八大句子成分 各司其职
句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、
状语、补语、表语和同位语等。
一、主语——句子的主体
Sometimes ______________________________________ can mean getting more.
如何与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。
______________________________________ is the second thing you should learn.
我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。
______________________________________ is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.
二、谓语——主语的行为
半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。
Half an hour later, I ______________________________________ to find the right answer.
1．对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.
2．手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语)
The watch ___________________________ in our daily life, but its function __________________.
三、宾语——动作的对象
我真的希望你能给我一些如何学习英语的好的建议。(从句作宾语)
I really hope __________________________________
他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词作宾语)
Suddenly he thought of ______________________________________________ before setting out.
四、表语——主语的特征
尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。(形容词作表语)
Although the answer seemed __________________________________, nobody but I doubted it.
几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语)
Several minutes passed but the whole class __________________________________.
五、定语——名词的修饰语
最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。(从句作定语)
Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, ___________________________
__________________________________
我们可能有各种各样应付此类情况的方式。(不定式短语作定语)
We may have various ways __________________________________.
六、状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语
为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。(不定式短语作状语)
__________________________________, my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and
later reported to the headmaster.
旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(形容词作状语)
After a week’s trip, he returned home, __________________________________.
七、补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明这些书籍有望帮助同学们更好地认识和理解汉语。(不定式短语作宾补)
①Hopefully, these books will help the students __________________________________.
如果我们竭尽全力，我们的国家将会变得越来越美丽。(形容词作主补)
②Our country will be made __________________________________ if we try our best.
科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式作宾补)
Popular science books can help us students _____________________________________________.
八、同位语——同等重要的修饰语
我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。(名词作同位语)
We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, ___________________________
for us to show our respect for the elderly.
同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。(同位语从句)
In the meantime, those volunteers hold the opposite view__________________________________
__________________________________
Ⅰ.分析句子成分
句子成分分辨
1.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ C
2.Every night he heard the noise upstairs. S ＋ V ＋ O
3.Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. S ＋ V ＋ Oi ＋ Od
4.I poured my drink down the sink. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ A
5.We found nobody in. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ C
6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. S ＋ V ＋ O
7.He lives in a big city. S ＋ V ＋ A
8.The man downstairs was trying to sleep. S ＋ V ＋ O
9.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. S ＋ V ＋ P
10.How many new words did you learn last class？ S ＋ V ＋ O
Ⅱ.按要求完成小作文
Good morning, everyone！It’s my honor ①__________________________________ (在这里作一个简
短的报告)．
Recently I have found ②__________________________________ (我们一些同学不能有效地学习)．
Some can’t help falling asleep in class, ③______________________________ (因为他们经常学习到深夜，
用状语从句). Others seldom have sports, ④______________________
__________________________________(这确实对他们的健康有害)．
As we know, enough sleep is ⑤__________________________________(非常重要) for us Senior 3
students. We can concentrate our mind in class with sufficient sleep, so we should try to make wise use of our
time, ⑥__________________________________(在学习和休息上取得平衡). Besides,
⑦__________________________________ (每天适当地锻炼) can benefit us a lot, keeping fit, reducing stress
and so on. Let’s spare some time ⑧_____________________________ ______________(做各种运动). And
only in this way can we keep a good mood and study well.
That’s all. Thank you for listening!高分句子欣赏并分辨记忆
1. That is the reason why I'm not in favour of revising the plan.
这就是我不赞成修正这个计划的原因。
2. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time.
他的失败是由于他没有练习很长时间。
3. It is likely that it will rain in the evening.
可能晚上会下雨。
4. How they went to America is what I want to know.
他们如何到的美国是我想知道的事情。
5. It occurred to him that he had left his key at home.
他突然想起把钥匙落在了家里。
申请信是应用文书信的一种，主要就某个职位向对方提出自己的申请。内容包括说明信息的来源、介绍
个
段落结构
第一段：写信目的——申请某个机会或参加某个活动。
第二段：内容要点——申请原因，具备资格（以及申请后的做法）。
第三段：表达期望——希望获得批准，表达感激。
常用模板
I have learned from _______________（信息来源） that _______________（活动）, and I am writing to
apply to _______________（写信目的）.
First of all, I am good at _______________（个人能力）. What's more, through the _______________
（活动）, I am able to _______________（申请原因）. Last, I am a _______________ person （个人性
格）, so I am confident that I can _______________（胜任具体工作）.
I would be grateful if my application can be approved.
Yours,
Li Hua
高分表达——篇首句
1. I'm Li Hua, a student from Guangming Middle School.
2. I have read in the newspaper that you are finding an assistant.
3. I read the announcement that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in the job.
4. I am so glad to see your advertisement for an English teacher in the newspaper.5. I am writing to apply for the job.
高分表达——篇中句
1. I think I'm qualified for the position.
2. First of all, I am good at communication and cooperation.
3. What's more, I am well acquainted with the English culture.
4. Last but not the least, I have good personality, and I am quite independent.
5. I am sure I can do my best in this job.
高分表达——篇尾句
1. I will be much grateful if you can offer me the opportunity.
2. I hope you can offer me the chance.
3. I hope I can be accepted as a member of your company.
4. I am looking forward to your early reply.
5. I will do my best if I am accepted by your company.
作文训练
假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业，你从报纸上得知 B&B 公司要招聘一名英文秘书，
你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括下列要点：
（1）年龄；
（2）学习情况及英语水平；
（3）兴趣和特长；
（4）性格特点；
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
各司其职的八大句子成分
句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、
状语、补语、表语和同位语等。
一、主语——句子的主体
如何与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。
How_to_get_along_well_with_others is the second thing you should learn.
我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。
What_I_am_going_to_tell_you is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.
二、谓语——主语的行为
半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。Half an hour later, I managed to find the right answer.
1．对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。(“情态动词＋实义动词”作谓语)
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.
2．手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板了。(系表结构作谓语)
The watch is_necessary in our daily life, but its function is_too_simple_and_dull.
三、宾语——动作的对象
我真的希望你能给我一些如何学习英语的好的建议。(从句作宾语)
I really hope that you can give me some good advice on how to study English.
他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词作宾语)
Suddenly he thought of seeing_the_beautiful_views_of_the_city_again before setting out.
四、表语——主语的特征
尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。(形容词作表语)
Although the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.
几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。(介词短语作表语)
Several minutes passed but the whole class was in_complete_silence.
五、定语——名词的修饰语
最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。(从句作定语)
Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.
我们可能有各种各样应付此类情况的方式。(不定式短语作定语)
We may have various ways to_deal_with_such_a_situation.
六、状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语
为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。(不定式短语作状语)
In order to solve this problem, my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported
to the headmaster.
旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(形容词作状语)
After a week’s trip, he returned home, tired_but_very_happy.
七、补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明
这些书籍有望帮助同学们更好地认识和理解汉语。(不定式短语作宾补)
①Hopefully, these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese better.
如果我们竭尽全力，我们的国家将会变得越来越美丽。(形容词作主补)
②Our country will be made more and more beautiful if we try our best.
科普书能帮助我们学生对科学和自然更感兴趣。(不定式作宾补)
Popular science books can help us students to_become_more_interested_in_science
_and_nature.
八、同位语——同等重要的修饰语
我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。(名词作同位语)
We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival, a holiday for us to show our
respect for the elderly.
同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。(同位语从句)In the meantime, those volunteers hold the opposite view that_they_are_fed_up_with_ the _earth_life_and_
eager_for_living_on_the_Mars. (2013·上海高考写作)
[综合演练提能]
Ⅰ.分析句子成分
句子成分分辨
1.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ C
2.Every night he heard the noise upstairs. S ＋ V ＋ O
3.Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. S ＋ V ＋ Oi ＋ Od
4.I poured my drink down the sink. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ A
5.We found nobody in. S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ C
6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. S ＋ V ＋ O
7.He lives in a big city. S ＋ V ＋ A
8.The man downstairs was trying to sleep. S ＋ V ＋ O
9.To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult. S ＋ V ＋ P
10.How many new words did you learn last class？ S ＋ V ＋ O
Ⅱ.按要求完成小作文
Good morning, everyone！It’s my honor ①to_be_here_to_make_a_short_speech (在这里作一个简短的
报告，用不定式短语作真正主语和状语)．
Recently I have found ②that_some_of_our_classmates_ can ’ t _study_effectively (我们一些同学不能有
效地学习，用宾语从句)．Some can’t help falling asleep in class,
③because_they_often_study_too_late_into_the_night (因为他们经常学习到深夜，用状语从句). Others
seldom have sports, ④which_surely_does_harm_to_their_health (这确实对他们的健康有害，用定语从句)．
As we know, enough sleep is ⑤ of_great_importance(非常重要，用介词短语作表语) for us Senior 3
students. We can concentrate our mind in class with sufficient sleep, so we should try to make wise use of our
time, ⑥making_a_balance_between_work_and_leisure (在学习和休息上取得平衡，用现在分词作状语).
Besides, ⑦ doing_proper_exercise_every_day (每天适当地锻炼，用动名词作主语) can benefit us a lot,
keeping fit, reducing stress and so on. Let’s spare some time ⑧to_do_all_kinds_of_sports (做各种运动，用
不定式短语作状语). And only in this way can we keep a good mood and study well.
That’s all. Thank you for listening!
高分句子欣赏并分辨记忆
1. That is the reason why I'm not in favour of revising the plan.
这就是我不赞成修正这个计划的原因。
2. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time.
他的失败是由于他没有练习很长时间。
3. It is likely that it will rain in the evening.
可能晚上会下雨。
4. How they went to America is what I want to know.他们如何到的美国是我想知道的事情。
5. It occurred to him that he had left his key at home.
他突然想起把钥匙落在了家里。
高分作文欣赏并分辨记忆
(2019.全国卷1)假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写封信申请做志
愿者，内容包括:
1.写信目的;
2. 个人优势;
3.能做的事情。
注意: 1.词数80左右:
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3. 结束语已为你写好。
申请信是应用文书信的一种，主要就某个职位向对方提出自己的申请。内容包括说明信息的来源、介绍
个
段落结构
第一段：写信目的——申请某个机会或参加某个活动。
第二段：内容要点——申请原因，具备资格（以及申请后的做法）。
第三段：表达期望——希望获得批准，表达感激。
常用模板
I have learned from _______________（信息来源） that _______________（活动）, and I am writing to
apply to _______________（写信目的）.
First of all, I am good at _______________（个人能力）. What's more, through the _______________
（活动）, I am able to _______________（申请原因）. Last, I am a _______________ person （个人性
格）, so I am confident that I can _______________（胜任具体工作）.
I would be grateful if my application can be approved.
Yours,
Li Hua
高分表达——篇首句
1. I'm Li Hua, a student from Guangming Middle School.
2. I have read in the newspaper that you are finding an assistant.
3. I read the announcement that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in the job.4. I am so glad to see your advertisement for an English teacher in the newspaper.
5. I am writing to apply for the job.
高分表达——篇中句
1. I think I'm qualified for the position.
2. First of all, I am good at communication and cooperation.
3. What's more, I am well acquainted with the English culture.
4. Last but not the least, I have good personality, and I am quite independent.
5. I am sure I can do my best in this job.
高分表达——篇尾句
1. I will be much grateful if you can offer me the opportunity.
2. I hope you can offer me the chance.
3. I hope I can be accepted as a member of your company.
4. I am looking forward to your early reply.
5. I will do my best if I am accepted by your company.
作文训练
假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业，你从报纸上得知 B&B 公司要招聘一名英文秘书，
你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括下列要点：
（1）年龄；
（2）学习情况及英语水平；
（3）兴趣和特长；
（4）性格特点；
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, an 18-year-old student who will be graduating from Xinxing Foreign Language School this July. I
read the advertisement that you have posted in the newspaper. I am extremely interested in it; thus I'd like to apply
for it.
First and foremost, I have a good command of English and I am among the top 5 in my class, which guarantees
that I am qualified for this position. Besides, in my spare time, not only will I do a lot of reading like English
novels and poems, but also I will enjoy some English music. Last but not least, being a considerate and easy-going
person, I am confident that I can get along well with others in this company.
Should this application meet with your favorable consideration, I will do my utmost to justify the confidence you
repose in me.
Yours,
Li Hua
