后文“He picked it up.”可知，他捡起这枚硬币，即他注意到路上有一
枚硬币，才会捡起来。故选A。
61．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他一整天都没有找到需要这枚银币的人。A. Thus因此；B. Besides
此外；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据后文“he didn’t find such a person”可知，前后语意转折，
应用however。故选C。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他到了休息区，在那里过了一夜。A. dining进餐；B. waiting等待；
C. walking步行；D. resting休息。根据后文“spent a night there”可知，他到了休息区。故选D。
63．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，他醒来，被告知一个国王将要带着他的军队入侵另一个
国家。A. woke up唤醒；B. looked up向上看；C. stayed up熬夜；D. dressed up打扮。由“Next morning”以
及后文“and was told that a king was going for his invasion of another state with his army”可知，他醒来，被告
知一个国王将要带着他的军队入侵另一个国家。故选A。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当国王看到这个智者时，他命令他的军队停下来。A. hoped希望；B.
allowed允许；C. ordered命令；D. advised建议。根据后文“his army to stop”指国王命令军队停下来，短语
order sb to do sth“命令某人做某事”符合句意。故选C。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对智者说:“我要去打败另一个国家。”A tribe部落；B. state国家；C.
city城市；D. king国王。由上文“his invasion of another state with his army”，可知，国王亲口告诉智者，自
己要去攻打另一个国家。故选B。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我的国家的疆土就可以扩大了。A. expanded扩大；B. respected尊重；
C. developed发展；D. blamed责备。根据常识可以判断出，打仗是为了扩大本国的疆土。故选A。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过思考，智者把硬币给了国王！A. consulting咨询；B. thinking想；C.
chatting聊天；D. bargaining讨价还价。根据后文智者给出了归还硬币的理由，可知智者觉得这枚硬币可以
说服国王。经过思考，智者把硬币给了国王。故选B。
68．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他好奇地问:“这是什么意思？A. nervously紧张地；B. curiously好奇地；C.
eagerly渴望地；D. angrily生气地。根据后文“What’s the meaning”可知，国王很好奇，智者为什么会给他
一枚小小的硬币。故选B。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：智者解释说：“我昨天在你的城市里发现了这枚硬币”。A. city城市；B.
palace宫殿；C. house房子；D. backyard后院。根据上文“through a city.”可知，智者在叙述捡硬币的地点。故选A。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我已经决定要把它捐出去。A. agreed同意；B. announced宣布；C.
informed告知；D. decided决定。由上文“But I had no use.(但我没有用)”可知，智者已经决定要把它捐出去。
故选D。
71．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都过着幸福的生活。A. happy快乐的；B. hard困难的；C.
convenient方便的；D. different不同的。根据后文“It seemed that they were satisfied with what they had.(他们
似乎对所拥有的一切很满意)”可知，智者并没有找到需要硬币的人。那时因为每个人都过着幸福的生活，
不要这枚小小的硬币。故选A。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是今天，这个国家的国王，仍然有欲望获得更多，不满足于他已经拥有
的。A. defend防御；B. gain获得；C. earn赚钱；D. borrow借。由“is not satisfied with”可知，国王，仍然
要获得更多的东西。故选B。
73．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我觉得你需要这枚硬币。A. in possession of拥有；B. in search of搜查；
C. in need of需要；D. in charge of负责。根据上文“more and is not satisfied with what he already has”可知，
智者觉得国王渴望拥有更多，所以最需要这枚硬币。故选C。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：国王意识到自己的错误，放弃了计划中的战争。A. achievement成就；B.
dream梦想；C. existence存在；D. mistake错误。由“gave up the planned war”可知，国王意识到自己的错
误，所以放弃了计划中的战争。故选D。
单句语法填空
75．We recognise him (be) a hard-working person.
【答案】to be
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们认为他是一个勤劳诚实的人。此处为非谓语动词作宾补，recognise
sb./sth. to be 意为“认为某人……”，此处应为不定式形式，故填to be。
76． I studied all night, only (discover) in the morning that I had forgotten that the exam was delayed.
【答案】to discover
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我学习了一整夜，结果早上才发现我忘了考试推迟了。根据“I studied
all night”和“in the morning that I had forgotten that the exam was delayed”可知，此处应用only to do表示意料
之外的结果。动词discover意为“发现”。故填to discover。
77．The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his
suffering and his strong will (fight) it.
【答案】to fight
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来的两个乐章充满了绝望的低谷和令人振奋的高潮，这也许反映了他的苦难和他与之斗争的坚强意志。“(fight) it”作后置定语修饰名词will，will意为“意志”，常用不定式
作后置定语。故填to fight。
78．They arrived at the airport, only (find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm.
【答案】to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪，航班被取消了。“only +不定式”
作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，且They与find构成主动关系，应用find“发现”的不定式。故填to
find。
79．We rushed to the airport only (tell) that the plane had just taken off.
【答案】to be told
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知飞机刚刚起飞。此处为非谓语动词作状语，
结合句意和only可知，此处为“only to do sth.”结构，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式作结
果状语，且tell与逻辑主语we之间为被动关系。故填to be told。
80．The building project (carry) out next year is, I think, not easy to complete in time.
【答案】to be carried
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我认为明年将要实施的建筑工程不容易及时完成。分析句子结构可知，
该句的谓语是is，空处应用非谓语动词。根据时间状语next year可知，此处表示将要发生的事情，即动作
未发生，空处应用动词不定式，作The building project的后置定语。动词短语carry out与名词project之间
是被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be carried。
81．In history, Beijing 2022 is the first Games where all venues (场地) are powered by clean energy and Beijing
is the first city in the world (host) both the Summer and Winter Games.
【答案】to host
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会是历史上第一届所有场馆都使用清洁能源的奥运会，
也是世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。设空处在句中作定语，使用非谓语动词，当名词被
序数词修饰时，应用动词不定式作定语。故填to host。
82．The bridge (build) next year was designed by a local company.
【答案】to be built
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将于明年建造的这座桥是由当地一家公司设计的。分析句子，句中was
designed为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词The bridge，根据句中的next year可知动
作未发生，故使用不定式结构作后置定语，同时the bridge与动词build之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故使用
不定式的被动结构。故填to be built。
83．Although Liu’s dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his audience (follow)．【答案】to follow
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管Liu的跳跃动作看起来很简单，但常常因强度大，导致网友跟不上。
分析句意可知，此处为“too＋形容词＋to do sth.”句型，表示“太……而不能”符合句意，此处使用动词
不定式形式，作结果状语。故填to follow。
84．More subways are being built in Nanjing (make) it more convenient for people to travel from
one place to another.
【答案】to make
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：南京正在修建更多的地铁，使人们从一个地方到另一个地方的出行更加方便。
空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to make。
85．After the victory in 2015 World Cup, Lang Ping (determine) to lead the team to the Olympic
gold in Brazil.
【答案】determined
【详解】考查时态。句意：在2015年世界杯夺冠后，郎平下定决心要带领队伍在巴西赢得奥运金牌。
determine to do sth意为“决心做某事”，空白处在句子作谓语，句子陈述过去发生的事情，谓语动词使用
一般过去时，故填determined。
86．After a spacecraft is launched, what we should do first is (make)sure it goes in the right orbit.
【答案】make/to make
【详解】考查不定式。句意：航天器发射后，我们首先要做的就是确保它进入正确的轨道。主语从句后用
不定式结构作表语，不定式to可以省略，故填to make或make。
87．You’ll want to look back on your journey (see) how far you’ve come.
【答案】to see
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：你会想回顾你的旅程，了解一下你已经走了多远。分析句子结构可知，
此处应为非谓语动词作状语，根据句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式。故填to see。
88．He got on board the (electricity) vehicle and went downtown to buy some high-end products.
【答案】electric/electrical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他上了电动车，去市中心买了一些高端产品。分析句子可知，空处应填形容
词electric/electrical“用电的”在句中作定语。故填electric/electrical
语篇填空
“The astronaut” had for a long time seemed “sacred and distant” to Gui Haichao until the researcher became
a member of the Astronaut Center of China.
In 2005, Gui became a student at the School of Astronautics under Beihang University, 89 (major) inspacecraft design and engineering. In the following years, Gui continued his study and graduated in the summer of
2014 with a doctor’s degree. The young researcher then spent two years in a post-doctoral program at York
University in Toronto, after 90 he returned to Beihang to teach. In the spring of 2018, Gui and his
colleagues 91 (tell) that China’s manned space authorities had decided to select the third batch of
astronauts. Gui has been a fan of space 92 (explore) and sometimes dreamed about doing his research in
space, 93 he immediately filled in the application form. After 94 (round) of physical checks and
professional tests, Gui succeeded.
Gui once told one of his friends 95 (private) that the physical training at the astronaut center was
intense and demanding and posed 96 huge challenge to him. But he didn’t quit the training and managed to
pass all tests. Thanks 97 his hard work, Gui progressed rapidly in every training course and was chosen for
the Shenzhou XVI mission to become the first civilian and scientist in this country 98 (travel) in orbit.
【答案】
89．majoring 90．which 91．were told 92．exploration 93．so 94．rounds 95．
privately 96．a 97．to 98．to travel
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了研究员桂海潮如何从一名航天专业的学生，通过不断学习、深造，最
终成为航天员，参与神舟十六号任务的故事。
89．考查非谓语动词。句意：2005年，桂海潮成为北京航空航天大学航天学院的一名学生，主修航天器设
计与工程。本句谓语为became，此处为非谓语动词，且Gui与major“主修”为主动关系，应用现在分词，
作状语。故填majoring。
90．考查定语从句。句意：这位年轻的科研人员之后在加拿大多伦多的约克大学进行了两年的博士后项目
研究，之后回到北航任教。本空引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子的内容在从句中作介词
after的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
91．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2018年春天，桂和他的同事们被告知，中国载人航天部门已决定
选拔第三批航天员。根据时间状语In the spring of 2018可知，句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，
且主语Gui and his colleagues与动词tell之间为被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，
be动词用were。故填were told。
92．考查名词。句意：桂一直是太空探索的爱好者，有时梦想着在太空中进行他的研究，因此，他立即填
写了申请表。本空位于介词of之后，应填入explore的名词形式exploration“探索”，作宾语。故填
exploration。
93．考查连词。句意：桂一直是太空探索的爱好者，有时梦想着在太空中进行他的研究，因此，他立即填写了申请表。根据上下文逻辑，此处表示结果，应用连词so“因此”。故填so。
94．考查名词的数。句意：经过几轮体能检查和专业测试，桂成功了。round“轮次”为可数名词， 根据
checks和tests可知，用复数形式，作After的宾语。故填rounds。
95．考查副词。句意：桂曾经私下里告诉过他的一个朋友，航天中心的体能训练强度大、要求高，对他来
说是一个巨大的挑战。本空用副词privately“私下地”，修饰动词told，作状语。故填privately。
96．考查冠词。句意：桂曾经私下里告诉过他的一个朋友，航天中心的体能训练强度大、要求高，对他来
说是一个巨大的挑战。此处泛指“一个巨大的挑战”，且huge以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填
a。
97．考查固定短语。句意：由于他的努力工作，桂在每一门培训课程中都迅速进步，并被选中参加神舟十
六号任务，成为中国首位进入轨道的平民科学家。thanks to是固定短语，意为“幸亏，由于”。故填to。
98．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于他的努力工作，桂在每一门培训课程中都迅速进步，并被选中参加神舟
十六号任务，成为中国首位进入轨道的平民科学家。civilian and scientist前有序数词修饰，此处用travel“行
进”的不定式，作后置定语，修饰the first civilian and scientist。故填to travel。
应用文写作
假定你是李华，上周三你们学校组织观看了中国的太空授课，恰巧你的美国朋友Jim发来邮件和你讨论太
空探索（space exploration）的话题。请你给他回封邮件，谈谈你的感受。内容包括：
1.观看的方式及感受；
2.太空授课的意义。
注意: 1.词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear from you. Last Wednesday, our school organized all of us to watch the first space lecturewhich was hosted by Wang Yaping. We watched the live broadcast on TV in our class. I was so impressed by the
lecture.
I think the lecture is of great importance. At first, it inspires our interest in space. We are so curious in space
that we want to work hard and explore the space. Besides, by watching the lecture, we youth can have more
intuitive access to aerospace knowledge.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国朋友Jim写封信，谈谈自己观看太空授课的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→pleased
重要性：importance→significance
激起某人的兴趣：inspire one’s interest→intrigue sb
此外：besides→moreover
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I was so impressed by the lecture.
拓展句： I was so impressed by the lecture that I was determined to devote myself to the space industry of our
motherland.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Last Wednesday, our school organized all of us to watch the first space lecture which was
hosted by Wang Yaping. (运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] We are so curious in space that we want to work hard and explore the space. (运用了so...that...引导
的结果状语从句)
