热点话题04 传染病防治与公共卫生应急
一、主题解析
“传染病防治与公共卫生应急”这一主题在英语课程标准中是关于 “人与自我 —— 健康生活与安
全防护” 的核心子话题，同时隶属于 “人与社会 —— 公共服务与社会治理” 范畴。这一主题聚焦传
染病的传播机制、防控措施、公共卫生体系响应等关键内容，既涵盖艾滋病、新冠肺炎等具体疫病的专
业知识，也涉及个人防护、社区防控、全球公共卫生合作等实践维度。在高考阅读中，此类话题常以新
闻报道、科普说明文、公共卫生公告等形式呈现，考查考生对医学术语、防控政策、数据描述等内容的
理解与信息筛选能力。
二、句子积累
1. 阅读必备词块
（1）疫病基础术语
coronavirus 冠状病毒（2019-nCoV 2019 新型冠状
病毒）
viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 严重急性
呼吸综合征（非典）
incubation period 潜伏期
asymptomatic carrier 无症状携带者
super spreader 超级传播者
pathogenicity 致病性
transmissibility 传染性
morbidity 发病（率）
fatality rate 病死率
（2）传播机制相关
person-to-person transmission 人传人
droplet transmission 飞沫传播
contact transmission 接触传播
airborne transmission 空气传播
blood-borne transmission 血液传播
mother-to-child transmission 母婴传播
route of transmission 传染途径
chain of transmission 传播链
mobile source of infection 行走的传染源
cross-species transmission 跨物种传播
（3）防控核心措施
epidemic prevention and control 疫情防控
early detection and isolation 早发现、早隔离
self-quarantine 自我隔离
nucleic acid testing (NAT) 核酸检测
health screening 健康筛查
disinfection 消毒
话题资源
mask-wearing 佩戴口罩
hand hygiene 手卫生
cut off transmission channels 切断传播途径
combat the outbreak 抗击疫情
travel restrictions 旅行限制
build societal defense lines 构筑社会防线
disease outbreak response plan 疾病爆发应急预案
（4）医疗与数据术语
confirmed case 确诊病例
suspected case 疑似病例
severe case 重症病例
imported case 输入性病例
recovery rate 治愈率
mortality rate 死亡率
clinical data 临床数据
serodiagnosis 血清诊断
occupational exposure 职业暴露
nosocomial infection 院内感染
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 急性呼
吸窘迫综合征
（5）机构与政策术语
Public Health Emergency of International Concern
(PHEIC) 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件
World Health Organization (WHO) 世界卫生组织
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
(China CDC) 中国疾病预防控制中心
National Health Commission (NHC) 国家卫生健康
委员会
unified emergency supply system 统一应急物资保障
体系
public health legal framework 公共卫生法治保障
contact tracing 接触者追踪
surveillance data 监测数据
2. 常见句式
（1）政策与应急响应
The World Health Organization has declared the monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International
Concern.
世界卫生组织已宣布猴痘疫情构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。
New York City declared a public health emergency to combat the growing measles outbreak.
纽约市宣布进入公共卫生紧急状态，以应对日益严重的麻疹疫情。
The government has issued a disease outbreak response plan to curb the virus spread.
政府已发布疾病爆发应急预案以遏制病毒传播。
Channeling prevention resources to community level is key to controlling the epidemic.
将防控资源下沉至社区是控制疫情的关键。
This policy expired along with the national coronavirus public health emergency.
该政策随着全国新冠疫情公共卫生紧急状态的结束而失效。
（2）预防与防护建议
Basic strategies for preventing COVID-19 include hand washing and proper mask-wearing.
预防新冠肺炎的基本策略包括洗手和正确佩戴口罩。
Avoid close contact with anyone showing flu-like symptoms such as fever and cough.
避免与出现发热、咳嗽等流感样症状的人密切接触。
Regular screening tests help detect infectious diseases at an early stage.
定期筛查有助于在早期发现传染病。
We should strengthen respiratory hygiene, like wearing N95 respirators in crowds.
我们应加强呼吸道卫生防护，如在人群中佩戴 N95 口罩。
Disinfecting public areas regularly can reduce the risk of contact transmission.
定期对公共区域消毒可降低接触传播风险。
（3）医学与传播描述
Novel coronaviruses typically cause severe respiratory symptoms in vulnerable populations.
新型冠状病毒通常在易感人群中引发严重呼吸道症状。
HIV destroys the human immune system, leading to multiple incurable infections.
艾滋病病毒破坏人体免疫系统，导致多种不可治愈的感染。
Hepatitis B is mainly transmitted through blood and mother-to-child contact.
乙型肝炎主要通过血液和母婴接触传播。
The virus has an incubation period of 1-14 days, with some asymptomatic cases.
该病毒潜伏期为 1 至 14 天，存在部分无症状病例。
The incidence rate of the disease has dropped significantly due to widespread vaccination.
由于广泛接种疫苗，该病的发病率已大幅下降。
（4）数据与趋势分析
The mortality rate of this infectious disease is higher among the elderly over 65.
这种传染病在 65 岁以上老年人中的死亡率更高。
Recent surveillance data show a surge in flu cases in northern regions.
近期监测数据显示北方地区流感病例激增。
The recovery rate has reached 92% thanks to effective treatment protocols.
得益于有效的治疗方案，治愈率已达 92%。
Imported cases accounted for 30% of the newly confirmed infections last week.
上周输入性病例占新增确诊病例的 30%。
The number of close contacts traced has exceeded 2,000 so far.
截至目前，追踪到的密切接触者已超过 2000 人。
（5）全球与社会协作
Virus knows no borders, so international cooperation is vital for epidemic control.
病毒无国界，因此国际合作对疫情防控至关重要。
Health care workers on the front line are making great efforts to save patients.
一线医护人员正全力救治患者。
Stakeholders including governments and NGOs should work together to sustain prevention efforts.
政府和非政府组织等利益相关方应携手维持防控工作。
The public should comply with preventive measures to build a societal defense line.
公众应遵守预防措施，共同构筑社会防线。
Strengthening the public health legal framework can improve emergency response capacity.
完善公共卫生法治保障可提升应急响应能力。
（6）科普与认知引导
It is a misunderstanding that AIDS can be transmitted through casual contact.
认为艾滋病可通过日常接触传播是一种误解。
SARS was believed to originate from cross-species transmission in wet markets.
非典被认为起源于湿货市场的跨物种传播。
Asymptomatic carriers may unknowingly spread the virus to others.
无症状携带者可能在不知情的情况下将病毒传染给他人。
Early medical attention is crucial for patients with severe symptoms.
出现重症症状的患者应及时就医，这至关重要。
Vaccination is an effective way to protect susceptible populations.
接种疫苗是保护易感人群的有效方式。
Good hygiene habits like frequent hand-washing can prevent many infectious diseases.
勤洗手等良好卫生习惯可预防多种传染病。
The government has released a health declaration form for travelers entering the country.
政府已为入境旅客推出健康申报表。
1
Recently, some 220 flamingos ( 火烈鸟) have been found dead in the province of Catamarca in
northwestern Argentina due to bird flu, a highly infectious and deadly viral disease that naturally spreads through
突破演练
wild aquatic (水栖的) birds, but can also infect other bird species, such as domestic poultry.
The H5N1 bird flu has spread in more than 80 countries since 2022. Around the globe, there have been
reports of bird flu outbreaks in various mammals, detection of the virus in domestic cats and dogs, as well as a
few cases in humans. There is a risk that the infected birds may spread the disease to new areas during migration
(迁徙). Originally, the H5N1 spread from North America to South America through migratory birds in three
months, according to Dr. Johanna Harvey, a researcher from the University of Maryland. “Now, it only takes one
infected bird to pass on the virus to a whole flock (群) in a matter of days,” Harvey said, “Flamingos are known to
be highly gregarious (群居的) animals that live in large flocks.”
Harvey’s concerns are that birds are clearly continuing to spread it, and it’s not going away. Besides, as the
number of deaths piles up, the impact on populations and potentially even entire species is really great. “I don’t
think the true degree of loss here is well understood and has not been documented, because it’s really hard to do.”
Harvey added.
Since December 2021, 11 cases of the H5N1 have been reported in humans globally. “For people who
interact with wild birds, there doesn’t seem to be a huge risk to them, because the number of human cases have
remained small globally, so we’re not too worried about that.” said Dr. Krysten Schuler, an assistant research
professor, “But the mutation (变异) potential and the wide distribution of this virus are the major risk factors.”
There is not much that can be done to stop the spread of the virus, but Schuler recommends that people
report any unusual animal deaths without an obvious cause to their state wildlife agencies, so they can be
informed of what areas the disease is spreading to. “If there is any potential to do something about it, our best
option is right at the beginning.” Schuler said.
1．What is paragraph 1 of the text mainly about?
A．The unknown cause of flamingos’ death.
B．The effect of bird flu on other bird species.
C．The outbreak of bird flu in wild aquatic birds.
D．The accurate identification of virus in flamingos.
2．What causes the virus to spread rapidly according to Harvey?
A．The social flamingos’ moving in large groups.
B．Various mammals that have caught the disease.
C．The virus developing into a more powerful type.
D．The rising number of infected domestic cats and dogs.
3．What does Dr. Krysten Schuler suggest?
A．People should make efforts to guarantee the safety of flamingos.
B．Abnormal animal deaths should be reported to related agencies.
C．More natural habitats should be restored for migratory birds.
D．Effective measures should be adopted to stop the virus spread.
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．The virus’ outbreak and global spread concern experts.
B．The virus has impacted greatly on the entire species.
C．People have no chance to be infected with the virus.
D．The H5N1 bird flu spreads easily between people.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了H5N1 禽流感在阿根廷火烈鸟群体中的爆发及其传播情况，专家
对病毒扩散的担忧以及建议的应对措施。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第1 段内容“Recently, some 220 flamingos (火烈鸟) have been found dead in the
province of Catamarca in northwestern Argentina due to bird flu, a highly infectious and deadly viral disease that
naturally spreads through wild aquatic (水栖的) birds, but can also infect other bird species, such as domestic
poultry.(最近，在阿根廷西北部的卡塔马卡省发现了大约220 只死于禽流感的火烈鸟。禽流感是一种高度
传染性和致命的病毒性疾病，可以通过野生水鸟自然传播，但也可以感染其他鸟类，如家禽。)”可知，本
段重点说明禽流感对其他鸟类的影响。 故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第2 段““Now, it only takes one infected bird to pass on the virus to a whole flock
(群) in a matter of days,” Harvey said, “Flamingos are known to be highly gregarious (群居的) animals that live
in large flocks.”(“现在，一只受感染的鸟在几天内就能将病毒传染给整个鸟群，”哈维说，“众所周知，
火烈鸟是群居性很强的动物。”)”可知，病毒快速传播的原因是火烈鸟的群居习性，群居的火烈鸟成群结
队地活动。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Schuler recommends that people report any unusual animal deaths...to
their state wildlife agencies(阻止病毒传播的办法不多，但舒勒建议人们向州野生动物机构报告任何没有明
显原因的不寻常动物死亡，这样他们就可以了解疾病正在传播到哪些地区。)”可知，Schuler 建议人们将
不明原因的动物死亡报告给野生动物机构。故选B。
4．推理判断题。综合全文，根据第2 段提到的““Now, it only takes one infected bird to pass on the virus to
a whole flock (群) in a matter of days,” Harvey said, “Flamingos are known to be highly gregarious (群居的)
animals that live in large flocks.”(“现在，一只受感染的鸟在几天内就能将病毒传染给整个鸟群，”哈维说，
“众所周知，火烈鸟是群居性很强的动物。”)”和第4 段的“But the mutation (变异) potential and the wide
distribution of this virus are the major risk factors.(但是这种病毒的潜在变异和广泛分布是主要的危险因
素。)”可知，Harvey 对病毒持续扩散表示担忧，Schuler 对病毒变异和广泛分布表示担忧。由此可推知，
专家对病毒的爆发和全球传播感到担忧。故选A。
2
Scientists in Brazil are releasing genetically modified (改良的) mosquitoes to contain the massive outbreak
of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness. More than a million cases of the viral infection have been reported in
the first two months of 2024, twice more than what were reported in the same period in 2023. In February, Rio de
Janeiro declared the outbreak a public health emergency after the city recorded more than 42,000 cases of the
disease.
In Brazil, the disease is constantly circulating. Between 2003 and 2019, more than 11 million cases were
reported in the country, with peak transmission normally occurring during the annual rainy season from October to
May. Unusually, large outbreaks occur roughly every three to four years. Only one in four people infected with the
dengue virus develop mild symptoms, which generally clear within two to seven days. However, the disease can
sometimes progress and become severe, leading to hospitalization and possibly death.
Faced with a rising number of dengue cases, health authorities in Brazil are testing alternative approaches
to control the spread of the disease, including the use of genetically modified mosquitoes, a solution proposed by
biotech company Oxitec.
The company breeds male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes—the species that spreads the dengue fever virus to
humans—that are genetically modified to carry a gene that kills any female offspring they spawn (产卵). Dengue
fever is spread through the bites of female A．aegypti mosquitoes, so releasing these modified mosquitoes into a
region can help reduce the number of pests that can spread the virus to people. The eggs of Oxitec’s modified
male mosquitoes are placed in boxes and then hatched with the addition of water.
The modified mosquitoes “complete the cycle inside these boxes in about ten days and the adult insects
come out to do their work,” Natalia Ferreira, Oxitec’s general manager said. The approach can reduce A．aegypti
population numbers by up to 90 percent in regions where the genetically modified mosquitoes are released. There
have been concerns that these genetically modified mosquitoes sometimes produce offspring that can survive to
pass on their genes to native insects. But so far, there’s no evidence to suggest this could harm humans.
1．Why are genetically modified mosquitoes being released in Brazil?
A．To get rid of mosquitoes.
B．To increase the biodiversity.
C．To reduce dengue fever cases.
D．To improve mosquito genes.
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Hot and dry weather speeds up the virus transmission.
B．25% of the infected people develop severe symptoms.
C．There is an outbreak of dengue fever every four years.
D．Dengue fever is widespread and reappearing in Brazil.
3．How do the modified mosquitoes work?
A．By killing live female mosquitoes.
B．By cutting down on female offspring.
C．By stopping mosquitoes from hatching.
D．By relieving the infectious symptoms.
4．What concerns people about the modified mosquitoes?
A．They affect local species.
B．They increase dengue cases.
C．They are a threat to humans.
D．They grow too fast to control.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了巴西科学家释放转基因蚊子以控制登革热疫情爆发的情
况。文章提到了登革热疫情的严重性，包括病例数量的增加和公共卫生紧急状态的宣布，以及巴西卫生
当局采取的替代方法来控制疾病的传播，特别是使用转基因蚊子这一解决方案。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Scientists in Brazil are releasing genetically modified (改良的) mosquitoes
to contain the massive outbreak of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne illness.(巴西的科学家们正在释放经过基因
改良的蚊子，以控制登革热的大规模爆发，登革热是一种由蚊子传播的疾病。)”以及第四段“The
company breeds male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes—the species that spreads the dengue fever virus to humans—that
are genetically modified to carry a gene that kills any female offspring they spawn (产卵). Dengue fever is spread
through the bites of female A. aegypti mosquitoes, so releasing these modified mosquitoes into a region can help
reduce the number of pests that can spread the virus to people.(该公司培育了雄性埃及伊蚊——这种蚊子会将
登革热病毒传播给人类——这些蚊子经过基因改良，携带一种基因，该基因会杀死它们所产下的雌性后
代。登革热是通过雌性埃及伊蚊的叮咬传播的，所以将这些经过改良的蚊子释放到某一地区，有助于减
少能够将病毒传播给人类的害虫数量。)”可知，巴西释放转基因蚊子是为了控制登革热的大规模爆发，即
减少登革热病例数。同时，文中还提到登革热是由雌性埃及伊蚊传播的，Oxitec 公司培育的转基因雄性埃
及伊蚊携带能杀死雌性后代的基因，释放它们可减少能传播病毒的蚊子数量，从而降低登革热的传播风
险。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Between 2003 and 2019, more than 11 million cases were reported in the
country, with peak transmission normally occurring during the annual rainy season from October to May.
Unusually, large outbreaks occur roughly every three to four years.(2003 年至 2019 年间，该国报告了超过
1100 万例病例，通常每年的10 月至次年5 月的雨季是传播高峰期。不同寻常的是，大规模的疫情大约每
三到四年就会爆发一次。)”可知，登革热在巴西广泛传播，且每隔一段时间就会大规模爆发，即反复出现。
故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The company breeds male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes—the species that
spreads the dengue fever virus to humans—that are genetically modified to carry a gene that kills any female
offspring they spawn ( 产卵). Dengue fever is spread through the bites of female A. aegypti mosquitoes, so
releasing these modified mosquitoes into a region can help reduce the number of pests that can spread the virus to
people.(该公司培育了雄性埃及伊蚊——这种蚊子会将登革热病毒传播给人类——这些蚊子经过基因改良，
携带一种基因，该基因会杀死它们所产下的雌性后代。登革热是通过雌性埃及伊蚊的叮咬传播的，所以
将这些经过改良的蚊子释放到某一地区，有助于减少能够将病毒传播给人类的害虫数量。)”可知，公司培
育的雄性埃及伊蚊经过基因改良，携带一种基因，这种基因会杀死它们所产下的雌性后代。而登革热是
通过雌性埃及伊蚊的叮咬传播的，所以减少雌性后代的数量就能降低传播病毒的蚊子数量。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There have been concerns that these genetically modified mosquitoes
sometimes produce offspring that can survive to pass on their genes to native insects. But so far, there’s no
evidence to suggest this could harm humans.(有人担心这些基因改良蚊子有时会产生能够存活下来的后代，
并将它们的基因传递给本地昆虫。但到目前为止，没有证据表明这会对人类造成伤害。)”可知，人们担心
这些基因改良蚊子有时会产生能够存活下来的后代，并且这些后代能够将它们的基因传递给本地昆虫。
因此，人们对改良蚊子的担忧是它们会影响当地物种。故选A。
3
Chronic Wasting Disease or CWD-mad cow disease in deer-never really went away but it is back big time
— just in time for deer hunting season.
According to the Daily Mail, CWD is nicknamed “zombie (僵尸) deer diseas” because it “causes parts of
the brain to slowly went ill, leaving infected animals to spit and stare blankly before they die.”
The new US CWD scare originated in captive (圈养的) deer where the government says CWD was first
observed in 1967. People adopted that way of raising deer in order to gain canned hunting in “fenced” operations,
“breeding stock” and their velvet (鹿茸) and antlers (鹿角) for sale.
Can people infect CWD? Yes! In humans, CWD can cause the disorder of spirit called variant ( 变异)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) which is deadly to humans like to animals. While non-variant CJD might occur
occasionally, vCJD occurs in groups — where the meat has been “harvested” and eaten. In 2005, 200 to 250
people unwittingly (不知不觉地) ate CWD-infected deer in a New York state county. Now, New York authorities
warn not to “consume animal that appears sick or diseased”, and warn that illegally imported bodies or parts of
animals will be controlled and destroyed to prevent disease spread.
When the disease was active before, the Fort Collins Coloradoan reported that a local hunter said when his
deer was found to be CWD-infected that he worried about his blood-soaked hands on his truck’s wheel and door
handles and his blood-soaked clothes.
A 2002 outbreak of CWD in Wisconsin led to “free fire zones” in which all deer would be killed to wipe
out the disease. Despite claims of deer “overpopulation”, Wisconsin had, at the time, 700 licensed deer farms.
Deer hunting was a $400 million business in the state.
As recently as May, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department killed 250 captive whitetail deer to contain
CWD though the disease is a often caused by captive operations.
1．What is the interesting name of CWD?
A．Zombie deer disease.
B．Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
C．Mad cow disease.
D．Free fire zones disease.
2．Why are deer kept in capativity (圈养) according to the text?
A．For scientific research.
B．For watching.
C．For the sale of their velvet and antlers.
D．For protecting them from CWD．
3．What can be inferred from the incident that people unwittingly ate CWD-infected deer?
A．People didn’t like to see deer killed.
B．The New York authorities did not take timely action.
C．There is a risk of humans contracting CWD through infected meat.
D．The CWD outbreak in New York was caused by illegal imports.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．How to Prevent Chronic Wasting Disease?
B．Do You know Chronic Wasting Disease?
C．Don’t Ate CWD-infected Deer Meat
D．Mad Cow Disease in Deer Is Back Again
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了鹿的疯牛病（慢性消耗病）卷土重来及相关危害等。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to the Daily Mail, CWD is nicknamed “zombie deer diseas” because
it “causes parts of the brain to slowly went ill, leaving infected animals to spit and stare blankly before they
die.”(据《每日邮报》报道，慢性消耗病（CWD）的绰号是“僵尸鹿病”，因为它“会导致大脑的某些部
分慢慢病变，让被感染的动物在死前吐口水、茫然凝视)”可知，CWD 的绰号是僵尸鹿病。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“People adopted that way of raising deer in order to gain canned hunting in
“fenced” operations, “breeding stock” and their velvet and antlers for sale.(人们采用这种饲养鹿的方式，是
为了开展围栏内的圈养狩猎活动，以及出售种鹿、鹿茸和鹿角)”可知，圈养鹿是为了出售鹿茸和鹿
角。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Can people infect CWD? Yes! In humans, CWD can cause the disorder of spirit
called variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) which is deadly to humans like to animals. While non-variant
CJD might occur occasionally, vCJD occurs in groups — where the meat has been “harvested” and eaten. In 2005,
200 to 250 people unwittingly ate CWD-infected deer in a New York state county.(人类会感染慢性消耗病
（CWD）吗？会！在人类身上，CWD 会引发一种名为变异型克雅氏病（vCJD）的精神障碍，
这种疾病对人类和动物都是致命的。虽然非变异型克雅氏病可能偶尔发生，但变异型克雅氏病
是群体性出现的——在当“获取” 并食用了（受感染动物的）肉之后。2005 年，纽约州的一个县
有200 到250 人在不知不觉间食用了感染CWD 的鹿肉)”可推断，人们不知不觉吃了感染慢性消耗病
（CWD）的鹿肉这一事件说明人类有通过食用受感染的肉而感染慢性消耗病（CWD）的风险。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文及第一段“Chronic Wasting Disease or CWD-mad cow disease in deer-never really
went away but it is back big time — just in time for deer hunting season.(慢性消耗病（CWD）——鹿的疯牛病
——从未真正消失过，但它又卷土重来了，而且正好赶上了猎鹿季节)”可知，文章主要介绍了鹿的疯牛病
（慢性消耗病）卷土重来及相关危害等，故D 项“鹿的疯牛病又回来了”适合作为文章的标题。故选
D。
4
Stressful life events affect us all, whether it’s problems at work, moving to a new city, or changes like going
away to school. Each person reacts to stress differently, and while most learn to cope, those with adjustment
disorders may experience stronger and prolonged reactions.
Adjustment disorders can impact both children and adults, and they are often treated with therapy (治疗),
medication, or a combination of both. Psychotherapy is the preferred treatment, with methods varying based on
the specific stressor. For instance, a stressor may be a single significant event like ending a relationship or
multiple issues like losing your job and having marital problems.
There are six types of adjustment disorders. Some exhibit as signs of depression—low mood, tearfulness,
and hopelessness — while others present anxiety symptoms such as nervousness and worry. Conduct
disturbances, including reckless (鲁莽的) behavior, alcohol or drug abuse, are also common.
Research on treatment effectiveness for adjustment disorders has been limited. A recent review of
psychological studies from 1980 to 2016 found the quality of evidence for positive effects to be low. For some
people, adjustment disorder may remit on its own (e. g., you find a job you love). However, to others, it can act as
a sign to more severe conditions like major depression or anxiety disorders if untreated.
Therapy for adjustment disorders is typically brief and solution-focused, aiming to help individuals
understand the stressor’s impact, reduce symptoms, and develop effective coping strategies. For those struggling
with depression, therapy may employ cognitive-behavioral techniques or interpersonal therapy to improve
relationships.
Children and teens also experience adjustment disorders, but therapy for younger individuals often focuses
on behavioral symptoms, impulse ( 冲动) control, and communication skills. Family therapy can help resolve
conflicts and improve support systems. And peer group therapy offers adolescents a safe space to develop social
skills and express their emotions, reminding them that they are not alone in their struggles. Through these
approaches, teens can learn to address life’s challenges more effectively.
1．Which statement best summarizes adjustment disorders?
A．Their major affected group are adults.
B．They require long-term medication.
C．They can arise from diverse stressors.
D．Their symptoms are often permanent.
2．What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?
A．The various symptoms of adjustment disorders.
B．The impact of adjustment disorders on daily life.
C．The underlying reasons for adjustment disorders.
D．The strategies for handling adjustment disorders.
3．What does the underlined word “remit” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Fade.
B．Continue.
C．Shift.
D．Expand.
4．How does therapy for teens differ from that for adults?
A．It relies on family conflicts and support. B．It focuses more on cognitive restructuring.
C．It is more complex and longer in duration.
D．It involves family and peer support systems.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了适应障碍的诱因、影响人群、治疗方式、类型、研究现状以及针对不同
人群（成人和儿童青少年）的具体治疗方法。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Stressful life events affect us all, whether it’s problems at work, moving to a
new city, or changes like going away to school. Each person reacts to stress differently, and while most learn to
cope, those with adjustment disorders may experience stronger and prolonged reactions.(生活中的压力事件影响
着我们所有人，无论是工作中的问题，搬到一个新城市，还是离开学校这样的变化。每个人对压力的反
应不同，虽然大多数人学会了应对，但那些有适应障碍的人可能会经历更强烈、更持久的反应)”可知，适
应性障碍可能来自不同的压力源。故选C 项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There are six types of adjustment disorders. Some exhibit as signs of depression
—low mood, tearfulness, and hopelessness—while others present anxiety symptoms such as nervousness and
worry. Conduct disturbances, including reckless (鲁莽的) behavior, alcohol or drug abuse, are also common.(适应
障碍有六种类型。有些人表现出抑郁的迹象——情绪低落、流泪和绝望——而另一些人则表现出焦虑的
症状，比如紧张和担心。行为障碍，包括鲁莽行为、酗酒或滥用药物，也很常见)”可知，本段主要讲述了
适应障碍的各种症状。故选A 项。
3．词句猜测他。根据后文“However, to others, it can act as a sign to more severe conditions like major
depression or anxiety disorders if untreated.(然而，对其他人来说，如果不及时治疗，它可能会成为严重抑郁
症或焦虑症等更严重疾病的征兆)”可知，后文表转折，说明需要及时治疗，所以前文应是不需要治疗，适
应障碍可能会自行缓解，根据所举例子“you find a job you love(你找到了一份你喜欢的工作)”可推知，
remit 应是“缓解”之意，和A 项意思相近。故选A 项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Children and teens also experience adjustment disorders, but therapy for
younger individuals often focuses on behavioral symptoms, impulse (冲动) control, and communication skills.
Family therapy can help resolve conflicts and improve support systems. And peer group therapy offers adolescents
a safe space to develop social skills and express their emotions, reminding them that they are not alone in their
struggles. Through these approaches, teens can learn to address life’s challenges more effectively.(儿童和青少年
也会经历适应障碍，但对年轻人的治疗通常侧重于行为症状、冲动控制和沟通技巧。家庭治疗可以帮助
解决冲突，改善支持系统。同伴团体治疗为青少年提供了一个发展社交技能和表达情感的安全空间，提
醒他们在挣扎中并不孤单。通过这些方法，青少年可以学会更有效地应对生活中的挑战)”可知，青少年治
疗涉及家庭和同伴支持系统。故选D 项。
5
A vaccine ( 疫苗) designed to protect koalas from chlamydia ( 衣原体) has been officially approved,
marking a world-first milestone in fighting a disease that ranks among the top killers of these symbolic Australian
animals. Researchers and conservationists are celebrating this breakthrough, highlighting its potential to slow or
even fix the decline of koala populations struggling with widespread infection across key habitats.
Chlamydia causes severe harm to koalas: it leads to blindness, leaving the animals unable to find and climb
trees for food, and eventually results in slow starvation. Some koalas, especially in South East Queensland and
New South Wales, are edging closer to local extinction each day. Infection rates often stay around 50%, and in
some heavily affected areas, they can jump as high as 70%. The disease also makes both male and female koalas
infertile, which further reduces their already small populations.
For years, antibiotics ( 抗生素) were the main way to treat chlamydia in koalas, but they have big
drawbacks. They are often ineffective at fully clearing the infection, fail to prevent future re-infections, and cause
some side effects. When chlamydia has destroyed too much tissue, the only kind option left is ending the animal’s
life painlessly to relieve its suffering, making the new vaccine a vital source of hope.
Targeting chlamydia’s MOMP protein, the vaccine gives three types of protection: reducing infection risk,
stopping mild cases from worsening, and clearing up symptoms (症状). A 2023 study found the vaccine reduced
signs of chlamydia in koalas that are old enough to have babies, and cut deaths caused by the disease by 64%.
Plus, developed over more than a decade, this vaccine removes the need for booster shots — a practical advantage
that will simplify its use in koala groups.
Australia’s Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) approved the vaccine in June, and its
permit will last until June 2027. Right now, plans are in place to make the vaccine on a large scale to help koala
groups at risk.
1．What can be inferred about the vaccine from the first paragraph?
A．It aids koala population stability.
B．It’s cured koala chlamydia infection.
C．It’s for all Australian animals.
D．It’s useless for koala survival.
2．What does the underlined word “infertile” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Visually disadvantaged.
B．Unable to have babies.
C．Less mobile.
D．
Nutritionally poor.
3．What is the third paragraph about?
A．How antibiotics treat koalas.
B．Why the new vaccine is needed.
C．When antibiotics fail koalas.
D．Where the new vaccine works.
4．What can be inferred about the koala vaccine from the last two paragraphs?
A．Its APVMA approval lasts several years.B．It requires regular booster shots later.
C．Mass production has already started.
D．It reduces all koala deaths by 64%.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了一种用于保护考拉免受衣原体感染的疫苗已正式获批，这是全球首
个对抗该疾病的里程碑，有望减缓甚至扭转考拉种群数量下降的趋势。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers and conservationists are celebrating this breakthrough, highlighting
its potential to slow or even fix the decline of koala populations struggling with widespread infection across key
habitats.(研究人员和环保主义者正在庆祝这一突破，强调它有可能减缓甚至扭转考拉种群在关键栖息地广
泛感染的下降。)”可知，该疫苗有助于考拉种群数量保持稳定。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The disease also makes both male and female koalas infertile, which further
reduces their already small populations.(这种疾病还会使雄性和雌性考拉infertile，这进一步减少了本就稀少
的考拉数量。)”可知，infertile 的结果是导致种群数量减少，结合常识可推断其意为“无法生育”。故选
B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“For years, antibiotics (抗生素) were the main way to treat chlamydia in koalas,
but they have big drawbacks. They are often ineffective at fully clearing the infection, fail to prevent future re-
infections, and cause some side effects. When chlamydia has destroyed too much tissue, the only kind option left
is ending the animal’s life painlessly to relieve its suffering, making the new vaccine a vital source of hope.(多年
来，抗生素是治疗考拉衣原体的主要方法，但它们有很大的缺点。它们在完全清除感染方面往往无效，
无法防止未来的再次感染，并导致一些副作用。当衣原体破坏了太多的组织时，唯一剩下的选择就是无
痛地结束动物的生命以减轻其痛苦，使新疫苗成为希望的重要来源。)”可知，该段通过分析抗生素的不足，
说明了研发新疫苗的必要性。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Australia’s Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA)
approved the vaccine in June, and its permit will last until June 427.(澳大利亚农药和兽药管理局于6 月批准了
该疫苗，许可有效期至427 年6 月。)”可知，该疫苗的获批有效期持续数年。故选A。
6
The first malaria drug for newborn babies and those weighing less than 11 pounds has been approved by
Swiss medical authorities in a move that could bridge a treatment gap for some of those most vulnerable to the
disease, developers and experts say.
Coartem Baby, also known as Riamet Baby, was developed by the Swiss nonprofit organization Medicines
for Malaria venture in cooperation with the Swiss drug company Novartis to treat the deadly mosquito-borne and
parasite (寄生虫)-infected illness, MMV said in a statement Tuesday.
Despite being both preventable and treatable, malaria remains a serious global health threat, with 263
million cases and 597,000 deaths worldwide in 2023. Children under 5 are some of the most vulnerable,
accounting for about 76 percent of all malaria deaths in the WHO’s Africa region, according to 2023 figures.
“The newly authorized product addresses a critical treatment gap for one of the most vulnerable patient
populations — young infants suffering from malaria, and the drug can be absorbed by liquid, including breast
milk, and has a sweet cherry flavor to make it easier to deliver.” Swissmedic, Switzerland’s health agency said. It
said the development of a formula especially for children marked a “significant step forward in the global fight
against malaria.”
Coartem contains a combination of the antimalarial drugs artemether and lumefantrine, which is already
approved for use in patients weighing more than 11 pounds. However, there had been no approved treatment for
babies weighing less than this. Most birth weights are between 5.2 pounds and 9.7 pounds.
Bhargavi Rao, the co-director of the Malaria Center, who was not involved in the research, said the new
treatment is a welcome development for both very young babies and malnourished ( 营养不良的) children who
don’t come under normal treatment guidance.
“Traditionally, people had said sort of small babies didn’t get malaria because they were protected by the
mothers’ immune system, but I think we’re increasingly recognizing that sufferings in very small children are not
insignificant and they just present in very different ways. Even very low levels of parasites can give fairly severe
malaria and death,” she told The Washington Post.
1．What is the primary purpose of developing Coartem Baby?
A．To replace the existing malaria treatments.
B．To offer newborns a treatment for malaria.
C．To fight against the malnutrition in children.
D．To reduce the costs of the antimalaria drugs.
2．Which makes Coartem Baby especially suitable for young babies?
A．Its ability to melt and its sweet taste.
B．Its effectiveness in treating the malaria.
C．Its combination of two antimalarial drugs.
D．Its potential to strengthen the immune system.
3．Which of the following statements might Bhargavi Rao agree with?
A．Young infants are immune to malaria.
B．Malaria isn’t as serious in infants as in adults.
C．Mild malaria infections can be deadly in babies.
D．Normal treatment is accessible to malnourished babies.
4．What could be the best title of the passage?
A．World’s First Malaria Drug Approved
B．More Attention Paid to Malaria in Babies
C．Malaria — No Longer a Threat to Newborns
D．A Breakthrough in Malaria Drug for Infants
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了针对新生儿及体重不足11 磅婴儿的首款疟疾药物获瑞士
批准，填补治疗空白。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The first malaria drug for newborn babies and those weighing less than 11
pounds has been approved by Swiss medical authorities in a move that could bridge a treatment gap for some of
those most vulnerable to the disease, developers and experts say.(开发者和专家表示，瑞士医疗当局已批准首
款针对新生儿和体重不足11 磅婴儿的疟疾药物，此举可能为一些最易感染疟疾的人群填补治疗空白。)”
和第二段“Coartem Baby, also known as Riamet Baby, was developed by the Swiss nonprofit organization
Medicines for Malaria venture in cooperation with the Swiss drug company Novartis to treat the deadly mosquito-
borne and parasite (寄生虫)-infected illness, MMV said in a statement Tuesday.(MMV 周二发布声明称，这款
名为Coartem Baby，又称Riamet Baby 的药物，由瑞士非营利组织疟疾药品事业会与瑞士制药公司
Novartis 合作研发，用于治疗由蚊虫传播、寄生虫感染引发的致命疾病疟疾。)”可知，开发Coartem Baby
的主要目的是为新生儿提供疟疾治疗方法。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The newly authorized product addresses a critical treatment gap for one of the
most vulnerable patient populations — young infants suffering from malaria, and the drug can be absorbed by
liquid, including breast milk, and has a sweet cherry flavor to make it easier to deliver.(新批准的产品解决了一
个最脆弱的病人群体——患疟疾的婴儿——的关键治疗缺口，这种药物可以被液体（包括母乳）溶解，
并且有甜樱桃味，使其更容易服用。)”可知，Coartem Baby 可以被液体（包括母乳）溶解，并且有甜樱桃
味，使其更容易服用，这使得它特别适合婴儿。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Traditionally, people had said sort of small babies didn’t get malaria
because they were protected by the mothers’ immune system, but I think we’re increasingly recognizing that
sufferings in very small children are not insignificant and they just present in very different ways. Even very low
levels of parasites can give fairly severe malaria and death,” she told The Washington Post.(她告诉《The
Washington Post》：“传统上，人们认为小婴儿不会感染疟疾，因为他们受到母亲免疫系统的保护，但我
认为我们越来越认识到，小婴儿的痛苦并非微不足道，只是表现形式不同。即使寄生虫水平很低，也可
能导致相当严重的疟疾和死亡。”)”可知，Bhargavi Rao 认为即使寄生虫水平很低，也可能导致婴儿患上
严重的疟疾甚至死亡，即轻度疟疾感染在婴儿中可能是致命的。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The first malaria drug for newborn babies and those
weighing less than 11 pounds has been approved by Swiss medical authorities in a move that could bridge a
treatment gap for some of those most vulnerable to the disease, developers and experts say.(开发者和专家表示，
瑞士医疗当局已批准首款针对新生儿和体重不足11 磅婴儿的疟疾药物，此举可能为一些最易感染疟疾的
人群填补治疗空白。)”可知，文章主要介绍了首款针对新生儿和体重不足11 磅婴儿的疟疾药物Coartem
Baby 获得瑞士批准的情况，包括其开发背景、适用人群、药物特点以及专家评价等，因此“A
Breakthrough in Malaria Drug for Infants(婴儿疟疾药物的突破)”作为标题最合适。故选D。
7
There was a girl named Sabrina who suffered from a severe peanut allergy. This condition, characterized by
symptoms like severe itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing upon exposure to peanuts, could have been fatal if
not detected and managed early.
Fortunately, her allergy was identified at a young age. With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures,
she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life. However, this experience had a profound impact on
her, and she became passionate about helping others with the same suffering of chronic diseases like her.
Sabrina realized that early detection was crucial for many such conditions. She decided to focus her studies
on this area and eventually got admitted to the medical school of the Yale, where she specialized in the early
detection of chronic diseases. During her studies, she encountered various chronic diseases with specific
symptoms. One such disease was diabetes, characterized by high blood sugar levels, fatigue, frequent urination,
and increased thirst. Another was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which caused persistent
coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
Nothing can get in the way of a strong-willed heart. Sabrina also studied heart diseases like coronary artery
disease (冠心病), which often presented with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. She learned that early
detection of these diseases through regular screenings and lifestyle modifications could significantly improve
patients’ quality of life and reduce the risk of severe complications.
At Yale, Sabrina conducted research on developing more effective screening methods for these chronic
diseases. Her work focused on identifying biomarkers and genetic factors that could predict the happening of
these conditions, allowing for earlier intervention and better management.
This little girl’s dedication and research have contributed significantly to the field of chronic diseases
management. Her work has helped develop new screening tools and improved treatment strategies, bringing hope
to countless individuals living with these conditions. Through her story and efforts, Sabrina has shown that early
detection and intervention are key to overcoming the challenges posed by chronic diseases.
1．What life experience left the young girl a far-reaching influence?
A．Her allergy to peanuts.
B．Severe symptoms and pain.
C．Simple and controlled dietary.
D．Timely detection and early intervention.
2．About Sabrina’s learning life in the medical school, what can we learn?
A．She majored in chronic diseases and their prevention.
B．She found early cure can reduce the risk of these diseases.
C．She is obsessed with identifying biomarkers and genetic aspects.
D．She is expert in heart disease and diabetes relating to shortness of breath.
3．Which kind of traits can we summarize about Sabrina from her story?
A．Insight and toughness.
B．Openness and diligence.
C．Passion and self-discipline.
D．Integrity and kindness.
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Interest is the Best Teacher.
B．Misfortune may be a blessing.
C．Experience more, know more.
D．Early Bird catches the Worm.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了女孩萨布丽娜因患有严重花生过敏，意识到早期检测慢性疾病的重要
性，进入耶鲁大学医学院学习并致力于慢性疾病早期检测研究，她的工作为慢性疾病管理领域做出了重
大贡献，证明了早期检测和干预对克服慢性疾病挑战的关键作用。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“There was a girl named Sabrina who suffered from a severe peanut allergy.
This condition, characterized by symptoms like severe itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing upon exposure to
peanuts, could have been fatal if not detected and managed early.(有一个叫萨布丽娜的女孩，她患有严重的花
生过敏。这种病的特征是，一旦接触到花生，就会出现严重的瘙痒、肿胀和呼吸困难等症状。如果没有
及早发现和处理，这种情况可能会致命)”以及第二段“Fortunately, her allergy was identified at a young age.
With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life.
However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became passionate about helping others with the
same suffering of chronic diseases like her.(幸运的是，她的过敏症在很小的时候就被发现了。在医生的帮助
下，并通过严格的饮食控制，她能够控制自己的症状，过上正常的生活。然而，这段经历对她产生了深
远的影响，她变得热衷于帮助那些像她一样遭受慢性疾病折磨的人)”可知，萨布丽娜的花生过敏在年幼时
被及时检测并通过严格饮食控制得以管理，最后过上正常的生活，这一经历不仅包括花生过敏本身，更
关键的是通过早期干预控制病情的过程，促使她投身慢性病早期检测的研究，所以是她对花生过敏的及
时发现和早期干预对这个年轻女孩产生了深远的影响，故选D 项。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At Yale, Sabrina conducted research on developing more effective
screening methods for these chronic diseases. Her work focused on identifying biomarkers and genetic factors that
could predict the happening of these conditions, allowing for earlier intervention and better management.(在耶鲁
大学，萨布丽娜对这些慢性疾病进行了研究，目的是开发更有效的筛查方法。她的工作重点是识别能够
预测这些病症发生的生物标志物和遗传因素，以便尽早进行干预和管理)”可知，萨布丽娜在耶鲁大学的工
作重点是识别能够预测这些病症发生的生物标志物和遗传因素，故选C 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became
passionate about helping others with the same suffering of chronic diseases like her.(然而，这段经历对她产生了
深远的影响，她开始对帮助像她一样患有慢性疾病的人充满热情)”可知，萨布丽娜开始对帮助像她一样患
有慢性疾病的人充满热情，可推理出她是一个有热情特质的人；根据第二段“With the help of doctors and
strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life.(在医生的帮助和严格的饮
食措施下，她能够控制自己的症状，过上正常的生活)”可知萨布丽娜在医生的帮助和严格的饮食措施下，
控制自己的症状并过上正常的生活，可推理出她是一个自律的人，因此，可以总结出萨布丽娜具有热情
和自律的特质，故选C 项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There was a girl named Sabrina who suffered from a severe peanut allergy.
This condition, characterized by symptoms like severe itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing upon exposure to
peanuts, could have been fatal if not detected and managed early.(有一个叫萨布丽娜的女孩，她患有严重的花
生过敏。这种病的特征是，一旦接触到花生，就会出现严重的瘙痒、肿胀和呼吸困难等症状。如果没有
及早发现和处理，这种情况可能会致命)”、第二段“Fortunately, her allergy was identified at a young age.
With the help of doctors and strict dietary measures, she was able to control her symptoms and lead a normal life.
However, this experience had a profound impact on her, and she became passionate about helping others with the
same suffering of chronic diseases like her.(幸运的是，她的过敏症在很小的时候就被发现了。在医生的帮助
下，并通过严格的饮食控制，她能够控制自己的症状，过上正常的生活。然而，这段经历对她产生了深
远的影响，她变得热衷于帮助那些像她一样遭受慢性疾病折磨的人)”以及最后一段“This little girl’s
dedication and research have contributed significantly to the field of chronic diseases management. Her work has
helped develop new screening tools and improved treatment strategies, bringing hope to countless individuals
living with these conditions. Through her story and efforts, Sabrina has shown that early detection and
intervention are key to overcoming the challenges posed by chronic diseases.(这个小女孩的奉献和研究对慢性
疾病管理领域做出了重大贡献。她的工作帮助开发了新的筛查工具并改进了治疗策略，为无数患有这些
疾病的人带来了希望。通过她的故事和努力，萨布丽娜展示了早期检测和干预是克服慢性疾病挑战的关
键)”可知文章讲述了萨布丽娜因患有花生过敏，这段经历促使她致力于慢性疾病的早期检测研究，她的研
究成果证明了早期检测和干预对克服慢性疾病挑战的关键作用，她的工作帮助开发了新的筛查工具并改
进了治疗策略，为无数患有这些疾病的人带来了希望。不幸的过敏经历却让她走上了对慢性疾病研究有
意义的道路，这说明不幸可能是一种福气，B 选项“Misfortune may be a blessing.(塞翁失马，焉知非福)”
符合文章主旨，故选B 项。
8
“You learn a lot by almost dying,” David always says. In fact, he learns enough!
In 2010, David, a sophomore from the medical school of Pennsylvania got very sick and the diagnosis was
Castleman — a rare condition with approximately 7,000 new cases annually in the US. In hospital, David noticed
curious red spots on his skin. He asked doctors what the blood spots meant. “They went out of their way to say
they didn’t matter,” said David, but he would go on to prove he was on to something.
Castleman struck David four more times over the next three years. David stayed alive only through intense
chemotherapy. Despite the illness, he managed to graduate and began an MBA at Penn’s Wharton School, where
he founded the CDCN — a global initiative devoted to fighting Castleman. Many of his MBA classmates joined
the cause. David hoped that adding a CEO mindset would enable him to scale up his approach to curing himself.
CDCN prioritized clinical trials that repurposed drugs the FDA (美国药监局) had already approved as safe rather
than starting from scratch.
In 2013, another attack marked his closest brush with death yet. This time, David saved his own life. After
examining his medical charts, he targeted an idea that researchers hadn’t yet explored: A protein called VECF
which controls blood vessel growth was spiking at 10 times its normal level. David hypothesized that the red spots
with every recurrence were a direct result of that protein spike. David asked his doctor to prescribe Sirolimus, a
drug approved to help fight the immune system when it activates against kidney transplants. He picked it up at a
pharmacy. “A drug that could potentially save my life was hiding in plain sight,” he said.
So far, David has been in remission from Castleman for more than six years, close to full strength. As an
assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, he was running a clinical trial on the drug that has given him
his life back. “So little time and money has been invested in these rare diseases like Castleman,” says David,
“There’s tremendous opportunity to change that, there’s a lot of low-hanging fruit!”
1．What can we know about the CDCN?
A．It’s a domestic organization in the USA．
B．It recruited members beyond the medical field.
C．It’s founded when David was a medical student.
D．It prioritized clinical trials on newly-applied drugs.
2．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．David’s recovered from Castleman completely.
B．David’s doing further research on Sirolimus.
C．Sufficient investments are put in Castleman research.
D．High likelihood of bearing fruit is in Castleman research.
3．According to the text, which one is right?
A．Sirolimus has certain effectiveness for Castleman.
B．There’re roughly 7,000 Castleman cases in the US.
C．David suffered Castleman recurrence four times totally.
D．Red spots on David’s skin caused an increase in VECF levels.
4．What can we learn from David’s experience?
A．No pains, no gains.
B．It’s never too late to learn.
C．Where there is a will, there is a way.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了David 患病后，主动探究红斑病因，自行研究病历提出新观点
并求药治疗，还创办CDCN 组织抗击疾病。他全程积极自救，努力为攻克疾病做贡献。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Despite the illness, he managed to graduate and began an MBA at Penn’s
Wharton School, where he founded the CDCN — a global initiative devoted to fighting Castleman. Many of his
MBA classmates joined the cause. David hoped that adding a CEO mindset would enable him to scale up his
approach to curing himself. CDCN prioritized clinical trials that repurposed drugs the FDA (美国药监局) had
already approved as safe rather than starting from scratch.(尽管身患疾病，他还是顺利毕业了，并开始在宾夕
法尼亚大学沃顿商学院攻读工商管理硕士学位。在那里，他发起了一项全球性的倡议——卡斯尔曼病研
究网络（CDCN），致力于对抗卡斯尔曼病。他的许多MBA 同学都加入了这项事业。大卫希望具备首席
执行官的思维方式能让他扩大自己的治疗方案。卡斯尔曼病研究网络优先开展对美国药监局已批准安全
的药物进行重新利用的临床试验，而非从头开始研发新药)”可知，很多他学MBA 的同学加入了这个组织，
说明CDCN 招募了医学领域之外的成员，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““So little time and money has been invested in these rare diseases like
Castleman,” says David, “There’s tremendous opportunity to change that, there’s a lot of low-hanging fruit!”(“像
卡斯尔曼病这样的罕见疾病上投入的时间和金钱太少了，”大卫说，“改变这种状况的机会很大，有很
多唾手可得的成果！”)”可推知，大卫认为在卡斯尔曼病研究方面有很大的机会取得成果，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“David asked his doctor to prescribe Sirolimus, a drug approved to help
fight the immune system when it activates against kidney transplants.(大卫要求医生给他开西罗莫司，这是一
种经批准的药物，当免疫系统对肾脏移植产生激活作用时，可以帮助对抗免疫系统)”以及最后一段中“So
far, David has been in remission from Castleman for more than six years, close to full strength. As an assistant
professor at the University of Pennsylvania, he was running a clinical trial on the drug that has given him his life
back.(到目前为止，大卫的卡斯尔曼病已经缓解了六年多，身体几近完全恢复。作为宾夕法尼亚大学的一
名助理教授，他正在对一种让他重获新生的药物进行临床试验)”可知，A 选项“西罗莫司对卡斯尔曼病有
一定疗效”正确。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““So little time and money has been invested in these rare diseases like
Castleman,” says David, “There’s tremendous opportunity to change that, there’s a lot of low-hanging fruit!”(“像
卡斯尔曼病这样的罕见疾病上投入的时间和金钱太少了，”大卫说，“改变这种状况的机会很大，有很
多唾手可得的成果！”)”以及大卫患病后，主动探究红斑病因，自行研究病历提出新观点并求药治疗，还
创办CDCN 组织抗击疾病。他全程积极自救，努力为攻克疾病做贡献，完美诠释“自助者天助”，故选
D。
9
Chinese scientists have identified a new protein that restricts HIV infection, a discovery that could pave the
way for the development of new drugs against the virus. The protein, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1),
which exists in human cells, can inhibit ( 抑制) the process by which HIV reproduces, according to research
published in the science journal Nature Microbiology this month.
However, the study also showed that PSGL-1 can be negatively affected by Vpu — an accessory (附属)
protein of HIV — which can neutralize the ability of PSGL-1 to resist HIV. Further research is under way to
develop a drug that can inhibit the HIV protein so that PSGL-1 can restrict HIV, according to Tan Xu, a researcher
at Tsinghua University's School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, a leading author of the study.
Several other proteins in human cells that could resist HIV have been discovered over the past 10 years, but
the virus can also evade (避开) them. PSGL-1 shows particular promise in that it can inhibit HIV in multiple ways
— especially by blocking the infectiousness of virus offspring, Tan said.
“We are starting to research into small molecule ( 分子) compounds in the hope of finding one that can
restore PSGL-1’s anti-HIV function. In this way, we can develop a very effective antiviral drug for people with
HIV/AIDS,” he said. Tan said it will require at least three to five years for the research to reach the preclinical
stage, and more time after that before a clinical trial is possible. The research was conducted by researchers at
Tsinghua University in Beijing, Fudan University in Shanghai and George Mason University in the United States.
Existing treatment methods for people with HIV/AIDS, which mostly rely on a combination of different
drugs, can prevent the disease from progressing but cannot cure it, and long-term use of drugs can result in drug
resistance.
An estimated 37 million people in the world live with HIV, according to the Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS. The study provides new leads to developing antiviral drugs, Tsinghua University said
in a statement.
1．What can we learn about PSGL-1 from the passage?
A．Both the protein PSGL-1 and the protein Vpu are HIV proteins.
B．PSGL-1 can restrict the function of the protein Vpu.
C．PSGL-1’s molecule compounds have been identified.
D．The protein PSGL-1 functions better than others in resisting HIV.
2．What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?
A．The existing treatment for AIDS are far from perfect.
B．It will be a decade before the antiviral drugs is put on the market.
C．American scientists played a leading role in the research.
D．HIV/AIDS will no longer be a deadly problem owing to the new discovery.
3．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．There is a long way to go before curing AIDS.
B．More people are faced with the threat of HIV.
C．Chinese scientists are leading the way in curing AIDS.
D．A new protein to resist HIV was confirmed by scientists.
4．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A guidebook.
B．A fiction.
C．A magazine.
D．A brochure.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国科学家新发现了一种可以抑制艾滋病病毒感染的蛋白质，这可能为研发
抗艾滋病病毒的新药品开辟路径。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Several other proteins in human cells that could resist HIV have been
discovered over the past 10 years, but the virus can also evade (避开) them. PSGL-1 shows particular promise in
that it can inhibit HIV in multiple ways — especially by blocking the infectiousness of virus offspring, Tan said.
(在过去的10 年里，人们在人类细胞中发现了其他几种可以抵抗艾滋病毒的蛋白质，但病毒也可以避开它
们。Tan 说，PSGL-1 表现出特别的希望，因为它可以通过多种方式抑制艾滋病毒，尤其是通过阻断病毒
后代的传染性。)”可知，过去的10 年里人们在人类细胞中发现了其他几种可以抵抗艾滋病毒的蛋白质，
但病毒也可以避开它们，而PSGL-1 具有多种抗艾滋病病毒功能，展现良好的前景——尤其能抑制新生病
毒的传染性；由此可知，PSGL-1 蛋白在抵抗艾滋病病毒方面比其他蛋白功能更好。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段“Existing treatment methods for people with HIV/AIDS, which mostly rely on a
combination of different drugs, can prevent the disease from progressing but cannot cure it, and long-term use of
drugs can result in drug resistance.(针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的现有治疗方法主要依赖于不同药物的组合，
可以阻止疾病的发展，但不能治愈它，长期使用药物可能导致耐药性)”可知，目前艾滋病的治疗方式是多
种药物的结合，往往治标不治本，长期使用还会让人产生抗药性，远远称不上完美。故选A。
3．主旨大意题。根据文章第一句中“Chinese scientists have identified a new protein that restricts HIV
infection, a discovery that could pave the way for the development of new drugs against the virus.(中国科学家发
现了一种限制艾滋病毒感染的新蛋白质，这一发现可能为开发抗艾滋病毒的新药铺平道路)”和下文内容可
知，文章主要介绍了科学家证实了一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The protein, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), which exists in human
cells, can inhibit(抑制) the process by which HIV reproduces, according to research published in the science
journal Nature Microbiology this month.(本月发表在科学杂志《自然微生物学》（Nature Microbiology）上
的一项研究表明，存在于人类细胞中的p -选择素糖蛋白配体1（PSGL-1）可以抑制艾滋病病毒（HIV）
的繁殖过程。)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要讲述中国科学家发现的一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质，以
及其后续的研究和影响；因此，本文最有可能来自科学杂志。故选C。
10
People with mild cognitive impairment (轻度认知障碍), or MCI, are 30 percent more likely to reverse (扭
转) symptoms if they think positively about ageing, according to a study carried out by the Yale School of Public
Health.
MCI is usually considered a one-way process, but according to Professor Becca Levy, lead author of the
study, that’s not the case at all. She said, “Most people assume there is no recovery from MCI, but in fact half of
those who have it do recover.”
MCI is a condition which causes memory loss and difficulty in thinking clearly. Symptoms might include
forgetting events, or often losing things. Other more physical symptoms such as a loss of smell or spatial
perception have also been linked to MCI. It is mostly diagnosed in people over 60, and often leads to Alzheimer’s
or other forms of dementia (痴呆).
The study involved 1, 716 participants aged 65 and above. It was conducted over a twelve-year period
between 2008 and 2020, with seven data collection waves performed every two years. Results showed that those
who came to the study with MCI were 30 percent more likely to make a full recovery if they were upbeat about
ageing. They were also likely to recover two years faster than those with more negative age beliefs, such as “The
older I get, the more useless I feel”. Those who came to the study without MCI were also far less likely to
develop it if they felt more age-positive, regardless of their physical health or age.
Factors such as age, race and gender have previously been examined for links to recovery, but this is the
first study to look at cultural factors—in this case, beliefs about ageing.
While the study definitely led to positive results, researchers still have not known exactly why. “A
limitation is that we did not examine the mechanism of positive age beliefs in cognitive recovery,” says Levy.
1．What is most people’s assumption about MCI?
A．The old often ignore it.
B．People with it can’t recover.
C．It’s hardly related to ageing.
D．It can be cured in a short time.
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Some facts about MCI.
B．The root causes of MCI.
C．The participants of the study.
D．Different forms of dementia.
3．What contributes to overcoming MCI according to the study?
A．Forgetting about ageing.
B．Examining its mechanism.
C．Living with healthy people.
D．Holding positive age beliefs
4．From which is the text most probably taken?
A．A report on technology.
B．A chemistry textbook.
C．A first aid brochure.
D．A health magazine.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了根据耶鲁大学公共卫生学院进行的一项研究，患有轻度认知障碍
(MCI)的人如果积极看待衰老，他们逆转症状的可能性会增加30%。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“She said, “Most people assume there is no recovery from MCI, but in fact half
of those who have it do recover.””（她说：“大多数人认为轻度认知障碍无法康复，但事实上，一半患有轻
度认知障碍的人确实康复了。”）可知，大多数人对MCI 的假设是患此病的人无法康复。故选B 项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“MCI is a condition which causes memory loss and difficulty in thinking clearly.
Symptoms might include forgetting events, or often losing things. Other more physical symptoms such as a loss of
smell or spatial perception have also been linked to MCI. It is mostly diagnosed in people over 60, and often leads
to Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia(痴呆).”（轻度认知障碍是一种导致记忆丧失和难以清晰思考的疾
病。症状可能包括遗忘事件，或经常丢失东西。其他更多的身体症状，如嗅觉或空间感知的丧失也与轻
度认知障碍有关。这种病大多在60 岁以上的人群中被诊断出来，通常会导致阿尔茨海默氏症或其他形式
的痴呆症。）可知，这段主要讲的是关于轻度认知障碍的一些事实。故选A 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Results showed that those who came to the study with MCI were 30 percent
more likely to make a full recovery if they were upbeat about ageing. They were also likely to recover two years
faster than those with more negative age beliefs, such as “The older I get, the more useless I feel”.”（研究结果显
示，那些患有轻度认知障碍的人如果对衰老持乐观态度，那么他们完全康复的可能性要高出30%。他们
也可能比那些有消极年龄观念的人快两年恢复，比如“我越老，我越觉得自己没用”。）可知，根据这
项研究，持有积极的年龄观念有助于克服轻度认知障碍。故选D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“People with mild cognitive impairment(轻度认知障碍), or MCI,
are 30 percent more likely to reverse(扭转)symptoms if they think positively about ageing, according to a study
carried out by the Yale School of Public Health.”（根据耶鲁大学公共卫生学院进行的一项研究，患有轻度认
知障碍(MCI)的人如果积极看待衰老，他们逆转症状的可能性会增加30%。）可知，文章主要讲的是耶鲁
大学公共卫生学院进行的一项研究，患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)的人如果积极看待衰老，他们逆转症状的可
能性会增加30%。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出自健康杂志。故选D 项。
11
Scientific experts have warned that deadly pandemics(大流行病) are likely to keep happening if action is
not taken to protect natural environments. The warning came in a report from the Intergovernmental Science-
Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, an international expert group that advises governments.
The group has more than 130 member states.
The experts called for major efforts aimed at preventing pandemics rather than trying to contain them after
they happen. The report urges major worldwide efforts to stop habitat destruction that can lead viruses to jump
from wild animals to humans.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has estimated that three out of every four new or emerging
infectious diseases in people come from animals. Scientists have said COVID-19 probably started in bats and
began spreading among humans.
In their report, the experts predict that about half of an estimated 1.7 million undiscovered viruses in nature
might be able to infect people. Activities such as poaching(偷猎) or clearing forests to grow soy or palm oil can
bring humans and disease closer together.
Peter Daszak was the report’s lead writer. He is president of EcoHealth Alliance, an international health,
environment and development organization. He said in a statement that even though the experts call for urgent
action, “this report is not a misfortune suggesting the world’s going to end and it’s too late.” Instead, Daszak said
it should be seen as “an optimistic call for action.”
He noted that the current method for dealing with pandemics is to wait for them to emerge and then try to
identify them before they spread. COVID-19 has demonstrated the problems with that plan. Officials attempted to
contain COVID-19 after the disease was discovered last year, but it was already too late. “And here we are
waiting for a vaccine(疫苗) and drugs to work,” Daszak said. “It’s not a good strategy. We need to do more.”
1．Why does the aim of urging habitat protection need major world efforts?
A．To prevent viruses spreading from animals to humans.
B．To stop illegal poaching and forest destruction.
C．To control pandemics after they happen.
D．To strengthen international cooperation.
2．How many natural viruses might infect humans?
A．About 1.7 million.
B．About 0.85 million.
C．About three fourths.
D．About 130.
3．What might be good strategy according to Peter Daszak?
A．Waiting for pandemics to appear.
B．Expecting effective vaccines and drugs.
C．Investigating pandemics after they appear.
D．Acting earlier and more actively to explore more
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Advice from Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform.
B．Experts’ Views on Disease Control and Prevention.
C．More Deadly Pandemics if Nature Not Protected.
D．Unstoppably Increasing Pandemics.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过科学家们对不采取环保措施将导致更多大流行病的警告，反映了自
然环境变化对人类的影响。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The report urges major worldwide efforts to stop habitat destruction that
can lead viruses to jump from wild animals to humans.（该报告敦促世界各国作出重大努力，阻止栖息地破
坏，栖息地破坏可能导致病毒从野生动物向人类传播。）”可知，敦促栖息地保护的目标需要全世界的
努力，因为这可以防止病毒从动物传染给人类。故选A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In their report, the experts predict that about half of an estimated 1.7
million undiscovered viruses in nature might be able to infect people. （在他们的报告中，专家们预测，自然
界约170 万未被发现的病毒中，大约有一半可能会感染人类。）”可知，约有85 万种天然病毒可以感染
人类。故选B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Officials attempted to contain COVID-19 after the disease was discovered
last year, but it was already too late. “And here we are waiting for a vaccine(疫苗) and drugs to work,” Daszak
said. “It’s not a good strategy. We need to do more.”（去年发现COVID-19 后，官员们试图控制疫情，但已经
太晚了。达扎克说：“我们在这里等待疫苗和药物发挥作用。”“这不是一个好策略。我们需要做得更
多。”）”可知，彼得·达扎克认为应该尽早行动，积极探索更多策略。故选D 项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Scientific experts have warned that deadly pandemics(大流行病) are likely to
keep happening if action is not taken to protect natural environments. （科学专家警告说，如果不采取行动保
护自然环境，致命的大流行病可能会继续发生。）”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们对不采取环保措施
将导致更多大流行病进行了警告。所以短文的最佳标题为“如果大自然得不到保护，就会发生更致命的
大流行病”故选C 项。
12
Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill,a new American
study suggests.
In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus,researchers found that people with a
generally sunny character were less likely to fail ill.The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic
Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help ward off the common cold and other
illness.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective―as in happiness improving immune function―and
subjective―as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or runny nose.“People with a positive
emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr Sheldon
Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.“And when they do get a cold,they may interpret their illness
as being less severe.”
Cohen and his colleagues has found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a
cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional quality itself had the effect.
For the new study,the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality
qualities, physicals health,and emotional “style”.Those who tended to be happy,energetic and easy –going were
judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy,tense,and hostile had a negative
style.
Afterwards,the researchers gave them nose drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu
virus.Over the next six days,the volunteers reported on any aches,pains,sneezing they had,while the researchers
collected objective data.Cohen and his colleagues found that happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
What’s more,when happy folks did develop a cold,their symptoms were less severe than expected based on
objective measures.
On the contrary,people with negative characters were not at increased risk of developing a cold based on
objective measures,though they did tend to get down about their symptoms.
“We find that it’s really positive emotions that have the big effect,” Cohen said,“not the negative ones.”
So can a bad-tempered person fight a cold by deciding to be happy?
1．The purpose of Cohen’s new study was to .
A．find effective ways to fight illnesses
B．test people’s different immune responses to cold virus
C．tell differences between happy people and unhappy people
D．examine whether health was related to emotional styles
2．The underlined phrase “ward-off” in Paragraph 2 means “ ”.
A．get close to
B．keep way from
C．get used to
D．go on with
3．How did Cohen reach his conclusion?
A．By comparing the experimental results of different groups.
B．By asking the volunteers to complete a form.
C．By collecting data among people with a cold.
D．By observing the volunteers’ symptoms.
4．Cohen’s new study showed that .
A．an emotional style is difficult to change B．happy people are immune to cold virus
C．people attitudes towards illnesses are differentD．happiness itself helps protect people from cold
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。美国一项最新研究表明在寒冷的季节保持乐观可能是你对疾病最好的防御。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu
virus,researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fail ill.在一项让健康志愿
者接触感冒或流行病毒的实验中，研究人员发现，性格开朗的人不太容易生病”可推知，实验要求健康
的志愿者接触感冒或流感病毒，为了检验健康是否和情感风格有关。故选D。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on
evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help ward off the common cold and other illness.”可知，该研究
结果在《身心医学》上发表，主要依据是“积极的情绪”能够帮助ward off 流行感冒和其他疾病。根据句
意推知，此处是指积极的情绪能够让人们远离疾病。故划线部分的意思是“远离”。故选B.
3．推理判断题。根据第五段的“For the new study,the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard
measures of personality qualities, physicals health,and emotional “style”.Those who tended to be happy,energetic
and easy –going were judged as having a positive emotional style,while those who were often unhappy,tense,and
hostile had a negative style.在这项新的研究中，研究人员让193 名健康成年人完成了个人素质、身体健康
和情感“类型”的标准测量。那些倾向于快乐、精力充沛以及随和的人被认为具有积极的情感风格，而
那些经常不开心、紧张以及有敌意的人具有消极的感情“风格””可推知，研究人员请193 名健康成人
参加实验，通过对比积极随和人群和不快乐紧张的人群的实验结果来得出结论。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“The findings,published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on
evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help ward off the common cold and other illness.该研究结果在
《身心医学》上发表，主要依据是“积极的情绪”能够帮助人们远离流行感冒和其他疾病。”以及倒数
第二段“We find that it’s really positive emotions that have the big effect,” Cohen said,“not the negative ones.”
科恩说，我们发现积极的情绪会有很大影响，而不是消极情绪”可推知，Cohen 实验显示积极快乐的情感
能帮助人们抵御感冒。故选D。
