14高考单词P（教师版）_英语(2)_专项复习_2025年_十年（2015-2024）高考英语3500单词分字母汇编（高考真句+检测）

高考单词 P（解析版）
目录
高考单词P....................................................................................................................................................1
高考核心词汇与练习---P..........................................................................................................................53
potential [pəˈtenʃ(ə)l] a. 潜在的，可能的 n. 潜力，潜能
【助记】海神波塞冬Poseidon，能制造海啸和地
震，所以pos-=pot-表示“能力”。
1. 【真句】Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain the potential
implications for group discussion and decision-making
are enormous.【2023新高考1卷】尽管Navajas领
导的研究有局限性，许多问题仍然存在，但对小组
讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。
2. 【真句】“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum
computing researchers.”【2022北京卷】“新的是，”约翰逊写道，“现在量子计算研究人员可能有数
百万美元。”
3. 【真句】 It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many
people from reaching their potential: I can’t. 【2022北京卷】我脑海中有一个声音告诉我，那句话阻止
了很多人发挥他们的潜力：我做不到。
4. 【真句】... the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities【2018年
北京】这个技术有可能改变我们的运输系统和我们的城市
【拓展】possibility [pɔsɪˈbɪlɪtɪ] vn. 可能，可能性
possible [ˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 可能的
1. 【真句】Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given
much thought to what they put under them.【2023.1浙江卷】太阳能开发商希望尽快和尽可能便宜地安装
电池板，所以他们没有过多考虑。
2. 【真句】My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did,which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.【2022北京卷】我的完美主义倾向是这一切的
主要根源：我想在我做的任何事情上都做到完美，这显然在生活中是不可能的，但它消耗了我。
impossible [ɪmˈpɔsɪb(ə)l] a. 不可能的
1. 【真句】I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up
my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible.【2022北京卷】
我和他一起参加了演讲前晚宴，较小的环境让我慢慢鼓起勇气与他一对一交谈——一个似乎完全不可
能的想法。
2. 【真句】This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom.
【2022年6月浙江卷】这项工作拓展了我的思维，这在教室的四壁内是不可能做到的。
possibly v ad. 可能地，也许
【真句】 With the current footprint of
humanity, "it seems that global collapse is
certain to happen in some form, possibly
within a decade, certainly within this
century, " Johnson said in an email.【2022
北 京卷】约翰逊在一封电子邮件中说，鉴
于目前人类的足迹，“全球崩溃似乎肯定会以某种形式发生，可能在十年内，当然肯定是在本世纪
内。”
precious [ˈpreʃəs] a. 宝贵的, 珍贵的
【真句】This medal was very precious to my parents.【2019浙江】 这枚奖章对我父母来说非常珍贵。pack [pæk] n. 包,捆;（猎犬、野兽的）一群 v.(为运输或储存而)打包
【助记】和back（后面，后背）相互模仿，体现了b和p的通假关系。
1. 【真句】Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family
shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.【2022全国甲卷】谢尔曼·西姆鲁很兴奋地主持了
来自威尔士和世界其他地区最好的戏剧、舞蹈、家庭表演和音乐的众多节目。
2. 【真句】We were first greeted with the
barking by a pack of dogs...【2019 年全
国】我们第一次受到一群狗的吠叫的欢
迎
【拓展】package [ˈpækɪdʒ] n. （尤指包装
好或密封的容器）一包，一袋，一盒 （-et
表示“小”）
pace [peɪs] n. 步伐，节奏；v. （因为紧张）踱步
1. 【真句】Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both
functional and beautiful. 【2021年6月天津卷】艺术无处不在。任何公共空间都经过艺术头脑的精心
设计，既实用又美观。
2. 【真句】According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn
about 800 calories（卡路里） per hour...【2022全国1卷】根据大多数计算，赛跑者以每小时6英里的
速度运动，每小时会消耗大约800卡路里...
3. 【真句】Study and write at your own pace, as you have a year to go through the project.【2014湖南阅读】
以你自己的节奏去学习和写作，因为你有一年的时间去经历这个项目。
短语：keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱，与……步伐一致
【真句】I didn’t have the ability to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me.【2015
北京完形】我不能和队里的其他成员步伐一致，并且他们会嘲笑我。
pack [pæk] v. 打包 n. 包，包裹；一群（动物），一伙（人）
【真句】Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more.【2021
年6月新高考二卷】打包一个袋子，切一块蛋糕，猜猜哪个果汁容器装的液体最多，等等。【真句】Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack.【2015湖北阅读】嚎叫是一种在
狼群中很常见的行为。
【真句】In Manhattan, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06
at one drugstore Wednesday.【2014山东阅读】
在美国税收最高的城市曼哈顿，七天药店里面
一包万宝路的香烟售价为10.06美元。
pack作动词时的名词形式：package
particular [pəˈtɪkjʊlə(r)] a. 特殊的，个
别的
1. 【真句】You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle
that words for your particular circumstances.【2023全国1卷】你可以把这些实践看作是一个工具箱，旨
在帮助你努力建立一个极简主义的生活方式，以代表你的特殊环境。
2. 【真句】Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also
connected time to natural phenomena. 【2021北京卷】即使这种计时的方法在其细节上是新颖的，早期
的农业社会也将时间与自然现象联系起来。
3. 【真句】The students feel that they belong to a particular group. 【2019浙江】 学生们觉得自己属于
一个特定的群体。
package [ˈpækɪdʒ] n. 包，盒；包裹
1. 【真句】This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to
prove that the best things in life really do come in small
packages. 【2022.6浙江卷】这就是“小森林运动”，旨在证明生活中最好的东西确实是小包装的。
2. 【真句】As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is
available if required.【2021.3天津卷】作为一揽子计划的一部分，提供了初步和后续的培训课程，如有
需要，可提供住宿。
3. 【真句】Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.【2014天
津阅读】她匆忙地将衣服从包里拿出来并试穿，结果却发现不合适。
4. 【真句】Returning to his office the next day, he found a package on his desk.【2013江苏阅读】第二天回
到办公室的时候他发现桌子上有一个包裹。
paddle [ˈpædl] n. 桨状物
page [peɪdʒ] n. 页，页码
【真句】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the
raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and
sculptures. 【2023新高考2卷】最近，随着书籍变得便宜甚至一次性，艺术家们把它们作为艺术品的
原材料——把封面、页数甚至完整的书转换成绘画和雕塑。
pain [peɪn] n. 疼痛，痛苦
Cruel lies can cause pain.【2016浙江阅读】残酷的谎言会带来痛苦。
pain的形容词形式：painful adj. 疼痛的，痛苦的
1. 【真句】A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis （催
眠）can reduce pain and anxiety in patients.【2021.3天津卷】蒙特利尔儿童医院的一项试验项目表明，
使用药物催眠（催眠）可以减少患者的疼痛和焦虑。
2. 【真句】Spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers.【2015江西阅读】在电脑前
太长时间会使关节和手指非常疼痛。
promote [prəˈməʊt] v.促进,推动,促销,晋升
【助记】promote 的原义是“往更具发展的空间或方向移动”，也就是说，“促进”某种情况或者某
件事情的发展。在职场或军队中，把员工往更有发展的方向移动的话，就是“提升，晋升”。如果要促进某商品的销售，需要“促销”。
1. 【真句】Markman also promotes off-task time. 【2022.6浙江卷】马克曼还提倡安排下班时间。
2. 【真句】...so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.【2020全国】因此，穆顿这几天
的部分工作是推广皮毛。
painstaking adj. [ˈpeɪnzteɪkɪŋ]
【真句】Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused.【2014上海阅读】她的练习很慢、很
辛苦的并且以错误为中心。
paint [peɪnt] v. 绘画，绘；描绘，描写；涂，搽 n. 油漆；paints颜料
【真句】Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall.【2015全国一阅读】艺术生把商店的名字
涂在墙上。
【真句】It’s hard to decide if you want to be a painter if you’ve never painted any picture.【2014四川阅
读】如果你没有画过画那么很难断定你是否或成为画家。
【真句】Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.【2013江西阅读】
的确，已经为旅游业的长远未来描绘出一幅美好的画面。
【真句】She is allergic to paint smell.【2012湖北】她对油漆味道很敏感。
paint做动词的两个名词形式：painter[ˈpeɪntə] 油漆工；画家，painting [ˈpeɪntɪŋ] n. 绘画
physical ['fɪzɪkl] adj. 物质的；身体的；体力的；物理的；【真句】Like running, race walking is physically demanding...【2020全国】就像跑步一样，跑步对身
体要求很高。
pair [peə] n. 一双，一对
palace [ˈpælɪs] n. 宫殿
pale [peɪl] adj. 苍白的
【真句】My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown
skin and dark hair.【2022年6月浙江卷】我的同学们有的肤色白皙，有一双大蓝眼睛，有的肤色深褐
色，头发乌黑。
【真句】His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color.【2012福建阅读】他的脸色如此苍白以至
于他的嘴唇失去了颜色。
pan [pæn] n. 平底锅
pancake [ˈpænkeɪk] n. 薄煎饼
panda [ˈpændə] n. 熊猫
panic [ˈpænɪk] n. 恐慌 v. （使）恐慌
【真句】As the bees came closer, his panic increased.【2015江西阅读】当蜜蜂靠近的时候，他的恐慌增
加了。【真句】When you are in a tight situation, don’t panic.【2015江西阅读】当你处于紧急情况的时候不要
害怕。
panic的两个形容词形式：panicked [ˈpænɪkt] adj. 害怕的；panicking [ˈpænɪkɪŋ]adj. 令人害怕的
paper [ˈpeɪpə] n. 纸；报纸
paperwork [ˈpeɪpəwɜːk] n. 日常文书工作
paragraph [ˈpærəgræf] n. （文章的）段落
parallel [ˈpærəlel] n. 联系，相似（之处）；adj. 平行的
【真句】When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with
the edge of the table in front of you.【2022年全国甲卷】当你把它们放在两口之间时，一定要把它们放
一起，使它们与你面前的桌子边缘平行。
【真句】I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady
Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps.【2012江苏阅读】我从来没有看到Scarface和Macbeth之间的
联系，也从没听到Macbeth的独白被读成说唱。
parcel [ˈpɑːsl] n. 包裹
pardon [ˈpɑːdn] n. 请重复一遍；对不起，请原谅
parent [ˈpeərənt] n. 父(母)，双亲
Paris [ˈpærɪs] n. 巴黎
park [pɑ:k] n. 公园；vt. 停放(汽车)
【真句】I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.【2013天津阅读】我把车停
在半英里之外的地方，然后安安静静地读我的书。
park作动词时的名词形式：parking n. 停车parking lot 停车场
parrot [ˈpærət] n. 鹦鹉
part [pɑːt] n. 部分；角色 v. （使）分开，（使）分离
【真句】We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey.【2014全国一阅读】我们穿
过了两个洞穴，这是我们旅行中的非同寻常的一部分。
【真句】Even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities.【2014安徽阅读】牛甚至在今天
的一些民间活动中扮演重要角色。
【真句】we parted with each other in London.【2013北京阅读】我们在伦敦分开了。
短语：take part in 参加 （含有参加之意的单词还有participate）
【真句】Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently.【2014江西阅读】最后，
我们经常参加体育和户外运动。
play a part参与，起作用
【真句】No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.
【2013广东阅读】不管这份工作多么普通，它在社会中都起作用并且值得我们尊重。
on sb’s part = on the part of sb 某人所做的，就某人而言
【真句】Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.【2013安徽作文】改
变这一情况需要我们每个人的巨大努力。
in part 部分地，在某种程度上
【真句】Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case.【2012上海完形】一个
人是否能收到别人的帮助部分取决于这一事情的价值。
part time job 兼职工作
【真句】They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.【2015山东阅读】他们鼓励他们的双胞胎
儿子做兼职工作。partly[ˈpɑːtlɪ] adv. 部分地,在一定程度上
【真句】Beijing’s skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private cars. [阅读]2015全国二
北京滑雪热的部分原因是因为最近私家车的增加。
participate [pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt] vi 参加
短语：participate in 参与，参加
【真句】Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program.【2013浙江
完形】去年春天，我有幸被选拔参加一个交流生项目。
participate的两个名词形式：participation [pɑ:ˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn] n.参与，参加 participant [pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpənt] n.
参与者
You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them...【2024年1月九省联
考】你将听到这些参与者的经历，并了解哪些策略对他们来说效果很好……
particular [pəˈtɪkjʊlə] adj. 特殊的，特别的；特定的；n. 细节，详情
【真句】You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle
that words for your particular circumstances.【2024年1月九省联考】你可以将这些做法视为一个工具箱，
旨在帮助你构建一个适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。
【真句】Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.
【2019年全国3】学生应该能够根据自己的具体情况扩展他们的逻辑。
【真句】Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths.【2013江苏任务型读写】
在团队中选择适合你特定优势的角色
【真句】This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held
responsible for what they say.【2014江西阅读】提供个人细节这一要求清楚表明作者一定要对他们说的
话负责任。
短语：in particular尤其，特别
【真句】Are you looking for anything in particular today?【2015全国二】你今天是在找什么特别的东西
吗？be particular about= be hard/tough on 对……挑剔/苛刻
【真句】Tony was very particular about toys.【2015辽宁完形】托尼对玩具很挑剔。
partner [ˈpɑːtnə] n. 搭档，伙伴
part-time [pɑːt -taɪm] adj. 兼职的
【真句】He was offered a part -time job.【2013江西阅读】他被提供了一个兼职工作。
party [ˈpɑːtɪ] n. 聚会；一组，一队，一群
【真句】It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all
at the same time.【2021年6月全国甲卷】这是摆脱旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服、同时举办派对的最
佳方式。
【真句】And when parties are from different cultures, there’s a strong possibility of misunderstanding.
【2012全国一完形】当一群人来自不同文化的时候，误解很有可能会发生。
pass [pæs] vt. 经过；通过；传递；（时间）流逝，度过（时间）；
【真句】If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot
himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. 【2019年
北京卷】例如，如果一个篮球明星试图获得高分，他可能会在把球传给队友更好的时候自己投篮，从
而影响球队的表现。
【真句】I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination.【2015四川写作】我必须努力通
过入学考试。
【真句】She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window.【2015上海词汇与语法】
她意味深长地看了看我，并且通过窗户递给我一个盒子。
【真句】Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age.【2015全国二阅读】自从Brownie
老死已经过去很多年了。
短语：pass by 经过；（时间）流逝
【真句】The minutes passed by.【2016北京完形】几分钟过去了。【真句】I passed by a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.【2015湖南完形】我经过了一位被书
从柜子里拿出来的小女孩。
pass away 去世
【真句】I miss him since he’s passed away.【2014浙江阅读】自从他去世后我一直想念他。
pass on 传给；传染
【真句】This higher cost of using “green energy” is usually passed onto the consumer.【2013全国一阅读】
使用清洁能源的费用通常被传给消费者。
【真句】The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes.【2012广东阅读】该疾病通过母蚊子传
染。
pass down 把某事物传给后人
【真句】She wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids.【2013北京完
形】 她说他想成为一名健身教练以把她所学的东西传给别的孩子。
passage [ˈpæsɪdʒ] n. (文章等的）一节，一段；通道，走廊
【真句】What could be the best title for the passage?【2016天津阅读】这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
【真句】From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled across the continent.【2016全国
二阅读】在那个时候Shackleton想通过狗的雪橇创立一个通道。
passenger [ˈpæsɪndʒə] n. 乘客，旅客
passer-by ['pɑ:sə-baɪ] n. 过客，过路人
注意passer-by的复数形式为passers-by
passive [ˈpæsɪv] adj. 被动的，消极的
【真句】passive learning has a serious problem.【2013天津阅读】被动学习
有很严重的问题。
passport [ˈpɑːspɔːt] n. 护照past [pæst] adj. 过去的 n. 过去（的时间）adv. 在……之后；经过
patent [ˈpeɪtnt] n. 专利
【真句】The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed.【2013江
西阅读】这个概念可以追溯到1623年，当时通过了第一部保护IP sights的法律。
path [pæθ] n. 小道，小径
patient [ˈpeɪʃnt] adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人
【真句】The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will
disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.【2021.3天津卷】技术人员将引导患
者进入这种改变的状态——一个想象的世界，它将越来越多地与随后的手术分离。
【真句】After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential.【2015
湖北阅读】毕竟，医生和患者之间的关系是基于信任的，因此诚实是根本的。
用法：be patient with对……有耐心
【真句】His father was not patient with him.【2015广东阅读】他的爸爸对他没有耐心。
patient作形容词时的名词形式：patience n. 耐心
【真句】Patience is important to drivers.【2012全国一阅读】耐心对驾驶员而言非常重要。
pattern [ˈpætn] n. 模式，方式；图案，花样
1. 【真句】...Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.【2024
年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】...达鲁和他的团队测试了这些数据在多大程度上能够代表实际的全球生物多
样性模式。
2. 【真句】Many believe the same pattern could be followed in the air. 【2020.5天津】许多人相信同样的模
式也可以在空气中遵循。
3. 【真句】What is the key to breaking the old patterns?【2015福建阅读】打破旧模式的关键是什么？4. 【真句】Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.
【2016全国卷二七选五】 一些人可能认为花园只不过是植物、花朵和各种颜色的图案而已。
pause [pɔːz] n. v. 暂停，停顿
【真句】After a pause, I opened the box.【2015上海语法与词汇】暂停
一段时间后，我打开了盒子。
pay [peɪ] v.支付， n.工资
【真句】After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费),
because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）】
高中毕业后，詹妮弗就读于当地的一所技术学院，为支付学费而工作, 因为没有多余的钱用于大学教
育。
【真句】Life quality is more important than pay.【2015上海】【生活质量比工资更重要。
短语：pay for sth 支付……
【真句】The old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.【2013山东阅读】那个老人问他
应该为这项服务付多少钱。
pay back 偿还（钱款）；
【真句】You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.【2013福建阅读】你必须在56天内偿还本金
和利息。
pay off 还清债务；得到回报；付清工资解雇
【真句】He managed to pay off Sparrow’s debts.【2013山东阅读】他成功还清了Sparrow餐厅的债务。
【真句】This work is starting to pay off.【2016北京阅读】这项工作的付出开始得到回报。
—Dad, I don’t think Oliver is the right sort of person for the job.【2014江苏】
—I see. I’ll go right away and pay him off. 我认为Oliver不适合这项工作；我明白了，我立刻去解雇他。
pea [piː]n. 豌豆
peace [piːs] n. 和平；安静
【真句】He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on afirst-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.【2019全国2.】他喜欢坐着安静地检查手
机，或者与他直呼其名的酒保聊天，如果他想与他进行一些互动的话
【真句】Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.【2014湖
南 】只有当你发现内心平静的时候你才会与他人保持良好关系。
【真句】Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.【2016全国一阅读】Addams帮助穷人并为了世
界和平而奋斗。
peace的形容词形式：peaceful [ˈpiːsfʊl] adj. 和平的,安静的
peach [piːtʃ] n. 桃子
pear [peə]n. 梨子，
peasant [ˈpezənt]n. 农民
pedestrian [pɪˈdestrɪən] n. 步行者，行人
pen [pen] n. 钢笔，笔
pencil [ˈpens(ə)l]n. 铅笔
pencil-box [ˈpensl -bɔks]n. 铅笔盒
pen-friend [pen- friend] n. 笔友penny [ˈpenɪ] n. （英）便士；美分
penny的形容词形式：penniless [ˈpeniləs] 身无分文的
【真句】His strong-minded grandfather was nearly penniless.【2014福建完形】
pension [ˈpenʃn] n. 养老金
【真句】I decided that I would need to have some kind of extra work to make up for my disability pension.
【2015浙江完形】我决定需要做一些额外的工作去弥补我的残疾抚恤金。
people [ˈpiːp(ə)l] n. 人，人们；人民
pepper [ˈpepə] n. 胡椒粉
per [pə] prep. 每，每一
percent [pəˈsent] n. 百分之……
percentage [pəˈsentədʒ] n. 百分率
perfect [ˈpɜ:fɪkt] adj. 完美的，极好的
【真句】...a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.【2024年6月新课标全国
Ⅰ卷】...斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，这种类型的记录并不完美。
【真句】Dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.【2015福建阅读】晚饭时间似乎是
分享我们所学的完美时间。
perform [pəˈfɔːm] v. 表演，演奏；表现；履行，做；1. 【真句】“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.
【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】“我没有疯，”威廉·法伯博士在对一只兔子进行针灸治疗后不久说
道。
2. 【真句】When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?【2016全国二阅读】Charlotte Stone什么时候演
奏他的歌曲。
3. 【真句】Vacations help us perform better at work and improve our sleep quality.【2014湖南阅读】度假帮
助我们在工作上表现的更好并且改善我们的睡眠。
4. 【真句】While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.【2014安
徽阅读】在等待晋升期间，亨利努力履行他的职责。
5. 【真句】He attended special training to perform difficult tasks.【2014广东阅读】他参加特殊培训去做一
些艰难的任务。
perform的两个名词形式：performance [pəˈfɔ:məns] 表演；表现；履行，做 performer [pəˈfɔːmə]表
演者，演奏者
We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through
performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. 【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】我们期待着欢迎
您的到来，届时我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动展示哈佛艺术社区的创造力。
perfume [ˈpɜːfjuːm] n. 香水
perhaps [pəˈhæps] adv. 可能，或
period [ˈpɪərɪəd] n. 时期
【真句】Now college years are becoming an extended period of adolescence.【2016北京阅读】现在的大
学时期已经变成了青少年的延伸期。
permanent [ˈpɜːmənənt] adj. 永久的
【真句】For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far,
which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium
websites.【2021年6月全国乙卷】对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止世界地图集列表提
供的数据，该列表根据其声明的永久容量对其进行排名，以及来自官方体育场网站的最新信息。【真句】After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town.
【2014上海语法词汇】在从大学毕业之后我不能在我的小镇上找到一份永久的工作。
反义词: temporary adj. 暂时的
【真句】Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.【2016北
京阅读】Natalie的学校被破坏的如此严重以至于她不得不暂时去Brooklyn的一所学校去上学。
permit [pəˈmɪt] v. 允许；使……成为可能
【真句】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.【2012
重庆】校长将不允许课程发生变化，他甚至都不考虑。
【真句】No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.【2015天津阅读】学生房间里不允许除鱼以
外的其它宠物存在。
permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事，使某人做某事成为可能
【真句】Instead, the aim is to permit us to make informed choices as to how we use our time.【2013江苏阅
读】其目标是让我们能够做出有根据的选择关于如何使用我们的时间。
permit作动词时的名词形式：permission [pəˈmɪʃn] n. 允许
person [ˈpɜːsn] n. 人
【真句】He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.【2016全国二阅
读】 他将谈论你怎样可以找到合适的人去制作音乐。
短语：in person 亲自
【真句】Maybe we could go and visit everyone in person.【2016北京完形】也许我们可以亲自拜访每一
个人。
person的形容词形式：personal [ˈpɜːsənəl] adj. 个人的
【真句】You don’t have a personal plan for growth.【2016江苏完形】你并没有个人的成长计划。
person的副词形式：personally [ˈpɜːsənəli] adv. 就个人而言；亲自
【真句】They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.【2015安
徽】他们会亲自或者通过公司将钱捐给老人。
注意：person是可数名词；people意为“人”是集合名词，做主语时谓语动词用复数；但是意为“民
族”是可数名词。personality [ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti] n. 个性
【真句】She found that personality had a major impact on learning.【2014湖北阅读】她发现个性对学习
有很大的影响。
【真句】 That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.
【2022年6月全国乙卷】这包括大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全。
personnel [pɜːsəˈnel] n. 全体人员，职员（复数名词）
【真句】I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department.【2015全国二阅读】我收到了一封
来自人事部领导的一封信。
同义词：staff n. 职员 employee n. 雇员
persuade [pəˈsweɪd] vt. 说服
persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
【真句】Karen persuaded him to see the doctor.【2012湖北阅读】Karen说服他去看医生。
persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某人
【真句】I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.【2015浙江作文】我成功说服我的
同学接受我的想法。
同义词：convince sb to do sth；talk sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
persuade的名词形式：persuasion [pəˈsweɪʒn] 说服
pest [pest] n. 害虫
pet [pet] n. 宠物
petrol [ˈpetrl] n. 石油phenomenon [fɪˈnɔmɪnən] n. 现象 其复数形式为phenomena
1. 【真句】But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic
phenomenon.【2024年1月九省联考】但是，由Joaquin Navajas领导的一项新研究为这个经典现象提
供了一个有趣的转折。
2. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound
professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new
products based on the phenomenon we call sound.【2020.7天津】过去，录音师都是在录音棚的后室工作，
但现在很多录音专业人士都在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，根据我们称之为声音的
现象创造新的产品。
3. 【真句】This phenomenon is neither good nor bad.【2015北京阅读】这种现象既不好也不坏。
phone [fəʊn] v. 打电话 n. 电话
phone-booth [fəʊn-buːð] n. 公用电话间
photo [ˈfəʊtəʊ] n. 照片
photograph [ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf] n. 照片
photographer [fəˈtɔɡrəfə] n. 摄影师
phrase [freɪz] n. 短语
physical [ˈfɪzɪkl] adj. 身体的；物理的
【真句】Spiritual forces are more important than physical ones.【2015天津阅读】精神力量比身体力量更重要。
【真句】Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in
this way.【2016浙江阅读】一些心理学家表明儿童不仅仅用这种方式去了解物理世界。
physician [fɪˈzɪʃn] n. 医生
physicist [ˈfɪzɪsɪst] n. 物理学家
physics [ˈfɪzɪks] n. 物理（学）
piano[pɪˈænəʊ] n. 钢琴 其另一个名词形式：pianist [ˈfɪzɪks] n. 钢琴家
pick [pɪk] v. 挑选；采摘（花、果等）n. 挑选，选择
【真句】Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail,
so you can pick it up.【2020.7天津】一旦你要求的书被送到最近的分行，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，
这样你就可以去拿了。
【真句】When Glen Kruger picked a small cat from an animal shelter, he did not expect much.【2012辽宁
完形]】当Glen Kruger从动物收留所挑选一只小猫的时候，他并没有什么期待。
【真句】A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and
eat, 【2014浙江阅读】一个像这样的装置可以被用来识别那些非常成熟和等待被采摘吃的水果。
picnic [ˈpɪknɪk] n. 野餐
picture [ˈpɪktʃə] n.画，图画；照片；印象；描述v. 想像，设想
Entering the house，he stopped before a picture of Steve and me.【2014重庆完形】进入房间，他停在我
和史蒂夫的合照面前。If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.【2013四川阅读】如果我闭上眼
睛，我对第一个家仍然有清晰的印象。
Fourteen buildings in the village give a full picture of everyday life in the nineteenth-century Midwest.
【2013全国二阅读】村里的14栋建筑完全描述了19世纪中西部的日常生活。
I began to picture the rest of the day in the field, without food or drink.【2015湖南完形】我开始想像没有
食物和水的剩余的日子
pie [paɪ] n. 馅饼
piece [paɪ] n. 一块（片，张，件…）
pig [paɪ] n. 猪
pile [paɪ] n. 堆 v. 堆放
They try to finish off their plate piled with food.【2015湖南阅读】他们努力吃完堆满碟子的食物
短语：a pile of一堆
When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.【2013辽宁】当她到家的时候，家里有一堆
邮件等着她。
pile up 堆积
The person who decides the layout of your local supermarket—including how the oranges are piled up—is a
choice architect.【2014上海阅读】决定超市布局——包括橘子该如何堆积——的人就是选择建筑师。
pill [pɪl] n. 药丸， 近义词：tablet n. 药片
pillow [pɪl] n. 枕头
pilot [ˈpaɪlət] n. 飞行员；v. 驾驶（飞机或宇宙飞船）
As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that therewould be a slight delay before setting down.【2015四川完形】当我们即将起飞的时候飞行员带着歉意宣
布在降落前会有延迟。
The father decided to pilot the plane himself.【2012全国一】爸爸决定亲自驾驶飞机。
pin [pɪn] n.别针 v. 把……别住/钉住
There is a note pinned to the door saying when the shop will open again.【2014山东阅读】门上面钉着一个
通知，上面写着商店再次开门的时间。
pine [paɪn] n. 松树
pineapple [ˈpaɪnæpl] n. 菠萝
ping-pong [pɪŋ-pɔɡ] n. 乒乓球
pink [pɪŋk] adj. 粉红色的
pint [paɪnt] n.（液量单位）品脱
pioneer [paɪəˈnɪə] n. 先锋，先驱；开拓者，开发者
They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.【2015湖北阅读】他们被当作时尚的先锋
Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future
generations.【2014天津阅读】新加坡的许多地点都以开拓者的名字命名，这样后代就能记住他们的名
字了。
pipe [paɪp] n. 管子pity [ˈpɪtɪ] n. 怜悯，同情；可惜，遗憾
They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very
painful.【2015江苏阅读】他们一定展示出了友善和怜悯等品质，没有这些品质生活会非常痛苦。
It is a pity that you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.【2015福建】你错过了关于核污染的
place [pleɪs] n. 地方，地点；位置；v. 放置
The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.【2012辽宁】
As it grew dark, I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the evening’s tale. 2014 浙江 阅
读 当天黑的时候我会坐在石凳中央的位置开始将当晚的故事。
Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.【2012天津阅读】手写在今天的教室当中仍有一席之
地。
The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.【2013重庆阅读】那
个助手注意到了我的紧张并把她那温暖的手放到我冰冷的手上。
take place （经计划或安排后）发生，进行；happen偶然发生
What is going to take place on 2 February, 2013?【2013四川阅读】在2013年的2月2将发生什么？
take the place of 代替
A donation box stands in place of a cash register.【2012辽宁阅读】捐赠箱子代替了收银员。
含有“代替”之意的词或短语： in place of sb/sth；in the place of sb/sth； replace
in place 在正确的位置；准备就绪的
The service could be in place by 2015.【2013山阅读】该服务将于2015年准备就绪。
The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall.【2013安徽阅读】绳子将会使你处于正确的位置，这样
你就不会掉下去。
plain [pleɪn] adj. 清楚的；简单的，普通的；（用于强调）完全的，十足的；n. 平原
The language was so simple that I could plainly understand its meaning.【2016上海阅读】这个语言如此简
单以至于我可以清楚地明白它的意思。
My mother, dissatisfied with my father’s plain workman’s life, determined that I would not grow up like him.
【2012浙江阅读】妈妈对我父亲的普通工人生活非常不满意，她决定当我长大的时候不要和他一样。
Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing if there is just plain silence
during gathering.【2015山东回答问题】如果父母每天在聚会时只是完全安静地和他们的孩子坐下来吃饭那么他们什么都获得不了。
plan [plæn]n. v. 计划，打算
You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you?【2016江苏完形】你并没有一个个人成长计划，不是
吗？
plane [pleɪn] n. 飞机
planet [ˈplænɪt] n. 行星
plant [plɑːnt] vt. 种植n. 植物
Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.【2016全国二七选五阅读】仍然有一些人，
他们只喜欢户外和亲近自然。
She planted vegetables in her yard.【2015全国一阅读】她在院子里种了一些蔬菜。
plastic [ˈplæstɪk] adj. 塑料的；可塑的 n. 塑料
1. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-
use plastic.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】在办公室内，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免使用一次性塑料
来鼓励回收和减少浪费。
To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you:
playing table tennis or bridge.【2012四川阅读】为了保持大脑的可塑性，你可以做一些挑战你并让你兴
奋的活动，如打乒乓球或玩桥牌。
Most countries in the world have passed laws to ban plastic bags.【2012福建阅读】世界上的大多数国家
通过了禁止使用塑料袋的法律。
plate [pleɪt] n. 牌；盘子；板；片
platform [ˈplætfɔːm] n. 月台，站台；平台；讲台She built an information sharing platform.【2016北京阅读】她建立了一个信息分享平台。
By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired.【2014广东阅读】当丽莎走到月台的时候她
感到非常的疲惫与虚弱
Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: Rule 1.【2015广东
写作】Sally走到讲台拿起粉笔并在黑板上写下了“规则一”。
play [pleɪ] v. 玩，参加（比赛或运动）；演奏；播放；扮演（角色）；n. 戏剧，剧本；
游戏，玩耍；
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even though she is in his nineties.【2016北京】我的祖父现
在时而打网球，尽管他已经90多岁了。
Architects play a more important role than builders.【2016天津阅读】建筑师扮演的角色比建造者重要。
Bring that accordion and play some songs tonight.【2014湖南完形】今晚把手风琴带来给我们演奏几首
歌曲。
It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.【2015山东阅读】它是第一部赢得三项主要大
奖的剧本。
A baby’s play is nothing more than a game.【2016浙江阅读】婴儿的玩耍只不过是一个游戏。
playroom [ˈpleɪru:m] n. 游戏室
player[ˈpleɪə] n. 比赛者，选手
playground [ˈpleɪgraʊnd] n. 操场，运动场
playmate [ˈpleɪmeɪt] n. 玩伴please [pliːz] v. 使高兴；取悦
This joyful show will please everyone.【2016全国二阅读】这个令人愉悦的表演将会使每个人都开心。
They have to please the tourists for a living.【2013江西阅读】他们必须靠取悦游客谋生。
please的三个形容词形式：pleased; pleasing, pleasant
please的名词形式：pleasure
pleasant [ˈplezənt] adj. 令人愉快的（注意：pleasant与pleasing是同义词）
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what
they should be doing.【2015北京七选五】做白日梦意味着人们思考一些令人高兴的事情，尤其是这些
事情会让他们忘记正在做的事情。
pleasing [ˈpli:zɪŋ] adj. 令人高兴的
They are more pleasing than modern buildings.【2014安徽阅读】它们比现代建筑更令人高兴。
pleased [pliːzd] adj. 高兴的
Welty looked pleased with this explanation.【2016全国卷三阅读】Welty看上去对我的解释非常高兴。
pleasure [ˈpleʒə] n. 高兴，愉快；高兴的事
Delicious food is one of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.【2015上海】美食是人们造访上海的乐
趣之一
plenty [ˈplentɪ] n. 充足，大量
plenty的形容词形式：plentiful [ˈplentɪfl] adj. 充足的，大量的
plot [plɔt] n.情节
Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.【2013江苏阅读】马克吐温的主题似乎与这个情节一致。
plug [plʌɡ] n. 塞子plus [plʌs] prep.加；和，加上 n. 优势，有利条件；加号
Four dollars plus one dollar makes five.【2012湖南完形】四美元加上一美元等于五美元。
Lisa had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way：her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her
hometown.【2014广东阅读】Lisa有许多工作要做，此外还有客人来访：她的父母从镇上来和她过感
恩节。
What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.【2015北京】一些人眼中的缺点
在别人看来却是优势。
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A- plus.【2013北京完形】当我获得A+的成绩的时候，
我无语了。
pocket [ˈpɔkɪt] n. 口袋
poem [ˈpəʊɪm] n. 诗 poem的另一名词形式：poet [ˈpəʊɪt] n. 诗人
【真句】Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last
March. 【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】自该项目去年三月启动以来，骑手们已经打印了近 20,000篇
短篇故事和诗歌。
point [pɔɪnt] n. 点；观点；时候，阶段；地方，位置；意义；v. 指，指向
At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way.【2016北京完形】在某个时期，一堆雪阻挡了他的路。
Then, the writing point of the pen should allow the ink to flow evenly while the pen remains in touch with the
paper.【2015安徽完形】当笔接触纸张的时候笔尖应该允许墨水均匀的流淌
From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work.【2012 浙江完形】根据这个观点科技
已经改变了我们的工作文化。
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.【2014浙江】在我的生
活中我已经到了我要自己做出决定的这个地步了
Austin didn’t see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox.【2013湖南阅读】Austin看不出
建造一个像邮箱的大楼有什么意义。
Where are the signs that point to the zoo?【2013湖南】指向动物园的指示牌在什么地方？
After I explained my situation to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street.【2012安徽完形】在我向她解释了我的情况之后，她指向了对面的公交站牌。
短语：turning point 转折点
The turning point comes after the hero meets his birth mother.【2012江西阅读】当主人公遇到他的母亲的
时候转折点出现了。
pint out 指出，指明
They point out there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings without the elevator.【2014湖北阅
读】他们指出：没有电梯的话就不会有城市里的摩天大楼和高层建筑物。
poison [ˈpɔɪzn] n. 毒，毒药；v. 毒害，毒死
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.【2015广东阅读】一些动植物
包含对人身体有害的天然毒素。
In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's
groundwater.【2015陕西阅读】此外新的咖啡种植技术会使当地甚至全国的地下水受到污染。
poison 的形容词形式：poisonous [ˈpɔɪzənəs] adj. 有毒的
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.【2015江苏阅读】电子垃圾也包含许多有毒金属。
pole [pəʊl] n. 杆，电线杆；
police [pəˈliːs] n. 警察
policeman [pəˈliːsmən] n.警察,巡警
policy [ˈpɔlɪsɪ] n. 政策
1. 【真句】Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of
15.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】阅读我们针对15岁以下青少年
的青年政策指南。
2. It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can
be put into practice.【2013陕西】新形成的委员会政策能否被实施有待观察。
polish [ˈpɔlɪsɪ] v.擦亮；打磨，润色I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.【2016江苏阅读】我仍然记得擦
亮咖啡桌的桌腿得花多长时间。
Your essay is good; you just need to polish it a bit.【高考真句】你的作文很好，只需要打磨一下就好。
polite [pəˈlaɪt] adj. 有礼貌的
You’d sound a lot more polite.【2014湖北】你应该更有礼貌。
polite的名词形式：politeness [pəˈlaɪtnɪs] n. 礼貌
political [pəˈlɪtɪkl] adj. 政治的
political的两个名词形式：politician [pɔlɪˈtɪʃn] n. 政治家 politics [ˈpɔlɪtɪks] n. 政治
pollute [pəˈluːt] vt. 污染
In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the
surrounding environment.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】此外，无需使用污染传统农田及其周围环境
的农药和其他化学品。
The environment might be polluted.【2015四川阅读】那儿的环境可能收到了污染。
pollute的名词形式：pollution [pəˈluːʃn] n. 污染
pond [pɔnd] n. 池塘
poor [pʊə] adj. 贫穷的；不好的，差的；可怜的；不善于……的
In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs.【2015安徽阅读】在20
世纪50年代许多穷人没有足够的钱搬往郊区。
It made no profits due to poor management.【2013山东阅读】由于管理不善，它没有盈利。
Many experiments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve his reading ability.【2012全国
二阅读】许多实验已经表明几乎每一位不善于读书的人都能够改善他的阅读能力。
Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize him just now!【2014山东】可怜的史蒂夫！我刚才差点没认出他来！
短语：be poor at 不擅长
People poor at one thing can be good at another.【2012浙江阅读】一个人不擅长一件事就会擅长另一件事。
popcorn [ˈpɔpkɔːn] n. 爆米花
popular [ˈpɔpjʊlə] adj. 流行的，受欢迎的；通俗的；
1. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time...【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ
卷】法伯确信整体方法随着时间的推移会变得越来越受欢迎...
2. What we need most are popular science books.【2014浙江阅读】我们最需要的便是通俗科学的书。
短语：be popular with/among 在……当中受欢迎
Smart and pretty, Kate is very popular among/with her friends.【2012浙江阅读】既漂亮又聪明，凯特在她
的朋友中很受欢迎。
popular的名词形式：popularity [ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti] n. 流行
population [pɔpjʊˈleɪʃn]n. 人口；（聚居於某地区的）一群或一类的人或动物
As the world’s population continues to grow, the supply of food becomes more and more of a concern.【2013
浙江】伴随着世界人口持续增长，食物的供应变得越来越令人担心。
The honey bee population could be wiped out in 10 years.【2013全国一阅读】蜜蜂将在10年内灭亡。
pork [pɔːk] n. 猪肉
porridge [ˈpɔrɪdʒ] n. 稀饭，粥
port [pɔːt] n. 港口，码头
porter [ˈpɔːtə] n. （火车站或旅馆处的）搬运工
portable [ˈpɔːtəbl] adj.手提的，便携式的
The tent was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.【2015福建】这
个帐篷是便携的，两个女性就可以支撑和收放帐篷。
position [pəˈzɪʃn] n. 位置；职位（此时等于post）；地位；观点 v. 放置，安置
The position of the classroom with its view made me feel like I was dreaming.【2015浙江改错】带有这个风景的教室位置让我感觉就像在做梦一样。
Dina, struggling for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
【2015湖南】几个月来一直想找一个女服务员工作的Dina最后在当地的广告公司找到了一个职位。
The jobs improve their social position.【2012湖北阅读】这些工作改善了他们的社会地位。
And the latter position is gaining some ground.【2015重庆阅读】后者的观点正在普及
Try to position the stick as vertically as you can.【2014福建阅读】尽可能垂直放置这个棍子。
positive [ˈpɒzətɪv] adj. 积极乐观的；积极的，肯定的 n. 优势，优点
Don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too
expensive so as to maintain a positive mood.【2014湖南阅读】不要在
一切都很贵的地方度假这样可以保持一个积极的情绪。
用法：be positive about 对……乐观，对……积极
Now I feel more positive about my professional future and I’m getting on
better with my family than I ever have.【2014四川完形】现在我对我的
职业未来更加乐观，并且我与家人的关系比以前要好。
反义词：negative [ˈnegətɪv] 消极的，否定的
An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always
permanent.【2015湖北】一个不幸的童年对一个人的性格有消极的影响，但是他们不是永久的
possess [pəˈzes] vt. 拥有
All human beings possess a body clock.【2014四川阅读】所有的人都有一个生物钟。
possess的名词形式：possession [pəˈzeʃn] n. 拥有，财产
They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.【2014山东阅读】他们将财产捐给了他们的邻居。
possible [ˈpɔsɪbl] adj. 可能的
They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives.【2015上海阅读】
这些使医生做一些复杂的手术去拯救生命成为了可能。
as … as possible 尽可能快/多等
Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.【2016北京完形】Welch
医生需要尽可能多的药物去阻止孩子生病。possible的名词形式：possibility [pɔsɪˈbɪlɪtɪ] 可能，可能性
注意：likely也有可能的意思，但是在sb is likely to do 结构中，possible不能替换likey。
post [pəʊst] n.职位；邮递，邮政(mail)；邮件(mail) v. 邮寄；张贴
Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.【2015陕西】 在下个月
末我将担任旅行社的经理一职。
He checks to see if somebody has posted something new on the Internet.【2015上海语法与词汇】他检查是
否某人在网上张贴了新的东西
I made a turn at the corner and drove past the post office.【2012浙江阅读】我在拐角转了个弯，并且经过
了邮政局。
I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.【2015 四川作文】我从你的邮件中得知
你想改善普通话。
postage [ˈpəʊstɪdʒ] n. 邮费
postbox [ˈpəʊstbɔks] n. 邮箱
postcard [ˈpəʊstkɑːd] n. 明信片
postcode [ˈpəʊstkəʊd] n. 邮政编码
poster [ˈpəʊstə] n.海报
postman [ˈpəʊstmən] n. 邮递员
postpone [pəʊstˈpəʊn] vt. 推迟，延期
The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.【2012
江苏】会议将会被推迟的通知在下午两点钟左右到。
用法：postpone doing sth 推迟做某事含有“推迟，延期”之意的词或短语：put off；delay
pot [pɔt] n. 锅，壶，瓶，罐
potato [pəˈteɪtəʊ] n. 土豆，马铃薯
potential [pəˈtenʃl] n. 潜力；可能性；adj. 有潜力的；潜在的，可能的
1. Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives...【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】鉴于人工智
能改变我们生活的惊人潜力...
2. I must say that I have the potential to work as an instructor.【2014广东阅读】我必须要说我有成为导师的
潜力。
3. Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis.【2013上海阅
读】有三个措施可以缓解当前的食物危机并且避免全球危机的可能性。
4. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.【2015江西阅读】太空探索有可能帮助
我们避免地球上潜在的问题。
pound [paʊnd] n. 磅；英镑
pour [pɔː] vi. 灌，注，倒；涌；大量涌出；（又作pour down）雨倾盆而下
By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.【2016全国二阅读】到他们起身离开的时候，
外面正在下着倾盆大雨。
Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks.【2015湖北完形】幸福的眼泪从Susan的脸颊涌下。
And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.【2015全国二
阅读】又矮又宽的杯子比既长又窄的杯子多30%的液体。
I can still see the enthusiastic family pouring into and out of the house.【2013福建完形】我仍然可以看到
热情的家庭成员涌进涌出房屋。
powder [ˈpaʊdə] n. 粉，粉末
power [ˈpaʊə] n. 权力；力量；动力；电力；能力；v. 给……提供动力There is a relationship between power and class.【2013陕西阅读】权
力和阶级之间是有关系的。
I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language.
【2014天津阅读】我花了大量的时间思考语言的力量。
Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment.【2013全国一阅读】核能的支持者认为
核动力对环境有好处。
So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the
West.【2015北京阅读】所以让们记住铁路和公路的影响当我们在西部建造这些新的发电站的时候。
We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible.【2013广东阅读】我
们都有能力去使用我们的想象力去尝试一些我们以前不敢想的事情。
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.【2015山东阅读】
从小的感应器到大的系统，电池可以给所有的东西提供动力。
power的形容词形式：powerful
powerful [ˈpaʊəfʊl] adj. 强大的，有力的
However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves. 【2024年1
月九省联考】然而，如果这不可能，它们会用它们强大的喙来保护自己进行战斗。
Miller' s most famous play is a powerful attack on the American system.【2015山东阅读】Miller最著名的
剧本有力抨击了美国的体制。
practise [ˈpræktɪs] v. 练习
用法：practise doing 练习做某事
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.【2014福建】
她刚做完练习，她的妈妈就让她练习钢琴。
practise的名词形式：practice n. 练习；做法
In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. 【2024年1月浙江卷】实际上，怀疑产生了相反的效果。
practice [ˈpræktɪs] n. 练习；做法
Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests.【2012江苏阅读】年复一年，我们增加了练习测试的数量。
In my opinion, the practice is completely ridiculous.【2012湖南阅读】在我看来，这种做法是极其荒谬的。
短语：in practice 实际上，在实践中
In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to
keeping them.【2015上海完形】实际上，大多数公司的营销努力注重赢得顾客，却很少关注维持顾客。
pracice的形容词形式：practical [ˈpræktɪkl] adj. 实际的
This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the
forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】Catriona Campbell的这本引人入胜的
新书是应对即将到来的人工智能革命所带来挑战的实用路线图。
There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.【2014安徽】至于该
项目的实际价值人们还有疑虑。
prairie [ˈpreərɪ] n. 大草原
praise [preɪz] n. vt. 赞扬,表扬
But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect.【2013福建阅读】儿
童专家正在了解到太多的表扬会导致相反的作用。
用法：praise sb/sth for (doing) sth 因（做了）某事表扬某人
The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.【2013山东阅读】史密斯夫妇因为教育孩
子的方式而得到了赞扬。
pray [preɪ] v. 祈祷
pray的名词形式：prayer [preə] 祈祷
I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.【2015全国一阅读】我送出了感谢的祈祷。
precious [ˈpreʃəs] adj.宝贵的, 珍贵的
【真句】This medal was very precious to my parents.【2019浙江】 这枚奖章对我父母来说非常珍贵。
同义词：rare adj. 稀有的，珍贵的precise [prɪˈsaɪs] adj. 精确的,准确的
A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between
days of rest and days of work.【2014湖北阅读】半个世纪以前，大多数的美国人的工作时间和休息时间
是有严格的分解线的。
同义词：exact adj. 准确的； accurate adj. 准确的
predict [prɪˈdɪkt] v. 预测，预言，预料
scientists have failed to predict the outcomes.【2014重庆阅读】科学家未能预测结果。
predict的名词形式：prediction [prɪˈdɪkʃn] 预测
predict的同义词：foresee v. 预测，预料； forecast n. v 预测，预料
prefer [prɪˈfɜː] vt. 更喜欢
I now prefer chalks and ink.【2024年6月北京卷】我现在更喜欢粉笔和墨水。
用法：prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A
They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there.【2015安徽阅读】与郊区相比他们更喜欢
城市，因为他们的工作在城市里。
用法：prefer to do更喜欢做某事
Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems to themselves, and solve their problems by themselves.
【2014湖南】大多数美国人喜欢把问题留给自己然后自己解决这些问题。
prefer doing 更喜欢做某事
I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.【2015江苏】在周日，我更喜欢把自
己关起来听一整天的音乐。
prefer doing A to doing B 与做B相比更喜欢做A
It’s my impression that beggars simply prefer begging to working.【2006北京阅读】
在我的映象里面乞丐更喜欢乞讨而不喜欢工作。]
preference [ˈprefərəns] n. 偏爱
用法：preference for 对……的偏爱One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
【2015上海】她对城市生活偏爱的一个原因是她可以很容易进入诸如商店和餐馆之类的地方。
pregnant [ˈpreɡnənt] adj. 怀孕的 其名词形式为：pregnancy [ˈpreɡnənsi] 怀孕
prejudice [ˈpredʒʊdɪs] n. 偏见，成见
We’ve become so accustomed to noise that there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might
be beneficial.【2015安徽阅读】我们如此习惯于声音以至于我们对安静是有好处的想法有深深的成见。
premier [ˈpremɪə] n. 首相，总理
prepare [prɪˈpeə] vt. 准备
she was prepared to put him to sleep...【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】她准备让他入睡...
He could prepare meals in a small kitchen.【2012全国二阅读】它可以在小厨房里面准备饭菜。
用法：prepare for 为……做准备
They also help students prepare for college mathematics.【2012北京阅读】他们帮助学生为大学数学做准
备。
prepare sb for sth 使某人为……做准备
He believes that in this fast-developing world parents should prepare their children for lifelong learning at an
early age.【2012浙江阅读】他认为在这个快速发展的世界父母应该让孩子从小就为终身学习做准备。
prepare的名词形式：preparation n. 准备
prepare的形容词形式：preparared adj. 准备好的
preparared [prɪˈpeəd] adj. 准备好的
用法：be prepared for 为……做好准备
I'm well prepared for it.【2016浙江】我为此做好了准备。preparation [prepəˈreɪʃn] n. 准备
用法：make preparations (for) （为……）做准备（注意s千万不能被省略）
We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made.【2014天津】我们不会开始这份工作直
到所有的准备都做好了。
present [ˈpreznt] adj. 出席的；存在的；现在的 n. 礼物；现在 v.赠送，呈现
But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk was apparently present in the West long before the Han
emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road.【2014江西阅读】但是新的研究表明：在汉朝皇帝开
始在丝绸之路上组织贸易之前，丝绸之路就已经存在了。
Asian governments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon as possible.【2013安徽阅读】
亚洲政府必须尽可能快的采取措施改善现在的情况。
Teddy brought her a Christmas present too.【2013全国二阅读】Teddy也给她自己买了礼物
the Present and the Future of IPD.【2013江西阅读】IPD的现在和未来。
Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.【2014浙
江阅读】大师写的经典作品通过引人入胜的故事和语言来描述他们伟大的思想。
用法：be present at 出席……
Please be present at the science show in person.【2013湖南阅读】请亲自出席科技展。
at present
It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.【2015陕西】
据报道灾区的许多房子现在正在被建。
present sb with sth = present sth. to sb. 给某人某物；向某人呈现某物
They presented the elderly with flowers and fruits.【2014浙江写作】他们给老人花和水果。
present的名词形式：presence [ˈprezns] 出席；存在；到场
短语：in one’s presence = in the presence of sb 在某人面前，当着某人的面
I asked you not to smoke in my presence.【高考真句】我要求你不要当着我的面抽烟。
presentation [prezənˈteɪʃn] n. 报告；
Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough.【2013全国二七选五】不管报告是什么，公共演说都
很难。preserve [prɪˈzɜ:v] v. 保护，保存；维持，保持
We need to know more about how to preserve parrots.【2014湖北阅读】关于如何保护鹦鹉我们应该了解
的更多。
Forbidden city is the largest and best preserved collection of ancient buildings in China.【2014福建阅读】
紫禁城是中国最大的也是保存最好的古建筑群。
同义词：conserve v. 保存，保护（等于preserve）
Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species.【2015湖南阅读】自从1950年以来
所有的非洲象都被当作一种物种来保护。
易混词：reserve v. 预定；保留，留出；n. 保护区
president [ˈprezɪdənt] n. 总统；主席
press [pres] vt. 压，按；敦促，催促；熨平； n. 新闻界；出版社，印刷厂；按，压
The bear held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.【2014北京阅读】那个熊紧紧地抓着三脚架
压向我这边。
Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop
playing video games.【2012福建】受到父母的敦促，并且意识到浪费了许多时间，这个小男孩决定停
止玩电子游戏。
She gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet.【2015江西阅读】她夹
着刚熨平的衣服走向Jessica的衣柜。
The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant was giving in his place but, luckily,
everything was going on smoothly.【2015浙江】经理非常担心其助手代替其召开的记者招待会，但是幸
运的是一切进展顺利。
Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社
pressure [ˈpreʃə] n.压力；气压
In modern times, people have to learn to live with all kinds of pressure although they are leading a
comfortable life.【2013湖北】在现代社会，尽管人们过着舒适的生活但是他们不得不学会忍受各种各样的压力。
短语：blood pressure 血压；air pressure 气压
同义词：stress n. 压力
pretend [prɪˈtend] v. 假装
用法：pretend to do sth
He would ask who we were and pretend not to know us.【2016浙江改错】他会问我们是谁并假装不认识
我们。
pretty [ˈpretɪ] adj. 漂亮的，好看的；adv. 很，非常
My mum is pretty considerate.【2014福建】我的妈妈非常体贴
That’s pretty creative.【2016全国二阅读】那是非常有创造力的
prevent [prɪˈvent] vt. 阻止；预防，防止
It is a way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases.【2013广东】它是一种预防树木疾病传播的方式。
用法：prevent … from doing … 阻止……做……
China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from
being attacked in the South China Sea.【2012福建】中国最近加强了黄岩岛附近海域的控制为了阻止中
国渔船在南海受到攻击
同义词：：prevent/keep/stop … from doing … 阻止……做……
preview [ˈpriːvjuː] vt. 预习；预演
It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons.【2014江西作文】预习课程使我受益很多。
What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go
through?【2015上海完形】许多百脑汇演出进行彩排和出城预演的目的是什么？
previous [ˈpri:viəs] adj. 以前的，之前的
What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s previous experiment?【2014四川阅读】关于Ryan之前的实验我
们知道什么？易混词： precious 宝贵的
price [praɪs] n. 价格；代价
The price of oil is lower than before.【2015全国一阅读】石油的价格比之前的价格低了。
Women have to pay a high price for success.【2013福建阅读】女性为了成功不得不付出高的代价。
注意：cost也有“代价”之意
pride [praɪd] n. 自豪，骄傲；傲慢；自尊（心）；
My father could hardly contain his pride in me.【2015陕西阅读】爸爸难以抑制他对我的骄傲。
pride and prejudice【2013福建阅读】傲慢与偏见
I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.【2012广东阅读】
有时候我也会不顾我的自尊，向车站里的人们寻求帮助。
短语：take pride in 对……感到自豪 = be proud of
He took pride in having contributed to the world.【2014广东阅读】他为世界做贡献感到自豪。
pride的形容词形式：proud 骄傲的，自豪的
primary [ˈpraɪmərɪ] adj. 首要的，主要的；小学教育的，初级教育的
1. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks.【2024年6月北京卷】在小学，我学会了使用粉笔写
字。
2. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本)...【2024年
6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】“现在这些观察结果的数量超过了来自物理标本的原始数据……”
3. The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own
importance.【2014四川阅读】志愿者的首要职责是帮助那些在学习上有困难的人意识到他们的重要性。
4. I have been wearing glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.【2013全国一】自从上小学我就
开始戴眼镜了并且我非常讨厌他们。
5. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.【2014上海阅读】这会让他们
primitive [ˈprɪmɪtɪv] adj. 原始的
What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?【2015全国一】从文中我们可以得知原始鸟儿的什么情况？
principle [ˈprɪnsɪpl] n. 原则；原理
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.【2013江苏阅读】有的时候标
准改变了，我们不清楚改用哪个原则。
Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way.【2012浙江阅读】在日常生活中有意识的
使用这些原理。
print [prɪnt] vt. n.打印，印刷，印
1. We all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. 【2024年6月
新课标全国Ⅱ卷】我们都有手机，但我们中的许多人仍然喜欢回归传统，阅读印刷品。
2. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through ... 【 2024 年 6 月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】印刷阅读的好
处尤其显著地显现出来……
3. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily.
【2015全国一阅读】当印刷在15世纪被发明的时候，广告的纸张可以被很容易的打印出来。
print的两个名词形式：printer [ˈprɪntə] n. 打印机；printing [ˈprɪntɪŋ] n. 印刷，印刷术
prison [ˈprɪzn] n. 监狱 prison的另一个名词形式：prisoner [ˈprɪznə] n. 囚犯
private [ˈpraɪvɪt] adj. 私人的，个人的；私立的；不为公众所认识的
1. Refuse to accept so many work assignments in your private life or your working life.【2012浙江阅读】在你
的个人生活或工作生活中拒绝接受如此多的工作任务
2. Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending
millions of dollars to attract potential students.【2013广东阅读】私立大学、公立大学以及公司都加入了
网络教育领域，花费数百万美元吸引潜在的学生。
3. Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world.【2015福建阅读】
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis是世界上最不为公众所认识的女性之一。
private 的名词形式：privacy [ˈpraɪvəsi] 隐私；清静，独处Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment.【2014北京阅读】
选择一个清静的、对环境和他人影响小的野营地。
They can no longer have their privacy protected.【2013北京阅读】他们不再使他们的隐私受到保护。
privilege [ˈprɪvɪlɪdʒ] n. 特权；荣幸
Larry had some privileges.【2014江西阅读】Larry 有一些特权。
privilege的形容词形式：privileged 有特权的；荣幸的
prize [praɪz] n. 奖赏,奖品
I won a national prize for painting last week.【2013全国一改错】
辨析：reward, award, prize
三者的含义基本相同，但在不同语境中表达的含义有所差别。
reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：
The fireman received a reward for saving the child's life.
因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。
prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，其意与award相近，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：
Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.
参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。
probably [ˈprɔbəblɪ] adv. 很可能,大概
We will probably never know whether it’s true. 【2024年6月北京卷】我们可能永远也不会知道这是不
是真的。
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 【2014全
国一】马铃薯进入欧洲的确切日子并不清楚，但是很可能在1565年左右
probably的形容词形式：probable 可能的
problem [ˈprɔbləm] n. 问题，难题
Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem itself is.【2015湖南】在问题被解决
之前必须要清楚问题本身是什么。procedure [prəˈsiːdʒə] n. 程序，步骤
Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery. 【2013江
西阅读】根据画廊的决定额外的安全措施和检查将会被采用。
process [ˈprəʊses] n. 过程，进程v. 加工，处理
This process was repeated time and again.【2015安徽阅读】这个过程被反复重复。
Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.
【2012安徽】Carl正在大学学习食品科学，他希望将来有一天可以建立一个自己的肉类加工厂。
progress [ˈprəʊses] n. 进步，进展 v 进步，进展，
Much more progress will be made in the near future.【2016四川阅读】在不久的将来我们将会取得巨大进
步。
The infection has progressed to the early stages of AIDS.【2012湖北阅读】感染进展到艾滋的早期阶段
短语：make progress 取得进步/进展；
Thanks to her help, I made great progress in my study.【2015全国二改错】由于她的帮助我在学习上获得
了很大的进步。
produce [prəˈdjuːs] vt. 制造，生产；产生；出产
However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before
reaching the table.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】然而，商店里的大多数农产品在到达餐桌之前，已
经经过了数周的运输，并且覆盖了数百英里的路程。
It produced the best typewriter in the world.【2015安徽阅读】它制造出世界上最好的打印机。
Childhood experiences produce far-reaching effect on the health of grown-ups.【2012四川阅读】
孩童时代的经历会对成人产生深远的影响。
Then in 1996, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.【2013全国一阅读】
在1996年，由夏威夷出产的Del Monte Gold菠萝进入了我们的货架。
produce的名词形式：production; product
produce的形容词形式：productiveproduction [prəˈdʌkʃn] n. 制造，生产；产量
Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk.【2015全国一阅读】大公司使生产更加便宜的牛
奶成为可能。
GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any crop.【2015陕西阅读】
转基因技术实际上并没有增加任何庄稼产量的潜力。
product [ˈprɔdʌkt] n. 产品
Your product sounds like the right choice for me.【2013广东阅读】对我而言，你的产品听上去是一个正
确的选择。
productive [prəˈdʌktɪv] adj. 多产的，富有成效的
Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.【2013江苏任务型读写】团队
工作是必要的，并且它通常比单独工作有成效。
professional [prəˈfeʃənl] adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人士；职业选手
He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.【2014广东阅读】他比专业钢琴家弹得要好。
Now I feel more positive about my professional future.【2014四川完形】现在我对我职业的未来更加乐观。
It’s vital to believe in IT professionals.【2013湖北阅读】相信IT的专业人士是非常重要的。
professional作形容词时的名词形式: profession
profession [prəˈfeʃn] n.（需要有专业教育或训练的）职业
Peterson will change her profession next year.【2012山东阅读】Peterson明年将换职业。
professor [prəˈfesə] n. 教授
I said to my favorite college professor. 【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】我对我的最喜欢的大学教授说。profit [ˈprɔfɪt] n.利润；利益，好处；v. 有利于，对……有好处
Famous companies care more about profit than quality.【2015浙江阅读】著名的公司更加注重利润而不是
质量。
Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit.【2013四川阅
读】你卖这些无用的东西的欺骗行为只是为了获得巨大的好处。
Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.【2012天津阅读】拼写使单词转换为思想受益。
短语：profit from 从……获利
He would be thought of only as one who profited from the death and destruction.【2014广东完形】他将被
认为是唯一一个从死亡和破坏中获益的人。
profit的形容词形式：profitable [ˈprɑ:fɪtəbl] adj. 有利润的
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business. 2015陕西阅读 咖啡豆的生产是一个大的、
有利润的事情。
programme(美program) [ˈprəʊgræm] n. 计划，方案；节目；课程；计算机程序
Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.【2015山东】到目
前为止该项目已经拯救了成千上万名否则会死的儿童。
Before starting their programme, students are expected to take a language test.【2016天津阅读】在开始他
们的课程之前，学生们被要求参加语言测试。
For years I have been hosting a program on the radio and writing articles for a magazine.【2015重庆完形】
多年来我一直在电台主持节目，并且为杂志写文章。
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.【2013辽宁完形】我们也知道bug
就是指计算机程序或其它设计的漏洞。
prohibit [prəˈhɪbɪt] v. 禁止,阻止
Smoking is prohibited.【2015江苏阅读】禁止吸烟
用法：prohibit sth/sb (from doing sth)禁止某事物或某人做某事
同义词：ban禁止； forbid禁止
用法：ban/forbid sb/sth from doing sth禁止某事物或某人做某事
forbid sb to do sth禁止某事物或某人做某事project [ˈprɔdʒekt] n.项目；计划；课题；工程；
Project managers evaluate the performance of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects,
rather than the amount of time they spend on them.【2016上海完形】项目经理评价每个成员为项目做了
哪些事情的表现而不是他们所花费的时间。
Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.【2012山东阅读】参与该计划的儿童在阅读
方面都展示了明显的进步。
In the Central Valley area, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys,
【2015安徽阅读】在Central Valley地区，一个大型的水利工程将给干旱的峡谷提供灌溉用水。
I have to finish my project on the history of the Internet.【2015陕西】我不得不完成关于互联网历史的课
题。
promise [ˈprɔmɪs] v. 保证，答应；预示……可能会发生；n. 保证，承诺；
My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.【2014辽宁】我的父母保证在我去
非洲之前来看我。
Reading early may promise later achievements.【2012上海阅读】过早的阅读可能预示着以后会有所成就。
短语：keep/break a promise 遵守/违背诺言；
For six years now Bonner has kept his promise to stay out of prison.【2012浙江阅读】六年来Bonner一直
遵守着远离监狱的诺言。
make a promise 许下诺言
I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.【2012浙江】我向
自己许下诺言：今年，高中的第一年将会不一样。
promise的形容词形式：promising [ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ] adj. 有前途的，有希望的
promising drugs will soon stop AIDS.【2012湖北阅读】有希望的药物将会阻止艾滋
promote [prəˈməʊt] v. 推动，促进；提拔；促销，推销
Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote the trading and selling of goods.【2015
全国一阅读】有史以来，广告一直是促进商品买卖的有效方式。
I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention being promoted when we talked on the phone.【2013江
西】我听说他们提拔了Tom, 但在电话上Tom并没有提及此事。
Merchants were employed to promote products.【2015全国一阅读】商人被雇佣去推销产品。promote的名词形式：promotion [prəˈməʊʃn] n. 推动，促进；提拔；促销，推销
pronounce [prəˈnaʊns] vt. 发音
pronunciation [prənʌnsɪˈeɪʃn] n. 发音
proper [ˈprɔpə] adj.合适的，适当的
The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.
【2015浙江】实验表明如果定期做适当的训练的话，我们能够改善我们的健康。
proper的副词形式：properly adv. 适当地，正确地
Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.
【2013全国二阅读】只有增加一半的医生，这个医院的病人才能得到适当地治疗
protect [prəˈtekt] vt. 保护
用法：protect sb/sth (against/from sth) 保护……免受……
1. 【真句】Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting
endangered species across the ridges and valleys.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】栖息地恢复团队的志愿
者在恢复敏感资源和保护濒危物种方面扮演着至关重要的角色，他们遍布山脊和山谷。
2. 【真句】It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses
in later life.【2013上海】研究表明在儿童时代多吃蔬菜有助于在以后的生活中预防严重疾病
3. 【真句】These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and nighttime cold.【2012辽宁阅读】这些
云可以保护森林免受白天的热量以及夜晚的寒冷所带来的伤害。
protect的名词形式：protection [prəˈtekʃ(ə)n] n. 保护
protest [ˈprəʊtest]
As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro.【2014江西阅读】作为
一个担忧的父母，我写信是为了反对你们为Electro所做的广告。
prove [pruːv] vt. 证明，证实；证明是
I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince me.【2014辽宁阅读】我
不相信你的话，但是如果你能证实的话你也许可以让我信服。Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with.【2015北京阅读】铅中毒被证明是很难处理的。
prove的名词形式：proof [pru:f] n. 证明，证据
provide [prəˈvaɪd] vt. 提供
...it might provide what you need to get there.【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】...它可能提供你到达那里所
需要的。
...during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care...
【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】...在那段时间里，船上的医生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗服
务...
...there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】有一个
方便的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据。
用法：provide sb with sth; provide sth for sb提供某人某物
In those days, our primary concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm with food and
health care.【2013湖北】在那些日子里，我们首要的目标就是给那些被暴风雨阻挡的人提供食物和医
疗。
Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students in need of financial aid.【2013天津】许多中
国大学给那些需要资金援助的学生提供奖学金。
短语:provide for 供养，抚养
Jane insists that she needs her new, busy life to provide for her family.【2015四川阅读】
Jane坚持说她需要新的繁忙的生活去供养家庭。
provide的名词形式：provision [prəˈvɪʒn] n. 提供
province [ˈprɔvɪns] n. 省
psychological [ˌsaɪkəˈlɑ:dʒɪkl] adj. 心理学的
If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on
concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories.【2024年6月北
京卷】如果经验（实证的）无法揭示现实，那么推理也无法揭示现实，因为它依赖于我们社会、文化
和心理历史上的概念和词汇。
psychological 的两个名词形式：psychology [saɪˈkɔlədʒɪ] n. 心理学 psychologist [saɪˈkɑ:lədʒɪst] 心理学家
pub [pʌb] n. 酒店，酒吧
public [ˈpʌblɪk] adj. 公众的，大众的；公共的，共用的；公开的；公务的
It is not always easy for the public to see what use a new invention can be of to human life.【2015重庆】让
公众发现新发明对人类生活有什么作用不是总是那么容易的。
The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggests that we may need a nationwide campaign to
raise awareness of the risk of smoking.【2015江苏】仍然有许多民众在公共场所吸烟的事实表明我们需
要举办一个全国性的运动去提高吸烟是有风险的意识。
It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them.【2015湖北】
公务官员向民众所要礼物或金钱来帮助他们是非法的。
in public 公开地，当众
When it comes to speaking in public, no one can match him.【2014辽宁】在公共演讲方面，没有人能比
得上他
publish [ˈpʌblɪʃ] vt. 出版；发表；
The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist. 【2024年6月新课标
全国Ⅱ卷】获胜的故事将会进入我们的展示亭，然后你将成为一名发表作品的艺术家。
His first novel was published in 1920.【2015福建阅读】他的第一本小说于1920年出版。
Since then, Cisneros has published several books of poetry.【2013天津阅读】从那以后，Cisneros发表了
几本诗歌集。
pull [pʊl] v. 拉，拔；拿出 n. 拉
I noticed something at the bottom of one box. I pulled it out.【2013重庆阅读】我注意到到盒底有些东西，
我把它拿了出来。
Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier.
【2013四川阅读】当两个男孩掉入水里的时候，Tim断定把他们拉向码头会更加快、更加安全。pulse [pʌls] n. 脉搏，（光、能量、波等的）脉动，搏动
pump [ˈpʌmp] v. 抽出；上下抽动，进进出出 n. 泵
people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.【2015安徽阅
读】人们用风车将小麦磨成面粉，或者从地下抽水。
With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road.【2015 江西阅
读】他的心脏跳动的很快，他的腿快速的上下抽动，加速离开了崎岖的山路。
punctual [ˈpʌŋktjʊəl] adj. 准时的
Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual.
【2015湖北】尽管会议厅就在他的公寓旁边，但是他如果想要准时的话还得再快一点。
punctuation [ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeʃən] n. 标点符号
punish [ˈpʌnɪʃ] v. 惩罚
At no time did they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.【2013辽宁】事实上
他们并没有破坏游戏规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。
punish的名词形式：punishment [ˈpʌnɪʃmənt] n.惩罚,处罚
pupil [ˈpjuːpɪl] n. （小）学生
purchase [ˈpɜːtʃəs] v. 购买；n. 购买（的东西）
Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store.
【2013江西阅读】许多年前，如果你想买一首歌的唱片你得从音乐商店购买。
pure [pjʊə] adj. 纯的，纯净的；纯粹的，完全的pure water【2012重庆阅读】纯净水
Lis Smith found Sophia’s letter by pure chance.【2012湖北阅读】Lis Smith发现这封信纯属偶然
In much of the animal world, night is the time set aside for sleep— pure and simple.【2013湖北阅读】
在大多数动物世界，夜晚完全是被腾出来睡觉的。
purple [ˈpɜːpl] n. 紫色 adj. 紫色的
purpose [ˈpɜːpəs] n. 目的; 意图；(达到生活中目标的)决心，毅力
When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.【2016全国三完形】当我13
岁的时候，我唯一的目的就是成为足球队的明星。
短语：on purpose故意地，有意地
Why were some deer killed on purpose at Grand Canyon?【2013四川阅读】为什么在Grand Canyon一
些小鹿被故意杀掉？
同义词：deliberately adv.故意地；intentionally adv. 故意地
purpose的形容词形式：purposeful 有目的的，故意的
purse [pɜːs] n. 钱包
push [pʊʃ] v. n. 推；推动；按下（开关、按钮）；逼迫，鼓励
Just when she was about to speak, a student rushed in and pushed her aside!【2015广东读写任务】 当她即
将说话的时候，一个学生冲了进来把她推到一边。
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit all its citizens.【2012福建】
为了民众的利益，中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。
They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons,
experimenting, and building.【2012全国一阅读】当孩子们按按钮、做实验和堆积木的时候，这些活动
将会使你的孩子一整天都保持身心活跃。
I want them to push each other to think differently and to make connections between the course material and
the class discussion.【2015北京阅读】我想逼迫他们换种方式去思考，并且将课程材料和课堂讨论联
系起来。puzzle [ˈpʌzl] v. 使困惑；n. 迷，难题
But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.【2012江西阅读】
他很难控制自己的好奇心，这台新电脑让他很困惑。
He presented me with a puzzle.【2014天津完形】他给我留下了一个难题/迷
puzzle的两个形容词形式：puzzled 困惑的; puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
He is puzzled.【2015 湖北】他感到困惑。
put [pʊt] v. 放，放置；说，描述；投入
Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible to the kids.【2014江西】弗
兰克把药放在抽屉顶端确保孩子们够不着。
Dutch Leonard might have put it a little differently.【2013全国一阅读】Dutch Leonard描述的有点不一样。
You must have read widely and put a lot of work into it.【2012上海】你过去一定进行了广泛阅读并投入
了大量的工作。
pyramid [ˈpɪrəmɪd] n. 金字塔
高考核心词汇与练习---P
1. panic n. 恐慌 v. 感到恐慌（1) The crowd ran out _______________(惊慌地).
【答案】in panic
（2) He _____ and ran as fast as he could to safety.
A. paniced B. panicked C. to panic D. panicking
【答案】答案B解析：句中缺少谓语动词，panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。
（3) The girl got into a _____ when she heard the frightening news.
A. anxiety B. worry C. disorder D. panic
【答案】答案 D解析：get into a panic“惊慌失措（表动作）”，固定短语。
2. particular a. 特别的；讲究的；挑剔的
（1) The girl is very particular ___________her food.这小女孩吃东西十分挑剔。
（2) She loves the song _______________(特别), because her mother used to sing it.
【答案】(1) about / over (2)in particular
（3) She is very ______ about what she wears, depending on what occasions she has to attend.
A. especial B. special C. particular D. unique
【答案】答案 C解析：be particular about“对……挑剔，讲究”，为固定短语。
（4) There is nothing of ______ importance in today’s newspaper.
A. particular B. partial C. peculiar D. specific
【答案】答案A解析：particular“特别”，指众多事物中的个别。题意：今天的报纸上可没什么特
别的。Peculiar指“与众不同，独特”，强调与同类其他物品相异的特性。specific“具体的，特定
的”。
3. participate v. 参加；参与
（1) We want more ___________(participate) in the decision making.
【答案】participation
（2) Everyone in the class is expected to ______ these discussions.
A. share B. join C. contribute to D. participate in
【答案】答案D解析：句意：希望全班同学参与这些讨论。participate in“参加”，符合题意。
（3) As a young man he ____ the students’ movements and later died for his homeland.
A. joined B. attended C. participated in D. took part
【答案】答案 C解析：participate in“参加活动、运动等”。take part in, join in也可表示此意。
4. percentage n. 百分比；百分率
（1) Women now represent 50 __________ (percentage)of the workforce.
【答案】percent
（2) ______ is the percentage of the peasants of the country?A. How many B. How much C. What D. How small
【答案】答案 C解析：问百分率多少时，用what进行提问。
（3) 20 percent of the trees _______ since 1990.
A. is cut down B. are cut down C. has been cut down D. have been cut down
【答案】答案 D解析：因句中有since短语，故句子用现在完成时，当分数作主语时，谓语动词
的单复数要根据of后的名词的单复数来确定。
5. permit v. 允许；许可
（1) This private school doesn’t permit ①_________ (sleep) in class. The teachers won’t permit the
students ②_________ (chat) in class. If a student breaks the rule, the teacher won’t ③___________ (允
许他进入) the classroom. In a word, this private school ④______________(不许) violation of school
rules.
【答案】①sleeping ②to chat ③permit him into ④doesn’t permit
（2) The driver shall be fined if he drives without _______.
A. permission B. time C. patience D. admittance
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：如果司机不经允许就开车，那会被罚款。without permission“不经
允许”，是固定短语。
（3) —Why can’t I smoke?
—At no time ______ in the meeting-room.
A. does smoking permit B. is smoking permitted
C. smoking is permitted D. permits smoking
【答案】答案 B解析：at no time为否定词，置于句首时，句子用倒装语序。
6. persuade v. 说服；使信服；使相信
（1) The other day, my husband tried to persuade me ①__________ (not buy) that coat as he though it was
too long. However, the assistant tried hard to persuade me ②________ the good quality and fashionable
style of it. Therefore, I couldn’t help ③__________(persuade) into buying it. So you can see how easy it
is ④__________ (persuade) a woman ⑤_____ buying things that aren’t suitable for her.
【答案】①not to buy ②of ③being persuaded ④to persuade ⑤into
（2) What great trouble the boy had _____ his father to quit smoking!
A. persuaded B. persuade C. to persuade D. persuading
【答案】答案 D解析：句中含有一短语have trouble (in) doing …，故答案为D 项。
（3) Mr. Green has never smoked any more since his wife _____ him to give it up.
A. wanted B. persuaded C. advised D. suggested【答案】答案 B解析：根据前半句Mr. Green has never smoked any more可知，格林先生已被成
功地说服了戒烟。故答案为B。
7. possess v. 拥有；占有；受……支配（影响）
（1) When her father died, she came into ___________(possess) of a large fortune.
【答案】possession
（2) —How did you _____ the old valuable house?
—It used to be _____ my uncle. He left it to me in his will.
A. take possession of; in possession of B. take the possession of; in the possession of
C. take possession of; in the possession of D. take the possession of; in possession of
【答案】答案 C解析：take possession of“拥有，占有”，为固定短语；第二空前的主语为物
（it），故应用in the possession of“被……所拥有”。
（3) The opponents were ______ the ball for most of the match, and at last they won the game.
A. in the possession of B. in possession of
C. in the possession by D. in possession by
【答案】答案 B解析：主语为人，故应用in possession of。
8. prefer v. 更喜爱；钟爱
（1) Do you have a ___________(prefer) for a particular food?
【答案】preference
（2) ______ Sunday, rather than ______ at home, I preferred _____.
A. It being; stay; to travel B. Being; to stay; to travel
C. Having been; stay; travel D. It was; to stay; traveling
【答案】答案 A解析：It being Sunday为独立主格结构作状语；prefer to do…rather than do…“宁愿
做……而不愿做……”。
（3) He prefers ______ indoors _____ out this afternoon.
A. to stay; to go B. staying; to going C. staying; to go D. to stay; to going
【答案】答案 B解析：考查固定结构prefer doing to doing…。
9. preparation n. 准备；预备
（1) I am in ①__________(prepare) for my going abroad to study, so I am attending a course which
②__________(prepare) the students③ ________ TOFFLE. To tell the truth, the teacher doesn’t make
good ④__________(prepare) for his lessons. I have no choice but to be ⑤__________(prepare) to study
by myself. Anyway, I have to be well ⑥__________(prepare) for my ideal.
【答案】①preparation ②prepares ③ for ④preparations ⑤prepared ⑥prepared（2) Every morning he received bread _____ from the best flour.
A. prepared B. worked C. done D. prepared for
【答案】答案A解析：from the best flour意为“用最好的面粉（制成）……”，空白处应为“调
制，配制”，故应用prepared。
（3) Upon graduation from school, how well will you ____ the job that lies ahead?
A. prepare B. prepare for C. be prepared for D. be preparing
【答案】答案 C解析：how well已暗示空白处应选择表状态的短语，故只能选C。
10. present a. 存在的；目前的；在场的；出席的 v. 授予；提交 n. 礼物；目前
（1) The boy was punished in the __________(present) of all his classmates.
【答案】presence
（2) Often, even a common thing of the past can ____ the image of life in the ancient time.
A. describe B. express C. present D. impress
【答案】答案 C解析：present在此意为“呈现，展现”。
（3) All the people ______ at the party were his supporters.
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important
【答案】答案 A解析：present作后置定语，意为“在场的”。
11. preserve v. 保护；维护；保鲜 n. 专有领地；保护区
（1) The old building is in a good state of ____________(preserve) except for the wooden floors.
【答案】preservation
（2) At that time it was difficult to have one’s body _____ after his or her death.
A. preserving B. preserved C. preserve D. to be preserved
【答案】答案B解析：考查have sth. done结构。
（3) At minus 1300C, a living cell can be _____ for a thousand years.
A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：在零下130摄氏度，一个活细胞可以保存一千年。preserve“保
存”，符合题意。
12. pretend v. 假装；假扮；装扮
（1) He pretended ___________________the answer to the problem.他假装早就知道了问题的答案。
【答案】to have known
（2) He pretended ______ when his mother stepped into his room.
A. to study B. studying C. to be studying D. to have studied
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：当母亲进来时，他假装正在学习。pretend to be doing…“假装正在
做……”。（3) Children are running around ______ to be aeroplanes.
A. pretending B. to pretend C. being pretended D. having pretended
【答案】答案 A解析：孩子们假装自己是飞机在四周跑来跑去。Pretending to be aeroplanes是现在
分词短语作伴随状语。
13. privilege n. 特殊利益；特权；荣幸；光荣
（1) We _________________(privilege) to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.
【答案】are privileged
（2) Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege ______ introducing our speaker for tonight.
A. in B. of C. about D. on
【答案】答案 B解析：have the privilege of doing …“很荣幸地做某事”。
（3) It’s been a ______ to be involved in such interesting voluntary work.
A. privilege B. choice C. pity D. debate
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：被邀请参加有趣的志愿工作是一件很荣幸的事。It is a privilege to
do sth.“做某事是一项荣幸”。
14. puzzle n. 谜；疑问 v. 迷惑；使困惑
（1) He looked a little ___________(puzzle).
【答案】puzzled
（2) There was a ______ look _______ her face.
A. puzzled; on B. puzzled; at C. puzzled; with D. puzzle; in
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：他脸上表现出困惑的表情。puzzled“感到困惑的”；on one’s
face“在某人脸上”。
（3) The sudden fall in the value of the dollar _____ financial experts.
A. puzzling B. has puzzled C. puzzled out D. puzzles about
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：美元突然贬值，财经专家无不大伤脑筋。句中缺少谓语动词，故
Ａ项错误；puzzle是及物动词，意为“使……困惑”，后直接跟宾语。
15. perform v. 做；履行；执行；表演
（1) Inside the theatre, they were giving a ________________(perform) of Bizet's Carmen.
【答案】performance
（2) No matter _____, the work of Beethoven are still popular with people all over the world.
A. what frequently performed B. how performed frequently
C. what performing frequently D. how frequently performed【答案】答案 D解析：no matter让步状语从句，修饰副词frequently用how，排除A、C，B项
语序不对。
（3) Every student is required to watch the teacher carefully before _____ the chemistry experiment.
A. performing B. taking C. designing D. playing
【答案】答案 A解析：perform an experiment“做实验”。
16. point n. 论点；观点；要点；意图；目的 v. 指，指向；瞄准
（1) We were _______________(正要) leaving when the phone rang.
【答案】on the point of
（2) I was _____ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A. to B. on C. at D. in
【答案】答案 B解析：on the point of doing…意为“正要干……”，固定短语。
（ 3) The tomato juice left brown ______ on the front of my jacket.
A. spot B. point C. track D. trace
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：番茄汁在我夹克的前面留下了棕色的斑点。Spot意为“斑点，污
点”，符合句意。
17. position n. 姿势；位置，方位；职位；地位
（1) One of the chairs is ________________(不在适当位置).
【答案】out of position
（2) When he applied for a _____ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manger.
A. location B. profession C. career D. postion
【答案】答案 D 解析：题意：当他向当地报纸办事处申请职位时，人们要他去见经理。
position“职位；职务”，主要指工作岗位。
（3) The agency ______ the position that the government’s specifications were deficient.
A. makes B. plays C. takes D. does
【答案】答案 C解析：take the position 为固定短语，意为“认为”。
18. praise v. 表扬，称赞 n. 表扬；赞扬
（1) He wrote poems ____________(赞美) our great socialist motherland.
【答案】in praise of
（2) Last night I watched a TV play ______ a brave policeman who caught a group of the murders with
some driver’s help.
A. to praise B. to sing high praise for C. to respect D. in praise of【答案】答案 D解析：in praise of介词短语作后置定语。A、B、C即为动词不定式，不定式作
定语通常表示将来某一具体的动作；而题中出现了last night，故答案为D。
（3) The Chinese people _____ loving peace.
A. are praised for B. are in praise of C. is in praise of D. is praised for
【答案】答案A解析：people的谓语用复数形式，C与D不对。be praised for意为“因……而受
到称赞”，be in praise of结构有误，应为do…in praise of…，其意为“做……赞扬……”。
19. prohibit v. 禁止；阻止
（1) The price prohibited us _________buying it. 这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。
【答案】from
（2) Chinese customs regulations ______ taking precious works of art out of China.
A. prohibit B. forbid C. avoid D. respect
【答案】答案 A解析：句意为：中国海关条例规定禁止将珍贵的文物带出中国。Prohibit和
forbid这两个词都有“禁止”的意思，但应用范围不同：prohibit用于上级部门的正式法令，规定或
权威机构的法律、法令；forbid用于普通人之间如禁止某人做某事，或不让某人做某事。
（3) Smoking is strictly ______ in the process of handling explosive materials.
A. prohibited B. forbidding C. prohibiting D. prevented
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：在处理易爆物品时，严禁吸烟。smoking和prohibit之间为被动关
系，故应用被动语态。
20. promise v. 承诺；允诺；有望；使……可能 n. 承诺；允诺；前途；潜质
（1) She promises _______________ (be) a singer.
【答案】to be
（2) —Dad, you said you would buy me a new bicycle several day ago.
—Yes, it is my _____ if you do better in your exam.
A. idea B. reality C. promise D. fact
【答案】答案 C 解析：下句意为“如果你考试取得成绩，我会守诺言的”。
（3) My cousin _____ his mother never to _____ her again.
A. pretended; lie to B. refused; lie C. promised; lie to D. allowed; lie
【答案】答案 C解析：promise sb. to do sth.意为“向某人答应做某事”，注意“做某事”是主语
发出的动作，而不是宾语“某人”发出的动作。
21. prove v. 证明；证明是；结果是
（1) As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved ___________(correct).
【答案】( to be ) correct（2) —What do you think of his teaching method?
—It should be popular; it _____ practical.
A. proves B. is proved C. has been proved D. was proved
【答案】答案A解析：此处的prove是系动词，表示“证明是，结果是”。后三项中的prove都
是实义动词，语法结构不太恰当，而且D项的时态不合语意。
（3) —Why was Professor Wang unhappy recently?
—Because the theory he insisted on ______ wrong?
A. proved B. proving C. being proved D. was proved
【答案】答案 A解析：句中的he insisted on是定语从句，修饰the theory，故下句缺少谓语动词
且此处的prove是系动词，故只有A项正确。
22. provide v. 提供；供应
（1) You can go out to play ____________(provide) that you finish your homework.
【答案】provided / providing
（2) Not only food and clothing but also medical treatment has been _____ the people who need it in the
flooded areas.
A. supplied with B. provided for C. turned in D. set out to
【答案】答案 B解析：supply sth. to sb.，故不能选A。provide sth. for sb.，故答案为B。
（3) You can fly to Japan this morning ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Hong Kong.
A. provided B. because C. unless D. so far as
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：假如你不介意在香港换机的话，你可以坐飞机去日本。provided为
连词，意为“假如”，引导条件状语从句。其他不合题意。
23. purpose n. 意图；目的；目标
（1) He went there ________________(为了……目的) making business conracts.
【答案】for the purpose of
（2) We are writing to the manger _____ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.
A. with the exception of B. with the purpose of
C. with reference to D. with a view to
【答案】答案 C解析：题意：我们正给经理写信，内容是关于近期在上述地点进行修理的事。
with the exception of“除……之外”；with the purpose of“指望，以……为目的”；with reference
to“关于”；with a view to“以……为目的；鉴于”，根据句意，可知Ｃ项正确。
（3) Her sole purpose _____ being here was to kill some time.
A. with B. of C. in D. for【答案】答案 C 解析：句意：她到这里的唯一目的是消磨点时间。one’s purpose in doing
sth.“在……方面的目的”。
24．put up搭建；张贴；举起；住宿
(1) We can easily put you up _______ the night.我们可以很容易地安排你的住宿。
(2) The suggestion put ___________ (提出) at yesterday’s meeting was considered practical.
(3) I can’t put up _________ his bad behavior.
【答案】(1) for (2) forward (3)with
(4)A notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.
A．sent up B．given up
C．set up D．put up
【答案】答案 D
解析 句意为：通知已张贴出来了，目的是为了提醒学生们讲座时间已改变。根据notice(通知)与
动词的搭配特点可知，空白处要用put up表示“张贴”。send up发射；give up放弃；set up建立。
(5)I can some noise while I’m studying，but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A．put up with B．get rid of
C．have an effect on D．keep away from
【答案】答案 A
解析 由后句可知，前句意为：当我学习的时候，我能容忍一点噪音。put up with容忍，符合句意。
25．put off推迟；延期
(1) We’ll have to put off _________(go) on vacation until you’re better.
(2)The meeting _______________(put) off till next week.
【答案】(1) going (2)has been put
(3)If you suspect that the illness might be serious you should not going to the doctor.
A．put away B．put up
C．put down D．put off
【答案】答案 D
解析 句意为：如果你怀疑病情严重，你不应推迟去看医生。put off推迟，符合题意。
(4)Don’t until tomorrow what can be done today.A．put away B．put off
C．put forward D．put up
【答案】答案 B
解析 句意为：今天可以做的事情不要拖到明天去做。put away收拾；存放；put off推迟；put
forward提出；put up举起；支起。
26．pick up卷起，掀起；捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转；取回
（1）We were able to pick ________ the BBC World Service.
(2) He picked ________ the ripest peach for me.
【答案】(1) up (2)out
（3）—You’re coughing badly，Green.Why not give up smoking?
—Give up smoking？Easier said than done，Mary.Once you the habit of smoking，it is
very hard for you to .
A．keep up；break it away
B．take up；drop it out
C．pick up；get rid of it
D．build up；do away with it
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：一旦你染上抽烟的习惯，要戒掉它是很难的。pick up(无意中)学会；get rid of去
除……。
（4）After staying in hospital for long，the patient was advised to go to the seaside to
his health.
A．take up B．pick up
C．carry up D．make up
【答案】答案 B
解析 句意为：在住了很长时间的院后，病人被建议去海边恢复健康。pick up指“(身体)好转；恢
复(健康)”，符合句意。
（5）It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly my friend.(2011·荆门统考)
A．turn out B．bring outC．call out D．pick out
【答案】答案 D
解析 由句意“电影院里如此黑以致于我没有辨认出我的朋友。”知应选pick out 辨认出。
（6）—Here is a photo of my family taken 10 years ago.Can you my brother?
—The boy in yellow，I guess.
A．pick up B．pick out
C．take in D．take up
【答案】答案 B
解析 问句第二句句意为：你能辨认出我弟弟吗？pick out辨认出。
27．protect sb.from...保护某人不受……的侵袭；挡住；防御
(1)China has strong laws to protect people ________ advertisements that lie.
(2) They would ________the rich ________ robbing the poor. 他们要制止富人掠夺穷人。
(3) He raised his arm to protect his child from _____________ (hurt).
【答案】(1) from (2) prevent / stop / keep (3)being hurt
(4)—What’s the weather like today?
—Sunny but freezing cold，so you should put on more clothes to yourself the
cold.
A．prevent；from B．keep；from
C．protect；of D．protect；from
【答案】答案 D
解析 protect...from保护……免受……的侵害；keep...from.../prevent...from...阻止某人做某事。
(5)—What measures should we take to control the disease?
—In my opinion，what matters most is to it from spreading.
A．prevent B．avoid
C．protect D．benefit
【答案】答案 A
解析 分句句意为：我认为最重要的是阻止疾病的传播。prevent...from...阻止……，符合句意。
(6)Many more policemen should be sent to them some endangered animals.A．prevent；to hunt B．stop；hunting
C．keep；to hunt D．keep；hunting
【答案】答案 B
解析 stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事；keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。
(7)The heavy snowstorm all people in the south going out at the beginning of last year；they
had to stay at home waiting for help.
A．avoided B．forbad
C．kept D．prevented
【答案】答案 D
解析 prevent sb.(from) doing...表示“阻止某人干……”。keep sb.from doing...表示“阻止某人
干……”，但from不能省；而avoid表示“避免”，forbid表示“禁止”，都不符合题干意义和句
子结构。
28．pull out拔出；驶出；退出
(1) We waved as the train pulled _________the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。
(2)The doctors think he’ll pull ____________.His temperature has gone down.医生们认为他会渡过
危险期，他的体温已经降下来了。
【答案】(1) out of (2)through
(3)—Did Mr.Wood catch the train?
—Yes.He was lucky enough to get on the train before it .
A．pulled on B．pulled down
C．pulled in D．pulled out
【答案】答案 D
解析 由句意可知，此处应当是“在火车开出之前”；pull out驶出，符合句意。
(4)He jumped on the last bus just as it was ，so he wasn’t late for work.
A．pulling away B．pulling over
C．pulling up D．pulling through
【答案】答案 A解析 句意为：他跳上了末班车，恰恰在它正要开走的时候……。pull away(汽车等)开走，符合句
意。
29．pass...off as(某人)冒充
(1)He escaped by ___________himself __________ a guard.
(1)I passed ________ (经过) a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.
(3)She passed ________ (去世) peacefully in her sleep at the age of 96.
【答案】(1) passing ; off (2) by (3)away
(4)She passed herself off a servant into the nobleman’s house to avoid .
A．as；being recognized
B．into；recognizing
C．by；to be recognized
D．with；recognizing
【答案】答案 A
解析 pass sb.off as sb.把某人假装为某人，且avoid后应加doing。
(5)The tradition has been passed from one generation to the next.
A．by B. away C．down D．on
【答案】答案 C
解析 pass...down from...to...的被动形式。
30．pay attention to注意，关注
(1) I’ve got to try to focus my attention ________ work.
(2) His attention _______________(attract) by her smile.
(3) He listened to the lecture ________ attention.
【答案】(1) on (2) was attracted (3)with
(4)The teacher suggested that much attention should the spelling mistakes.
A．pay for B．pay to
C．be paid for D．be paid to
【答案】答案 D解析 pay attention to的被动结构。
(5) should be paid to our study，and only in this way can we make more progress.
A．Heart B．Mind
C．Notice D．Attention
【答案】答案 D
解析 四个选项中和pay...to搭配的只有attention，其他不符合习语搭配。
40．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
(1)After 10 years of hard work，they __________ their debts at last.
(2) Tall people pay more ______ larger beds.
(3)Can you lend me ￡10？I’ll pay you ________ on Friday.
【答案】(1)n paid off (2) for (3)back
(4)—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition.
—Oh，really？I’m glad that his efforts at last .
A．worked out B．got back
C．paid off D．turned out
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：我很高兴，他的努力最终获得了回报。pay off取得成功，获得回报。
(5)All those weeks of studying will when you take the important exam.
A．pay back B．pay off
C．pay for D．pay up
【答案】答案 B
解析 pay off取得成功，获得回报。
41．prove to be证实……
(1)Your computing experience should ______________(证明是有用的)．
【答案】prove ( to be ) useful
(2)The employee you had been thinking highly dishonest.
A．of proving B．of provedC．of to prove D．of being proved
【答案】答案 B
解析 you had been thinking highly of是定语从句，修饰employee，而proved是谓语动词，主语为
employee.
(3)During the longterm cooperation，your uncle a smart，honest and trustworthy
man.
A．proved B．appeared
C．turned D．made
【答案】答案 A
解析 句意为：在长期合作期间，你叔叔证明是一个聪明、诚实和值得信任的人。prove证明是，
符合句意。
42．put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前
(1)May I put ___________ your name as a possible chairman of the committee?
(2) Put the clock _______ 5 minutes. 把表拨快5分钟。
(3)You could always put the decision __________ (推迟) a little bit longer.
【答案】(1) forward (2) forward (3)off
(4)—Why is he feeling down today?
—Because the suggestion he has been turned down.
A．put away B．put up
C．put down D．put forward
【答案】答案 D
解析 put forward a suggestion提出建议。答句句意为：——因为他提的建议已被拒绝了。
(5)Don’t be so discouraged.If you such feelings，you will do better next time.
A．carry on B．get back
C．break down D．put away
【答案】答案 D解析 句意为：不要泄气，如果你收起这样的情绪的话，下一次你将做得更好。put away将……收
起，放好。
43．put up with忍受；容忍
(1) The woman has a lot _________ (put) up with.
(2) I can’t put up with _________________(keep) _________ (wait).
【答案】(1)to put (2)being kept ; waiting
(3)To make a living，they are willing to many of the disadvantages of city life such as crime，
heavy traffic and pollution.
A．put up B．put off
C．put up with D．put away
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：为了生存，他们愿意忍受城市生活的许多缺点，诸如犯罪、繁忙的交通和污染问题。
put up with忍受。
(4)No one will your bad behavior any longer.
A．keep up with
B．get in touch with
C．put up with
D．communicate with
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：将没有人再忍受你的不良行为。put up with忍受，符合句意。
44．play a role in...在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用
(1)Besides dieting，exercising ______________________(起重要作用) losing weight.
【答案】plays an important part in
(2)She says that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place to live in.
A．to have played B．to play
C．to be played D．to be playing
【答案】答案 B解析 由于each of us和play之间为主谓关系，所以不定式应用主动形式，且句子陈述的是一般状
况，故用不定式的一般式。
(3)Have you really realized the role computer has in the daily life?
A．made B．given
C．caused D．played
【答案】答案 D
解析 play a role in在……中起作用。
45．point out指出
（1）And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique _____________(观点) in his most recent
book，The Rational Optimist.
（2）Some economists have pointed _________ that low inflation is not necessarily a good thing.
(3)The hands of the clock pointed ________ (指向) a quarter past one.
【答案】(1) point of view (2) out (3)to
（4）Thank you for out all the mistakes in my homework.
A．picking B．pointing C．working D．making
【答案】答案 B
（5）It’s bad manners to point people.
A．to B．up C．at D．out
【答案】答案 C
解析 point at强调“瞄准，指着”。句意为：对人们指指点点是不礼貌的。
46．put...together把……结合成一个整体；装配
（1）We bought the big house with the savings we had for several years.
A．put aside B．put off
C．put down D．put in
【答案】答案 A
解析 考查动词短语辨析。put aside放在一边，搁置；储蓄；put off延期，推迟；put down写下，
记下；put in使加入，选举。句意为：我们用存了几年的积蓄买了这栋大房子。由句意可知答案为
A项。（2）—Look，John’s fallen asleep at work!
—Oh，he must have late last night.
A．waken up B．put up
C．taken up D．stayed up
【答案】答案 D
解析 stay up熬夜，不睡觉。
47．put out扑灭，关掉；生产；出版；公布
（1）The forest fire _____________by the local people before the firefighters arrived.
(2)Don’t put ________ (推迟) until tomorrow what can be done today.
【答案】(1) was put out (2)off
（3）It was reported that the forest fire last Sunday and that it itself and wasn’t
.
A．went out；broke out；put out
B．broke out；went out；put out
C．broke out；put out；went out
D．put out；broke out；went out
【答案】答案 B
解析 break out爆发；go out火(自然)熄灭；put out扑灭。
（4）Police have a description of the man they wish to question.
A．bring out B．put out
C．take out D．come out
【答案】答案 B
解析 put out公布。句意为：警方公布了他们想要讯问的那名男子的特征。
48．provided that...只要，如果
（1）You can use my car _______________(provide) that you drive carefully.
【答案】provided/providing（2） that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help？(2012·合肥月考)
A．Provide B．Provided
C．Having provided D．If only
【答案】答案 B
解析 provided that...意为：如果……。
(3) you have finished your homework can you go out to play.
A．Only if B．Providing that
C．On condition that D．As long as
【答案】答案 A
解析 由主句中所用倒装结构可知。