文档文本内容
2024-2025高三英语一轮复习通关必备
英语句子成分分析法
一、中英文语言差异比较
例：1. 北京机场就要到了。
BeiJing Airport is arriving. ×
We are arriving at BeiJing Airport .√
【解析】英语句子的主语必须是谓语动作的发出者，宾语是谓语动词的承受者。是“我
们”到了机场，而不可能是“机场”。
2. 大学英语四级阅读理解长句
In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a rise in the number of
households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll
spending from 43 pounds in 2014 to 41 pounds in 2015.
【解析】英语句子可能很长，但把修饰成分去掉后就会只剩下主干“Sales fell.”主谓结
构。
二、英语句子成分分析法原理
英语句子无论多么复杂，一定是由主干结构（主谓宾表补）和修饰成分（定语、状
语和同位语）组成，读懂句子尤其是长难句的关键是快速区分这些成分，尤其是较长的定语、状语、同位语和各种从句。
主干成分---主谓宾表补构成五大基本句型(简单句)：
1. 主谓（vi.）The moon rose. The accident happened on a cold winter morning. They
lived happily ever after.
2. 主谓(vt.)宾： They are reading books. He just wanted to stay at home. All of us
believe that Jack is an honest boy.
3. 主系表：He is busy. The cloth feels smooth. After the accident, he still kept alive.
She seemed very tired after work. The sound grew.
4. 主谓间宾直宾：Mr Smith gave me some advice.(= Mr Smith gave some advice to
me.)
He bought his son a bicycle.(= He bought a bicycle for his son.)
5. 主谓宾+宾补：We call him a living dictionary. You will find my suggestions very
useful. Our English teacher always encourages us to work hard. We saw them getting on the
bus.
修饰成分：定状同位语
定语：修饰名词或代词，分为前置定语和后置定语；
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表达时间、地点、方式、条件、让
步、伴随、原因、结果等意义。
同位语：放名词后对名词起补充说明作用，可以是名词/名词短语、反身代词或同位
语从句。
作定语和状语的“四长两短”成分
“四长”即介词短语、从句（定语从句和状语从句）、非谓语动词(现在分词doing
表主动或进行，动名词doing相当于一个名词；过去分词done表被动或完成；不定式to
do 表目的或将来/将要)和形容词短语。
“两短”即形容词和副词(短语)。
具体应用如下：
四长
介词短语：We are students from China. （作后置定语）
We have moved to China for two years.（作状语）
从句：When I was young, I would listen to the radio program which helped me a lot in
leaning Englsih.（定语从句和状语从句）
非谓语动词：The house dating back to Qing dynasty belongs to him. （现在分词短语作
后置定语）
Dating back to Qing Dynasty, the house belongs to him. （现在分词短语作状语）The old man followed by a dog is Mr. Tom. （过去分词短语作后置定语）
Mr. Tom entered the room, followed by a dog.（过去分词短语作状语）
I have a meeting to prepare. （不定式作后置定语）
I get up early to prepare for the meeting.（不定式作状语）
形容词短语：He is the man suitable for the job. （作后置定语）
Tired and hungry, he went to bed. （作状语）
两短
The beautiful Sinderella was dancing gracefully in the ball just then. （形容词作定语；
副词或副词短语作状语）
三、组件分析法实战演练
2024年全国新高考
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal
with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap
addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
【分析】利用成分分析法，如下：
四、小结长难句分析练习
1. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇]According to this theory, people approach digital texts with
a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort
than when they are reading print.
2. [2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇]Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of
plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual
global biodiversity patterns.
3. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解D篇]In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as
complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more
than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
4. [2024新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空] Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, who
is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,
William Shakespeare’s hometown.
5. [2024全国甲卷阅读理解D篇]He suggested I think about the difference between endings
that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that
satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome.
答案解析
1. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。suited to social media作后置定语修饰mindset, which引
导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media，and连接主句并列的谓语approach和
devote。翻译：根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体
通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。
2. 分析： 本句是一个主从复合句。Using a global dataset ...为分词短语作状语， how引
导宾语从句作test的宾语。
翻译：Daru和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据
集，测试这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
3. 分析：本句为but连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中包含一个限制性定语从句that
powers AI，修饰先行词the computer code。
翻译：这本书如果落入不当之手，可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆
幸的是，Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，可以将枯燥的内容转化为通俗易懂的内
容。
4.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是Chinese cultural elements…add an
international character to…，其中who引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Tang Xianzu。
翻译：纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素为威廉-莎士比亚的故乡埃
文河畔的斯特拉福德增添了国际特色。
5.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中that I wanted for the characters、that were right for
the characters和that satisfied the story均是定语从句，均修饰各自前面的endings; even if引
导让步状语从句;He suggested I think about ...中，suggest意为“建议”其后的宾语从句中
用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气，think前省略了should。
翻译：他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，即满足故事需要
的结局，即使这些结局不是传统意义上的美满结局。
