专题17 记叙文叙事
第一部分：记叙文核心认知
求助信是一
1. 写作目的：讲述一个故事，传达一种情感或感悟。核心是 “展示”而非“告诉”。
2. 六大要素：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。其中，“经过”是重点，需要细节支撑。
3. 成功关键：
· 一个清晰的脉络：故事要有头有尾，结构完整。
· 一个深刻的主题：通过故事，你想表达什么？感恩、成长、勇气、遗憾？
· 一处生动的细节：用具体的动作、对话、心理、感官描写来代替空洞的叙述。
· 一种真实的情感：情感是记叙文的灵魂，要能引起读者共鸣。
第二部分：万能写作模板
模板一：经典三段式
Paragraph 1: 开头段 - 设下“钩子”，引人入胜
· 目标：在1-2 句话内交代背景（时间、地点、人物），并设置悬念或冲突，吸引读者读下去。
· 模板句型：
· 背景引入：It was a ... (sunny/rainy) afternoon when I... (那是一个……的下午，当时我……)
· 悬念引入：I will never forget the day when... / Little did I know that... (我永远不会忘记那一
天……/ 我当时并不知道……)
· 对话引入："..." The words still echo in my mind, reminding me of that transformative experience.
(“……” 这句话至今仍在我脑海中回响，让我想起那次改变我的经历。)
Paragraph 2: 发展段 - 推进情节，初起波澜
· 目标：讲述故事如何开始和发展，为高潮做铺垫。可以描述最初的想法和尝试。
· 模板句型：
· At first, I thought it would be a piece of cake. (起初，我以为这会是小菜一碟。)
· With great excitement, I started to... (怀着极大的兴奋，我开始……)
写作指导
识
· However, things did not go as smoothly as I had expected. (然而，事情并没有像我预期的那样顺
利。)
Paragraph 3: 高潮段 - 聚焦冲突，刻画细节
· 目标：这是全文的核心！详细描述故事最紧张、最感人或最关键的瞬间。必须使用细节描写。
· 模板句型：
· 动作描写：My hands were trembling as I... (当我……时，我的双手在颤抖。)
· 心理描写：A mix of fear and excitement surged through me. (一阵恐惧与兴奋交织的情绪涌上心
头。)
· 感官描写：The air was so thick with tension that I could hardly breathe. (空气紧张得几乎让我窒
息。)
· 对话/独白：Just when I was about to give up, a voice inside me said, "Don't quit now!" (就在我准
备放弃时，内心一个声音说：“现在不能放弃！”)
Paragraph 4: 结尾段 - 尘埃落定，升华主题
· 目标：交代结果，并点明这个故事带给你的感悟、成长或改变。
· 模板句型：
· 结果：In the end, I managed to... though I didn't win the first prize, I gained something far more
valuable. (最终，我成功地……虽然我没有赢得一等奖，但我获得了更宝贵的东西。)
· 感悟升华：This experience taught me that the real victory lies not in the outcome, but in the
courage to try. (这次经历让我明白，真正的胜利不在于结果，而在于尝试的勇气。)
· 首尾呼应：Now, whenever I face difficulties, I recall that day and tell myself... (现在，每当我面对
困难，我都会想起那天，并告诉自己……)
模板二：万能模板
Life resembles a packet of chocolate which has a variety of flavors, when it comes to one of the
most impressive things in my life, it suddenly occurred to me that we took part in an after-class activity — ……
with my friends last weekend in the ……, and it was a fantastic experience.
In the morning we arrived at ……Meanwhile, I …… In the end, all of us not only gained ……, but
also learnt ……
What a wonderful time we had! It was a very meaningful activity and not only can I have some new
discoveries but also I experience the joy of labor and enrich my knowledge.
第三部分：常见主题与叙事角度
1. 成长与勇气
· 角度：第一次演讲、学习新技能（游泳、骑车）、克服恐惧、独立解决难题。
· 升华句：It was on that day that I truly understood what it means to grow up—to confront your fears
head-on. (正是在那一天，我真正明白了成长的意义——直面你的恐惧。)
2. 感恩与亲情
· 角度：父母在雨夜送伞、祖父母无声的关爱、理解父母的辛苦、一件珍贵的礼物。
· 升华句：Looking at her rough hands, I realized that all her efforts were a silent language of love. (看
着她粗糙的双手，我意识到她所有的努力都是一种无声的爱的语言。)
3. 友谊与团队
· 角度：与朋友从误会到和解、团队合作赢得比赛、同学的无私帮助。
· 升华句：This incident cemented our friendship, teaching me that a true friend is one who walks in
when the rest of the world walks out. (这件事巩固了我们的友谊，让我明白，真正的朋友是在全世界都
离开时走进你的人。)
4. 文化体验
· 角度：庆祝传统节日（春节、中秋）、学习中国传统文化（书法、剪纸）、向外国朋友介绍中国文化。
· 升华句：I felt an immense sense of pride surging within me as I introduced the profoundness of
Chinese culture to my foreign friends. (当我向外国朋友介绍中国文化的博大精深时，一股强烈的自豪感
在我心中涌起。)
第四部分：高分亮句 & 升级技巧
1. 心理描写
· 紧张：My heart was pounding like a drum. (我的心像打鼓一样怦怦直跳。)
· 害怕：A chill ran down my spine. (一股寒意顺着我的脊柱而下。)
· 开心：My heart swelled with joy and pride. (我的心中充满了喜悦和自豪。)
· 犹豫：I was torn between two choices. (我在两个选择间纠结不已。)
2. 动作描写
· 精确动词：staggered (蹒跚), rushed, whispered, gazed (凝视), clenched my fists (握紧拳头), burst into
tears (放声大哭)
· 例句：He staggered across the finish line, exhausted but triumphant. (他蹒跚地冲过终点线，精疲力尽
却充满胜利的喜悦。)
3. 感官描写
· 视觉：The dazzling sunlight filtered through the leaves. (耀眼的阳光透过树叶洒下来。)
· 听觉：The deafening roar of the crowd filled the stadium. (人群震耳欲聋的欢呼声响彻体育场。)
· 触觉：A chilly breeze brushed against my face. (一阵寒冷的微风吹过我的脸颊。)
· 嗅觉：The fragrant aroma of my grandmother's cooking always brings back warm memories. (祖母做
饭时那芬芳的香气总能唤起温暖的回忆。)
温馨提示：
1. 紧扣主题：确保你的故事始终围绕“难忘”展开。
2. 细节制胜：在高潮段至少使用2-3 处细节描写。
3. 时态统一：主要使用一般过去时，回忆更早的事用过去完成时，感受感悟可用一般现在时。
4. 简洁有力：避免冗长的句子和与主题无关的废话。
【2024 年新课标I II 卷】假定你是李华，你们班上周五在公园上了一节美术课。请你给英国好友Chris 写
一封邮件分享你的经历，内容包括：
1. 你的作品内容； 2. 你的感想。
___________________________________________________________________________
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
答案：
【文本解读】
写作情境设定为一节在公园里进行的美术课，要求考生向朋友介绍此次经历，包含个人作品及感受。写
作话题紧密贴合学生的日常生活和校园经历，与译林版牛津高中教材选择性必修一Unit 3 的单元主题
“The art of painting”高度契合。这样的写作任务不仅让考生对创作内容充满了亲切感，也使得考生能够
调动在教材中所学过的写作素材，增强文化意识，提高艺术修养，培育美育品质，实现五育并举。
从考查内容看，考生需要运用得体的语言风格来介绍在公园里进行的美术课的个人作品和感想，因此写
作任务考查了学生在绘画艺术方面的英文表达方式的积累。写作任务已经给出首句，是对应用文写作的
一种“破”，考查学生如何进行有效衔接。鉴于大部分的美术课都是在教室内进行，而本写作任务却设
定在公园中，这要求考生突破常规，打破套路，积极思维，从而培养了学生逻辑思维能力、批判思维能
力和创新思维能力。
【题目特点】
1）情境设定与真实性：
题目设定的情境——在公园上美术课，贴近学生的日常生活，具有真实性。
2）角色设定——“李华”这一常见名字，易于考生代入角色，同时假设的英国好友Chris 也增加了跨文
化交流的元素。
【内容要求】
1）作品内容：
考生需要描述自己在美术课上创作的作品内容。这可能包括画面的主题、色彩运用、构图等。
参考文章中的示例，考生可能选择描述公园的自然景色、人物活动等元素，展示观察力和表现力。
2）感想：
考生需要表达自己对这次美术课的感想，这可能涉及对创作过程的体验、对自然美的感受、对艺术创作
的理解等。
3）电子邮件结尾（交际性）
【写作思路】
1）总体内容思路：既然你要跟朋友分享上美术课的经历，那么这次美术课肯定有与以往不同的地方。
按照这个思路，谋篇布局三个段落的内容：
第一段内容：可以告诉对方，这是我们第一次到室外（大自然) 去上课，这次带来了完全不同的体验。
第二段的内容：在大自然的环境中（可以具体描写一下阳光、绿树、鸟儿的歌声），我们灵感很多，我
画了一幅自然风光的画（可以选取公园的具体场面，比如公园的湖，有人在湖里划船，也可以是退休的
老人们在公园里散步或是唱歌或是锻炼或者是老人们三五成群的在跳舞），画的主题是人与自然和谐相
处，体现了公园在城市里的重要意义。
第三段内容：呼应第一段，写你的收获，与大自然接触带来的好处，也可以呼应你的作品内容所带来的
感受，希望还有更多这样的机会等等。
2）时态：第二段是过去式，第一段和第三段可用一般现在时。
3）语言风格：语言应正式且亲切，既要符合书信的格式，又要体现出与朋友交流时的轻松氛围。考虑到
Chris 是英国人的背景，考生在写作时应注意使用地道的英语表达，避免中式英语。
Dear Chris.
I am writing to share with you an art class I had in the park last Friday. Given your passion
for painting, I believe you would appreciate the fascinating experience I had.With the aim of relieving
our study pressure as well as enhancing our ability to capture scenes vividly, we were taken to the city
park surrounded by tall trees, beautiful flowers and green grass and required to draw a scene that
impressed us most. I was first fascinated by the fantastic scenery in the park and then a group of
elderly people came up to my eyes. Bathed in the tender morning sunshine, they were dancing merrily
to the music, their faces full of smiles. I couldn't help putting them in my painting. This experience
not only served as a relief from academic pressures but also provided a profound opportunity to engage
myself in the colorful life and beautiful nature as well as practice my painting skills. All in all, lam
truly grateful for the opportunity to have such a wonderful art class in the park.What do you think
of my experience?Looking forward to your comments.
Yours,
Li Hua
(一）(2013 年浙江卷）请以“One Thing I'm Proud of"为题，用英语写一篇100-120 个词的短文，记述一
件你自己认为得意的事情，要求如下：
1.记述事情经过：2.简要说明你感到得意的原因或从中得到的启示。
注意：文章的标题已给出（不计词数）。
答案：
One Thing I'm Proud of
Among all the things I'm proud of, how I learned to ride a bicycle is still uppermost in my mind.
It happened just as I was turning 16. Seeing others ride a bicycle, how I envied them! So I asked my
father to buy me a bike as a birthday present. It was annoying that I fell off my bicycle again and
again! But I didn't get discouraged. Under the guidance of my father,I could keep my balance while
riding and later became skilled(1.骑得很稳，后来变得很热练）.Riding my bike on my way to school,I
felt on top of the world(2.我感到高兴极了）.This experience is the most valuable treasure in my mind.
What I learned from this event is that, no matter how bad things may appear and how many times I
may fail(3.无论事情有多糟糕，无论我失败了多少次）,I can make it as long as I stick at it.
(二）(2013 年陕西卷）假定你是李华，请根据写作要点用英语写一篇周记，记述你周末帮助家人做家务的
一次经历。写作要点：
1.做家务的理由：2.做家务的过程：3.你的感受。
注意：1.短文词数不少于100:2.开头部分已写好，不计入总词数。
答案：
I am an 18-year-old middle school student. Last Sunday, while I was at home working at my lessons,
it came to my notice (4. 我注意到了） that my parents were still occupied with their daily routine(5.忙
于日常工作）. Seeing the enormous housework and at the thought of what they have done for me over
the years, I rose to my feet and meant to help relieve their workload.
I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms(6.散落在房间里的） and
put them in place. Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture and the next half hour saw me busy
cleaning the floor. Before I knew it, it was almost noon. Through my efforts, I prepared a few common
dishes just as my parents were coming home.
Seeing the surprised look on their faces and hearing their hearty praise(7.看到他们脸上惊讶的表情，听
到他们由衷的赞美）,tired as I was, I felt proud that I was old enough to shoulder part of the
household duties.
(2020.全国Ⅱ卷）上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，
内容包括：1.农场情况；2.采摘过程；3.个人感受。
注意：1.词数100 左右；2.题目已为你写好。题目：My Weekend
答案：
My Weekend
Organized by the Student Union, a group of volunteers went to Hope Farm to help the farmers pick
peaches last weekend. The farm is situated at the foot of a mountain, where the sky is blue and the
air is fresh.We were attracted by the beautiful scenery. There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as
a variety of animals.
On arriving, we saw red ripe peaches hanging on the trees. Using baskets and ladders, we first picked
the ones that were most beautiful in color, then those that were ripe and soft. I couldn't wait to take a
bite, and the sweet juice went down my throat.
I was grateful for this opportunity to get close to nature. Not only would I be able to experience fruit
picking, but I could also feast on the sweetness!
