考前猜押02 阅读理解心理学说明文
1.押题指导原则：
2026 年教育部命题指导思想：优化试题呈现方式和素材选取，融入科技前沿动态，浸润人文教育元素，加
强项目式、探究式的真实情境问题设计，更好考查学生关键能力、学科素养和思维品质。
2.押题依据分析：
猜押
考点
3 年真题
词数
话题
考情分析
押题
依据
阅读
理解
科普
说明
文
2026 年浙江首
考阅读理解C
C355
D 关于虚假评论的一
项研究
新高考阅读理解科普说明文特
点：近年来，社会心理学在高考阅
读理解中频繁出现，和科技说明
文相比，心理学类的文章理解更
难些，学生有关心理学的背景知
识相对匮乏，造成理解难度加
大。文章主要考查学生对每个环
节关键内容的准确理解，引导学
生认识自我、了解他人并建立良
好的人际关系，提升发现问题、
分析问题、解决问题的能力。鲜
明地彰显了命题人旨在培养新一
代青年学子独立思考、理性判断
的教育导向。
高考心理
学说明文
说明某种
现象、某
个心理学
原理。说
明文的总
体结构通
常分为三
个部分：
说明对
象、说明
过程和归
纳总结。
2025 年全国二
卷阅读C 篇
C264
C 室内植物对人们心
理健康和工作效率的
积极影响
2025 年1 月浙
江卷阅读D 篇
D370
D 篇新技术呈现人类
特质时人们试图使其
去性别化
2024 年1 月浙
江卷阅读D 篇
D333
D 篇信息化时代我们
作为成年人每天都在
面对棉花糖测试，信
息轰炸让我们摄入了
太多精神“ 垃圾食
品”
2023 年新高考
I 卷阅读D 篇
D
：
337
D 篇“群体智慧”效
应
押题预测目录
一、心理学上的效应类文章
二、心理学理论——兰花与蒲公英理论
三、心理学实验
四、心理学与日常生活
五、心理学现象分析
一、心理学上的效应类文章
押题1
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
315
外语效应
说明
文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
Psychologists have become increasingly interested in how switching between languages influences thinking
— a phenomenon known as the “foreign language effect”. Unlike linguistic determinism, which suggests a
language’s structure shapes thought, this effect stems from the general experience of using a second language, often
making people more rational and open-minded.
Research pioneered by Professor Boaz Keysar shows this strongly influences moral reasoning. When
considering the “trolley problem” — whether to sacrifice one life to save five — people are twice as likely to make
the utilitarian ( 实用主义的) choice when using their second language. The emotional distance provided by a
foreign language appears to reduce instincts (本能) reactions.
The effect also reduces classic cognitive biases. People’s distaste for financial loss is much less strong when
bets are presented in a foreign language. Speaking a second language can also lessen how easily we are influenced
by how information is framed and our reluctance to quit failing projects. Similarly, the “bias blind spot”, where
people believe they are less biased than others, diminishes when thinking in another tongue. Over a decade of
research, the effect has proven consistent and repeatable.
Beyond decision-making, the foreign language effect impacts memory. Recalling traumatic events in a
second language causes less emotional distress. Recent studies show it also reduces false memories: When
presented with misleading information, people are better at avoiding errors if the material is in their foreign
language, as they engage in more careful, deliberative thinking when processing information in a non-native
tongue.
In our globalized world, this research suggests a practical cognitive tool. Deliberately switching to a second
language can help us become more detached and objective. Whether evaluating investments, processing personal
upsets, or considering controversial policies, using a foreign language can provide valuable emotional distance and
reduce automatic reactions. For language learners, this is an unexpected payoff; for others, it’s a compelling reason
to start learning.
1．What does paragraph 3 indicate about the effect?
A．It is a surprising new discovery.
B．It requires a long time to prove.
C．It turns out to be reliable over time.
D．Its mechanisms are fully understood.
2．Why are people less likely to form false memories when recalling in a foreign language?
A．They give top priority to correctness.
B．They get in a more thoughtful process.
C．They engage in more automatic thinking. D．They avoid thinking about difficult topics.
3．What is a practical benefit of applying the effect in real life?
A．Reducing automatic reactions entirely.
B．Ensuring perfectly reasonable decisions.
C．Accelerating the decision-making process.
D．Increasing objectivity and emotional distance.
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Benefits of using a second language.
B．Discussion on linguistic determinism.
C．Necessity of learning a second language. D．Challenges of learning foreign languages.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“外语效应”这一现象，即使用外语对思维、决策、记忆等方面产
生的影响及其实践意义。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Over a decade of research, the effect has proven consistent and repeatable.
(经过十多年的研究，这种效应已被证明是一致且可重复的)”可知，随着时间的推移，“外语效应”被证明
是可靠的，故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Recent studies show it also reduces false memories: When presented with
misleading information, people are better at avoiding errors if the material is in their foreign language, as they
engage in more careful, deliberative thinking when processing information in a non - native tongue.(最近的研究表
明，它还能减少错误记忆：当面对误导性信息时，如果材料是用外语呈现的，人们更善于避免错误，因为
他们在用非母语处理信息时会进行更仔细、慎重的思考)”可知，人们用外语回忆时不太可能形成错误记忆，
是因为他们进入了一个更慎重思考的过程，故选B 项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Deliberately switching to a second language can help us become more
detached and objective. Whether evaluating investments, processing personal upsets, or considering controversial
policies, using a foreign language can provide valuable emotional distance and reduce automatic reactions.(刻意切
换到第二语言，能帮助我们变得更冷静、更客观。 无论是评估投资、处理个人烦心事，还是思考有争议
的政策，使用外语都能带来宝贵的情感距离感，减少本能的情绪化反应)”可知，在现实生活中应用“外语
效应”的一个实际好处是增加客观性和情感距离，故选D 项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的 “ Psychologists have become increasingly interested in how switching
between languages influences thinking—a phenomenon known as the “foreign language effect”. Unlike linguistic
determinism, which suggests a language’s structure shapes thought, this effect stems from the general experience of
using a second language, often making people more rational and open-minded.(心理学家们越来越感兴趣：在不
同语言间切换会如何影响思维—— 这种现象被称为 “外语效应”。 语言决定论认为语言的结构塑造思
维，而外语效应并非如此；它源于人们使用第二语言的整体体验，通常会让人更理性、思想更开放 )”、第
四段中的 “Beyond decision-making, the foreign language effect impacts memory.(除了决策之外，外语效应还
会影响记忆)” 以及最后一段中的 “Deliberately switching to a second language can help us become more
detached and objective. Whether evaluating investments, processing personal upsets, or considering controversial
policies, using a foreign language can provide valuable emotional distance and reduce automatic reactions.(刻意切
换到第二语言，能帮助我们变得更冷静、更客观。 无论是评估投资、处理个人烦心事，还是思考有争议
的政策，使用外语都能带来宝贵的情感距离感，减少本能的情绪化反应)” 可知，全文围绕使用第二语言产
生的 “外语效应”，介绍其对思维、决策、记忆等方面的积极影响，即使用第二语言的好处。故选A 项。
押题2
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
354
鸵鸟效应
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
猜测词义
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
In a world overflowing with information, it may seem odd that people often go out of their way not to learn
something. Whether it’s skipping a follow-up doctor’s appointment or refusing to read an unsettling news article,
this tendency has a name: the “Ostrich (鸵鸟) Effect,” just like the bird supposedly burying its head in the sand.
Researchers at the University of Chicago set out to understand when and why this occurs.
In one experiment, children aged from 5 to 10 were asked to imagine their favorite and least favorite candy.
Then came the choice: Would they like to watch a video about why eating that candy was bad for their teeth?
Children at the age of 5 or 6 wanted to know — good or bad, the information itself was exciting. Older children,
however, hesitated. They were much less interested in hearing about the downsides of their favorite treat, though
they had no problem learning why their least favorite candy was bad.
So why do children transform from fearless learners into strategic avoiders? The answer lies in emotions.
Information is not neutral ( 中立的) — it often carries consequences for how we feel. News about our health,
abilities, or beliefs can trigger disappointment, anxiety, or shame. By avoiding knowledge, people protect
themselves, at least in the short term, from negative emotions.
Sparing ourselves from distress can be protective, yet when avoidance becomes habitual, the costs can
outweigh the benefits. At a personal level, refusing to learn important medical information can endanger health. At
a societal level, avoidance may entrench political divides or rigid beliefs. When people deliberately tune out
perspectives that challenge their worldview, they lose opportunities for growth, understanding, and connection.
At its core, the Ostrich Effect reveals something deeply human. We are curious creatures, but also fragile
ones. We want to know, yet we fear what knowing might mean. This push and pull shapes our decisions every day.
This is why researchers stress the importance of teaching children not only to embrace curiosity, but also to develop
resilience (韧性) and always grab the chance to learn, adapt, and succeed.
1．Which of the following shows the “Ostrich Effect”?
A．A student actively seeks feedback from teachers.
B．A woman turns a blind eye to her credit card bills.
C．A boy refuses to attend his cousin’s birthday party.
D．An employee buries himself in research and data analysis.
2．Why does the “Ostrich Effect” occur?
A．It blocks out distractions.
B．It keeps us from feeling bad.
C．It helps us see things positively.
D．It encourages independent thinking.
3．What does the underlined word “entrench” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Expose.
B．Remove.
C．Deepen.
D．Transform.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Why Not Knowing Can Seem So Sweet
B．Why Embracing Curiosity Truly Matters
C．The Ostrich Effect: Comfort is the Best Option
D．From Candy to Curiosity: The Evolution of Resilience
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍 “鸵鸟效应”，即人们刻意回避负面信息。实验显示儿童随年龄增
长更易回避不利信息，原因是逃避负面情绪。该行为短期有益，但长期有害个人与社会，人们应保持好奇、
增强韧性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a world overflowing with information, it may seem odd that people often go
out of their way not to learn something. Whether it’s skipping a follow-up doctor’s appointment or refusing to read
an unsettling news article, this tendency has a name: the “Ostrich (鸵鸟) Effect,” just like the bird supposedly
burying its head in the sand.(在这样一个信息泛滥的世界里，人们竟然常常故意不去学习新知识，这似乎有
些奇怪。无论是逃避后续的医生检查，还是拒绝阅读一篇令人不安的新闻文章，这种行为都有一个名称：
这就是“鸵鸟效应”，就像传说中那只把头埋进沙子里的鸵鸟一样)”可知，一位女士对她的信用卡账单视
而不见体现了“鸵鸟效应”。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“By avoiding knowledge, people protect themselves, at least in the short term,
from negative emotions.(通过避免获取知识，人们能够在短期内保护自己免受负面情绪的侵扰)”可知，“鸵
鸟效应”出现是因为它能让我们避免感到痛苦。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“political divides or rigid beliefs(政治分歧或僵化的观念)”以及“When
people deliberately tune out perspectives that challenge their worldview, they lose opportunities for growth,
understanding, and connection.(当人们刻意忽视那些挑战其世界观的观点时，他们就会失去成长、理解和建
立联系的机会)”可知，人们刻意忽视那些挑战其世界观的观点时就会失去成长、理解和建立联系的机会，
即回避行为会加深政治分歧或固化僵化的观念。故划线词意思是“加深”。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“At its core, the Ostrich Effect reveals something deeply human. We are curious
creatures, but also fragile ones. We want to know, yet we fear what knowing might mean. This push and pull shapes
our decisions every day. This is why researchers stress the importance of teaching children not only to embrace
curiosity, but also to develop resilience (韧性) and always grab the chance to learn, adapt, and succeed.(从本质上
讲，“鸵鸟效应”揭示了人类内心深处的一些东西。我们是好奇的生物，但也是脆弱的。我们渴望了解，
但又害怕了解后可能带来的后果。这种矛盾的心理每天都在影响着我们的决策。这就是为什么研究人员强
调，教育孩子不仅要培养好奇心，还要培养坚韧的品质，并且要时刻抓住学习、适应和成功的机会)”结合
本文介绍 “鸵鸟效应”，即人们刻意回避负面信息。实验显示儿童随年龄增长更易回避不利信息，原因
是逃避负面情绪。该行为短期有益，但长期有害个人与社会，人们应保持好奇、增强韧性。可知，A 选项
“为何无知竟会如此美好”最符合文章标题。故选A。
押题3
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
333
莫扎特效
应
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
Can music help you concentrate at work? Researchers from the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff
conducted a new study, and it has some interesting results.
The research examined the ability of 25 people, aged 18 to 30, to remember information while listening to
various sounds. In one task they had to remember a list of eight consonant (辅音) letters, which were dictated to
them.
Participants in the study were tested under three different conditions: in a quiet environment, while listening
to music they liked, and while listening to music they didn’t like. The participants generally did better when they
were working in silence. The background music seemed to make memorization and recall more difficult. However,
scientists also found that listening to music before doing the tests seemed to help concentration.
“Despite describing their self-selected music as more pleasant, their performance was poor, just as it was
when they listened to music they disliked,” explained one of the researchers. So, even if you’re listening to music
you like, it’ll still interfere with your work.
This would appear to contradict the findings of scientists who have researched what is popularly known as
the “Mozart Effect”. This concept was invented by French scientist Dr. Alfred A ．Tomatitis in 1991. Tomatitis
published a book, Why Mozart?, which described what he believed were the healing powers of listening to
Mozart’s music.
He also suggested that Mozart’s music could aid brain development. Later studies indicated it might enhance
children’s spatial intelligence, leading to a widespread belief that classical music could boost a child’s IQ. The
governor of the state of Georgia even once advocated allocating over $100,000 annually to supply classical CDs to
every newborn in the state.
Another study seemed to further contradict the idea that music could help with concentration. The
researchers found that surveyed university students mostly preferred studying in silence. Those listening to music
preferred instrumental songs, saying that lyrics are distracting.
So, if you’re studying for an exam, turn off your music!
1．Under which condition did participants perform best in the University of Wales study?
A．Prior exposure to music.
B．Listening to disliked music.
C．Working in silence.
D．Listening to favorite music.
2．What is suggested about the impact of the “Mozart Effect”?
A．It has led to some real-world practices.
B．It has been proven to enhance adult intelligence.
C．It mainly promotes the enjoyment of classical music.
D．It originates from governmental educational policies.
3．What is paragraph 7 mainly about?
A．Lyrics distract more than tunes.
B．Instrumental music aids concentration.
C．Students’ music tastes vary widely.
D．Quiet is often preferred for study.
4．What can be inferred about background music?
A．It best aids creative work.
B．Its effects are inconsistent across studies.
C．It improves performance in concentration tasks.
D．It affects people differently based on preference.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“音乐是否有助于专注”这一主题，介绍了威尔士大学的一项新研
究，并将其与广为人知的“莫扎特效应”以及其他研究进行对比，呈现了关于背景音乐对工作学习影响的
不同科学发现。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The participants generally did better when they were working in silence.(参与者
们在安静的环境中工作时表现通常会更好)”可知，参与者在完全安静的环境下表现最佳。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第六段“He also suggested that Mozart’s music could aid brain development. Later studies
indicated it might enhance children’s spatial intelligence, leading to a widespread belief that classical music could
boost a child’s IQ. The governor of the state of Georgia even once advocated allocating over $100,000 annually to
supply classical CDs to every newborn in the state.(他还指出，莫扎特的音乐有助于大脑发育。后来的研究表
明，这种音乐或许能提高儿童的空间认知能力，从而导致人们普遍认为古典音乐能够提升孩子的智商。佐
治亚州的州长甚至曾提议每年拨出超过10 万美元的资金，为该州的每一个新生儿提供古典音乐光盘)”可知，
这一理论已经影响了一些现实世界的观念并促成了具体的实践提议。故选A。
3．主旨大意题。根据第七段“Another study seemed to further contradict the idea that music could help with
concentration. The researchers found that surveyed university students mostly preferred studying in silence. Those
listening to music preferred instrumental songs, saying that lyrics are distracting.(另一项研究似乎进一步反驳了
音乐有助于提高注意力这一观点。研究人员发现，接受调查的大学生大多更喜欢在安静的环境中学习。而
那些听音乐的学生则更倾向于欣赏纯音乐，他们认为歌词会分散注意力)”可知，该段主要是在阐述一项支
持“安静环境更受偏爱”的研究。故选D。
4．推理判断题。文章依次呈现了多项研究或观点：威尔士大学的研究发现背景音乐（无论喜欢与否）会
干扰记忆表现（第3–4 段）；“莫扎特效应”则认为特定的古典音乐可能有益于儿童大脑发育（第5–6
段）；另一项研究则表明多数学生实际上偏好安静的学习环境（第7 段）。这些发现彼此之间并不一致，
甚至存在矛盾。因此，最合理的推断是，关于背景音乐效果的科学证据在不同的研究中呈现出不一致的结
论。故选B。
押题4
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
327
弗林效应
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
猜测词义
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
George Orwell once wrote that every generation “imagines itself to be more intelligent than the one that
went before it, and wiser than the one that comes after it”. Today, the second part of that observation makes people
feel more concerned than ever, as modern technology is supposedly destroying the minds and cognitive ( 认知的)
abilities of children and young people.
For decades, scientists have noted the occurrence of the Flynn effect, which essentially describes how each
generation is more intelligent than the previous one. But in recent years, this trend seems to be slowing down. Some
think this shows that smartphones and screen time are hurting young minds. However, there may be other more
positive reasons for this change.
The Flynn effect is declining because there is no longer an apparent difference in intelligence scores. Many
would interpret this as meaning young people are becoming less intelligent. However, it could also mean older
people are retaining more of their cognitive abilities as they age, which possibly arises from early-life education,
healthcare, and access to information for those born in the 20th century.
Basically, the narrowing intelligence gap between older and younger people is more likely to be a sign of
things getting better, not worse. There are still concerns about how technology affects young people’s thinking. But
many of these fears may be exaggerated. True, there is evidence that too much screen time can hurt attention spans,
but these problems often come from unhelpful habits, not because of lasting brain damage.
It also helps to consider how we assess intelligence. Old-style standardized tests may not precisely define
intelligence of today’s youth, who grow up in a very different world from their parents.
It is common to think that young people today are intellectually inferior, but the evidence doesn’t support it.
The truth is that the world is becoming more complex, and both young and old are adapting to deal with this — just
in different ways.
1．Why is George Orwell quoted in the first paragraph?
A．To make a comparison.
B．To present a phenomenon.
C．To raise a concern.
D．To introduce an argument.
2．What does the underlined word “retaining” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Keeping.
B．Losing.
C．Valuing.
D．Ignoring.
3．Which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A．The Flynn effect is likely to disappear in the near future.
B．Too much screen time may cause permanent brain damage.
C．Standardized tests should be canceled for future generations.
D．The narrowing intelligence gap signals progress rather than decline.
4．What is the author’s attitude to the idea of young people’s intellectual inferiority?
A．Favorable.
B．Cautious.
C．Opposed.
D．Indifferent.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕弗林效应放缓的现象展开，反驳了科技导致年轻人认知能力下降的
观点，指出老少智力差距缩小是进步的体现。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“George Orwell once wrote that every generation “imagines itself to be more
intelligent than the one that went before it, and wiser than the one that comes after it”. Today, the second part of that
observation makes people feel more concerned than ever, as modern technology is supposedly destroying the minds
and cognitive abilities of children and young people.(乔治·奥威尔曾写道，每一代人都“认为自己比上一代人
更聪明，比下一代人更睿智”。如今，这一观点的后半部分让人们比以往任何时候都更加担忧，因为现代
科技据称正在摧毁儿童和年轻人的心智与认知能力。)”可知，作者引用奥威尔的话，是为了引出当下人们
对现代科技影响年轻人认知能力的争论这一文章核心议题。故选D 项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The Flynn effect is declining because there is no longer an apparent
difference in intelligence scores. Many would interpret this as meaning young people are becoming less intelligent.
However, it could also mean older people are retaining more of their cognitive abilities as they age, which possibly
arises from early-life education, healthcare, and access to information for those born in the 20th century.(弗林效应
正在减弱，因为智力分数不再存在明显差异。许多人会将此解读为年轻人的智力正在下降。然而，这也可
能意味着老年人在变老的过程中retaining 更多的认知能力，这可能源于20 世纪出生的人所接受的早期教育、
医疗保健以及信息获取渠道。)”可知，前文指出老少智力分数差异消失，并非是年轻人变笨，而是老年人
的认知能力有了留存，结合转折逻辑和语境可推知，retaining 意为“保留、保持”，与keeping 意义相近。
故选A 项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Basically, the narrowing intelligence gap between older and younger people
is more likely to be a sign of things getting better, not worse.(基本上，老年人和年轻人之间不断缩小的智力差
距更有可能是情况好转而非恶化的标志。)”可知，作者认为老少之间智力差距的缩小预示着进步而非衰退。
故选D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It is common to think that young people today are intellectually inferior,
but the evidence doesn’t support it.(人们普遍认为如今的年轻人智力低下，但证据并不支持这一观点。)”可知，
作者明确指出当下年轻人智力低下的观点缺乏证据支撑，由此可推知，作者对这一观点持反对态度。故选
C 项。
二、心理学理论——兰花与蒲公英理论
押题1
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
298
兰花与蒲
公英理论
说明文
细节理解
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
People have diverse personalities. If you were to associate your grandparents with flowers, what types of
flowers would they be? A theory called “orchids and dandelions” (兰花与蒲公英) was introduced to describe how
people respond and adapt to their environment. Just like orchids that need specific conditions to thrive and can
struggle in tough situations, some people display a similar nature. On the other hand, dandelions, like weeds, can
grow almost anywhere and stay strong even in difficult environments.
Initially, the theory, which first came out in 2005, was created to understand how kids grow up. But in 2022,
Canadian scholars discovered it might also apply to older people. They investigated the lifestyle activities of more
than 3,530 older adults, such as doing activities with grandchildren and playing card games, and then analyzed the
influence of these activities on their cognitive (认知的) health, including whether their cognitive patterns changed.
The cognitive patterns of “dandelion” elders appear stable, which means that they tend to have better
cognitive health, showing great adaptation and an ability to handle difficulties. Dandelion-type seniors usually
possess strong social networks, engage positively with family members and the community, and always seek out
the silver linings in life experiences. Embracing diverse hobbies or careers, they actively communicate with the
world and realize their values. Their optimistic outlook allows them to find satisfaction and joy in life.
To the contrary, orchid-type seniors, who tend to have more dramatic changes in cognitive patterns, maintain
minimal communication with the outside world and have limited social connections. While deeply passionate about
one or two hobbies or careers, they tend to focus solely on these interests. Although they may do well in familiar
environments, disadvantageous conditions lead them to overreact and struggle, as explained by the website China
Science Communication.
1．What does the “orchids and dandelions” theory mainly describe?
A．How people differ in adapting.
B．Why grandparents love flowers.
C．Why people need specific care.
D．How flowers vary with situations.
2．How did the 2022 study further the theory?
A．By exploring activities’ styles.
B．By extending the theory to elders.
C．By focusing on children’s growth.
D．By engaging card games as subjects.
3．Which is the best description of “dandelion” elders?
A．They rely on others’ guidance much.
B．They center on single hobbies.
C．They stay steady in tough conditions.
D．They worry about daily troubles.
4．What can be the suitable title of the text?
A．Diverse Cognitive Functions
B．New Insights into Aging Theory
C．Hobbies Boosting Brain Development D．Personality Theory’s New Application
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍兰花与蒲公英理论，原用于解释儿童成长适应差异，2022 年研究将
其拓展至老年人，对比两类老人的认知、社交与环境适应特点，展现该人格理论的新应用。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A theory called “orchids and dandelions” (兰花与蒲公英) was introduced to
describe how people respond and adapt to their environment.(一种名为“兰花与蒲公英”的理论被提出，用于
描述人们如何对所处环境做出反应并进行适应)”可知，“兰花与蒲公英”这一理论主要描述的是人们在适
应方面存在的差异。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Initially, the theory, which first came out in 2005, was created to understand how
kids grow up. But in 2022, Canadian scholars discovered it might also apply to older people.(最初，这一理论于
2005 年问世，其目的旨在探究儿童的成长过程。但在2022 年，加拿大的学者们发现，这一理论或许也适
用于老年人)”可知，2022 年的这项研究通过将该理论应用到老年人群体中进一步完善这一理论。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The cognitive patterns of “dandelion” elders appear stable, which means that they
tend to have better cognitive health, showing great adaptation and an ability to handle difficulties.(“蒲公英”类型
老年人的认知模式较为稳定，这意味着他们通常拥有较好的认知健康状况，表现出很强的适应能力和应对
困难的能力)”可知，“蒲公英”型的老年人在艰难的环境中也能保持稳定。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“People have diverse personalities. If you were to associate your grandparents with
flowers, what types of flowers would they be? A theory called “orchids and dandelions” (兰花与蒲公英) was
introduced to describe how people respond and adapt to their environment.(人的性格各不相同。如果你要把你的
祖父母与某种花卉联系起来，你会选择什么样的花卉来代表他们呢？一种名为“兰花与蒲公英”的理论被
提出，用于描述人们如何对所处环境做出反应并进行适应)”结合文章介绍兰花与蒲公英理论，原用于解释
儿童成长适应差异，2022 年研究将其拓展至老年人，对比两类老人的认知、社交与环境适应特点，展现
该人格理论的新应用。可知，D 选项“人格理论的新应用”最符合文章标题。故选D。
押题2
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
353
心态研究
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
For some of us, the word “mindset” might be an unscientific cliches (陈词滥调). A recent research, though,
is showing that our mindset can powerfully shape our lives, thanks to its impact on our perception, motivation and
behavior.
“We think of mindset as a belief about how the world works that, in turn, shapes your interpretations of the
world and your responses to events, as well as your goals,” says David Yeager at the University of Texas at Austin.
It was Carol Dweck at Stanford University who first popularized this concept. She was initially interested in
people’s beliefs about intelligence and how these affected their academic achievement.
In psychological questionnaires, some people will strongly agree with statements like “Your intelligence is
something very basic about you that you can't change very much”. These people are said to have a “fixed mindset”.
Others are more likely to accept statements like “No matter how much intelligence you have, you can always
change it quite a bit”. They are said to have a “growth mindset”. Dweck’s research found that people in the latter
group tended to be more likely to persevere after failure and were more willing to take on challenges outside their
comfort zone — two behaviors that encourage intellectual development.
Inspired by Dweck’s research, psychologists have now uncovered many other mindsets that might affect our
health and prosperity. Alia Crum, also at Stanford University, has pioneered research on “stress mindsets”, showing
that people who believe that stress is enhancing and energizing tend to cope better with life’s challenges than those
who believe that stress is harmful.
Mindset research has at times been misinterpreted. The scientists behind it would never propose that a
positive mindset can work miracles. “Do people with the growth mindset believe that anyone with proper
motivation and education can become Einstein or Beethoven?” Dweck wrote. “No, but they believe that a person’s
true potential is unknown and unknowable.”
So, a positive attitude can’t create instant riches. But it can help us to put in the necessary efforts to reach our
goals — and to cope with the tears along the way.
1．What did Carol Dweck focus on at the beginning of mindset research?
A．Ways to popularize mindset.
B．Differences among mindsets.
C．Reasons for unscientific cliches.
D．Impacts of mindset on intellectual performance.
2．What do people with growth mindset tend to do?
A．Avoid taking on challenges.
B．Keep on going after setbacks.
C．Give up shifting after failure.
D．Change intelligence quite often.
3．Why does the writer mention Einstein and Beethoven in Paragraphs 5?
A．To illustrate mindset can be overvalued at times.
B．To state mindset is a good tool to hold back tears.
C．To prove mindset may help us explore our potential.
D．To explain mindset may have many negative influences.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To compare different behaviors.
B．To clarify a misinformed conception.
C．To analyze motivations and responses.
D．To illustrate an effective approach to studying.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“心态”这一概念并非不科学的陈词滥调，结合研究阐述了
固定心态与成长心态的区别，以及心态对人们生活、健康等方面的影响，并澄清了对心态研究的误解。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was Carol Dweck at Stanford University who first popularized this
concept. She was initially interested in people’s beliefs about intelligence and how these affected their academic
achievement.(是斯坦福大学的卡罗尔·德韦克首先普及了这一概念。起初，她对人们关于智力的信念以及这
些信念如何影响他们的学业成绩感兴趣)”可知，卡罗尔·德韦克在心态研究初期，重点关注心态对智力表现
（学业成绩）的影响。故选D 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dweck’s research found that people in the latter group tended to be more
likely to persevere after failure and were more willing to take on challenges outside their comfort zone — two
behaviors that encourage intellectual development.(德韦克的研究发现，后一组人（成长心态者）往往更有可
能在失败后坚持不懈，也更愿意接受舒适区之外的挑战——这两种行为都有助于智力发展)”可知，成长心
态的人在挫折后会坚持下去。故选B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Mindset research has at times been misinterpreted. The scientists behind it
would never propose that a positive mindset can work miracles. “Do people with the growth mindset believe that
anyone with proper motivation and education can become Einstein or Beethoven?” Dweck wrote. “No, but they
believe that a person’s true potential is unknown and unknowable.”(心态研究有时会被误解。背后的科学家们绝
不会提出积极的心态能创造奇迹。德韦克写道：“成长心态的人会认为，只要有适当的动机和教育，任何
人都能成为爱因斯坦或贝多芬吗？不，但他们相信，一个人真正的潜力是未知且不可知的。”)”可知，作
者提及爱因斯坦和贝多芬，是为了澄清对心态的误解——并非积极心态能创造奇迹，以此说明心态有时会
被过高评价。故选A 项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章开头先指出有人认为“心态”是不科学的陈词滥调，随后通过研究
阐述心态的概念、分类及影响，接着重点澄清了对心态研究的误解（如认为积极心态能创造奇迹），最后
总结积极心态虽不能创造奇迹，但能帮助人们努力实现目标、应对困难。由此可知，作者的写作目的是澄
清对“心态”这一概念的错误认知。故选B 项。
押题3
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
351
多巴胺戒
断
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
猜测词义
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
In recent years, a trend known as the “dopamine detox” ( 多巴胺戒断) has become popular, especially
among young people who feel stressed out by constant digital stimulation. During a detox, participants avoid
activities that bring quick pleasure — such as scrolling through social media, eating junk food, playing video games
or watching endless online content. Supporters believe that modern life overstimulates the brain, making it harder
for people to enjoy simple moments. A period of self-control, they claim, can help people reset and find joy in
ordinary experiences again.
What truly is behind this trend, however, is not scientific proof but people’s dissatisfaction with their own
habits. Many feel stuck in cycles shaped by notifications ( 通知) and the feed controlled by big data. But
neuroscientists point out that the scientific explanation behind dopamine detox is misleading. Dopamine is not
simply a pleasure chemical, nor is it something that runs out. It plays essential roles in movement, learning, and
decision-making. Its loss, as seen in illnesses such as Parkinson’s disease, leads to serious problems. Within the
brain’s reward system, dopamine signals when an outcome is better or worse than expected, gradually helping to
turn repeated behaviors into automatic habits.
Habits can be beneficial because they save mental effort. Yet they can also lock people when the behavior
continues even without real enjoyment. Digital platforms take advantage of this tendency by providing quick,
unpredictable rewards that keep users ensnared. In this sense, taking an intentional break can indeed weaken old
patterns — not by “repairing” dopamine, but through the brain’s natural ability to change.
Studies show that short breaks from social media may have limited impact, possibly because people feel left
out. Longer breaks, especially when taken as a group, seem more effective. In one British study, students stayed off
social media for three weeks and later reported better sleep and improved mood.
A dopamine detox, then, is less scientifically grounded treatment and more a practical way to reset habits. Its
real value lies in helping people regain focus, reduce unhealthy routines, and make room for activities that truly
enrich their lives.
1．What leads to the rise of the dopamine detox?
A．Public’s eagerness to follow a trend.
B．The recommendation from the experts.
C．The misinterpretation of dopamine’s function.
D．People’s disappointment with their behavioral patterns.
2．What do we know about dopamine?
A．It is vital to human well-being.
B．It is easily exhausted if overused.
C．It serves merely as a pleasure chemical.
D．It prevents the formation of automatic habits.
3．What does the underlined word “ensnared” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Alarmed.
B．Trapped.
C．Examined.
D．Informed.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the dopamine detox?
A．Objective.
B．Unclear.
C．Critical.
D．Uncaring.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了“多巴胺戒断”这一流行趋势，分析了其背后的心理动机，澄清
了关于多巴胺功能的科学误解，并客观评价了这种做法的实际效果与价值。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent years, a trend known as the “dopamine detox” (多巴胺戒断) has
become popular, especially among young people who feel stressed out by constant digital stimulation.(近年来，
“多巴胺戒断”这一概念逐渐流行起来，尤其深受那些因持续数字刺激而感到压力倍增的年轻人追捧)”和
第二段中“What truly is behind this trend, however, is not scientific proof but people’s dissatisfaction with their
own habits. (然而，这一趋势背后真正的原因不是科学证据，而是人们对自己习惯的不满)”可知，多巴胺戒
断兴起的根本原因是人们对其行为模式(习惯)的失望。故选D 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dopamine is not simply a pleasure chemical, nor is it something that runs out.
It plays essential roles in movement, learning, and decision-making. Its loss, as seen in illnesses such as Parkinson’s
disease, leads to serious problems. (多巴胺不仅仅是快乐化学物质，也不是会耗尽的东西。它在运动、学习和
决策中扮演着至关重要的角色。它的缺失，如帕金森病等疾病中所见，会导致严重的问题)”可知，多巴胺
对人类的福祉至关重要。故选A 项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Digital platforms take advantage of this tendency by providing quick,
unpredictable rewards that keep users ensnared. (数字平台通过提供快速、不可预测的奖励来利用这种倾向，
让用户被ensnared)”和常识可知，奖励能使用户深陷其中，让其“被困住”，故划线词与B 项“Trapped”意
思一致。故选B 项。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，根据第二段“. But neuroscientists point out that the scientific explanation
behind dopamine detox is misleading.(但神经科学家指出，多巴胺戒断法背后的科学解释具有误导性)以及根
据最后一段“A dopamine detox, then, is less scientifically grounded treatment and more a practical way to reset
habits. Its real value lies in helping people regain focus, reduce unhealthy routines, and make room for activities
that truly enrich their lives. (因此，多巴胺戒断与其说是一种有科学依据的治疗方法，不如说是一种重置习惯
的实用方式。它的真正价值在于帮助人们重新集中注意力，减少不健康的日常活动，并为真正丰富他们生
活的活动腾出空间)”可知，作者既指出了其科学解释的误导性，又肯定了其作为习惯重置工具的实际价值，
态度是客观的。故选A 项。
三、心理学实验
押题1
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
351
通过对比 “天才” 与 “社交
者” 群体的思想实验，表明情商
带来的社交联结比智商更能推动
知识传播和团队、群体的成功
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重
要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见
话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉
及每个人的幸福生活。
When it comes to getting ahead, is IQ or EQ more important? There are tons of studies that weigh in on the
question, using a wide range of approaches, but according to Joseph Henrich, a professor of human biology at
Harvard, who studies how cultures evolve, a little bit of math can settle the question once and for all.
Henrich’s insight comes from his book The Secret of Success. In an interesting thought experiment, he
imagines two contrasting societies. The first is populated by “Geniuses”, individuals of extraordinary intelligence.
However, their cognitive brilliance comes at a social cost — they are awkward and each has only one friend. The
second society consists of “Butterflies”. While far less intelligent — taking vastly longer to make a breakthrough
— they are highly sociable, with each Butterfly having ten friends.
The experiment models how innovation spreads. Individuals can either discover something new themselves
or learn it from a friend, though learning from others is assumed to be only 50% effective. The results are striking.
Despite their superior individual creativity, fewer than one in five Geniuses (18%) ultimately possess the new
innovation. Conversely, an overwhelming 99.9% of Butterflies come to know it, though only 0.1% figured it out on
their own. This dramatic difference highlights a powerful truth: a strong, interconnected social network is a far
more effective engine for spreading knowledge and progress than a collection of isolated, brilliant minds.
This insight has direct implications for building effective teams and organizations. While intelligent
“Geniuses” are essential for generating original ideas, a team composed solely of them may struggle. Their ideas
often remain confined, failing to gain notice or be adopted by others. Therefore, organizations should pair such
brilliant thinkers with “Butterflies” — socially attuned individuals who excel at communication, connection, and
rapidly adopting and disseminating successful practices from those around them.
While individual intelligence (IQ) is undoubtedly valuable for creating new concepts, the experiment
demonstrates that collective achievement depends heavily on the social fabric that binds a group together. For a
team or society to truly thrive and propagate ideas, the connective power of social skills (EQ) proves to be
ultimately more critical than raw cognitive horsepower alone.
1．How did Harvard professor Joseph Henrich conduct his thought experiment?
A．By quoting the conclusion of the previous researches.
B．By analyzing the statistics collected in former experiment.
C．By listing the causes and effects of the debate.
D．By comparing the results of two different groups.
2．What can be inferred from the results of the experiment?
A．Individual intelligence is useless in a group setting.
B．Having more friends guarantees personal success.
C．The speed and scale of learning are enhanced by social networks.
D．Geniuses are not interested in learning from others.
3．Based on the article’s advice for building a team, what is the likely outcome of having only “Geniuses” in an
organization?
A．Many brilliant ideas will be generated and spread quickly.
B．Ideas may be created but fail to gain recognition within the group.
C．The organization will become the most innovative in its field.
D．Team members will develop stronger social skills over time.
4．What is the author’s overall attitude towards the role of EQ compared to IQ in achieving group success?
A．IQ-prioritized. B．Neutral.
C．EQ-focused.
D．Uncertain.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。哈佛教授 Henrich 通过对比 “天才” 与 “社交者” 群体的思想实验，表明
情商带来的社交联结比智商更能推动知识传播和团队、群体的成功。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In an interesting thought experiment, he imagines two contrasting societies. The
first is populated by “Geniuses”, individuals of extraordinary intelligence. However, their cognitive brilliance
comes at a social cost — they are awkward and each has only one friend. The second society consists of
“Butterflies”. While far less intelligent — taking vastly longer to make a breakthrough — they are highly sociable,
with each Butterfly having ten friends.(在一次有趣的思维实验中，他设想了两种截然不同的社会形态。第一
个社会由“天才”构成，这些是拥有非凡智力的个体。然而，他们的智力超群却带来了社会层面的代价
——他们举止笨拙，而且每个人只有一个朋友。第二个社会则由“蝴蝶”组成。这些“蝴蝶”远不如前者
聪明——他们需要花费极长的时间才能取得突破——但它们非常善于社交，每个“蝴蝶”都有十位朋友)”
可知，哈佛大学教授约瑟夫·亨里奇通过对比两个不同群体的结果进行他的这一思想实验。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Conversely, an overwhelming 99.9% of Butterflies come to know it, though only
0.1% figured it out on their own. This dramatic difference highlights a powerful truth: a strong, interconnected
social network is a far more effective engine for spreading knowledge and progress than a collection of isolated,
brilliant minds.(相反，99.9%的蝴蝶都知晓了这一点，而仅有0.1%的蝴蝶是自己领悟到的。这种巨大的差异
凸显了一个深刻的真理：一个强大且相互关联的社会网络在传播知识和推动进步方面，远比一群孤立的、
才华横溢的个体所形成的集合体更为有效)”可知，社交网络能够提高学习的速度和规模。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“While intelligent “Geniuses” are essential for generating original ideas, a
team composed solely of them may struggle. Their ideas often remain confined, failing to gain notice or be adopted
by others.(虽然聪明的“天才”对于产生新颖的想法至关重要，但仅由他们组成的工作团队可能会遇到困难。
他们的想法往往局限在内部，无法引起关注，也无法被他人采纳)”可知，如果一个组织中只有“天才”员
工，那么会涌现出许多想法，但这些想法却无法在团队内部得到认可。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“For a team or society to truly thrive and propagate ideas, the connective power
of social skills (EQ) proves to be ultimately more critical than raw cognitive horsepower alone.(对于一个团队或一
个社会而言，要想真正蓬勃发展并传播理念，社交技能（情商）所具有的连接作用最终要比单纯的智力优
势更为关键)”可知，作者认为在团队成功中情商比智商更关键，态度以情商为核心。故选C。
押题2
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
362
一项具体的心理学实
验，探讨了儿童与教育
类人机器人互动时的社
会行为与认知
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题
型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高
成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素
材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生活。
The presence of robots in schools is no longer surprising. We already know that robots and virtual assistants
can support constructive educational outcomes and healthy social development in children. It also turns out that
they can increase children’s engagement in learning. Robots in education can be programmed in a variety of ways.
For example, they can adapt teaching methods to individual students’ needs, boost students’ motivation and
engagement through fun, or provide immediate feedback.
However, Konrad Maj, first author of the study, emphasizes that it is important to remember that interactions
with robots also raise certain concerns, such as whether long-term contact with them will negatively impact
children’s social behavior. This leads to fundamental questions: How do elementary school children treat humanoid
robots? Are they polite to them, and willing to attribute (赋予) human-like qualities to them? This is the focus of
researchers: Konrad Maj, Ariadna Go bicka, and Zuzanna Siwińska in a new study.
In the study, the researchers used a 120-centimeter-tall humanoid robot, Pepper, with a child-like appearance.
The study participants included 251 children aged 7—12. The researchers considered two aspects: the robot’s
communicative style toward humans (polite or commanding) and its “gender” (female or male). During the study,
children were introduced to a robot that imitated (模仿) animals for them, and observed its reaction to an attempt to
take its photo (either polite or with a firm message not to do so), to which they were instructed to respond. They
then answered questions about Pepper — for example, whether they thought it could be happy, dream, or imagine
things.
It turned out that children interacting with a polite robot usually responded politely, even when the robot was
commanding — showing social norms outweighed imitation. Younger children and girls were more likely to
personify the robot, especially when it was polite, female, and matched gender expectations. Polite robots were also
seen as more human-like than commanding ones.
The results suggest that tailoring a robot’s communication to children’s developmental level and social
expectations can boost engagement and support learning — and as robots enter classrooms, understanding how kids
perceive them will be key to making them effective learning partners.
1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．The functions of virtual assistants.
B．The benefits of robots in education.
C．The engagement with technology.
D．The programming methods for robots.
2．What did the researchers try to study?
A．Why female robots treat children politely.
B．What gender children assign to robots.
C．Whether children obey robots’ commands.
D．How children treat and personify robots.
3．How did the researchers mainly conduct the study?
A．By conducting controlled experiments.
B．By comparing data from previous studies.
C．By interviewing parents about their children.
D．By tracking children’s long-term performance.
4．What is a finding of the study according to paragraph 4?
A．Robots tend to weaken social norms.
B．Older children show more politeness.
C．Children’s politeness comes from imitation.
D．Polite robots are perceived as more human.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一项具体的心理学实验，探讨了儿童与教育类人机器人互动时的社会
行为与认知。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“We already know that robots and virtual assistants can support constructive
educational outcomes and healthy social development in children. It also turns out that they can increase children’s
engagement in learning.(我们已经知道，机器人和虚拟助手有助于实现积极的教育成果，促进儿童的健康社
交发展。研究还发现，它们能提高儿童的学习参与度。)”可知，第一段核心介绍了机器人应用在教育领域
的诸多益处。故选B 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“This leads to fundamental questions: How do elementary school children treat
humanoid robots? Are they polite to them, and willing to attribute (赋予) human-like qualities to them? This is the
focus of researchers: Konrad Maj, Ariadna Go bicka, and Zuzanna Siwińska in a new study.(这引发了一些根本性
问题：小学生会如何对待人形机器人？他们会对机器人彬彬有礼吗？是否愿意将类人特质赋予它们？这正
是康拉德
马伊、阿里亚德娜
戈比卡和祖扎娜
斯维恩斯卡三位研究者在一项新研究中探讨的核心问
・
・
・
题。)”可知，研究人员的研究重点是儿童如何对待人形机器人以及是否会将其拟人化。故选D 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers considered two aspects: the robot’s communicative style toward
humans (polite or commanding) and its “gender” (female or male). During the study, children were introduced to a
robot that imitated (模仿) animals for them, and observed its reaction to an attempt to take its photo (either polite or
with a firm message not to do so), to which they were instructed to respond.(研究人员设定了两个研究维度：机
器人面向人类的交流风格（礼貌型或指令型），以及机器人的虚拟“性别”（女性或男性）。研究过程中，
孩子们与一台为其模仿动物的机器人产生互动，观察机器人对拍照行为的回应 —— 或是礼貌劝阻，或是
强硬示意禁止，研究人员还要求孩子们对机器人的这一回应做出反应。)”可知，研究人员通过设置可控的
变量开展实验，以此进行研究。故选A 项。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Polite robots were also seen as more human-like than commanding ones.(相比命
令型的机器人，礼貌型的机器人也被认为更具有人类的特质。)”可知，该研究的一个发现是礼貌的机器人
会被认为更具有人类的特质。故选D 项。
押题3
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
365
盲目推崇积极思考
可能带来隐藏危害
的过程
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌
握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关
键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，关注心理健
猜测词义
康是涉及每个人的幸福生活。
We often hear the same advice from parents, teachers and self-help books: “Think positive, and everything
will get better.” For years, I guided my students and friends with this idea. I told them that a positive mind is the
key to solving life’s difficulties and that they should never give in to negative feelings. I truly believed that positive
thinking could magically fix any problem.
Then I started to dig deeper into this so-called “positive thinking culture” as a psychologist. I studied
different social groups and interviewed hundreds of people about how they dealt with stress and failure. What I
discovered completely changed my mind.
Many people nowadays treat positive thinking as a necessary life skill. Especially in difficult times, people
are told to focus only on the bright side and avoid sad or angry thoughts. Supporters argue that positive thinking
builds confidence, reduces stress, and helps people move on quickly from hard experiences. It has become such a
popular idea that we seldom question whether it actually works for everyone.
However, my research shows that forcing positivity often does more harm than good. It can exacerbate
people’s mental stress and deepen feelings of loneliness. When people are told to “just cheer up” during serious
difficulties, they may hide their true feelings and refuse to seek help. Worse still, this culture unfairly blames the
victims. If someone remains sad or fails to improve, society often thinks it is their own fault for “not being positive
enough”. This creates hidden unfairness toward people who are already struggling in life.
What’s more, the “positive thinking only” culture benefits certain groups more. Companies and social media
influencers often promote this idea because it makes people accept their difficulties passively instead of asking for
real changes. Workers who keep “thinking positive” may silently stand low pay and heavy work without
complaining. In this way, the blind positivity that is widely celebrated actually serves the needs of those in power.
1．What did the author advise people to do for years?
A．Develop life skills actively.
B．Focus on positive thinking.
C．Solve problems independently.
D．Ask for help when feeling down.
2．How did the author feel after his research on positive thinking?
A．Doubtful about further study.
B．Satisfied with its wide influence.
C．Surprised by its hidden harm.
D．Confident of its practical value.
3．What does the underlined word “exacerbate” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Reduce.
B．Worsen.
C．Relieve.
D．Cause.
4．What does the author say about the “positive thinking only” culture?
A．It helps workers improve their living standards.
B．It encourages people to fight for social changes.
C．It equally supports every group in modern society.
D．It makes people passively accept unfair situations.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，本文讲述了作者作为一名心理学家，从最初信奉“积极思考能解决一切”的观
念，到通过研究发现盲目推崇积极思考可能带来隐藏危害的过程。文章指出，强迫性积极不仅会加剧人们
的心理压力，还可能使人们被动接受不公，最终服务于特定群体的利益。
1．细节理解题。定位原文第一段“For years, I guided my students and friends with this idea. I told them that a
positive mind is the key to solving life’s difficulties and that they should never give in to negative feelings.(多年来，
我一直以此理念来引导我的学生和朋友们。我告诉他们，积极的心态是解决生活难题的关键，而且他们永
远不应屈服于消极的情绪)”，可知作者多年来一直建议人们专注于积极思考，故选B。
2．推理判断题。定位原文第二段“What I discovered completely changed my mind.(我所发现的情况彻底改
变了我的看法)”及第四段揭示积极思维危害的内容“It can exacerbate people’s mental stress and deepen
feelings of loneliness. When people are told to “just cheer up” during serious difficulties, they may hide their true
feelings and refuse to seek help. Worse still, this culture unfairly blames the victims.(它会加重人们的心理压力，
加深孤独感。当人们在面临严重困难时被要求“振作起来”时，他们可能会压抑自己的真实情感，拒绝寻
求帮助。更糟糕的是，这种文化会不公平地指责受害者)”，可知作者在研究后发现积极思考存在隐藏危害，
感到惊讶。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。 定位原文第四段“It can exacerbate people’s mental stress and deepen feelings of loneliness.
(它会exacerbate 人们的心理压力，加深孤独感)”，前句说“forcing positivity often does more harm than
good(强迫性积极往往弊大于利)”，后文提到导致人们隐藏真实感受、加深孤独，可合理推断exacerbate 意
为“加剧、恶化”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。定位原文最后一段“Companies and social media influencers often promote this idea because it
makes people accept their difficulties passively instead of asking for real changes.(企业和社交媒体影响力人士常
常宣扬这种观点，因为它能让人们被动地接受自身的困境，而不会主动要求做出实质性的改变)”及“In this
way, the blind positivity that is widely celebrated actually serves the needs of those in power.(这样一来，这种被
广泛推崇的盲目乐观实际上恰恰服务于当权者的利益)”，可知“唯积极论”文化让人们被动接受不公平处
境，故选D。
押题4
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
338
明知选择会带
来伤害却仍执
意为之的原因
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
Why do some people keep making choices that hurt them, even when the outcomes are obvious? A new
study led by UNSW Sydney’s Dr Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel has found that for a small number of people, the
problem isn’t due to a lack of motivation or capacity, but rather a persistent failure to connect their actions with its
consequences.
The paper, published recently in Nature Communications Psychology, details a simple online learning game
where participants are faced with making choices that lead to either reward or punishment. Researchers observed
three distinct behavioural types.
There were Sensitives — those who worked out which choices led to bad outcomes and changed their
behaviour to avoid them. Next were the Unawares — people who didn’t work it out, but were able to modify their
strategies once they were shown the error of their ways. The third group — and the ones who the researchers were
most interested in — were the Compulsives, who continued to make the wrong choices even after being shown
where their strategy was letting them down.
“We found that some people just don’t learn from experience,” said Dr Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel. “Even
when they’re motivated to avoid harm and are paying attention, they fail to realise their own behaviour is causing
the problem.”
While the researchers are careful not to overstate the findings, the results of the punishment-learning-game
experiments could inform the way we tailor treatments for self-destructive behaviour like gambling ( 赌博), drug
and alcohol addictions. “Of course, real life is far more complex than the simple game we designed,” Dr Jean-
Richard-dit-Bressel said. “But the patterns we’re seeing, where people ignore both experience and information, are
similar to what we see in gambling and other compulsive behaviours.”
The research also has important implications for public health messaging. Currently, most campaigns rely on
providing information — about smoking, drinking, diet, or financial risks — with the assumption that people will
act on it. But this study suggests that for some, like Compulsives, a different kind of intervention may be needed.
1．What does Dr Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel’s research focus on?
A．Key elements in choice-making.
B．Opportunity cost in choice-making.
C．The link between choices and outcomes.D．The causes of self-destructive choices.
2．What do we know about the Compulsives?
A．They lack the ability to concentrate.
B．They fail to recognize bad outcomes.
C．They are unable to learn from experience.
D．They are unwilling to admit their mistakes.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．A limitation of the research.
B．An explanation of the research methods.
C．Supporting evidence for the research results. D．Potential application of the research findings.
4．What does the author think of current public health messaging?
A．It’s inaccessible.
B．It’s insufficient.
C．It’s misleading.
D．It’s unnecessary.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了新南威尔士大学的Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel 博士的一项新研究，
该研究探究了部分人明知选择会带来伤害却仍执意为之的原因，发现这类人并非缺乏动力或能力，而是无
法将行为与后果关联起来。研究划分了三种行为类型，并指出研究结果可为赌博、成瘾等自我毁灭行为的
治疗提供参考，也对公共健康宣传方式有重要启示。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Why do some people keep making choices that hurt them, even when the
outcomes are obvious? A new study led by UNSW Sydney’s Dr Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel has found that for a
small number of people, the problem isn’t due to a lack of motivation or capacity, but rather a persistent failure to
connect their actions with its consequences. (为什么有些人总是做出伤害他们的选择，即使结果很明显？新南
威尔士大学悉尼分校的Philip Jean-Richard dit-Bressel 博士领导的一项新研究发现，对于少数人来说，问题
不是由于缺乏动力或能力，而是由于他们一直未能将自己的行为与其后果联系起来。)”可知，Philip Jean-
Richard-dit-Bressel 博士的研究聚焦于部分人做出自我毁灭式选择的原因。故选D 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段““We found that some people just don’t learn from experience,” said Dr Jean-
Richard-dit-Bressel. “Even when they’re motivated to avoid harm and are paying attention, they fail to realise their
own behaviour is causing the problem.” (“我们发现，有些人就是不会从经验中学习，”Jean-Richard-dit-
Bressel 博士说。“即使他们有动力避免伤害并且注意力集中，他们也没有意识到自己的行为正在导致问
题。”)”可知，强迫型人群无法从经验中学习。故选C 项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“While the researchers are careful not to overstate the findings, the results of the
punishment-learning-game experiments could inform the way we tailor treatments for self-destructive behaviour
like gambling (赌博), drug and alcohol addictions. (虽然研究人员谨慎地避免夸大研究结果，但惩罚学习游戏
实验的结果可以为我们量身定制针对赌博、吸毒和酗酒等自我毁灭行为的治疗方法提供参考。)”可知，本
段主要讲述了该研究结果在治疗自我毁灭行为方面的潜在应用价值。故选D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Currently, most campaigns rely on providing information — about smoking,
drinking, diet, or financial risks — with the assumption that people will act on it. But this study suggests that for
some, like Compulsives, a different kind of intervention may be needed. (目前，大多数宣传活动都依赖于提供
有关吸烟、饮酒、饮食或金融风险的信息，并假设人们会根据这些信息采取行动。但这项研究表明，对于
一些人，比如强迫性行为者，可能需要采取不同的干预措施。)”可知，当前的公共健康宣传仅依靠提供信
息，对部分人群无效，需要其他干预方式，因此作者认为其是不够的。故选B 项。
押题5
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
351
介绍了人类对被认可的需
求、“静止脸”实验、人
生的“第一教育”以及共
情能力的培养等相关内容
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
猜测词义
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题
型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提
高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的
素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
“Recognition is the first human quest,” the journalist Andy Crouch writes in his book The Life We are
Looking for. Babies come out of the womb (子宫) looking for a face that will see them, a parent or a caretaker who
will attend to their needs. When their needs are not seen, they are emotionally hurt.
Psychologists sometimes conduct “still face” experiments in which mothers are asked not to respond to their
babies’ attempts to gain attention. When the babies send out signals for love and care, the mothers remain
expressionless. At first, the babies appear uneasy. Soon, they cry in sorrow. These experiments are not designed to
cause harm, but to reveal how deeply human beings depend on being recognized by others.
Such experiences form what may be called the first education of life. From the very beginning, every child is
searching for answers to basic questions: Am I safe? How does love work? Am I worthy? Even in babyhood, we
internalize the answers to these questions based on what we see and how we are treated. This education does not
end in childhood but continues into later adulthood, shaping how people see themselves and relate to others.
The above fact tells us that everyone needs attention, so people need to develop empathy — a set of social
and emotional skills that allow them to understand others. But how to develop it? One of the earliest skills related
to empathy is mirroring. Mirroring means accurately catching the emotion of the person in front of you.
A person who is good at mirroring is quick to experience others’ emotions. He is able to smile at smiles and
frown at frowns. This happens because a powerful way to understand another person’s feelings is to live them out
yourself in your own body. Through such shared emotional experiences, empathy is gradually formed rather than
naturally given.
When people experience reliable and empathetic recognition, they feel safe. And a person who feels safe
because of others’ empathetic presence is more likely to see the world as a wider, more open, and happier place.
1．Why do psychologists conduct “still face” experiments?
A．To stop emotional hurt to babies.
B．To test mothers’ reactions to babies.
C．To teach adults some parenting skills.
D．To study babies’ needs for recognition.
2．What does the author suggest about “the first education of life”?
A．It lasts through a life time.
B．It is formed by relations to schools.
C．It ends in early childhood.
D．It is gained by proposing questions.
3．What does the underlined phrase “live them out” probably mean in paragraph 5?
A．Hide the feelings.
B．Ease the feelings.
C．Feel the feelings.
D．Overcome the feelings.
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The world makes people more empathetic.
B．Recognition shapes people’s world view.
C．Emotional safety promotes independence.
D．Happiness comes after showing empathy.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人类对被认可的需求、“静止脸”实验、人生的“第一教
育”以及共情能力的培养等相关内容。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“These experiments are not designed to cause harm, but to reveal how deeply
human beings depend on being recognized by others.(这些实验不是为了造成伤害，而是为了揭示人类对他人
认可的依赖程度有多深。)”可知，心理学家进行“静止脸”实验是为了研究婴儿对被认可的需求。故选
D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This education does not end in childhood but continues into later adulthood,
shaping how people see themselves and relate to others.(这种教育不会在童年结束，而是持续到成年之后，塑
造人们如何看待自己以及与他人的关系。)”可知，人生的“第一教育”会持续一生。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据第五段“A person who is good at mirroring is quick to experience others’ emotions. He is
able to smile at smiles and frown at frowns. This happens because a powerful way to understand another person’s
feelings is to live them out yourself in your own body.(擅长镜像反应的人能快速体验他人的情绪。他能对着
微笑微笑，对着皱眉皱眉。这是因为理解他人感受的一个有效方法就是在自己的身体里live them out 你自
己。)”可知，理解他人情绪的有力方式是通过自己的身体亲身感受这些情绪，因此猜测“live them out”在
这里的意思是“感受这些情绪”。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When people experience reliable and empathetic recognition, they feel safe.
And a person who feels safe because of others’ empathetic presence is more likely to see the world as a wider, more
open, and happier place.(当人们体验到可靠且共情的认可时，他们会感到安全。而一个因他人的共情存在而
感到安全的人，更有可能将世界视为一个更广阔、更开放、更幸福的地方。)”可知，被认可的经历会塑造
人们的世界观。故选B。
四、心理学与日常生活
押题1
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
356
探讨通过控制呼吸减轻压力背
后的科学依据，以及相关研究
的成果与局限
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
猜测词义
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要
题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题
是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题
常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人
的幸福生活。
In central London, groups of young professionals regularly meet at a meditation ( 冥想) studio called
7Breaths. Their main activity is not typical yoga or meditation, but a specific practice called “breathwork”. In these
classes, an instructor guides participants to focus on and control their breathing. The goal is simple: to feel less
stressed.
The idea that controlling your breath can calm your mind is not new. For example, ancient Hindu texts
written over 2,000 years ago described “pranayama”, a yoga practice focused on breath control. But does it really
work for everyone? To answer this, scientists use randomised-controlled trials (RCTs).
A 2023 analysis of 12 such studies, involving 785 people, examined the effect of slow breathing on stress.
The results showed that participants who did breathwork felt more stress reduction than those in the control groups.
The positive effect was small but clear, and similar to what is sometimes seen with online treatment.
However, there are some reasons to be careful. In several of these studies, the control groups were people on
a waiting list for mental health treatment. Waiting for help can sometimes make people feel worse, which could
make the breathwork group seem more effective by comparison.
A more recent study from Stanford University tested different daily five-minute breathing exercises for one
month. While all participants felt better at first, only those doing structured breathwork continued to feel their mood
improve over time. One method, “cyclic sighing” (two short breathing-ins followed by a long breathing out),
showed the best results.
How can just breathing change your mood? One theory is that it serves as distraction from negative
thoughts, which is the key mechanism. Focusing closely on breathing leaves little room for other thoughts.
Science also shows that slow, controlled breathing can increase “heart-rate variability”—a measure of the
variation in time between heartbeats. Low levels are often linked to conditions like depression. There is even
animal research suggesting that the brain circuits （脑回路） for slow breathing and stress regulation are
connected.
While the scientific evidence is still developing, the practice has very few risks and may soon become a
recognized tool for improving mental well-being.
1．Why do people attend breathwork classes at 7Breaths?
A．To learn ancient yoga techniques.
B．To achieve mental relaxation.
C．To practice special meditation.
D．To study stress-related disorders.
2．What does paragraph 4 focus on about the research?
A．The function of the control group.
B．The limitation of previous studies.
C．The effect of breath control practice.
D．The link between breathing and health.
3．What does the underlined word “distraction” in paragraph 6 mean?
A．A complete removal of worry.
B．A way to strengthen memory.
C．Something that takes attention away.
D．Something that causes deep thinking.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Science Behind Breathwork for Stress
B．7Breaths: A London Studio’s Success Story
C．Ancient Wisdom: Breath Control Practices
D．A Comparison of Modern Breathing Methods
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍在伦敦中心流行的“呼吸练习”课程，探讨通过控制呼吸减轻压力
背后的科学依据，以及相关研究的成果与局限。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Their main activity is not typical yoga or meditation, but a specific practice called
“breathwork”. In these classes, an instructor guides participants to focus on and control their breathing. The goal is
simple: to feel less stressed.(他们的主要活动并非传统的瑜伽或冥想，而是一种名为“呼吸法”的特定练习。
在这些课程中，一位指导老师引导参与者专注并控制自己的呼吸。目标很简单：减轻压力)”可知，人们参
加7Breaths 的呼吸练习课程是为了实现精神放松。故选B 项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, there are some reasons to be careful. In several of these studies, the
control groups were people on a waiting list for mental health treatment. Waiting for help can sometimes make
people feel worse, which could make the breathwork group seem more effective by comparison.(然而，有一些需
要谨慎对待的理由。在其中几项研究中，对照组是等待心理健康治疗的人。等待帮助有时会让人感觉更糟，
相比之下，这可能会使呼吸练习组看起来更有效)”可知，该段主要聚焦于先前研究的局限性。故选B 项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第六段“How can just breathing change your mood? One theory is that it serves as
distraction from negative thoughts, which is the key mechanism. Focusing closely on breathing leaves little room
for other thoughts.(仅仅呼吸怎么能改变你的情绪呢？一种理论是，它起到了从消极想法中distraction 的作用，
这是关键机制。密切专注于呼吸几乎没有留给其他想法的空间)”可知，专注于呼吸就无暇顾及其他想法，
所以distraction 意思是“转移注意力的事物”，与“Something that takes attention away”意思相符。故选C
项。
4．主旨大意题。文章开篇介绍在伦敦中心流行的“呼吸练习”课程，接着阐述通过控制呼吸减轻压力背
后的科学依据，包括相关研究成果及研究存在的局限性等，所以“A. The Science Behind Breathwork for
Stress (呼吸练习缓解压力背后的科学)”最适合作为文章标题。故选A 项。
押题2
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
334
真正的快乐源于人
与人之间具体、独
特的相处与体验
说明文
推理判断
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌
握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关
键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，关注心理健
康是涉及每个人的幸福生活。
This is depressing: people are using AI to solve escape room puzzles and cheat at trivia nights. It’s like going
into a corn maze (迷宫) and just wanting a straight line to the end. Surely, that is the definition of wrecking your
own fun.
I’m puzzled how anyone could enjoy using a large language model (LLM) to sound “clever” or participate in
any AI-hacked hobby. It doesn’t matter much, I suppose — this isn’t AI as existential threat. But it matters for fun
— let the bots take our work, but not our joy! I wouldn’t tell anyone how to enjoy themselves — I’m no expert on
fun, and would definitely end up sounding like an AI-generated Substack if I did (hug a tree, speak to a stranger,
laugh with loved ones). But I have been thinking what makes me feel most vividly alive and I’m aiming to do more
of it — my individual fightback against the “impersonal universal”.
The first one is singing. I expect AI to search through musical classics to compose great songs, but it can’t
produce the entertainment of my small choir composed of very particular humans. We’re not the most polished
singers, but listening to one another and trying to blend (融合) our voices gives me an intense sense of connection.
Occasionally, everything comes together and we produce a few seconds of surprising beauty. When it doesn’t, it’s
fun anyway.
I also get a fair amount of joy from people — I say this as a lifelong introvert ( 内向的人). When I try to
identify my most reliable source of pleasure, it’s wandering round a strange city looking at its inhabitants. What are
people wearing, eating, talking about; what annoys them; what kind of dogs do they have? It’s an all-you-can-eat
human buffet.
That’s the secret for me: AI can explain what we are as a whole, but it blends all our colours to a muddy
brown; it can’t capture the joy of the absolutely particular.
1．What does the underlined word “wrecking” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Ruining.
B．Creating.
C．Enjoying.
D．Spreading
2．Which of the following would the author disapprove of?
A．Following AI-generated suggestions.
B．Encouraging others to enjoy themselves.
C．Taking advantage of AI in the workplace.
D．Making use of AI in recreational activities.
3．What is the problem of AI-generated music?
A．It is impersonal.
B．It is unoriginal.
C．It is serious.
D．It is complex.
4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A．AI is less intelligent than humans.
B．True joy lies in individual uniqueness.
C．Particularity is the key to improving AI. D．The whole is more than the sum of its parts.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对人们利用人工智能破解密室谜题、参与趣味活动的行为表示不解，认
为这破坏了娱乐的本质，夺走了人们的快乐。作者指出人工智能虽能完成工作、创作作品，却无法复制人
类在社交和娱乐中感受到的独特联结与专属快乐，真正的快乐源于人与人之间具体、独特的相处与体验。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“people are using AI to solve escape room puzzles and cheat at trivia nights. It’s
like going into a corn maze (迷宫) and just wanting a straight line to the end.(人们利用人工智能破解密室逃脱谜
题，在知识问答之夜作弊，这就像走进玉米迷宫却只想走一条直达终点的直线)”及后文“Surely, that is the
definition of wrecking your own fun.(毫无疑问，这简直就是在wrecking 自己的乐趣)”可知，利用人工智能破
解密室、答题作弊相当于直接走捷径，这是在破坏自己的乐趣, “wrecking”意为“破坏”。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“But it matters for fun — let the bots take our work, but not our joy! (但这对乐趣
来说至关重要——让机器人接手我们的工作，但不要夺走我们的快乐!)”可知，作者反对在娱乐活动中利用
人工智能。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“I expect AI to search through musical classics to compose great songs, but it can’t
produce the entertainment of my small choir composed of very particular humans.(我期待人工智能能够从音乐经
典作品中汲取灵感，创作出优秀的歌曲，但它无法带来我那由一群独具特色的人类成员组成的小小合唱团
所带来的那种娱乐体验)”及最后一段“AI can explain what we are as a whole, but it blends all our colours to a
muddy brown; it can’t capture the joy of the absolutely particular.(人工智能可以从整体上解释我们是什么，却
把所有色彩都混成了浑浊的棕色；它无法捕捉独一无二的个体所带来的乐趣)”可知，人工智能创作的音乐
缺乏人情味，没有独特的情感联结。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“AI can explain what we are as a whole, but it blends all our colours to a muddy
brown; it can’t capture the joy of the absolutely particular.(人工智能可以从整体上解释我们是什么，却把所有
色彩都混成了浑浊的棕色；它无法捕捉独一无二的个体所带来的乐趣)”可知，作者暗示真正的快乐存在于
个体的独特性之中。故选B。
押题3
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
335
介绍收藏爱好对人认
知、心理与社交等方
面的积极作用
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌
握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关
键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，关注心理健
康是涉及每个人的幸福生活。
My husband, Brandon, has been collecting toys since 17, beginning with a 3-inch Obi-Wan Kenobi, more
Star Wars figures following, and eventually, our three-car garage became packed with his collectibles.
He’s far from alone. Research estimates that one in three adults collects something, a pastime linked to
significant cognitive and psychological benefits.
I have always been struck by Brandon’s remarkably sharp memory. I wondered if his lifelong collecting
habit actively trained his brain. Neuroscientist Shirley Mueller confirms its possibility. She explains building a
meaningful collection demands research, planning, and organization, all of which stimulate the brain’s executive
functions, serving as an effective mental exercise enhancing skills like working memory and strategic thinking.
Beyond cognition, collecting engages the brain’s pleasure center, offering comfort without negative side
effects. Functional MRI studies reveal that acquiring a meaningful item activates the same neural pathways as joy,
fueled by anticipation. Psychologically, the hobby allows individuals to set tangible and achievable goals,
promoting a strong sense of competence, progress, and personal control. This rewarding sense of agency likely
explains why many turned to collecting for comfort and stability during periods of uncertainty — a key reason why
the hobby saw a visible increase in popularity during the pandemic, even among newcomers.
Additionally, collecting often involves positive nostalgia (怀旧). Revisiting cherished memories and items
can activate the body’s relaxation response, reducing stress and promoting calm. “It’s a way for the collector to
temporarily let go of burdens and find joy,” says Mueller. This also agrees with the “pleasure principle.”
Furthermore, collecting fulfills fundamental humans’ social needs. The community it creates satisfies the
need for connection and relatedness. Engaging with fellow enthusiasts builds social bonds and support, which are
crucial for emotional well-being.
For Brandon, his collection is not merely connected to the past. It is a living and evolving project that
continuously sharpens his mind, offers comfort to his spirit, and connects him to a story much larger than himself.
It is a personal legacy built on joy, learning, and connection.
1．Why did collecting become more popular during the pandemic?
A．People had much more time at home.
B．The positive nostalgia people had for old items.
C．The value of collectibles increased.
D．It provided a sense of control and comfort.
2．What does Paragraph 6 mainly focus on?
A．The fulfillment of fundamental human needs.
B．The social benefits from the collection circles.
C．The cognitive improvement through collection.
D．The great importance of emotional well-being.
3．What can we infer about Brandon’s collection from the text?
A．It is primarily intended for investment. B．It costs him too much time and money.
C．It serves as a connector with his children.
D．It is a personal meaningful lifelong project.
4．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the article?
A．To discuss the economic trends in the collectibles market.
B．To advocate taking up collecting as a beneficial hobby.
C．To explain the various science-backed benefits of collecting.
D．To share a touching personal story about her husband’s collection.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍收藏爱好对人认知、心理与社交等方面的积极作用。
1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Psychologically, the hobby allows individuals to set tangible and achievable
goals, promoting a strong sense of competence, progress, and personal control. This rewarding sense of agency
likely explains why many turned to collecting for comfort and stability during periods of uncertainty — a key
reason why the hobby saw a visible increase in popularity during the pandemic, even among newcomers.(从心理层
面来看，这种爱好使人们能够设定具体且可实现的目标，从而增强胜任感、进步感和对个人的掌控感。这
种令人满足的自主感很可能解释了为什么在不确定时期，许多人会通过收集来寻求安慰和稳定——这也是
为什么在疫情期间，这项爱好不仅在老手中，而且在新手中都出现了显著的受欢迎程度的增长)”可知，在
不确定时期(如疫情)，收藏因其能提供可实现的目标、掌控感和稳定感，从而带来慰藉，这正是其流行度
激增的关键原因。故选D。
2．主旨大意题。根据第六段“Furthermore, collecting fulfills fundamental humans’ social needs. The
community it creates satisfies the need for connection and relatedness. Engaging with fellow enthusiasts builds
social bonds and support, which are crucial for emotional well-being.(此外，收藏满足了人类的基本社交需求。
它所创造的社区满足了人们对联系和关系的需求。与其他爱好者交流可以建立社会联系和支持，这对情感
健康至关重要。)”可知，第六段主要讲的是收藏圈子带来的社交益处。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For Brandon, his collection is not merely connected to the past. It is a
living and evolving project that continuously sharpens his mind, offers comfort to his spirit, and connects him to a
story much larger than himself. It is a personal legacy built on joy, learning, and connection.(对于Brandon 而言，
他的收藏不仅仅与过去有关。它是一个鲜活且不断发展的项目，它持续地锻炼着他的思维，给予他精神上
的慰藉，并让他与一个远比他自己更为宏大的故事紧密相连。这是一份建立在快乐、学习和联系之上的个
人遗产)”可知，Brandon 的收藏不仅是怀旧，更是一个“持续发展、锻炼思维、抚慰心灵并连接更宏大故
事”的项目，且称之为“建立在快乐、学习与连接上的个人遗产”。由此可推断，它是一项个人有意义且
终身的项目。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“He’s far from alone. Research estimates that one in three
adults collects something, a pastime linked to significant cognitive and psychological benefits.(他并非个例。研究
显示，三分之一的成年人会进行某种收藏活动，这种爱好对认知和心理有着显著的益处)”可知，文章以
Brandon 的收藏经历为引，通过神经科学研究系统阐述了收藏在认知(如提升执行功能)、心理(如提供掌控
感和怀旧慰藉)及社交(如建立社群连接)等方面的科学依据益处。因此，作者主要目的是解释收藏的各种科
学支持的益处。故选C。
押题4
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
298
外貌对个人心
理、社交及职
业机会的影响
说明文
细节理解
猜测词义
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其
结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话
题是高考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人
的幸福生活。
Studies have indicated that physical appearance can greatly influence a person's mental well-being, social
interactions and opportunities in life. Attractive people often benefit from social biases, while those seen as less
attractive may face challenges like lower confidence, social exclusion and fewer opportunities.
A 2022 investigation explored how society's attitudes toward appearance shape interpersonal
communication. Participants were shown photos of people with different looks and asked to rate their intelligence,
likability and trustworthiness. The results were clear: people considered more attractive received higher ratings in
all categories. Furthermore, attractive people were more likely to be described as confident and capable, while less
attractive individuals were often marginalized or associated with negative stereotypes. This bias was especially
noticeable in group settings, where attractive people were more likely to be included and listened to during
discussions.
The emotional impact of this bias is also significant. Attractive people often have higher self-respect because
they get more praises and positive feedback. However, this advantage comes with pressure, as attractive individuals
may feel stressed about maintaining their appearance,leading to anxiety as they age. On the other hand, less
attractive people often struggle with feelings of low self- worth, which contribute to depression and anxiety.
The workplace is also affected by these biases. Research shows that attractive people are more likely to be
hired, promoted and earn higher salaries. Employers often naturally link attractiveness to ability, confidence and
leadership qualities. This creates a disadvantage for people who don't meet traditional beauty standards, forcing
them to work harder to gain recognition.
To address these biases, researchers emphasize the importance of promoting inclusivity and challenging
conventional social concepts. By encouraging self- acceptance and appreciating different kinds of beauty, society
can create a fairer environment that values individuals for their character and abilities, not just their appearance.
1．What is a consequence of being considered less attractive according to paragraph 1?
A．They are more likely to be socially isolated.
B．They are never given preferential treatment.
C．They tend to have worse interpersonal skills.
D．They tend to have worse interpersonal skills.
2．What impacts can appearance bias have on people?
A．Employers value looks over abilities.
B．Attractive people have better mental health.
C．Both attractive and less attractive face emotional challenges.
D．Less attractive people are less likely to succeed in career life.
3．How can society create a fairer environment?
A．By overlooking outer beauty.
B．By meeting social expectations.
C．By applying universal beauty standards.D．By advocating enjoying diverse beauty.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To explain how appearance impacts people's life.
B．To appeal for a fairer and more inclusive society.
C．To address the psychological effects of appearance.
D．To argue that only attractive people can succeed in life.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了外貌对个人心理、社交及职业机会的影响，指出外貌偏见带
来的问题，并呼吁社会营造更公平、包容的环境。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Attractive people often benefit from social biases, while those seen as less
attractive may face challenges like lower confidence, social exclusion and fewer opportunities. (有魅力的人通常
会从社会偏见中获益，而那些被认为魅力不足的人可能会面临缺乏自信、被社会排斥和机会减少等挑
战。)”可知，被认为魅力不足的人更有可能被社会孤立。故选A 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Attractive people often have higher self-respect because they get more praises
and positive feedback. However, this advantage comes with pressure, as attractive individuals may feel stressed
about maintaining their appearance, leading to anxiety as they age. (有魅力的人通常自尊心更强，因为他们得到
更多的赞扬和积极的反馈。然而，这种优势伴随着压力，因为有魅力的人可能会对保持自己的外表感到有
压力，随着年龄的增长会导致焦虑。)”和“On the other hand, less attractive people often struggle with feelings
of low self-worth, which contribute to depression and anxiety. (另一方面，魅力不足的人常常会因为自我价值感
低而挣扎，这会导致抑郁和焦虑。)”可知，外貌偏见对有魅力和魅力不足的人都会带来情感上的挑战。故
选C 项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By encouraging self-acceptance and appreciating different kinds of beauty,
society can create a fairer environment that values individuals for their character and abilities, not just their
appearance. (通过鼓励自我接纳和欣赏不同类型的美，社会可以创造一个更公平的环境，重视个人的性格和
能力，而不仅仅是外表。)”可知，社会可以通过倡导欣赏不同的美来创造一个更公平的环境。故选D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“To address these biases, researchers emphasize the importance of promoting
inclusivity and challenging conventional social concepts. By encouraging self-acceptance and appreciating different
kinds of beauty, society can create a fairer environment that values individuals for their character and abilities, not
just their appearance. (为了解决这些偏见，研究人员强调促进包容性和挑战传统社会观念的重要性。通过鼓
励自我接纳和欣赏不同类型的美，社会可以创造一个更公平的环境，重视个人的性格和能力，而不仅仅是
外表。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁建立一个更公平、更具包容性的社会。故选B 项。
押题5
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
361
社交关系对幸福健康生活的重
要性，并鼓励人们接受改变性
格的想法
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
猜测词义
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要
题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题
是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题
常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人
的幸福生活。
When seeking mental health support, you are often told you shouldn’t try to change-you are perfectly
imperfect. Personality has traditionally been defined as a pretty stable collection of characteristics. Indeed, you
might believe you are controlled by the genetic hand when it comes to things like how agreeable you are. These
ideas are nonsense.
There is plenty of evidence that our personalities are more fluid ( 易变的) than we think, stimulating
fascination with the craft of personality change to improve our lives. For example, a 2024 study found that three
months of digital coaching reliably increased characteristics like emotional stability and diligence.
Other characteristics provide further support for the fluidity of personality. Most people will label themselves
purely as extroverts (外向) or introverts (内向). But Carl Jung, who coined these terms, said that there is no such
thing as a “pure” introvert or extrovert. Some of us may be more likely to enjoy the role of chief party entertainer,
while others tend to prefer quietly adapting to their surroundings, but these preferences are flexible. Who you are
on a cold winter Wednesday is likely to be different from who you are on a sunny Saturday.
Whatever your tendencies, getting enough social connection is crucial for your well-being. Displaying
extroverted characteristics is linked with being better able to bear the physical effects of stress. The Harvard Study
of Adult Development, an 80-year project tracking the lives of about 700 men in order to understand the core
components of a happy and healthy life, found that nothing matters more to that end than lively social
relationships.
Even if you file yourself as a pure introvert, embracing a more social attitude may be easier than you think. It
is the strength of someone’s identity as an introvert, more than how highly they score on characteristics of
introversion, that makes them uncomfortable when reminded to act more outgoing. This indicates that a looser hold
of self-image can help to drive conscious change.
Challenging the idea of rigid personality types could make us all happier. But first, you might need to accept
a painful truth: maybe trying to change isn’t such a bad idea.
1．What is a common misunderstanding of personality?
A．It is fixed and stable.
B．It can be changed easily.
C．It is determined by one’s life.
D．It has nothing to do with genes.
2．Why does the author mention the 2024 study and Carl Jung’s view?
A．To give examples of personality change craft.
B．To express a preference for certain personalities.
C．To offer evidence supporting personality fluidity.
D．To criticize the traditional definition of personality.
3．What do the underlined words “that end” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The conclusion of the study.
B．A happy and healthy life.
C．The eighty-year project.
D．A key to social connection.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Time for a New You
B．Secrets of Happiness
C．Identifying Personality Types
D．Accepting Who You Are
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人们对性格的普遍误解，即认为性格是固定不变的，并通过
研究结果和专家观点阐述了性格的流动性，强调了社交关系对幸福健康生活的重要性，并鼓励人们接受改
变性格的想法。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Personality has traditionally been defined as a pretty stable collection of
characteristics. Indeed, you might believe you are controlled by the genetic hand when it comes to things like how
agreeable you are. These ideas are nonsense. (传统上，性格被定义为一组相当稳定的特征。事实上，你可能
会认为，在诸如你有多随和这样的事情上，你受到基因的控制。这些想法都是无稽之谈。)”可知，人们对
性格的普遍误解是认为它是固定不变的。故选A 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“There is plenty of evidence that our personalities are more fluid (易变的) than we
think, stimulating fascination with the craft of personality change to improve our lives. For example, a 2024 study
found that three months of digital coaching reliably increased characteristics like emotional stability and diligence.
(有大量证据表明，我们的性格比我们想象的更具流动性，这激发了人们对通过改变性格来改善生活的技艺
的兴趣。例如，2024 年的一项研究发现，三个月的数字辅导可靠地提高了情绪稳定性和勤奋等特征。)”以
及第三段“Other characteristics provide further support for the fluidity of personality. Most people will label
themselves purely as extroverts (外向) or introverts (内向). But Carl Jung, who coined these terms, said that there
is no such thing as a “pure” introvert or extrovert. (其他特征为性格的流动性提供了进一步的支持。大多数人
会纯粹地将自己贴上外向或内向的标签。但创造了这些术语的卡尔·荣格说，没有“纯粹的”内向者或外向
者。)”可知，作者提到2024 年的研究和卡尔·荣格的观点是为了提供支持性格流动性的证据。故选C 项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The Harvard Study of Adult Development, an 80-year project tracking the lives of
about 700 men in order to understand the core components of a happy and healthy life, found that nothing matters
more to that end than lively social relationships. (哈佛大学成人发展研究是一项为期80 年的项目，跟踪了约
700 名男性的生活，以了解幸福健康生活的核心要素，研究发现，对于that end 来说，没有什么比活跃的社
交关系更重要了。)”可知，哈佛大学成人发展研究是为了了解幸福健康生活的核心要素，所以对于幸福健
康的生活来说，没有什么比活跃的社交关系更重要了，由此可知，that end 指代前文的“a happy and healthy
life”。故选B 项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Challenging the idea of rigid personality types could make us all happier. But
first, you might need to accept a painful truth: maybe trying to change isn’t such a bad idea. (挑战僵化的性格类型
观念可能会让我们都更快乐。但首先，你可能需要接受一个痛苦的事实：也许尝试改变并不是一个坏主
意。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了性格的流动性，并鼓励人们接受改变性格的想法，所以“是时
候塑造一个全新的你了”可以作为文章标题。故选A 项。
五、心理学现象分析
押题1
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
368
表情可能是认知与情绪
交互作用、具有社交目
的性的新视角
说明文
细节理解
猜测词义
主旨大意
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，
掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的
关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，关注心
理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生活。
Facial expressions are central to social life, yet scientists still don’t fully understand how the brain produces
them. For decades, one influential theory has held that what appears on your face is largely an emotional reflex —
an honest, automatic readout of what you feel inside. But that view struggles to explain the fact that we often tailor
our expressions to the moment.
To find out what’s going on in the brain during facial expressions, researchers turned to monkeys. They
recorded neural ( 神经的) activity while the animals interacted with one another in the lab. The team’s results
published in Science came as a surprise: the monkeys’ expressions, from a threatening face to a friendly “lip-
smacking”, were generated by both the medial cortex (内侧皮层) and lateral cortex (外侧皮层). These two brain
regions were long thought to operate independently, but the study showed that both of them participated in the
production of all kinds of facial expressions.
The two regions did, however, run at different speeds. Activity in the lateral cortex reoriented quickly, to
coordinate the rapid facial movements that make for smooth social interaction. By contrast, things happen at a more
leisurely pace in the medial cortex, perhaps allowing it to track slow-changing contextual factors that influence
facial expressions. What’s more, both neural patterns show up before facial movements do, suggesting the brain
prepares expressions in advance.
This all raises a question: Do monkeys intentionally plan the faces they make? That’s the interpretation
evolutionary psychologists explore in the new study. If facial expressions are partly voluntary, they may be less like
emotional mirrors and more like “tools for social influence”, as the researchers put it. At the very least, they seem
to arise from complex interactions between emotion and cognition.
Alan Fridlund, a social and evolutionary psychologist who was not involved in this study, has no trouble
believing monkeys hold their faces strategically. But he doubts that staged, lab-bound interactions can capture the
full reality of monkeys’ communications, or the neural activity underlying it; ideally, future research would take
place in the monkeys’ natural environment. Still, Fridlund says, the new study “tells us in infinitely more detail how
we can investigate the neurology of facial displays.”
1．What does the study reveal about the medial cortex and lateral cortex?
A．They record neural activities.
B．They perform different functions.
C．They cooperate to create expressions.
D．They stimulate the conveyance of emotions.
2．What does the underlined word “reoriented” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Shifted.
B．Decreased.
C．Appeared.
D．Expanded.
3．What is Alan Fridlund’s suggestion for future research?
A．Collecting specific data.
B．Experimenting in nature.
C．Detailing the observations.
D．Expanding research subjects.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．What matters to socialization?
B．Decode the signals of emotions
C．Facial expressions mirror emotions
D．Are facial displays made intentionally?
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍一项发表在《Science》上的研究，探讨了面部表情的神经机制，挑
战了“表情=情绪自动反射”的传统观点，提出了表情可能是认知与情绪交互作用、具有社交目的性的新
视角。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The team’s results published in Science came as a surprise: the monkeys’
expressions, from a threatening face to a friendly “lip-smacking”, were generated by both the medial cortex (内侧
皮层) and lateral cortex (外侧皮层). These two brain regions were long thought to operate independently, but the
study showed that both of them participated in the production of all kinds of facial expressions.(该团队发表在《科
学》杂志上的研究结果令人惊讶：猴子从威胁性的表情到友好的“咂嘴”等各种表情，都是由内侧皮层和
外侧皮层共同产生的。长久以来，人们一直认为这两个大脑区域独立运作，但这项研究表明，它们都参与
了各种面部表情的产生。)”可知，这项研究揭示了内侧皮层和外侧皮层协同作用以形成表情。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Activity in the lateral cortex reoriented quickly, to coordinate the rapid facial
movements that make for smooth social interaction(外侧皮层的活动能快速reoriented，以协调那些有助于实现
流畅社交互动的快速面部动作)”可知，外侧皮层的活动迅速调整，以协调快速面部动作，从而实现顺畅的
社交互动，reoriented 的意思是“调整”，和shifted 意思相近。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But he doubts that staged, lab-bound interactions can capture the full reality of
monkeys’ communications, or the neural activity underlying it; ideally, future research would take place in the
monkeys’ natural environment.(不过，他怀疑在实验室这种人为安排的互动场景中，能否捕捉到猴子交流及
其背后神经活动的全部真相；理想情况下，未来的研究应在猴子的自然环境中进行。)”可知，艾伦·弗里德
伦德对于未来的研究的建议是在自然环境中进行实验。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“This all raises a question: Do monkeys intentionally plan the
faces they make? That’s the interpretation evolutionary psychologists explore in the new study. If facial expressions
are partly voluntary, they may be less like emotional mirrors and more like “tools for social influence”, as the
researchers put it. At the very least, they seem to arise from complex interactions between emotion and cognition.
(这一切引发了一个问题：猴子会有意规划自己的面部表情吗？这是进化心理学家在这项新研究中探讨的一
种解释。如果面部表情在一定程度上是自愿做出的，那么它们可能就不太像是情绪的镜子，而更像是“社
交影响的工具”，正如研究人员所说的那样。至少，面部表情似乎是由情绪和认知之间的复杂相互作用产
生的。)”可知，本文主要介绍这项发表在《Science》上的研究，探讨了面部表情的神经机制，挑战了“表
情=情绪自动反射”的传统观点，提出了表情可能是认知与情绪交互作用、具有社交目的性的新视角，因
此最恰当的标题是D 选项“Are facial displays made intentionally?(面部表情是刻意做出的吗？)”。故选D。
押题2
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
357
恐怖片粉
丝的多样
动机和心
理复杂性
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结
构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高
考命题常用的素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
Horror fans have been painted with the same broad and bloody brush for decades: labelled as cold, unfeeling
thrill-seekers who delight in others’ suffering. Film critics have described the fans and creators of films like Friday
the 13th and Saw as “very sick people”. But I argue that these assumptions are all wrong.
The misconceptions about horror fans were seemingly supported by evidence presented in an analysis from
2007. But the analysis is only as strong as the studies it summarizes. In this case, they had poorly defined variables.
For example, the two studies with the strongest association with low empathy examined participant enjoyment of
torture and short clips that concluded with cruel murders and no satisfactory resolution. These measures probably
won’t tell you much about horror fans. The authors of the analysis admitted deep in the discussion section that the
link between empathy and enjoyment of horror disappeared when those studies were removed.
In 2024, I published a set of studies that directly addressed the question of horror fandom and empathy. The
results were striking. Using standardised assessments, horror fans scored higher on empathy and compassion.
When my colleagues and I examined the motivations of horror fans at frightening attractions, we found that
“adrenaline junkies” represent only one subset. We also found a group we called “dark copers”, who use horror to
process difficult emotions. Another group, “white knucklers,” confront fear to learn about themselves. The three-
type model reveals that many fans aren’t just motivated by adrenaline (肾上腺素). But there is one common trait
among them.
My research has identified morbid curiosity (猎奇) as the most powerful predictor of horror fandom. It is this
tendency to seek out information about threatening or death-related phenomena that drives a fascination with horror
media. Studies show that people with higher levels of this curiosity demonstrate better preparedness for real crises
and show increased resilience during stressful life events.
The evidence paints a picture of horror fans being empathetic, curious and psychologically complicated.
Horror is a proof to human adaptability and our remarkable capacity to find meaning, connection and even growth
in the face of our deepest fears.
1．What is a conventional wisdom about horror fans?
A．They lack empathy.
B．They tend to fall sick.
C．They desire comfort.
D．They seek uniqueness.
2．What is the limitation of previous studies?
A．They ignore the essence of humanity.
B．The variables’ definition is indefinite.
C．They rely much on participants’ feelings.
D．The incomplete discussion is misleading.
3．Why is the three-type model mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To introduce types of horror fans.
B．To show motivations of horror fans.
C．To group fans based on their emotions.
D．To compare different levels of curiosity.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards horrors?
A．He doubted them.
B．He dismissed them.
C．He approved of them.
D．He brushed them aside.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了恐怖片粉丝的刻板印象，指出他们并非冷漠无情，而是具有
同理心和好奇心，并通过研究揭示了恐怖片粉丝的多样动机和心理复杂性。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Horror fans have been painted with the same broad and bloody brush for
decades: labelled as cold, unfeeling thrill-seekers who delight in others’ suffering.(几十年来，恐怖片粉丝一直被
用同样宽泛且血腥的笔触描绘：他们被贴上冷漠、无情的寻求刺激者的标签，以他人的痛苦为乐)”可知，
传统观念认为恐怖片粉丝缺乏同理心。故选A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The misconceptions about horror fans were seemingly supported by evidence
presented in an analysis from 2007. But the analysis is only as strong as the studies it summarizes. In this case, they
had poorly defined variables. For example, the two studies with the strongest association with low empathy
examined participant enjoyment of torture and short clips that concluded with cruel murders and no satisfactory
resolution. These measures probably won’t tell you much about horror fans. The authors of the analysis admitted
deep in the discussion section that the link between empathy and enjoyment of horror disappeared when those
studies were removed.(关于恐怖片爱好者的误解，看似得到了2007 年一项分析研究的支持。然而，这类分
析的可靠性完全取决于其所总结的具体研究质量。就此次分析而言，研究中变量的界定存在明显缺陷。例
如，其中两项最能体现“低共情”关联性的研究，测量的是参与者对酷刑情节的接受度，以及观看以残忍
谋杀收尾且毫无圆满结局的短片时的反应。这类测量指标恐怕难以真实反映恐怖片爱好者的特征。该分析
报告的作者在讨论部分的末尾也承认，一旦剔除这两项研究，共情能力与恐怖片喜爱度之间的关联便不复
存在)”可知，先前研究的局限性在于变量的界定存在明显缺陷，即变量的定义不明确。故选B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“When my colleagues and I examined the motivations of horror fans at
frightening attractions, we found that “adrenaline junkies” represent only one subset. We also found a group we
called “dark copers”, who use horror to process difficult emotions. Another group, “white knucklers,” confront fear
to learn about themselves. The three-type model reveals that many fans aren’t just motivated by adrenaline (肾上腺
素).(当我和同事们研究恐怖景点中恐怖片粉丝的动机时，我们发现“寻求刺激者”只是其中的一个子集。
我们还发现了一群我们称之为“黑暗应对者”的人，他们利用恐怖来处理困难的情绪。另一群人，“硬着
头皮面对者”，则通过面对恐惧来了解自己。这三种类型模式表明，许多粉丝的动机不仅仅是肾上腺素)”
可知，第四段提到三种类型模式是为了展示恐怖片粉丝的不同动机。故选B 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The evidence paints a picture of horror fans being empathetic, curious and
psychologically complicated. Horror is a proof to human adaptability and our remarkable capacity to find meaning,
connection and even growth in the face of our deepest fears.(这些证据描绘出恐怖片粉丝富有同理心、充满好奇
心且心理复杂的形象。恐怖证明了人类的适应能力，以及我们在面对最深的恐惧时寻找意义、联系甚至成
长的不凡能力)”可知，作者对恐怖片持认可态度。故选C 项。
押题3
词数
话题
体裁
考点
押题理由
367
介绍了“冒名顶替综合
征”这一心理学现象
说明文
细节理解
推理判断
心理学类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题
型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提
高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的
素材，关注心理健康是涉及每个人的幸福生
活。
Many high achievers in science and technology fields carry a secret fear. Despite their excellent grades and
awards, they worry that others will soon discover they do not truly belong. They feel like frauds. In their minds,
their success is not due to talent or hard work. Instead, they believe it is just luck or good timing. This
psychological pattern is known as “impostorism.” It is different from low self-esteem. Even with clear proof of
ability, these individuals doubt themselves constantly.
Recent research by Jiyun Elizabeth Shin from Binghamton University shows how common this feeling is.
Her study found that nearly all women in graduate STEM programs experience impostor feelings. The number is
even higher for women of color. These women feel like intellectual cheats. They think people overestimate their
intelligence. They live in fear of being exposed as incompetent and undeserving of their positions.
Why does success feel like luck? Impostorism changes how people view their achievements. They cannot
accept that they earned their success. Instead, they credit outside factors. This makes them worry that they cannot
repeat their success. For women in STEM, negative stereotypes make this worse. Society often wrongly suggests
that women lack natural ability in these fields. When few women are seen in leadership roles, it reinforces the
doubt. This makes it harder for them to believe in their own skills.
The consequences of these feelings are serious. Shin’s research links impostorism to poor mental health and
burnout. It also leads many to consider dropping out of their programs. A fixed mindset, which believes ability
cannot change, makes things worse. If people think they cannot grow, any failure seems to prove they were never
good enough. However, adopting a flexible view of ability can help reduce these fears.
Although many high achievers suffer in silence, talking about it matters. Keeping these feelings secret
increases stress and isolation. Open conversations can be a powerful step toward healing. While more research is
needed to find the best solutions, social support is already known to help. By sharing their stories, women in STEM
can realize they are not alone. This connection may protect their emotional well-being and encourage them to stay
in their chosen fields.
1．What is the main characteristic of people suffering from impostorism?
A．They lack actual professional skills.
B．They attribute success to external chances.
C．They suffer from severe depression daily.
D．They refuse to accept any form of awards.
2．Why do negative stereotypes affect women in STEM more deeply?
A．They prevent women from entering universities.
B．They suggest women rely only on luck for jobs.
C．They make it hard to accept personal achievements.
D．They force women to hide their true intelligence.
3．What can be inferred about a “fixed mindset” from the text?
A．It helps people avoid taking unnecessary risks.
B．It encourages people to seek social support actively.
C．It turns small failures into proof of incompetence.
D．It guarantees high achievements in scientific fields.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A．To call for more financial support for researchers.
B．To emphasize the value of open communication.
C．To criticize the current education system strictly.
D．To list all the symptoms of mental health issues.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“冒名顶替综合征”这一心理学现象，说明了该现象在理工
科研究生阶段的女性（尤其是有色人种女性）中十分普遍，分析了该现象的成因与负面影响，最后指出开
放交流与社会支持能够帮助受影响者缓解症状、坚持留在自身领域。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In their minds, their success is not due to talent or hard work. Instead, they
believe it is just luck or good timing.(在他们看来，他们的成功并非源于天赋或努力。相反，他们认为这只是
运气好或时机恰当。)”以及第三段中“For women in STEM, negative stereotypes make this worse. Society
often wrongly suggests that women lack natural ability in these fields. When few women are seen in leadership
roles, it reinforces the doubt. This makes it harder for them to believe in their own skills.(对于STEM 领域的女性
来说，负面刻板印象让情况变得更糟。社会常常错误地暗示女性在这些领域缺乏天赋。当很少看到女性担
任领导角色时，这种怀疑便得到了强化。这使得她们更难相信自己的技能。)”可知，患有冒名顶替综合征
的人的主要特征是将成功归因于外部因素（如运气、时机），而不是自己的能力。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Society often wrongly suggests that women lack natural ability in these fields.
When few women are seen in leadership roles, it reinforces the doubt. This makes it harder for them to believe in
their own skills.(社会常常错误地认为女性在这些领域缺乏天赋。当领导职位上鲜见女性身影时，这种偏见
便得到强化。这更让她们难以相信自己的能力。)”可知，负面的刻板印象对从事科学、技术、工程和数学
领域的女性影响更为深远的原因是负面的刻板印象使得她们难以认可个人的成就。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“A fixed mindset, which believes ability cannot change, makes things worse. If
people think they cannot grow, any failure seems to prove they were never good enough.(一种认为能力不会改变
的固定心态会让事情变得更糟。如果人们认为自己无法成长，那么任何失败似乎都证明他们永远不够
好。)”可知，拥有固定型思维的人认为能力不可改变，因此小的失败都会被他们视为自己能力不足的证据。
故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although many high achievers suffer in silence, talking about it matters.
Keeping these feelings secret increases stress and isolation. Open conversations can be a powerful step toward
healing.(尽管许多成功人士都默默承受着这些痛苦，但倾诉出来却是很重要的。将这些感受深埋心底只会
加重压力和孤立感。而坦诚的交流则是迈向康复的重要一步。)”可知，作者写最后一段的目的是强调坦诚
交流的价值。故选B。
