专题01 语法填空-十年(2015-2024)高考真题英语试题研究
专题 01 语法填空
目录
01 命题分析-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
02 题型解读-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页
03 真题回顾分类训练-------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
传统文化------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
人物故事类----------------------------------------------------------------------------------20页
自然风光(文化遗产)------------------------------------------------------------------32页
环境保护类---------------------------------------------------------------------------------38页
运动与健康---------------------------------------------------------------------------------44页
科技发展-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------48页
其他类-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51页
04应试技巧-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------57页
专题 01 语法填空
01命题分析
语法填空题,这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一转变体
现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势:突出语篇,强调在语篇
中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。到2022年,已经连续考了近十年。根据考纲说明,对语法填空题型约定了命
题素材为短文形式。要求如下:在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本
形式,要求考生,阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。以下是2014-2021年高考英语语法填空试题分析:
年份 试卷类型 体裁 词数 话题 考点分布
新高考全国I 说明文 238 文章主要介绍了一个 提示词7个
位动态温室,并详细 56. 名词 57. 形容词 58. 不
描述了该温室的设 定式 59. 形容词 60. 时态
计、功能、以及它如
61.冠词 62. 名词复数 63. 介
何与丝绸之路的历史
词 64. 定语从句 65.名词
和丝绸之路花园相结
合。
新高考全国 说明文 212 文章主要介绍了中国 提示词7个
II卷 明代戏曲家汤显祖与 36. 定语从句 37.名词复数 38.
英国戏剧家莎士比亚 时态和主谓一致 39.介词 40.
之间的联系和共同
过去分词 41. 被动语态 42. 名
点。
词 43. 不定式 44.现在分词
45. 并列连词
2024年
浙江卷1月 说明文 242 文章对商家各式各样 提示词6个
的促销手段进行了介 56.不定式 57.并列连词
绍。 58.定语从句 59.表语从句
60.名词 61.被动语态
62.时态 63.过去分词
64.冠词 65.代词
全国甲卷 说明文 209 文章讲述了美国国家 提示词7个
公园的由来。 41.不定式 42.名词复数
43.宾语从句 44.时态
45.被动语态 46.代词
47.介词 48.名词 49.形
容词最高级 50.定语从句
2023·新高考 说明文 205 文章介绍了中国美食 提示词7个
I卷 ——小笼包,讲述了 36. 形容词 37.不定式 38. 连
小笼包美味,发源地 词 39. 形容词 40. 介词 41.
以及制作方法等等。
不定式的被动式 42. 代词
43. 冠词 44.副词 45. 现在分
词
2023年 2023·新高考 记叙文 209 讲述了作者在柏林动 提示词6个
Ⅱ卷 物园教英语。 56. 名词57. 形容词58.介词 59.
冠词60. 形容词61. 名词复数62. 表
语从句 63.副词
64.连词 65. 时态
2023·全国甲 说明文 216 文章主要介绍了寓言 提示词7个
卷 的形式在今天仍然具 41. 不定式 42. 数词 43. 定语有价值。 从句 44. 定语从句 45. 现在分
词 46.过去分词 47. 形容词
48. 介词 49. 名词 50. 语态
2023年1月· 说明文 196 文章介绍了北京的胡 提示词7个
浙江卷 同的由来、规模及历 56.并列连词 57.副词
史意义。 58.过去分词 59.被
动语态 60.时态 6
1.形容词 62.形容词比较
级 63.介词 64.
名词复数 65.冠词
2023·全国乙 说明文 197 文章介绍了北京这座 提示词7个
卷 城市的古老建筑和现 61.介词 62. 过去分词 63. 定语从
代化发展之间的独特 句 64. 名词复数 65. 并列连词 66.
结合,同时探讨了城
现在分词 67. 被动语态 68. 动名词
市如何在不断发展的
69. 形容词 70. 时态
同时保护其丰富的遗
产。
全国甲卷 记叙文 219 失明的北京男子曹盛 提示词7个
康徒步旅行一带一路 41. 不定式42. 从属连词43. 时
的事情 态44. 冠词45. 名词46. 形容词47.
时态48. 形容词最高级49. 介词 50.
现在分词
全国乙卷 记叙文 222 为了庆祝第一个国际 提示词6个
茶日,中国商会博物 41. 介词42. 冠词43. 时态44.
馆所举办的一系列活 形容词最高级45. 名词46. 时态47.
动
并列连词48. 不定式49. 现在分词
50. 代词
新高考全国I 记叙文 205 大熊猫国家公园计划 提示词6个
2022年
卷 36. 现在分词37. 冠词38. 时态
39.不定式 40.被动语态 41.并列连词
42.名词 43.副词 44.固定短语搭配
45.从句连词
新高考全国 记叙文 223 修车的Henry拯救了挂 提示词7个
II卷 在六楼公寓的阳台上, 36. 现在分词37. 冠词38. 形容
即将要掉下来的小孩的
词 39.不定式 40.副词 41.并列连词
故事
42.时态 43.时态 44.名词所有格 45.
从句连词
浙江卷1月 记叙文 210 一个由学者团体发行 提示词6个
的实践,目的是为了 36. 从属连词37. 时态38. 时态减少学术飞行以应对 39.现在分词 40.副词 41.时态 42.连
气候变化危机 词 43.冠词 44.名词 45.不不定式
全国甲卷 记叙文 186 介绍了作者游览西安 提示词7个
长城的活动 41. 被动语态42. 介词43. 动词
不定式44. 动名词45. 形容词比较
级46. 时态47. 连词48. 冠词49. 名
词复数50. 形容词
全国乙卷 说明文 189 生态旅游通常被认为 提示词7个
是到原始地区的低影 61. 形容词62. 名词63. 代词64. 固
响旅游 定短语65. 冠词66. 介词67. 名词
68. 形容词69. 名词70. 非谓语动词
新高考全国I 说明文 199 介绍黄山的三种代表 提示词7个
卷 性的事物——云海, 56. 主语从句57. 名词复数58.
温泉以及台阶 副词59. 比较级60. 形容词61. 一般
2021年 过去时62. 连词63. 形容词64. 代词
65. 冠词
浙江卷6月 说明文 233 介绍了林肯之家国家 提示词7个
历史遗址的详细情况 56.时态57. 介词58. 名词59. 比较
级60. 时态和语态61. 反身代词62.
连词63. 动词不定式64. 定冠词65.
动词的时态
浙江卷1月 说明文 210 全球肥胖率在农村地 提示词7个
区的上升速度快于城 56. 并列连词57. 定语从句/关
市 系代词58. 名词所有格59. 谓语动
词时态和语态60. 介词61. 谓语动
词时态62. 非谓语动词63. 副词64.
非谓语动词65. 形容词比较级
新课标卷I 说明文 215 介绍了中国无人月球 提示词7个
探测器嫦娥四号发射 61.时态62.副词63.定语从句64.名词
的意义。 65.介词66.非谓语动词67.时态和主
谓一致68.时态、语态和主谓一致
69.形容词70.代词
新课标卷II 说明文 208 介绍了用一些植物、 提示词7个
2020年
水果和鲜花装饰中国 61. 名词62. 主谓一致63. 非谓语动
新年的寓意。 词64. 固定短语65. 非谓语动词66.
副词67. 固定短语68. 非谓语动词
69. 形容词70. 冠词
新课标卷III 记叙文 232 记叙了一位古代画家 61. 定语从句 62. 形容词的最高级
的故事。画家发现这 63. 动词语态 64. 名词 65. 状语从
位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母 句 66. 动词时态 67. 非谓语动词
亲。 68. 副词 69. 非谓语动词 70. 介词
新课标卷I 说明文 185 介绍了北极熊的生存 提示词7个
现状 61.同位语从句 62. 副词用法
63. 介词64. 非谓语动词
65. 时态 66. 名词 67. 非谓语动词
68. 形容词比较级69. 定冠词
70. 主谓一致。
新课标卷II 记叙文 195 九十高龄的 Irene 作 提示词7个
为英国最年长的全职 61.非谓语动词62.定语从句
2019年 员工,,她被颁发 63.副词用法64.动词时态
“年度女士”称号。 65.不定式作定语66.动词时态
67.并列连词68.非谓语动词
69.冠词用法70.形容词作表语
新课标卷III 记叙文 180 作者去夏威夷度假途 提示词7个
中的经历以及到了主 61.副词62.不定式63.介词
人家后受到的礼遇。 64.定语从句65.一般过去时
66.名词67.形容词68.副词
69.一般过去时的被动语态70.分词
新课标卷I 说明文 196 跑步的好处,它可以 提示词7个
帮助人们延年益寿 61.副词的级 62. 不定式63.动名词
64.时态65.比较句型66.定语从句67.
名词数68. 词形变化
69.词形变化。70.代词或名词
新课标卷II 说明文 208 中国为保护环境在 提示词7个
农作物种植上做了一 61.时态62. 冠词63. 副词64. 非谓
2018年 些变化并得到了世界 语动词65. 连词66. 词性转换67.词
上的知名人士的认可
性转换68. 时态69. 定语从句70. 省
略句
新课标卷III 记叙文 193 在中非偶遇大猩猩, 提示词7个
彼此惊恐的经历 61.宾语从句62.冠词63.最高级
64. 动词65. 非谓语66. 名词
67. 动词短语68. 代词69. 时态
70. 非谓语
新课标卷I 说明文 223 低脂肪、低盐的饮食 提示词7个
趋势及其对人们健康 61. 介词62. 名词的数63. 非谓语动
2017年 的影响 词64. 谓语动词65. 冠词66. 比较级
67. 主谓一致68. 非谓语动词69. 形
容词70. 定语从句新课标卷II 说明文 201 世界第一个地铁的形 提示词7个
成和发展 61.名词的数62.介词63.非谓语动词
64.冠词65.被动语态66.副词67.代词
68. 时态69. 名词70. 形容词
新课标卷III 说明文 215 Sarah Thomas 在学 提示词7个
业和诱人的职业面前 61. 非谓语动词62. 冠词63.时态和
所做出的选择。 语态64. 定语从句65. 非谓语动词
66. 名词67. 名词的数68. 介词69.
动词时态70. 副词
新课标卷I 记叙文 197 作者的成都之旅及其 提示词7个
与大熊猫之间的故事 61.名词62.时态和语态63.副词64.介
词65.定语从句66.非谓语67. 非谓语
68.代词69.复数70.冠词
新课标卷II 说明文 192 缓解工作中的压力的 提示词7个
一些方法 61.形容词的比较级62.词性转换63.
主谓一致和时态64.介词65.连词66.
2016年 名词复数67. 词性转换68.冠词
69.非谓语动词70.祈使句
新课标卷III 说明文 196 筷子的材质和中国 提示词7个
使用筷子的历史及文 61.and 连词62.时态和语态
化内涵 63.非谓语动词 64.非谓语动词
65.状语从66.副词67.定语从句
68.名词69.时态和主谓一致
70.介词
2015年 全国卷I 记叙文 174 作者到中国阳朔游玩 提示词7个
的经历和感受 61. 时态62. 从属连词63. 代词
64. 从属连词65. 名词66. 介词 67.
时态 68. 被动语态69. 副词 70. 现
在分词
全国卷II 记叙文 183 土坯房比现在的房子 提示词7个
好在冬暖夏凉 61. 过去分词 62. 冠词63. 名
词 64. 现在分词65. 副词66. 不定
式 67. 介词 68. 时态69. 形容词词
70. 从属连词
02题型解读
作为高考新题型的语法填空试题,近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点:文章以记叙文和说明文为主,文
章长度控制在200词左右,有增加趋势,10道题中,有6~7个试题给出提示词,考查的要点分为词法和语法两部
分,词法部分包括:1)词类的转换,结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化;2)介词的固定搭配,
名词的复数形式及运用;语法部分包括:时态和语态的综合运用,非谓语动词,各种从句等。从近年高考的语法填空试题看,给出提示词的考点主要包括:词类的转换(名词与动词的转换,形容词与副词
的转换);形容词比较级与最高级的变化;名词单复数的变化;动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气、谓语动
词与非谓语动词的变化等。给出提示词考点多为实词,所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话内容可以是 1~3个单
词。挖空分布均匀,考点的安排注重多样化。不给提示词的考点主要包括:连词(并列连词和从属连词)、介词
(动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等。
从文章题材看,涉及传统文化、环境保护、科技发展、人物故事、中文文化和国际视野等领域。
03 真题回顾(真题分类训练,新高考已经 10 年了,训练高考题是最好的素
材。)
传统文化
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful
structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even
in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure
that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on
warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____
(close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the
ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants
included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a
winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for
visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the
southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the
plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
【答案】56. engineering 57. functional 58. to give 59. closed 60. walks 61.the 62. favorites 63. as
64. which/that 65. richness
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基
金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室,并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之
路花园相结合。
56. engineering考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知,空处
考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填engineering。
57. functional考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词
structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
58. to give考查非谓语动词。句意:温室在温暖的日子里开放,利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth.
to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
59. closed考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后
作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
60. walks考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,
主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
61.the考查冠词。句意:亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配:for
the first time,意为“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
62. favorites考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,
意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填
favorites。
63. as考查介词。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热带西
南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定义了
英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
64. which/that考查定语从句。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中
国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英
国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指物,关系词在定语
从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
65. richness考查名词。句意:Mark Woodruff补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,中国亚热
带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国,定
义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列,应用名词形式richness,作介词of的宾语。故填richness。
2.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add
an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are
common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s
play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years
later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten
minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that
visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great
writers.
___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting
Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was
very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】36. who 37. themes 38. were 39. to 40. inspired
41. was built 42. visibility 43. to find 44. Recalling 45. and
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点,
并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德,且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德
国际知名度的重要性。
36. who考查定语从句。句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——
埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,在非限制性定
语从句中担当主语,表示人,用关系代词who引导。故填who。37. themes考查名词的数。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说,尽管他们从未见过面,
但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型,为倒装句,根据谓语动词“are”可判断,本句主语为名
词的复数形式。故填themes。
38. were考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧
《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,
本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。
39. to考查固定短语。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹
亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语:be similar to,意为“和……相似”,符合句意。故填
to。
40. inspired考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十
分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词
“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
41. was built考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十
分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为
一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填
was built。
42. visibility考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客
们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名
度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
43. to find考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,
游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,
用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
44. Recalling考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来
斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被
表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分
词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
45. and考查连词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福
德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非
常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构,用
and连接。故填and。
语篇解读
语篇长度 209词
主旨概要 本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的
联系和共同点,并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德,且
说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。
语言知识
词汇默写 1. element 2. commemorate 3. contemporary - 4. Romeo and Juliet 5. statue 6. pavilion
词汇答案 1. element - 元素,要素
2. commemorate - 纪念,庆祝3. contemporary - 当代的,现代的
4. Romeo and Juliet - 罗密欧与朱丽叶(莎士比亚名剧)
5. statue - 雕像,塑像
6. pavilion - 亭子,凉亭
重点短语/句型 happen to do...
"Happen to do" 是一个常用的英语短语,用来表示某件事情是偶然发生的,或者某人
碰巧做了某件事情。这个短语通常用于描述非计划的或意外的事件。
如:
I happened to be at the store when they announced the sale.
She happened to mention the idea at the meeting, and it got everyone's attention.
I happened to meet an old friend while I was out shopping.
考点分布
有提示词 无提示词
年份 谓语动
非谓语动词 词性转换 代词 冠词 介词 从属连词 并列连词
词
2024 2 3 2 0 0 1 1 1
2023 1 1 4 0 1 1 1 1
2022 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 1
2021 1 2 3 1 1 0 1 1
2020 3 1 2 1 0 1 1 1
3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,
____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive
steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing
the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on
your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually
point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared
differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____40____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang
aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing
them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of
sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left
_____45_____ (want) more next time.
考点分析
出处 https://go.huanqiu.com/article/47WKN2seQi4
有提示词 无提示词
年份
谓语动词 非谓语动词 词性转换 代词 冠词 介词 从属连词 并列连词
2023 0 4 2 1 1 1 0 1
2022 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 12021 1 2 3 1 1 0 1 1
2020 3 1 2 1 0 1 1 1
参考答案:
36. tasty 37. to bite 38. or 39. recognized 40. by 41. to be lifted 42. their 43. a 44. rarely 45.
wanting
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包,讲述了小笼包美味,发源地以及制作方法等等。
36.tasty考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜
欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
37.to bite考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包
放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,
故填to bite。
38.or考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,
让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填or。
39.recognized考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小
镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词
recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
40.by考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而
不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填by。
41.to be lifted考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,
而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语
补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式 to be
lifted。故填to be lifted。
42.their考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕
裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
43.a考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍
许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
44.rarely考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。
修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
45.wanting考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想
下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,
I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
4.(2023·全国乙卷)
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61
royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its
carefully 62 (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern
life, with 21st-century architectural 64 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a
good combination. 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old andnew, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent
the last two years 68 (record) everything I discovered.
The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into
the modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing
for the next 50 years.
考点分析
项目 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年
文体 说明文 说明文 说明文 说明文
主题 中国无人月球探测器 介绍新兴生态旅游概 中国商会博物馆庆祝第一 北京古建筑保护与城市发
嫦娥四号发射的意义 念、起源及原则 个国际茶日 展完美融合
词类转换 2 2 1 1
时态语态 3 1 1 2
非谓语 1 2 3 3
介词 1 1 1 1
冠词 0 1 1
连词 1 1 1 2
形容词 1 1 1 1
代词 1 1 1
【答案】
61. to 62. built 63. which##that 64. wonders 65. but 66. Having visited 67. was amazed 68. recording 69. remarkable 70.
means
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合,同时探讨了城
市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师,记录了这座城市的变化,并表示将来还会继
续拍摄北京的风貌。
61.考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有 3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的
布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,
空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用介词to。故填to。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是 3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使
是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造
的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
63.考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹
与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系
代词which或that引导。故填which/that。64.考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过
去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处
为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
65.考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual
contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存
在转折关系,用but。故填but。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何
在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据
时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母
大写。故填Having visited。
67.考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何
在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a
rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以
用被动语态。故填was amazed。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时
间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。
69.考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有
新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词
“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
70.考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东
西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般
现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
5.【2023年1月·浙江卷】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____56____ arranged the residential areas
according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____57____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first
during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the
Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved
and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____61____ (space)homes and
walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and
____62____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____63____
capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ____64____ (event). In
contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of
Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【答案】
56.and 57.originally 58.surrounded 59.were permitted 60.featured 61.spacious 62.simpler 63.
as 64.events 65.the
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
56.考查连词。句意:在中国的朝代时期,皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知,planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
57.考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需
要填副词形式。故填originally。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was
是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过
去分词形式。故填surrounded。
59.考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格
处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。
故填were permitted。
60.考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱
子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填
featured。
61.考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作
定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
62.考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。
根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
63.考查介词。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟
历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as是介词意为“作为”,符合句意。故填as。
64.考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些
还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,应用复数形式。
故填events。
65.考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北
京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠
词the修饰。故填the。
6.(2022·全国高考乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations on
November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___42___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum
in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main
promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a
___45___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to
build a community with a ___46___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people
working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___47___ cultural exchanges. A four-
year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
___48___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional
activities on social media, ___49___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours
of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____50____ (it)first
exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.【答案】41. by 42. the 43. addressed 44. largest 45. responsibility 46. shared 47. and
48. To strengthen 49. inviting 50. its
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
41. by考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处
表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
42. the考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指
International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
43. addressed考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填
addressed。
44. largest考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任
与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级
形式。故填largest。
45. responsibility考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与
其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
46. shared考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。
非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
47. and考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合
作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
48. To strengthen考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活
动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与
年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
49. inviting考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀
请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event与
invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
50. its考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专
题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
7.(2021·英语全国甲卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 41 . (build) originally to
protect the city 42 . the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 43 . (walk) or bike
the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people
moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 44 . (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some
action and what 45 . (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 46 . (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 47 . did the job. It
took us about 3 hours to go all 48 . way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we
stopped at the different gates and 49 . (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their
50 . (day) routines.
【答案】41.was built42.in43.to walk44.spending45.better46.hired47.but48.the49.watchtowers50.daily
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。41.考查被动语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格
处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可
知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。
42.考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知,表示“在
某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
43.考查动词不定式。句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在
历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”,it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作
真正主语。故填to walk。
44.考查动名词。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,
还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处After为介词,故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故
填spending。
45.考查形容词比较级。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行
动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连(介)词than可知,此处应用形容词good的比较级。故
填better。
46.考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此
处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
47.考查连词。句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and
shaky之间存在转折关系,故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
48.考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the
way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
49.考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是
看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,
应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
50.考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看
当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。
8.(2020·全国新课标II)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61 . (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why
decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 . (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63 . (come) back
to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 . decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs
and you see them many times 65 . (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 .
(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67 . health, abundance and a happy
home. They are easy 68 . (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 . (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make
fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70 . first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the
promise of spring and a renewal of life.202
【答案】61.celebration62.carries63.coming64.than65.decorated66.Certainly67.with68.to care69.beautiful70.the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
61.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填
celebration。
62.考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从
句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这
里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
64.考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前
句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66.考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副
词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67.考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填
with。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to
care。
69.考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。
故填beautiful。
70.考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。
故填the。
9.(2016·全国新课标III)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is
usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal.
Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese
characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,
44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food
into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,
influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and
49 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their
hands.
【答案】41. and42. be made43. to create44. using45. as/when46. gradually47. who48. development
49. were50. with
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了亚洲一些国家中的吃饭工具筷子。
41. and考查并列连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家,它们是并列关系,故填and。42.be made考查固定词组。sth be made of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属。…某物由......制成,情态
动词后跟动词原形,故填be made。
43. to create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来,以创造出特殊
风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的,故填to create。
44.using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物,用树枝把锅移开,use的逻辑主语是people,两
者是主动关系,用现在分词表示伴随状况,故填using。
45.as/when考查时间状语从句。句意:随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切成小块,这样可以煮得快一点,这里
是时间状语从句,when意为“当……时候”,后跟长动作或短动作,故填as/when。
46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词,这里修饰动词短语turned into,应该用副词,故填gradually。
47. who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号,说明是非限制性定语从句,先行词是Confucius孔子,定语从句
缺少主语,且指人,故填who。
48.development 考查词性转换。the+名词+of,意为“……的……”,这里指“筷子的发展”,故填
development。
49. were考查时态。根据句意可知,这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用,believed后跟一个宾语从
句,and连接了两个并列的谓语,主语knives是复数,根据时态一致的原则,这里用一般过去时,故填were。
50. with考查介词。句意:在印度,大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法--用手拿,with+表示具体工具的名词,
故填with。
人物故事类
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the
person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been
helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. And who do
they speak English ___58___?
Not the pandas, even though ___59___ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They
talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the
pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with
international journalists. This is ___62___ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda
programme develop ___64___ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a
zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
有提示词 无提示词
年份 谓语动
非谓语动词 词性转换 代词 冠词 介词 从属连词 并列连词
词
2023 1 1 4 0 1 1 1 1
2022 2 2 2 0 1 0 2 1
2021 1 2 3 1 1 0 1 1
2020 3 1 2 1 0 1 1 1
全文大意每当我告诉人们我在柏林动物园教英语,几乎总会得到疑惑的表情。在这背后,这个人在试图弄清楚
我到底是教谁……动物吗?
自2017年6月,也就是两只新熊猫“梦梦”和“娇庆”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养
员们更加自然和自信地说英语。他们用英语交流的对象是谁呢?
并不是熊猫,尽管医疗训练指令所使用的语言的确是英语。他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客交谈,与前来
查看从中国借来的熊猫的中国饲养员交谈。他们还需要准备用英语接受国际记者的采访。这就是为什么他
们需要一位英语教练。
那么,他们在学什么呢?基本上是如何描述熊猫的生活。看着熊猫项目的发展并看到熊猫们在新家中
安顿下来,这是一种荣幸。当我还是个小女孩的时候,我梦想长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。现在,通过
帮助熊猫饲养员们用英语完成工作,我间接地实现了那个梦想。
【答案】56. arrival57. confident58. with 59. the60. visiting61. interviews62. why 63. Basically
64. and 65. wished
【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语。
56.考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园
的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介
词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
57.考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物
园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的 comfortable并列,作并列表语,应
用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
58.考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,根据句意此处强调双向交流,应用固定搭配:speak
with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
59.考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于
医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
60.考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中
国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit 对应的形容词为
visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
61.考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以
空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。
62.考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结
构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”
之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
63.考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修
饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
64.考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,“to
watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,应该用and连
接。故填and。
65.考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少
谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
2.(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floorapartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the
___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be
OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at
work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up
___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a
few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He
quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】36.falling37.The38.asleep39.to see40.accidentally41.and42.was fixing43.threw44.son's45.how
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上,即将要掉下来的小孩Eric
的故事。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的
栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall
为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。
故填falling。
37.考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown
family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该
大写。故填The。
38.考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。
sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故
填asleep。
39.考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到
阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看
他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
40.考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写
副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失
误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
41.考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应
该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
42.考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的
when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。
fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
43.考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started
构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。
44.考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
45.考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结
构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
3.(2022·全国甲卷)
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___ 6 1___ (journey) the
Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___ 6 2___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car
accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International
Cooperation ___ 6 3___ (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk
Road. ___ 6 4___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___ 6 5___ (protect). Cao
believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___ 6 6___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic
bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years, Cao ___ 6 7___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top
of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___ 6 8___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers
___ 6 9___ Xi’an to Kashgar on sept. 20, ___ 7 0___ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的故事。
61. to journey考查不定式作定语。近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的
第一步。此处journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
62. who考查非限制性定语从句。在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40
个城市和县。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语。故填who。
63. held考查过去分词。受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的鼓舞,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以
向古代丝绸之路致敬。此处the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation与hold之间为被动关系,用过去分
词,作后置定语。故填held。
64. A考查冠词。他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,
用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,用a,注意首字母大写。故填A。
65. protection考查词形转换。曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental
可知,此处用名词protection,作宾语。故填protection。
66. meaningful考查词形转换。曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,用形容词
meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
67. has walked考查动词时态。在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山
顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填has walked。
68. highest 考查形容词最高级。在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山
顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。
故填highest。
69. from考查介词。9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意可
知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
70. planning考查现在分词。9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。此处
plan与主语He之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词,表主动。故填planning。4.(2020·全国新课标III)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In ancient China lived an artist. 61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62
(fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. 63 (choose), but when he presented his
masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River~
perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the
river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river. The next morning
he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river
he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and
mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds. 69 (surround)
the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth,
Mother Nature.227
【答案】61.whose62.finest63.be chosen64.curiosity65.When/As66.pointed67.to find68.gently69.surrounding70.On
【文章大意】
这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江
旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是
大自然母亲。
61.考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist,且先行
词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
62.考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作
品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级 finest。故
填finest。
63.考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中
主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
64..考查名词。句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇
心”。故填curiosity。
65.考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本
句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用
when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
66.考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。
根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
67.考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某
事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
68.
考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副
词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,
the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
70.考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所羞辱。结合句意表示“在世界
上”短语为on earth。故填on。
5.(2019·全国II)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still
working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___
she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer
nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire)
from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my
family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who
nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call
___68___ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were
blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【答案】61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have made
67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了一位90岁的英国女士Irene Astbury,因为仍然坚持每周上班,获得年度
“年度女性奖”称号的故事。本文以积极工作为切入点,宣传劳动精神,引导考生培养劳动意识。
61. being考查非谓语动词。分析空格前面介词for,后面要求使用v-ing的形式,作介词的宾语,故填being。
62. which考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子中的the pet shop是真正的先行词,指物,空格后面的句子中opened缺
少宾语,故填which引导非限制性定语从句。
63. finally 考查副词。分析have 63 (final)been acknowledged语境可知,此处是副词修饰动词,作状语, 故
填finally。
64. declared 考查时态。分析本句的结构,缺少谓语,同时结合后面的句子中的 had可知,使用一般过去时。填
declared。
65. to retire考查非谓语动词。根据语境,表示她宣布她现在还没有要退休的计划。此处使用不定式作plan的后置
定语。
66. have made考查时态。结合空格后面的时间状语over the years可知,在过去的多年里,她结交的朋友们,因此
说明已经做完的事情,故使用现在完成时。填have made。
67. but考查连词。与前面的句子 I work not because I have to 中的not构成一个固定结构,not…but…不是……而
是……,故填but。
68. saying考查非谓语动词。分析say与前面的call之间的关系可知,它们构成了主谓关系,填saying,作后置定语,
修饰前面的call。
69. a 考查冠词。根据前面We don't have any idea who put grandma forward我们不知道谁提名了祖母,以及she was
short-listed接到电话说她入围了,开始我们以为这是一个玩笑,a joke一个玩笑,故填a。
70. wonderful考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。根据前面的We are so proud of her.我们为她感到骄傲和自豪,分析本
句空格前面是系动词is,后面跟形容词作表语,故填wonderful。
6.(2019·全国III)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house,it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs,seven to be exact. They were well trained by their
masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and
other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
___66___(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories
about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay,we
___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,___70___ (listen)to
musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65. recommended 66. competition 67. traditional
68. hugely 69. were 70. listening
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在旅游时所居住的那家主人对他们的热情款待,传递了友善和和谐
的情感。
61. so考查固定句型。分析结构可知,此处是结果状语从句,修饰副词hard应该填so。“so …that”句型,表示
“如此……以至于”。
62. to get考查非谓语动词。根据结构判断此处是句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”,意思是“做某事花费某人
多长时间”。
63. of 考查介词。固定短语:a pack of 意为“一群”。句意:首先欢迎我们的是一群狗的叫声,确切地说是七只
狗。
64. who 考查定语从句。分析结构可知,masters是先行词,后面是定语从句。从句中缺少主语,判断用关系代词。
又因为指代表示“人”的名词masters,所以填who。
65. recommended 考查动词时态。 从结构可知and连接两个并列谓语动词,所以判断空格处所填的词应该和shared
一致,故填 recommended。
66. competition 考查词性转换。形容词interesting应该修饰名词,而且空前有不定冠词an,故填单数名词
competition。
67. traditional 考查词性转换空格处于名词stories前,判断应该用形容词作定语。故填traditional。
68. hugely 考查词性转换。空格在句中位于形容词前,所以判断用副词作状语。故填hugely。
69. were invited 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境判断句子是讲述过去发生的事情,句中需用一般过去时;而且主
语we和动词invite之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动形式。故填were invited。
70. listening 考查非谓语动词。分析结构可知,逗号后是非谓语短语作状语,而逻辑主语we和动词listen之间是主
动关系,判断用现在分词。故填listening。
7.(2018·全国III)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of
nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the
gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male
appears. He screams the
___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower
myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching
___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues andI were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's
unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and
here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
【答案】61. which 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged 66. scientist
67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此惊恐的经历。
61. 考查宾语从句。句意:我不确定哪一个更害怕,我,还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格
处表示选择,所以用which表示“哪一个”
62. 考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. 考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知,他声音最大,所以用最高级loudest。
64. 考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65. 考查非谓语。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词,表示
“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged。
66. 考查名词。根据语境可知,我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
67. 考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配,表示“寻找”,表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低
地大猩猩。
68. 考查代词。此处做find 的宾语,所以用宾格them。
69. 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知,本句缺少谓语,再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时,所以用
meant。
70. 考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事,应该用to stay。
8.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her
new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm 61.________ (rest). Instead, she
is earning £6,500 a day as 62.________ model in New York.
Sarah 63.________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her
father Peter, 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with
top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her
66.________ (educate).
She has turned down several 67.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After
school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree 68.________ engineering or
architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69.________ (come) first. I don't
want to get too absorbed in modelling. It is 70.________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have
nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”
【解析】 文章介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉,她不仅学习成绩好,长得漂亮,而且是一名收入不菲的时装
模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业,但是她以学业为重,坚持学业和工作两不误。
61. resting 考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式,意为“花……做某事”。
62. a 考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知,萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个,是泛指;而且model的第一个音素是辅
音音素,故用不定冠词a。63. has been told/was told 考查动词的时态和语态。 tell后接双宾语, 因此可判断此句用被动语态;再根据后面
句子的时态可判断用现在完成时或一般过去时。
64. who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空后面是一个定语从句,缺少连接词,代指先行词 Sarah, 在从句中
作主语,故填who。
65. to prove 考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配,故用动词不定式。
66. education 考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her,故用名词形式。
67. invitations 考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知,此处需要填名词,而且 invitation是可数名
词,前面有several修饰,故用复数形式。
68. in 考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配,意为“在……方面获得学位”。
69. comes 考查动词的时态。根据at the moment可知这个句子应用一般现在时,而且主语是单数,故用comes。
70. certainly 考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。
9.(2017·浙江卷6月考)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56.________
(carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57.________ (shine)
object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her longlost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58.________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt
59.________ (I),” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60.________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal. When she
wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—
had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every
corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was
spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For
Pahlsson, its return was 65.________ wonder.
【解析】 本文是一则小故事,主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在16年前丢失了结婚戒指,现在失而复得的故事。
56. carrots 考查名词。根据a handful of可知,应该有一把小胡萝卜,所以用carrot的复数形式。
57. shiny/shining 考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知,需用形容词作定语,故填shiny或shining。
58. so 考查状语从句。此处是“so…that…”结构,表示“如此……以至于……”。
59. myself 考查反身代词。根据语意可知,此处填I的反身代词,意为“她认为‘我’伤到了‘我’自己”,
故填myself。
60. earlier 考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”,故填earlier。
61. to cook 考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”,故填to cook。
62. searched 考查动词的时态。根据语意可知,他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房,故填searched。
63. swept 考查过去分词。此处是get done结构,表示被动,意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。
64. where 考查定语从句。此处先行词是the garden,在从句中充当地点状语,故填where。
65. a 考查冠词。此处a wonder表示“一个奇迹”,所以需要不定冠词a。
10.(2016·全国新课标I)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me,
pandas are its top____61_(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for
research, I_____62_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their
UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas
goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___
(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include
____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of
Bifengxia. 学科&网
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery
team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with
mum-she never suspects.
【答案】
61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its
69. days 70. the
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。
61. attraction 考查名词。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。
62. was allowed考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物, be allowed to do sth“被允许做某
事”。
63. officially考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。
64. to 考查介词。固定短语:go back to “回到”。
65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句,从句缺少状语,因为先行词是时间,故填when。
66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系,用过去分词。
67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。
68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词,故填its。
69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。
【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括:many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词
的词和短语包括:much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括:more ,
such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。
70. the考查冠词。固定短语:one …the other“一个……另一个”。
11.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I 61.________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours
62.________, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh,
even with the rain.
I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li
River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for
Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown
city.
Yangshuo 67.________(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor
names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend
destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges
quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到阳朔游玩的经历和感受。
61.arrived 考查动词的时态。天亮之前“我”到了阳朔,当时天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过
去时。
62.before/earlier 考查副词的用法。几个小时前,“我”在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。
63.its 考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前,“我”在香港的家里,呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名
词,故用its。
64.that/which 考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句,先行词为Li River,在从句中
作主语。
65.paintings 考查名词的复数形式。漓江被画在如此多的中国绘画中。painting为可数名词,注意用复数
形式。
66.by 乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。
67.is 考查动词的正确形式。此句缺少谓语动词,根据句意和后句的时态,可知此处用一般现在时。阳朔
真的很漂亮。
68.conducted 考查过去分词作定语。这里表示一家网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语表示被动关
系。
69.regularly 考查副词的用法。该旅游公司定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。这里用副词修饰动词。
70.living 考查现在分词作定语。这里指住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语表示主动关系。
12.(2015·广东卷)
Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned __16__ farm, which looked almost abandoned.
__17__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns
nearby __18__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __19__ (leave). The cow was their only
means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass __20__ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to
run away, she __21__ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living __22__ the cow. In order to
support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting
down trees __23__ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came
around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __24__ people from the towns met regularly. Now
it occurred to __25__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是约翰逊先生一家靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活,但是一次意外奶
牛死了,约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法维持生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜,一边砍树去集上卖木头。最终丰收来临,
他将药草和蔬菜卖给镇上的人。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候,又给他打开了另一扇门。
16. a 考查冠词。名词farm第一次出现,表示泛指,故填a。
17. Luckily 考查副词。用副词修饰整个句子。
18. for 考查介词。根据句中的exchange可知,用介词for。exchange for交换,兑换。
19. was left 考查动词的时态和语态。文章中的时态都是用的过去时,what与leave是被动关系,故用一般
过去时的被动语态。
20. when 考查连词。根据“…the cow was eating grass…it began to rain heavily.”可知,本句中一个动作发生,
另一个动作正在进行,用连词when。
21. fell 考查动词的时态。根据句中的died可知用一般过去时。
22. without 考查介词。根据上文的“…she…over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living…”可
知,没有了奶牛,约翰逊一家不得不另想办法谋生。
23. to sell 考查非谓语动词。砍树的目的是卖木头。不定式作目的状语。24. where 考查定语从句的连接词。句中的 in the market是先行词,在定语从句中作地点状语,故用引导词
where。
25. him考查代词。It occurred to sb that…某人突然想到……。这是一个固定的句型,因为这篇短文讲述的是约
翰逊先生的故事,故填him。
自然风光(文化遗产)
1.(2024·全国甲卷)
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 (catch)
our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 42 (treasure)of American heritage(遗产).
How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a
campfire along the Firehole River in 43 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 44 (be)part of a 15-
member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 45 (do)with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 46
(it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a
national park. They all agreed and vowed(承诺)to promote the idea at the 48 (complete)of their journey.
Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first
national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—
2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 50 became a national monument in 1978,
took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】
41.to catch 42.treasures 43.what 44.were 45.be done 46.its 47.for 48.
completion 49.largest 50.which
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来,即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区,决定好
好保护它以供后人欣赏并为此做出了许多努力。
41.考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园,但特别是国家公园,由于其规模大、
种类多,往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配:tend to do sth.,表示“倾向于做某事”,不定式作宾语,故填to
catch。
42.考查名词。句意:它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合前文they are,应用复数
形式,故填treasures。
43.考查宾语从句。句意:1870年9月中旬,在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚,四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松,
这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺主语,指物,主语用what引导宾语从句,作介词in
的宾语,故填what。
44.考查时态。句意:他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分,他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然
美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年,同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知,本空
时态为过去式且为复数形式,故填were。
45.考查被动语态。句意:对于这样一个美丽的地方,我们应该做些什么呢?主语what指物,与谓语动词do是被
动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。
46.考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的
人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
47.考查介词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的
人都能享受。介词for表目的,表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。48.考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作宾
语,complete名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。
49.考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑
的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有
the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980
年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。
50.考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,从句中作主语,指物,
引导非限制性定语从句用which,故填which。
语篇解读
主旨概要 本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来,即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风
景区,决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏并为此做出了许多努力。
核心价值取向 人与自然的和谐相处
语言知识
词汇学习 1.heritage n. 遗产;传统
2.campfire n. 营火,篝火
3.awesome adj. 令人惊叹的;令人敬畏的;很困难的;很好的
4. witness n. 目击者;见证人 v. 出席;见证
5.beauties n. 美( beauty的名词复数 );美人;好处;极好的榜样
6.unique adj. 唯一的;独特的;特有的
7.preserve v. 保存
8.promote v. 促进;促销;晋升;使…升级
9.monument n. 纪念碑;历史遗迹;丰碑
词形转换 1. various adj. 各种各样的;千差万别的→variety n. 多种多样;多样化;种类
2. star n. 星;星状物;星级→starry adj. 布满星星的
3. nature n. 自然;天性;天理;类型→natural adj. 自然的;意料之中的;出于本性的;天
赋的;轻松自如的
4.promotion n. 促进,增进;提升,升级→promotional adj. 促销的;增进的
重点短语 1.at any level在任何层次上
2.come about发生;产生
3.pay off取得成功
长难句分析 Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint
Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a
national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【翻译】黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园——220万英亩,直到阿拉斯加南部的朗格尔-圣
伊莱亚斯,1978年成为国家公园的丰碑,1980年以1230万英亩的土地成为国家公园。
【分析】此处until连接时间状语从句,时间状语从句中有which引导的定语从句。
2.(2021·浙江6月)
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,
Illinois, 56 (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57 $1,200 and
some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 (marry)ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 59 (small)than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 60
(paint)white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61
(she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they
never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63
(plant)flowers in the front yard.
64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of
the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65
(sell)most of their furniture.
考点统计
给提示词(7个) 无提示词(3个)
考点
名词 谓语动词 形容词 代词 非谓语动词 冠词 介词 连词
题数 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
语篇解读
主题语境 人与社会---文化遗产
语篇大意 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了林肯之家国家历史遗址的详细情况。
背景知识 亚伯拉罕·林肯,美国政治家、战略家、第16任总统。林肯在任期间主导废除了美国黑人
奴隶制。1860年l1月6日,林肯当选美国总统。1864年11月8日,林肯再次当选为美国
总统。1865年4月14日,林肯被暗杀,次日上午去世,年仅56岁。
重点单词 plantation种植园,大农场;irresistible无法抗拒的;.reflection 反映;enlarge v.扩大,扩展
高级短语 in good taste大方的,得体的;in perfect order井井有条;meet the needs of ....满足.....的需要
长难句分析 原文:lt doesn 't impress like George Washington 's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln 's
home in downtown Springfield, llinois,has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the
public.
分析︰本句为并列句。连词 but连接表示转折关系的并列分句,其中第二个分句中 since it
opened to the public为时间状语从句。
答案与解析:
56. has proved/has proven 考查动词的时态。根据后面的since it opened to the public可知,此处要用现在过去时,故
填 has proved/has proven。
57.for 考查介词。根据后面的$1,200可知,此处表示“花了1200美元钱买了它”。故填for。
58. marriage 考查名词。根据句意可知,此处要用名词 marriage 作ceremony的定语,表示“结婚典”。故填
marriage。
59. smaller 考查比较级。根据后面的than it is today可知,此处要用比较级。故填smallcr。
60.was painted 考查动词的时态和语态。根据第二段第一句中的When the house was built可知,此处描述的是房子
刚建成时的情况,故要用一般过去时,且 The little home与动词paint之间是被动关系。故填was painted。61 . herself 考查反身代词。根据句意可知,此处要用反身代词 herself。
62.neither 考查连词。根据后面的she nor her husband可知,此处为neither...nor...结构。故填neither。
63. to plant 考查动词不定式。此处表示经常过来种花。此处为目的状语,故填 to plant。
64.The 考查定冠词。根据后面的Lincolns可知,此处表示“林肯一家人”。故填 the。
65. sold 考查动词的时态。根据前面的After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house 可
知,此处要用一般过去时。故填sold。
3.(2021·全国新高考I卷)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. 56 . is so
breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top
will remind you how tiny we 57 . (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 . (undoubted) help you
get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 . (hot) the spring!
Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60 . (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 . (be) for the people then to
put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole
adventure 62 . offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 . (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It
sure does in 64 . (I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 . must to visit!
【答案56.What57.humans58.undoubtedly59.hotter60.astonished61.was62.and63.aching
64.mine65.a
【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及台阶。
56.考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用
what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
57.考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human
是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
58.考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填
undoubtedly。
59.考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比
较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
60.考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明
宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
61.考查一般过去时。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,
“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,
不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
62.考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个
你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为
并列关系,都是作it的谓语,故用并列连词and。
63.考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一
个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
64.考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。
对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,
本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
65.考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事
物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填
a。
4.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries,
36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home
until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans
Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s
collection 41 (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play
with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 (they) living at a different time in history or 43
(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the
sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums
must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school
groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】
36.wealthy 37.or 38.formed 39.which/that 40.are called 41.is 42.themselves
43.walking 44.accuracy 45.for
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
36.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使
用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
37.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博
物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
38.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处
是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
39.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处
是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填
which/that。
40.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一
般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
41.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语
a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored
away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或
者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。43.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,
或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某
事”。故填walking。
44.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名
词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
45.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为:
“为了……竞争”。故填for。
5.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61.________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by
even 62.________ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe
dwellings admirable is their 63.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric
equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65.________(slow) during
cool nights,thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough
66.________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 67.________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle
68.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a
timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69.________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
70.________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
[解析]
文章大意:土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能很好地调节
室内的温度,不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。
61. built build与前面的the adobe dwellings构成动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。
62. the 空格后面的most是形容词最高级,故前面使用the。
63. ability 结合空格前面的形容词性物主代词their可知,后面要用able的名词形式。
64. using 结合空格前面的介词without,后面应该使用v.ing的形式。
65. slowly 根据空格前面的give out that heat和后面的during cool nights可知,这里使用副词修饰动词短语
give out。
66. to cool 结合空格前面的cold enough可知后面使用不定式形式,构成“be+adj. enough to do sth”的句型。
67. at 此处是一个固定词组。at the same time与此同时。
68. goes 此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去。The cycle的谓语动词用单数,且为一般现在时。
69. natural 结合空格后面的architects可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词,因此填natural。
70. how 根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词,因此填how,引导宾语从句,作figured out 的宾语。
环境保护类
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___36___ (cover)an
area about three times ___37___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the
country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected,
bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___39___ (increase)effectiveness and
reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___40___ (design)to reflect
the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biologicaldiversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___41___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future
generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___42___ (population)and homes of
giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in
the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species
___45___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】36. Covering 37. the 38. were 39. to increase 40. is designed 41. and 42. populations 43.
eventually 44. as 45. that
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
36. Covering考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首
字母大写。故填Covering。
37. the考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构
为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
38. were考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫
保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,
先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一
般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
39. to increase考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊
猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用
动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
40. is designed考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生
物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主
语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,
谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
41. and考查连词。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓
冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系,应用and。故填and。
42. populations考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数
的形式。故填populations。
43. eventually考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生
大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填
eventually。
44. as考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:
serve as (充当)。故填as。
45. that考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显
著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指
物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2.(2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
I've always loved the ocean. In the 36 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium inCalifornia. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 37 (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 38 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach
kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 39 used a lot of
plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I
found the contact information of the company 40 emailed its president. I told him how 41 (harm)
plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 42
(excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to
43 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 44 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching
over 45 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】
36.seventh 37.thinking 38.to educate 39.which/that 40.and 41.harmful 42.excited
43.was 44.representative 45.from
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
36.考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,
所以填seventh。
37.考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,
2 (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填
thinking。
38.考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构, 3 (educate) people
about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
39.考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑
料。分析句子结构, 4 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作
主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。
40.考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是
并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词,所以填and。
41.考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,
how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
42.考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式
的形容词,所以填excited。
43.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动
词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓
语动词用单数,所以填was。
44.考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句
子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
45.考查介词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth
to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
3.(2021·全国高考乙卷)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditionaltourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 . (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions
and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 . (develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 63 . (it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel
concept 64 . the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65 . growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 . trips are now
being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 67 . (visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 68 . (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 .
(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim 70 . (have) a low impact on the natural
environment.
【答案】61.educated62.development63.its64.until65.the66.of67.visiting68.financial
69.activities70.to have
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探
险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上,生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
61.考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特
色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated
about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
62.考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,
并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development
来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
63.考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知,此处形容词性物
主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
64.考查固定句型。句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示“直到
20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。
故填until。
65.考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析
句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可
知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
66.考查介词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。
various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”,所以空格处应填of。故填of。
67.考查动名词。句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动名词形式
来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
68.考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知,空格处应填形容词来修饰
名词aid,finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
69.考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词
range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
70.考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在,目的是”。故填to have。
4.(2019·全国I)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are
rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in
Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor)
studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are
expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___
(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are
increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___
nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine
lack enough data.
【答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported
66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【解析】 本文为科普类说明文。文章向我们介绍了目前北极熊的生存现状。近年来,在人类居住的地方看到北极
熊的次数有所增加,这导致人们错误地认为北极熊的数量在上升,可事实并非如此。
61. that 考查名词性从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解
释说明中心词evidence内容,故填that。
62. poorly 考查形容词副词。分析可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,意为“研究很少”。故
填poorly。
63. of/about 考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,methods of/for doing sth. 意
为“……的方法”。故填of/for。
64. to perform考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语(主语+be +adj. + to do) 。句意:
跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,且在如此大区域内持续采用是很昂贵的。故填 to
perform。
65. have reported 考查动词时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,句中需用现在完成时态。
故填have reported。
66. belief考查词性转换。由其前不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知,空格处需填名词形式。故填belief。
67. noting 考查非谓语动词。介词by后填动名词形式,此处表示主动故填noting。句意:对此,科学家们的回应是
饥饿的熊可能正聚集在人类聚居地的周围。note在此处为动词,意为“指出”。
68. higher 考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处需用形容词的比较级,故填higher。
69. the 考查定冠词。此处特指“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”。故填定冠词the。
70. are 考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,
故需用复数谓语,时态为一般现在时。故填are。
5.(2018·全国II)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___(grow)more corn than
rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs,
and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has
decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption.
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing
program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million
tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its
environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide."
says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than 66. pollution
67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认
识的认可。
61. 考查时态。since加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填
has grown。
62. 考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年
里。故填the。
63. 考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填
actually。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是
encourages,故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. 考查连词。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知,填比较连词。故填than。
66. 考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。has
decreased后跟名词作宾语,故填pollution。
67. 考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用形
容词修饰。故填global。
68. 考查谓语动词。句意:在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句,由于时间
是2005年,故用过去时。故填started。
69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句
子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
70. 考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制
定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状
语从句、条件状语从句、,让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,那么可以把主
语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
运动与健康
1.(2021·浙江1月)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people
worldwide are getting heavier 36 . that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 37 . gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy
weight. It is calculated by dividing a 38 . (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between19 and 25 39 . (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 40 . 2. 1 in women and men. In cities,
however, the gain 41 . (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography
of BMI. In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 42 . (study) had higher BMIs than
men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had
narrowed 43 . (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 44 . (live) in the countryside, including 45 . (low) levels of
income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】36.and37.that/which38.person’s39.is considered40.by41.was42.studied43.sharply44.living45.
lower
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是由于农村地区的体重指数
(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。
36.考查连词。句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重越
来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知,that people worldwide are getting heavier和
that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故填and。
37.考查定语从句关系代词。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析
句子结构可知,tool是先行词,且在从句中做主语,故填that/which。
38.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被
认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
39.考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间
被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和
consider是表被动关系,故填is considered。
40.考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示
“增加了”;increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故
填by。
41.考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,
句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地
区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,
表被动关系,故填studied。
43.考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是
要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
44.考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高
的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,
它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。
45.考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较
高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher
和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。
2.(2018·全国I)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. Youdon't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk
of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___
(be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made
a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and
early deaths from all ___67___(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can
run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.
Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the
same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.
【答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that \which 67. causes 68.
strengthen 69. energetic 70. it \running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61. 考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级,故填
longer。
62. 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填to
see。
63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词,其后用动名
词。故填dying。
64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,
故用一般现在时。故填is。
65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填
than。
66. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
67. 考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句
意用复数形式。故填causes。
68. 考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合,其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
69. 考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
70. 考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为:试试。此处it可以指running。故填it
或running。
3.(2018·浙江)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially
troublesome. Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how
cheap ___58___ can be to eat out. I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I
___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not
without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___62___(afford) but doing this most
days adds up. There could be an even ___63___ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct
link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___
dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on
your health but in your pocket.【答案】56. dishes 57. who/that 58. it 59. visiting 60. was shocked 61. have become 62.
affordable 63. higher 64. weight 65. for
【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象,分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响,建议我们在家做饭。
56. 考查名词。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。
57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是westerners指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代
词who/that引导,故填who/that。
58. 考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,
用it 是形式主语。故填it。
59. 考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示记得做过某事用remember doing
sth.,故填visiting。
60. 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构,表示过去发生
的事,系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时,seems to后用动词原形,故填have
become。
62. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的,系动词be后用形容词作表语,表示“负担得
起的”故填affordable。
63. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词,由even表示程度修饰比较级,故填higher。
64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词修饰problems,故填weight。
65. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭,表示目的用介词for,故填for。
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was
started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side
62.________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover
from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64.________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as
if it is missing something. As 65.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
Even 66.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67.________ (be) full of fat and
salt; by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the
taste of your food. However, be 69.________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of
both, 70.________ is not good for the health.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分,人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康
来说是必不可少的,但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分,自身的健康将会受到损害。
61. as 考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”,故填as。
62. effects 考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”,根据前文的 some可知副
作用有很多,故填effects。
63. to process 考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。 require表示“要求”, require to do sth表示“要
求做某事”,被动形式为be required to do sth,表示“被要求做某事”。故填to process。
64. are removed 考查被动语态。此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。分析可知 fat,salt和remove之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉,所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。结果是,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填
a。
66. worse 考查比较级。更糟糕的是,人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
67. is 考查主谓一致。fast food的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填
is。
68. eating 考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
69. careful 考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语,故填careful。
70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句,先行
词为前文中的to have too much of both,即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
5.(2016·全国新课标II)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41
(great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving
the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try
to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon
and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your
body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could
be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather
than another thing to worry about.
【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as 46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50.
make
【解析】本文属于说明,告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候,应该怎么做来合理释放压力。
41.greater 考查比较级。本空所填之词和比较级less是并列关系,使用相同的比较级形式greater。
42.achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of,横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。句意:首先处理重
要的事情,那么你会有成就感。
43.is 考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中单个动名词短语“Leaving.....tomorrow”在句中做主语,谓语动词使用单数
形式,所以使用is。
44.on 考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....;很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集
中。
45.as 考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样;正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中,所以我们要早起,要和午饭
之前一样的高效率。
46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show,说明主语是复数名词studies。
47.regularly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词,形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名
词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
48.a 考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会;本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情,让你的身体和思维休
息一会。
49.to bring 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事;你就不太可能把工作带回家去做,因为你
找到了你喜欢做的事情。50.make 考查祈使句。本句中动词短语make sure放在句首,构成祈使句。句意:要保证它是让你释放压力,而不
是让你担忧的事。
科技发展
1.(2020·全国新课标I)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe
(探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 . (touch) down last week in the South Pole-
Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 . (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio
communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 . it could send signals
to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 . (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of
deep craters (环形山), more so 65 . the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard
Chang’e-4 66 . (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a
scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67 . (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the
moon 68 . (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 . ice and other treasures it contains, could
help China decide whether 70 . (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.201
【答案】61.touched62.extremely63.where64.interest65.than66.to find67.means68.is constructed
69.much70.its
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测
器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61.考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特
肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
62.考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副词形
式,故填extremely。
63.考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航
天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地
点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
64.考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空处应填名词,interest
是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65.考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词
than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示
目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它
意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现
在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
68.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the
moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is
constructed。
69.考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基
地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
70.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。2.(2020·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 36
(begin)computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing
houses continue to develop 37 (education)computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological
know-how has become a 38 (require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become
a common tool in most 39 (profession)
The Digital World is a set of volumes 40 aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help
readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 41
wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 42 discusses the
influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 43 (be)practically limitless, we
focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
Readers 44 (encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 45 (we)
Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】
36.to begin 37.educational 38.requirement 39.professions 40.that/which 41.a 42.and
43.is 44.are encouraged 45.our
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这
些都很常见。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结构,该结构it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故填to
begin。
37.考查形容词。句意:与此同时,电脑游戏越来越受欢迎,主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。修
饰名词computer programs,前用形容词形式。故填educational。
38.考查名词。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成
为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式。故填
requirement。
39.考查名词的数。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机
已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故填
professions。
40.考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质
及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故
填that/which。
41.考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对
日常生活的影响。a range of 一套;一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
42.考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对
日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系,所以用连词and。故填and。
43.考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工
具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。
根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填is。
44.考查语态。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与
encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。45.考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further
Resources section,前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
其他类
1.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one,
buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to
carry home 57 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 58 will make them the most money. If most
of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 59 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独)
customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that
they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of
sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage
fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some
supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing
separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of
“just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【答案】
56.to benefit 57.or 58.that/which 59.what 60.criticism 61.be offered 62.have started
63.designed 64.the 65.ones
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
56.考查动词不定式。句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying
extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to
benefit。
57.考查固定句式。句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜,就不能用了。either...or...意
为“要么……要么……”,为固定句式,所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
58.考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主
语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
59.考查名词性从句。句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语,
且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
60.考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据
“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
61.考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装
出售,那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动
词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
62.考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。
根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
63.考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分
词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
64.考查冠词。句意:然后,当你使用其中一部分时,另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”,为固定搭配,
所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
65.考查代词。句意:谁知道呢,也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸,并提供特
别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”,在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
2.(2023·全国甲卷)
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were
part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B.
C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at
children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is
surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple
style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of
the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their
environment.
The themes of taditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more
weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed
down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
考点分析
有提示词 无提示词
谓语动词 非谓语动词 词性转换 代词 数 形 冠 介词 从属连词 并列连词
词 容 词
词
年份
比
较
等
级
2023 1 3 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0
2022 1 3 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
2021 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
参考答案:
41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended 47. Different
48. for 49. warning 50. be employed
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
41. to teach考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此处表达
“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
42. sixth考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。
century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。43. as 考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
44. where 考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一
起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为 town,
在非限定性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
45. borrowing 考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的
环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语
动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填
borrowing。
46. intended考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for
打算为……所用,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
47. Different考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from
与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
48. for 考查介词。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility
for对……负责。故填for。
49. warning 考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词 weighty后接名词形式。根
据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
50. be employed考查语态。句意:卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式,已经代代相传,今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对
重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动
词原形。故填be employed。
3.(2020·浙江1月)
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in
1950 56 (be)30-today it is 41 and is expected 57 (increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 58 (number)are
more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65;by 2050, it
will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven 59 two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old
generations are large 60 (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 61
(old)than before. This is 62 (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born
in the US today has 63 very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 64 (place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't
just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier 65 more productive for
longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】
56.was 57.to increase 58.numbers 59.by 60.compared 61.older 62.particularly
63.a 64.be placed 65.and
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题,并分析了其产生的两个原因。
56.考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合
上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填
was。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填to increase。58.考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,2050年是53岁。
number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式,故填numbers。
59.考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故填by。
60.考查动词时态语态。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人
口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比;与某事相提并论”,故填compared。
61.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
62.考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
63.考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。
chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
64.考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且
should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
65.考查连词。句意:而且,平均而言,他们更健康,更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列短
语应用连词and,故填and。
4.(2019·浙江)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The
students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___
(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in
unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece
of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark
mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in
America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students
didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and
school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good
schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary
schools wear uniforms.
【答案】56. has/will have 57. the 58. that/which 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to
62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connections 65. traditional
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了穿校服的各种好处。
56. has/will have 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文通篇以一般现在时为主。分析句子结构可知,主语是
nobody,所以谓语动词用has。同时根据When引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时态可知,主句也可以用
一般将来时will have。
57. the 考查冠词。 根据same可知,前面一定用the,表示“同样的衣服样式”。
58. that/which 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是定语从句,先行词为 a piece of cloth,且定语从
句中缺少主语,故填关系代词that/which。
59.cycling 考查非谓语动词。 根据上文 walking和or可知,此处需要与 walking结构一致的现在分词,故填
cycling。
60. easily 考查副词。 根据句中can see them可知,需要easy的副词形式来修饰动词,故填easily。 【易错点
拨】注意easy的副词是easily,而不是easely或写成easyly。61. to 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处是the answer to the question结构,表示“问题的答案”,故用介词
to。
62. improved 考查谓语动词。 根据空前的谓语动词found可知,此处that引导的是宾语从句,而从句中缺少谓语
动词,同时根据found可知,时态是过去时态,故填improved。【易错点拨】注意improved表示“提高、改进”,
此处是主动形式,而不要写成were improved。
63. to wear 考查非谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知,此处为不定式作want后面的宾语,故用to wear。【知识拓
展】非谓语动词作状语时,doing通常表示与主语同时发生且是主动关系;done表示与主语之间是被动关系;
having done表示该动作先于主句的动作发生且与主语之间是主动关系;to do通常表示目的。
64. connection/connections 考查名词。 根据no可知,后面需要connect的名词形式,语意表示“联系、连接”,
故填connection/connections。
65. traditional 考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知,空处作are后面的表语,所以需要tradition的形容词形式
traditional,表示“传统的”。
5. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres
and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work. It
took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.________
(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was
replaced.
Steam engines 65.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________ (fair) unpleasant for the
passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,
more than 25,000 people were using 67.________ every day.
Later, engineers 68.________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known
as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.
The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had
whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
[解析]
61. crowds 考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多,导致路面交通拥堵,于是修建地铁。用 crowds这一复数形式,表示不
断涌现的人群,用来形容人口稠密。
62. from 考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
63. laying 考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大,若
考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。
64. the 考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。
65. were used 考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力。
66. fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词。
67. it 考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。
68. managed 考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。
69. introduction 考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语,意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of,故只
能用introduction。
70. successful 考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用,相当于名词,由于该词后有介词of结构,故只能用形容词。6.(2016·四川)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 42 (recent) had a chance to study a
wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to
find something 44 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it
clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.The mother held the baby
in her front paws much the way a human does. 46 it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting
pats,The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed
48 (it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half
years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the
young panda to be independent.
【答案】41.is loved 42.recently 43.caring/careful 44.to eat 45.enemies
46.When/If 47.for 48.its 49.drove 50.and
【解析】本文讲的是妈妈熊猫和她的孩子的故事。
41.is loved 句意:大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态,The giant panda是单数第
三人称形式,故填is loved。
42.recently 副词修饰动词,故填recently。
43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语,放在名词前面,故填caring/careful。
44.to eat 句意:甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语,故填to eat。
45.enemies 句意:任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个,应该用复数形式,故填
enemies。
46.When/If 句意:如果或当它哭的时候,她会前后摇动。故填When/If。
47.for 句意:妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间,故填for。
48.its 句意:小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故填its。
49.drove 句意:然后,两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态,故填drove。
50.and 句意:现在是她该有一个小宝宝的时间了,同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。此处表示并列,是一个并列
句,故填and。
04应试技巧
知识概览真题示例
考向1 考查非谓语动词
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the
stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】to bite
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包
放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,
故填to bite。
本题解题关键:首先要从整体识别whether...or...句型,意为:是……还是……,连接并列关系。根据后
文的or to put……可知,前文填to bite是并列关系。常用的这样的句型还有:not……until……;
not……but……;so……that……等。
2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will
actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南
翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词
recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of
the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不
会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足
语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故
填to be lifted。首先判断搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”,然后断定是主动还是被动。根据句意可知:它们
被从蒸笼篮中拿出来。故用被动式to be lifted。
4.(2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am
always left __________ (want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下
次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I
与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
考向2 考查动词的时态和语态
1.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out
that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般
过去时。
通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题:文中的As a little girl意为:当我还是个小女孩的时候。这
就是明显的过去的时间状语。故填wished。用一般过去时。
在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间, so
far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。
2.(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past
while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and
I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】means
【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,本句阐述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且句子主语the
remarkable development of this city为第三人称单数,故本空应填means。
3.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷)Citizens of higher social classes ________ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,
空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过
去时。故填were permitted。
4.(2023·1 月新高考浙江卷)The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often
________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁
和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。
故填featured。
5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging fromthe balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据
空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过
去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
通过“固定句式”解决时态问题:此处是be doing ...when ...结构,意为“正在做……,这时(突
然)……”;由平行的谓语动词heard可知,应用过去进行时。
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法,因此平时要多积累,并熟记一些常用
句式。
考向3 考查从句和并列句
1.(2024·1月浙江新高考卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home you can’t use what you’ve
bought while it’s still fresh.
【答案】or
【解析】考查固定句式。句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜,就不能用了。
either...or...意为“要么……要么……”,为固定句式,所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
从句子整体把握连词前后互动的连词选择是一个很重要的方法。前后互相照应:whether...or...;
either...or...;not...until...;not...but...;so...that...等。
2.(2024·1月浙江新高考卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way will make
them the most money.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺
少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
3.(2024·1月浙江新高考卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll
promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少
宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
考向4 考查词形转换
1.(2024·1月浙江新高考卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the
(criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
【答案】criticism
【解析】考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根
据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,
encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【答案】tasty【解析】考查词形转换。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最
喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the
steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ________ (they) contents.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会
撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
4.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy,.
【答案】rarely
【解析】考查词形转换。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次
再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
考向5 考查冠词、介词、名词复数
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with ________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and
delicious.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;
稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are
pressed ________ hand rather than rolled.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,
而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填by。
3.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give ______(interview) in English with international journalists.
This is why they need an English trainer.
【答案】interviews
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。interview为可数名词,本空前没有冠
词,故应用名词复数形式。
方法技巧
1.谓语动词的时态、语态
(1)通过“具体的时间状语”解决时态问题:在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over
the years, by+时间, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。
语法填空中运用时间状语判断时态是最常见的命题方式。
(2)通过“并列谓语动词”解决时态问题:当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能
有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,
谓语动词的时态要一致。
(3)通过“时态定义”解决时态问题:要求学生掌握常用9种时态的基本定义及用法范围,这是判断时态的根本。
(4)通过“固定句式”解决时态问题:掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法,因此平时要多积
累,并熟记一些常用句式。常用的句型:be doing ...when ...;no sooner...than...;hardly...when...等。
(5)通过“逻辑关系”解决语态问题:有时候做题时,我们对于时态问题比较关注,但往往忽略了语态,因此我
们可以采用“先语态、后时态”的方式。解决语态问题主要是根据谓语动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系,二者为主动关系用主动语态,是被动关系则用被动语态。
2. 非谓语动词
(1)“主动或进行”使用动词-ing形式:1.判断所填动词为非谓语动词后,若该动词表示“主动或进行”,则填
动词-ing形式。2.“主动或进行”的意义:表示与逻辑主语构成“主动”关系;表示与谓语动词相比,该动作
“正在进行”;表示“主动且进行”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
(2)“被动或完成”使用动词-ed形式:1.判断所填动词为非谓语动词后,若该动词表示“被动或完成”,则填
动词-ed形式。2.“被动或完成”的意义:表示与逻辑主语构成“被动”关系;表示与谓语动词相比,该动作
“已经完成”;表示“被动且完成”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
(3)动词不定式“未发生”:1.判断所填动词为非谓语动词后,若该动词与谓语动词相比较“尚未发生”,则
填其不定式形式。2.若该不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系,则使用不定式的一般式;若为被动形式,则使用
不定式的被动语态。3.常考查不定式作目的状语。
(4)介词后应使用动词-ing形式作宾语:记住常见的介词,如after,in,on,at及固定搭配中的介词,如insist on
doing,be devoted to doing等。
(5)熟记一些固定句式中的非谓语动词:be likely to do sth, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth, spend time (in)
doing sth, It is possible to do ..., aim to do, see+宾语+宾语补足语,be+adj.+to do sth, set out to do ..., be expected
to do等。
3. 从句及并列句
定语从句
确定是定语从句:空处无提示词,且空前的主句完整;空后的句子不完整,且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定
作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
定语从句的关键:
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或部分内容;代表整个主句时,which意为“这一点”。
④as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是 be seen, be known, be
reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
(2)寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间,地点,还是原因)。
①先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose;
②先行词指物:that/which/whose;
③表示时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分,确定关系词。
①缺少主语:that/which/who;
②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;
③缺少定语:whose;
④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
【温馨提示】1.that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况:
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时;
②引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)只用that不用which的情况:
①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时;
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时;
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2.which与as
关系词 which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活,可置于句首、句中,也可置于句末
无动词的 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如
搭配上
限制 see、hear、know、expect、remember等
意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样”
名词性从句
确定是名词性从句:空处无提示词,先确定主句的主谓结构,再确定空处和空后的内容在主句中充当主语、
宾语、表语或同位语。
名词性从句的关键:
1.分析句子成分
(1)从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语,用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever等。
(2)从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断),用连接副词where (表地点)、when (表时间)、how (表方式)、why (表原因)等。
(3)从句中不缺成分,句意缺少“是否”,用if/whether。
(4)从句中不缺成分且句子意义完整,用that。
2.结合句意和引导词的本义解题
有些引导词在句中有很鲜明的意义,如whether/if (是否)、whoever (无论谁)、whatever (无论什么)、because (因为)、
why (为什么)等。结合句意和语境,不难解决这类试题。
3.牢记what和that的区别
(1)that没有词义,且在从句中不作任何成分。
(2)what在从句中表示 “……的(东西)” (有时候可以不译),在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
【温馨提示】1.what与that
(1)that在名词性从句中具有“两无”“一不”特征——无意义、无成分,(除宾语从句外)不可省略。
that在名词性从句中没有意义,而且不充当句子成分。that引导宾语从句作及物动词的宾语时可省略;在引导主语
从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不可省略。
I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.
我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
(2)what在名词性从句中具有“两有”“一不”特征——有意义、有成分,不可省略。
what在引导名词性从句时,有一定的意义,一般可译为“……的东西/事情/话等”;what在从句中充当主语、宾语、
表语和定语,不可省略。
What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
2.whether与if
在引导名词性从句时,这两个连词常常通用。但是在下面情况下,一般用whether。(1)引导主语/表语/同位语从句时;
(2)引导的从句在介词后时;
(3)与or not直接连用时;
(4)与动词不定式连用时。
3.what与which
what与which在引导名词性从句时,既可以作主语、宾语,又可以作定语。但如果有明确的“范围”时,应
用which,而不用what。
状语从句
确定是状语从句:空处所在的句子作整个句子的状语时,应用状语从句的引导词。
状语从句的关键知识:
(1)连词before的意义及句型
It will be+一段时间+before ...“多久以后才……”;It won't be+一段时间+before ...“用不了多久
就……”。
(2)连词since的意义及句型
It is +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句=It has been +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句。
该固定句型意为“自从……以来,已经多长时间了”。
(3)whether ...or ...,疑问词+-ever,引导让步状语从句。
(4)where引导地点状语从句。
【温馨提示】1.when, while, as
(1)when, while, as三者都可以用来引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。
(2)在when和as引导的从句中,谓语动词既可以是延续性动词也可以是终止性动词,而在while引导的从句中,谓
语动词只能是延续性动词。
(3)三者中as引导时间状语从句时,表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生,常译为“(正当)……的时候”
“随着……”“一边……一边……”等。
2.so ...that ..., such ...that ...
(1)二者都可以引导结果状语从句。so 后中心词为形容词或副词, such后中心词为名词。
(2)若中心词之前有表示数量的many、much、little、few修饰时,只能用so。
并列连词
确定填并列连词:无提示词,空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等;而且相并列的成分之间
是并列、转折、选择或因果关系,应填并列连词。
并列连词的关键:
1.关系分析法:分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。
(2)表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。
(4)表示因果关系的有so、for等。
2.句型法(1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,如表示顺承用and,表示转折用or。
(2)when作并列连词的常用句型:
Sb be doing sth when ...
Sb be about to do sth when ...Sb had (just) done sth when ...
Hardly ...when ...
4. 词形转换、比较等级及名词的单复数
分析句子结构并确定所填词在句中所作的成分是解答词形转换题的关键。
1.填形容词或副词
(1)作定语修饰名词,作表语或补足语时常用形容词。
(2)修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或整个句子需用副词。
(3)所给词是形容词、副词,词性不需要变化时,根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定句意表示否定时,添加否定前缀
(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。
2.两种方法判定填名词
(1)根据所充当成分判断:①空处作主语或作及物动词或介词的宾语时,填名词;②作表语,表示主语是“什
么”时,填名词。
(2)根据空处位置判断:
①在“冠词(+形容词)”后填名词;
②在“冠词+ +of”结构中填名词;
③在形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词、形容词之后,填名词。
3.谓语或非谓语填动词
所给词是形容词或名词,空处在句中作谓语或非谓语动词,填动词;再根据具体语境,结合构词法,填写转
换后的正确的动词形式。
【温馨提示】词形转换类解题步骤
词形转换多以派生词变化为主,如:形容词与名词之间的相互转换,动词与形容词之间的相互转换,动词与
名词之间的相互转换等。
第一步:分析句子结构,确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。比如,修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整
个句子作状语时,用副词;作主语或宾语时,用名词;在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后,用名词。
第二步:根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。注意:有时不但要注意词形转换,而且还要根据语境
考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀;同时还要特别注意所填词的正确的拼写形式。
考查比较等级
提示词是形容词或副词,根据语境和句意,该词词性不变时,则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。
1.等级判定看标志
(1)题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时,用比较级。
(2)空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时,用最高级。
(3)空前有one of the, the+序数词等修饰词时,用最高级。
2.利用固定句型
(1)“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”,表示“越来越……”。
(3)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
3.利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有than等标志词,但暗含比较级或最高级,也需要用比较级或最高级。
【温馨提示】
考查形容词和副词的比较等级1.通过标志词than、比较等级的修饰语(修饰比较级程度的修饰语有much、a little、a bit、far、by far、a lot、
a great/good deal、rather、still;修饰最高级的修饰语有序数词、by far、nearly、almost等)或表示比较意义的语境,
判断要用比较级还是最高级。
2.熟练掌握一些固定结构中比较级或最高级的用法。
这就要求学生要准确理解语境,同时多积累常用比较级或最高级的固定形式。当然学生还要牢记比较级和最
高级的正确拼写。此外,要注意very、quite、so、too等不可用来修饰比较级。
3.分析句子结构,理清比较级和最高级。
(1)根据比较等级的句式判断,如果后面有than就用比较级。
(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than,而是根据语境判断出用比较级或最高级。
(3)表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构。
(4)表达在某个范围内“最……”,应用“the+形容词/副词的最高级+比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有
in、of、among等。
(5)当空前有the second/third ...、one of ...等词时,需填最高级。
考查名词的单复数
提示词是名词,分析句子成分后发现词性不需改变,则考虑名词的复数形式,同时注意不规则变化的情况。
1.利用名词前的修饰语,确定名词的单复数形式
(1)有these、those、some、many、all、both、a number of、several、hundreds of 等词修饰时,名词一般用复数
形式。
(2)名词前有one of、among 时,名词一般用复数形式。
(3)名词前有形容词different、various、separate等时,名词一般用复数形式。
2.利用谓语的数确定名词的数
所填名词作主语,且谓语动词是复数形式are、were、have等时,名词一般用复数形式。
【温馨提示】
语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格,以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的
名词形式。学生应注意以下几点:
1.注意名词前表示数量概念的修饰语和名词后的谓语等线索,判断名词的单复数形式。
2.熟悉、区别可数/不可数名词,尤其是同一个名词,在不同词义下可数与不可数的用法,如 work、
experience、possession等。
3.牢记永远不可数的名词有 fun、furniture、information、progress、advice、weather、equipment、
homework、luggage/baggage等。
4.熟悉名词所有格与名词作定语的区别:名词所有格表示名词之间的所有或所属关系;名词作定语用来修饰
另一个名词,表示材料、类别、用途等。
5.冠词、代词和介词
考查冠词
1.用a/an还是the
(1)用定冠词的情况:①特指某人或某事;②用在序数词及最高级前;③用在世界上独一无二的事物及某些专
有名词前;④用在西洋乐器名词前。
(2)用不定冠词的情况:①泛指一类人与物,表示概念“一”;②在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
2.根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词
(1)定冠词用在固定搭配中,如 at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make themost/best of、in the middle of、on the spot等。
(2)不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如catch a cold、have a fever、all of a sudden、as a matter of fact、as a result、
have a gift for、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a good knowledge of等。
(3)动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。
(4)抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考到的有surprise、
pleasure、comfort、danger、success、failure、beauty等。
冠词解题注意事项
1.注意在句中的位置
在语法填空题中,空后是名词或者“形容词+名词”,且空前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时,
很可能填冠词。
2.注意不定冠词a与an的区别
以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况:
(1)有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,该单词实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用 an, 如an hour、an honest
man。
(2)有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如a university、a European
country。
考查代词
当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人
或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
【温馨提示】
代词解题注意事项
1.通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,则用it;
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有
like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
2.理清范围,看清句式,确定不定代词
(1)两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
(2)三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选
用all;
(3)其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
3.通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
考查介词
1.介词多义看语境
(1)in表示情况、状态,意为“处在……中”;表示手段、形式、方式,意为“以,用”;表示服饰,意为
“穿着,戴着”;表示范围、领域,意为“在……方面”。
(2)with表示状态,意为“带有,具有”;表示手段、方法,意为“以,用”;表示关系,意为“和……在一
起”;表示伴随,意为“随着”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态,意为“被,由”;表示方式,意为“用,靠,凭借”;表示乘用交通工具,意为“乘坐,
驾驶”。
(4)for表示方向,意为“往,向”;表示对象、用途等,意为“为,给”;表示时间、距离、数量等,意为
“计,达”;表示原因,意为“因为,由于”。
(5)through表示位置,意为“穿过”;表示时间,意为“在整个期间,自始至终”;表示手段、媒介,意为
“以,凭借”。
2.依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配,如: remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”;rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配,如: by accident“偶然”;by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配,如:be curious about“对……感到好奇”;be proud of “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配,如:not ...until ...“直到……才……”;from ...to ...“从……到……”;between ...and
... “在……和……之间”。
【温馨提示】
高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格,即没有提示词,这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前,如at
night、on Sunday等;也可位于形容词之后,如be interested in、be good at等;还可位于不及物动词之后,如listen
to、arrive at、look for等。
1.分清几组常见的介词
(1)表示时间的in、on、at、for:
表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚
in
上等
on 表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等
at 表示某个时间点、时刻等
for “for+时间段”表示“长达……”
(2)表示时间的in和after:
in 表示“在……时间之内/之后”,所在的句子必须表示将来
after 表示“在……时间之后”,通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用(3)表示方位的through和across:
through 表示“从……的内部穿过”
across 表示“从……表面穿过”
(4)表示交通方式的by和on/in:
by 其后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词,名词前不加冠词
on/in 其后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语
(5)表示工具或手段的by、in、with:
by 指“靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……”,后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式
in 多用于表示语言、材料的名词前
with 多用于表示工具或身体部位的名词前
2.注意几个关键点
(1)及物动词后直接跟宾语时,无需再加介词。
(2)last、next等后跟名词表示时间时,无需加介词。
(3)不及物动词后跟宾语时,应加相应的介词。
(4)避免受汉语的影响。例如:“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help of,而不是under the help of。