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曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
专题十 推测词义
题组一 单词类
Passage 1
(2019江苏,B) 词数 360
In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became
puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before:he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. It had
been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that’s what accounted for all its hot springs
and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,
which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican
farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of
a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more
than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred
of them extinct. There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building.
These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.
Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of
Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they
might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized
why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had
left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time
in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
1.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?
A.Its complicated geographical features.
B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C.The mysterious history of the park.
D.The exact location of the volcano.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A.The shapes of volcanoes.
B.The impacts of volcanoes.
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C.The activities of volcanoes.
D.The heights of volcanoes.
3.What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A.Hot-air balloon.
B.Digital camera.
C.Big photograph.
D.Bird’s view.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,旨在提升学生对自然的认知。文章提
到,Christiansen研究黄石国家公园的时候在公园内找不到破火山口,后来发现几乎整个公园都是破火山口。
1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:当 Christiansen研究黄石国家公园的时候,什么事情让他感到迷惑?根据文
章第一段第一句...Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone
before:he couldn’t find the park’s volcano.可知应选D项(火山的确切位置)。A:它复杂的地理特征;B:它对旅游
业的永久的影响;C:这个公园神秘的历史。
2.A 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第二段主要讲的是什么?根据第二段第一句中the classic cone shapes 和最
后三句可知,第二段介绍了火山的两种形状,故选A项。B:火山的影响;C:火山的活动;D:火山的高度。
3.C 推测词义题。本题题干意为:最后一段中的画线词blow-up最有可能是什么意思?根据文章最后一段中
美国航空航天局用高空照相机拍摄黄石国家公园及Christiansen看到照片后意识到自己为什么找不到破火
山口可知,画线词意为“大照片”。故C项正确。A:热气球;B:数码相机;D:鸟瞰。
[长难句] There is, however, a second less known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain
building.然而,还有一种比较不出名的火山,这种火山不涉及造山运动。
此句是主从复合句。本句主干是There is a second less known type of volcano,句中含有一个定语从
句that doesn’t involve mountain building。
Passage 2
话题:语言发展 难度:中 词数:294
(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times
there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small,
tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts
believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000
languages between them.
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Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too
became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the
nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications
in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English,
Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The
general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones
have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa
2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The
median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by
fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly
speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan
Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems
to have much chance of survival.
1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were closely connected.
2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Complex. B.Advanced.
C.Powerful. D.Modern.
3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800.
B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400.
D.About 1,200.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
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C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。作者从语言发展历史这一角度论述了人类的发展导致了世界上语言数量的减
少。
1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于采猎者时代的语言,我们可推断出什么?根据第一段第二句(当世界人
口仍然由采猎者构成的时候,小的、联系紧密的群体彼此独立地形成了自己的讲话模式。)可知答案为B项
(它们的数量很大)。A:它们发展得很快;C:它们有相似的模式;D:它们联系很紧密。
2.C 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词“dominant”?根据画线词所在句
子中的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可推知dominant的意思是“占统治
地位的,强大的”,故答案为C项(Powerful)。A:复杂的;B:高级的;D:现代的。
3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:目前,有多少种语言的使用人数少于6,000?根据第三段第一句(目前世界
上大约有6,800种语言。)和第三段最后一句(……这意味着世界的语言中有一半的语言,其使用人数不足
6,000。)可知,答案为B项(6,800×1/2=3,400)。
4.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的主旨是什么?作者在首段首句介绍了本文的主题,即语言几千年来
一直变化不定,但在最近时期,其数量越来越少。然后进一步解释造成这种现象的原因是社会的发展,故答案
为C项。
高级词块 1.globalisation/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n.全球化 2.distribution/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/n.分布
Passage 3
(2016课标全国Ⅱ,B)
Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term
to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:“Make
something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others
checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built
something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf
in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student.
Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant
in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.
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Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different
style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I’m just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”
“Oh,sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying
in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”
“Nobody. I do it.”
“Really—at night, when you’re asleep?”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”
1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to .
A.know more about the students
B.make the lessons more exciting
C.raise the students’ interest in art
D.teach the students about toy design
2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A.He liked to help his teacher.
B.He preferred to study alone.
C.He was active in class.
D.He was imaginative.
3.What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Mistake.
B.Drawback.
C.Difficulty.
D.Burden.
4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A.To help them to see their creativity.
B.To find out about their sleeping habits.
C.To help them to improve their memory.
D.To find out about their ways of thinking.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在西雅图一所学校教学的时候为了更好地了解学生进
行了一次小测试,并且有了新的发现。
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1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out
something about my students可知,作者在学期开始使用Tinkertoys作为测试是为了了解学生的一些情况,由此
判断A项符合题意。
2.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.可知,这个孩子在
他的作品上极有创造力,由此判断他是有想象力的,故选D项。
3.B 猜测词义题。根据文章第四段第二句可知,作者鼓励这种思维就有失去那些有不同风格的思维的学生
的危险,因此可判断这种行为有不利的方面,故选择B项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的Try doing it in the daytime可知,作者要孩子们在白天尝试梦中的
想法,由此判断作者让孩子们说出自己的梦的真正目的是让孩子们看到自己的创造性,故选A项。
Passage 4
(2016课标全国Ⅲ,B)
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York
friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was
approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?”the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the
stranger.“I’m from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also
pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,”Welty said.“I didn’t know what my New York friends
were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was
pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her
hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a
Mississippi state reunion(团聚).
“My friend said:‘Now we believe your stories,’”Welty added.“And I said:‘Now you know. These are the
people that make me write them.’”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this
explanation.
“I don’t make them up,”she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don’t have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons
spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations
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overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a
train, she hears only a fragment(片断)of a particularly interesting story.
1.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A.Two strangers joined her.
B.Her childhood friends came in.
C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D.Some people held a party there.
2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s .
A.readers B.parties
C.friends D.stories
3.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?
A.They live in big cities.
B.They are mostly women.
C.They come from real life.
D.They are pleasure seekers.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,讲述了美国著名女作家Eudora Welty 在纽约旅游时的一次经历。她让朋友相
信了她小说中的人物都来源于真实的生活。她善于和各种人交往,从而使她的小说真实、生动。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段...the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up...
可以得知选A。干扰项为C项,虽然有大雨,但是没有破坏他们的晚餐,所以排除C选项。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据上文中的Now we believe your stories可以推断出选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第八段中的I don’t make them up和最后一段,可以推断出她的小说中的人物来自真
实的生活。
Passage 5
(2016四川,C)
In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著
的)people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people
in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地)of the French Republic since 1946. In
theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often
ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness”in the world.
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The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called
Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of
the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.
“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten
years,”says Gin.“I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to
their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”
“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,”continues Gin.“I
prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”
His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly
pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-
supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not
only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.
1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?
A.They seldom follow the French law.
B.They often ignore the Guianese law.
C.They are separated from the modern world.
D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.
2.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as .
A.a tour guide
B.a geographer
C.a film director
D.a photographer
3.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?
A.Cautious.
B.Doubtful.
C.Uninterested.
D.Appreciative.
4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.The modern French lifestyle.
B.The self-supporting hunting.
C.The uncivilized world.
D.The French Republic.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,题材为社会生活类。在远离法国本土的圭亚那的热带雨林深处还有一些法
属土著居民。一个巴黎人用自己的黑白镜头记录下了这个部落的人们的自由生活。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own
social customs.(让人惊讶的是,这些人很大程度上根据他们自己的法律和社会习俗生活。)”可推知,他们很少
遵守法国法律,故答案为A项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的a photographic record可知Gin是以一个摄影师的身份来向人
们介绍这些土著居民的,故答案为D项。A项:一个导游;B项:一个地理学家;C项:一位电影导演。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的描述“我看到的不是一个目无法律的世界,而是一片自由的乐土。”可
推断出摄影师Gin是非常喜欢这个部落的生活的。所以答案为D项。cautious小心的,谨慎的;doubtful怀疑
的,不确定的;uninterested不感兴趣的;appreciative 欣赏的,感激的。
4.A 猜测词义题。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,该从句的意思是:伴随着这种生活方式不但带来了必
要的国家福利,而且也带来了酗酒、背叛甚至还带来了自杀。由此推断出画线的it指的是现代的法国生活
方式,所以答案为A项。B项:自给自足的狩猎方式;C项:未开化的世界;D项:法兰西共和国。
Passage 6
(2015课标全国Ⅰ,C)
Salvador Dali(1904—1989)was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is
showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together
over 200 paintings,sculptures,drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will
find the best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from
1938,works on paper,objects,and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes
reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning,the world of birth.The
exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限).“From the infinity small to the
infinity large,contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy
Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina
Sofia in Madrid,Spain,and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in
St.Petersburg,Florida.
1.Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?
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A.Optimistic.
B.Productive.
C.Generous.
D.Traditional.
2.What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
A.One of his masterworks.
B.A successful screen adaptation.
C.An artistic creation for the stage.
D.One of the best TV programmes.
3.How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A.By popularity.
B.By importance.
C.By size and shape.
D.By time and subject.
4.What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Artworks. B.Projects.
C.Donations. D.Documents.
答案
[语篇解读] Salvador Dali是最著名的现代艺术家之一,为了对他表示尊敬和钦佩,巴黎Pompidou中心组织
了一次他的作品展。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的with an exhibition bringing together over 200
paintings,sculptures,drawings and more可知展览的作品种类繁多,由此可推断出Dali是个“多产的”艺术家。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the
best pieces,most importantly The Persistence of Memory.可知A项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject...可知D项正确。
4.A 猜测词义题。最后一段指出,展出的优秀作品是与其他博物馆合作准备的,包括来自St.Petersburg的
Salvador Dali博物馆的艺术品,故选A项。
[高级词块] ①bring together把......收集起来 ②infinity small无穷小
Passage 7
(2015北京,C)
Life in the Clear
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Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These
animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can
reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in
biology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they’re eating it,or
unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But
some materials slow and scatter(散射) light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it
dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you
can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light,at least not very much.Light can pass through it
without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air
or water.You don’t see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials
can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal
doesn’t have pigments,so its tissues won’t absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually
easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials—skin,fat,and more—and light moves through each at a
different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals
use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to
scatter light,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的)material
and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in
their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they’re doing it is
still unknown.One thing is clear:for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they
die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.
1.According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals .
A.stay in groups
B.can be easily damaged
C.appear only in deep ocean
D.are beautiful creatures
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2.The underlined word“dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A.silently B.gradually
C.regularly D.completely
3.One way for an animal to become transparent is to .
A.change the direction of light travel
B.gather materials to scatter light
C.avoid the absorption of light
D.grow bigger to stop light
4.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A.move more slowly in deep water
B.stay see-through even after death
C.produce more tissues for their survival
D.take effective action to reduce light spreading
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了如玻璃般透明的动物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知B项正确。
2.D 猜测词义题。由Others absorb light可知是完全阻挡了光线的传播。
3.C 推理判断题。由第五段第一句可知C项正确。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话可知D项正确。
Passage 8
(2015重庆,D)
There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物)in Africa,but riding a horse through the flooded waters
of Botswana’s Okavango Delta must rank as one of the world’s most exciting wildlife journeys.
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure,providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep
into the delta.The camps have excellent horses,professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a
reputation for providing a great riding experience.
The morning ride,when the guides take you to beautiful,shallow lakes full of water lilies,tends to be more
active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the
sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face,it is truly exciting.You are very likely to come
across large wild animals,too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants,giraffes and many other
animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though,as does your heart rate,as you move
closer to them.
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In the evening,rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace,with golden light streaming across the
grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are,rides at this time of day are still
very impressive.As the sun’s rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses,the romance of Africa comes to
life.
Back at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your
day,you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of
the wild.
1.What does the underlined word“They”refer to?
A.Flooded waters.
B.Wildlife journeys.
C.Safari camps.
D.Unique rides.
2.What does the author find most exciting about a horseback safari?
A.Seeing and feeling the real African life.
B.Enjoying good food and wine at the camp.
C.Hunting large animals just as our ancestors did.
D.Being part of the scene and getting close to animals.
3.What does the underlined word“Sedate”probably mean?
A.Wild and romantic.
B.Slow and peaceful.
C.Hungry and thirsty.
D.Active and excited.
4.The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by .
A.following space order
B.following time order
C.making classifications
D.giving examples
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为观光旅游类。走进非洲,那里有很多可以观赏野生动物的地方。
1.C 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure...和The
camps have excellent horses...可以推知,“They”在这里指的是safari camps。故选C项。
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2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的描述可知,融入风景、接近动物是作者认为的观赏中最令人激动的事
情。
3.B 猜测词义题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句In the evening,rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried
pace...和第二句Sedate though they are...可以推知选B项。
4.B 推理判断题。作者按照时间顺序The morning ride;In the evening;Back at the camp来进行说明。故选B
项。
Passage 9
(2015四川,D)
Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by
singing too much.Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day,British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni,of Glasgow University,said that light from street lamps,takeaway signs and homes is
affecting the birds’ biological clocks,leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni,who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns,said lack of sleep could
put the birds’ health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab,it leads to
some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light,the more active they are
at night.
He told people at a conference,“There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song
output at night and during the day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.So by
increasing their song output,there might be some costs of energy.”
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being
more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to
me saying‘You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls?’.During the breeding(繁殖)season,between
April and June,they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t sleep.”
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution,other research concluded that robins living in noisy
cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However,some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments.A study from California Polytechnic University
found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on their
predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.
1.According to Dr Dominoni’s study, what causes robins to sing so much?
A.The breeding season.
B.The light in modern life.
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C.The dangerous environment.
D.The noise from heavy machinery.
2.What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds’ song output?
A.The environment might be polluted.
B.The birds’ health might be damaged.
C.The industry cost might be increased.
D.The people’s hearing might be affected.
3.What does the underlined word“nocturnal”in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.Active at night.
B.Inactive at night.
C.Active during the day.
D.Inactive during the day.
4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?
A.Because there are fewer dangers.
B.Because there is more food to eat.
C.Because there is less light pollution.
D.Because there are more places to take shelter.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。文章主要通过描述知更鸟在人类社会的光污染下昼夜歌唱,
造成体力的严重消耗和睡眠缺乏,这对其寿命构成威胁,也影响到人类的睡眠环境。我们呼吁社会:给鸟类一
个天堂,还人类一份宁静。
1.B 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’
biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep”和第三段最后一句And the
more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.可知答案。
2.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track
sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk.可知答案。
3.A 猜测词义题。由上文可知,知更鸟受到人造灯光的干扰而无法入睡。根据not just和also的提示,再根
据信息句“During the breeding season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and
people can’t sleep.”可知,画线词表示“夜间活动的”。故A项正确。
4.A 推理判断题。 由文章最后一段最后一句“It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators
fleeing to quieter areas.”可知,一些鸟类在嘈杂的环境下兴旺是因为面临的危险少了。故A项正确。
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Passage 10
(2015江苏,D)
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing today a strange new world and we are
all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great
civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,one very
powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece,in Athens(雅典),a little city in a little country,there were no helpless masses.And Athenians
willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed,and the unwritten,which must be obeyed if free
men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would
be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he
could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self-controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was
freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the
welfare of Athens,not because it was forced on him from the outside,but because the city was his pride and his
safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control
themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do
not prize it,and work for it,it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place
without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance,a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It
had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never
entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer
who paid her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state,the state was to give to them.What
the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them;and with this as the primary
object,ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.Athens was
more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to
share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could
be only one result.If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the
common good,they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be
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had on no other terms.Athens,the Athens of Ancient Greece,refused responsibility;she reached the end of freedom
and was never to have it again.
But,“the excellent becomes the permanent,”Aristotle said.Athens lost freedom forever,but freedom was not
lost forever for the world.A great American,James Madison,referred to:“The capacity(能力)of mankind for self-
government.”No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek.Athens was not in the farthest background
of his mind,but once man has a great and good idea,it is never completely lost.The Digital Age cannot destroy
it.Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action.One can
never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
1.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Countries where their people need help.
B.Powerful states with higher civilization.
C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.
D.Governments ruled with absolute power.
2.People believing in freedom are those who .
A.regard their life as their own business
B.seek gains as their primary object
C.behave within the laws and value systems
D.treat others with kindness and pity
3.What change in attitude took place in Athens?
A.The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B.The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C.The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D.The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
4.What does the sentence“There could be only one result.”in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.Athens would continue to be free.
B.Athens would cease to have freedom.
C.Freedom would come from responsibility.
D.Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
5.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?
A.The author is hopeful about freedom.
B.The author is cautious about self-government.
C.The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D.The author is proud of man’s capacity.
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6.What is the author’s understanding of freedom?
A.Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B.Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C.Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D.Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会历史类。在现在的“数字时代”,自由是一个很严肃的话题。纵观
历史,古希腊在2,500年前发现了自由,而且它的自由来源于责任。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据第二段可知,在古希腊发现自由之前,各地都不存在自由。古埃及和古巴比伦也是没
有自由的国家,由“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”可知,一个有强大权力的人统治着无助
的群众,故D项正确。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,古希腊人的自由在于自觉遵守已经通过的书面法律和非书面法律,他们
靠“self-controlled”来获取自由,由此可推出信仰自由的人应该是那些遵守法律和价值体系的人,故选C项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“...responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.”可知
A项正确。
4.B 猜测词义题。根据本段中的“If men insisted on being free from the burden...they would cease to be free.”
可知选B。
5.A 推理判断题。作者以这两个人说的话来告诉读者,雅典永远失去了自由,但是全世界的自由并没有永远
失去,人类一旦有了一个好的主意,数字时代就不会毁掉它,它会永远存在。由最后一句可知,谁也说不准什么
时候采取行动,但是毫无疑问总会在某个时间这样做的。综合来看,作者以此来表明自己对自由充满了希望。
6.D 推理判断题。概括全文可以看出,作者认为真正的自由依赖自我承担责任,依靠自我约束。故D项正确。
Passage 11
(2015湖南,B)
In its early history,Chicago had floods frequently,especially in the spring,making the streets so muddy that
people,horses,and carts got stuck.An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this:A man is stuck
up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.Asked if he needs help,he replies,“No,thanks.I’ve got a good horse under
me.”
The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水)system,but there simply wasn’t enough
difference between the height of the ground level and the water level.The only two options were to lower the
Chicago River or raise the city.
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An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above
ground and then cover them with dirt.This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet.
This of course created a new problem:dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in
Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice:either change the first floors of their buildings into
basements,and the second stories into main floors,or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small
wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.But what about large,heavy structures like the Tremont
Hotel,which was a six-story brick building?
That’s where George Pullman came in.He had developed some house-moving skills successfully.To lift a big
structure like the Tremont Hotel,Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶)beneath the building’s
foundation.One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.At Pullman’s signal each man
turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time,thereby raising the building slowly and
evenly.Astonishingly,the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation,and many of its guests didn’t even
notice anything was happening.
Some people like to say that every problem has a solution.But in Chicago’s early history,every engineering
solution seemed to create a new problem.Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the
Chicago River,the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river.
1.The author mentions the joke to show .
A.horses were fairly useful in Chicago
B.Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy
C.Chicago was very dangerous in the spring
D.the Chicago people were particularly humorous
2.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to .
A.get rid of the street dirt
B.lower the Chicago River
C.fight against heavy floods
D.build the pipes above ground
3.The underlined word“hoist”in Paragraph 4 means“ ”.
A.change
B.lift
C.repair
D.decorate
4.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?
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A.It went on smoothly as intended.
B.It interrupted the business of the hotel.
C.It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.
D.It separated the building from its foundation.
5.The passage is mainly about early Chicago’s .
A.popular life styles and their influences
B.environmental disasters and their causes
C.engineering problems and their solutions
D.successful businessmen and their achievements
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为历史与建筑。在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水,这使得街道非常泥泞。城市
规划者就这一问题采取了诸多措施。
1.B 推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知在历史上芝加哥常常发洪水尤其是在春天,这使得街道非常泥泞以
至于行人及马和马车陷入泥里。这一则笑话是用来说明芝加哥街道的泥泞的,故选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“...Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that...to build the pipes above
ground...”可知,D项正确。
3.B 猜测词义题。由画线词后一句“Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”可知,hoist与
lift为同义词,故B项正确。
4.A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段内容可知A项正确。
5.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,这篇文章讲述的是芝加哥的工程问题及其解决方案。故选C项。
Passage 12
(2015广东,D)
It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.
In recent years,many writers have begun to speak of the‘decline of class’and ‘classless society’in Britain.And
in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.
But pronouncing the death of class is too early.A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90
percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class;73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of
British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences.Thus,class may not be culturally and
politically obvious,yet it remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of stratification.
One unchanging aspect of a British person’s class position is accent.The words a person speaks tell her or his
class.A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed
as the most attractive voice.Most people said this accent sounded‘educated’and‘soft’.The accents placed at the
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bottom in this study,on the other hand,were regional(地区的)city accents.These accents were seen
as‘common’and‘ugly’.However,a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and
placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.This suggests that British
attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
In recent years,however,young upper middle-class people in London,have begun to adopt some regional
accents,in order to hide their class origins.This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed.However,the 1995 pop
song‘Common People’puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may ‘want to live like common
people’they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.
1.A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain .
A.it is time to end class distinction
B.most people belong to middle class
C.it is easy to recognize a person’s class
D.people regard themselves socially different
2.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A.variety
B.division
C.authority
D.qualification
3.The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as .
A.regional
B.educated
C.prejudiced
D.unattractive
4.British attitudes towards accent .
A.have a long tradition
B.are based on regional status
C.are shared by the Americans
D.have changed in recent years
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The middle class is expanding.
B.A person’s accent reflects his class.
C.Class is a key part of British society.
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D.Each class has unique characteristics.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。曾经人们认为英国阶级等级森严,但这一现象到现在是否
已经发生变化了呢?本文就英国现在的阶级观念和现状作了介绍和说明。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句的“A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent
of people still placing themselves in a particular class”可知答案。
2.B 猜测词义题。根据文章第三段最后两句“Thus,class may not be culturally and politically obvious,yet it
remains an important part of British society.Britain seems to have a love of stratification.”可以推测英国人似乎
喜欢阶级的这种“分层”。
[评析 解答猜测词义题的关键在于从上下文的理解中寻找线索,对语境的把握非常重要。本题中variety会
造成干扰,部分学生会认为是社会的“多样性”,但对于“阶级”,更应该是划分成若干个不同的“层次”。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段倒数第二句“However,a similar study of British accents in the US turned
these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.”
可知答案。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep
roots and are based on class prejudice.”可以推断出英国人对口音的态度由来已久。
5.C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是英国阶级制度的现状,阶级等级在英国仍然体现得很明显。故答案为
C项。
Passage 13
(2015福建,B)
Papa,as a son of a dirt-poor farmer,left school early and went to work in a factory,for education was for the
rich then.So,the world became his school.With great interest,he read everything he could lay his hands on,listened
to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.“There’s so much to learn,”he’d
say.“Though we’re born stupid,only the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that none of his children
would be denied(拒绝)an education.
Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though,as children,we thought this was
crazy,it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what
we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant,it was never taken
lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment,always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the day’s new learning.
Papa,at the head of the table,would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine,ready to listen.
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“Felice,”he’d say,“tell me what you learned today.”
“I learned that the population of Nepal is...”
Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said,as if the salvation(拯救)of the world would depend upon it.“The
population of Nepal.Hmm.Well...”he’d say.“Get the map;let’s see where Nepal is.”And the whole family went on
a search for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended only after we had a
clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children,we thought very little about these educational wonders.Our family,however,was growing
together,sharing experiences and participating in one another’s education.And by looking at us,listening to
us,respecting our input,affirming(肯定)our value,giving us a sense of dignity,Papa was unquestionably our most
influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher,I studied with some of the most famous educators.They were
imparting(传授)what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well
all my life.Not a single day has been wasted,though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might
prove useful.
1.What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.The author’s father was born in a worker’s family.
B.Those born stupid could not change their life.
C.The town elders wanted to learn about the world.
D.The poor could hardly afford school education.
2.The underlined word“it”in the second paragraph refers to“ ”.
A.one new thing
B.a request
C.the news
D.some comment
3.It can be learned from the passage that the author .
A.enjoyed talking about news
B.knew very well about Nepal
C.felt regret about those wasted days
D.appreciated his father’s educational technique
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4.What is the greatest value of“dinner time”to the author?
A.Continual learning.
B.Showing talents.
C.Family get-together.
D.Winning Papa’s approval.
5.The author’s father can be best described as .
A.an educator expert at training future teachers
B.a parent insistent on his children’s education
C.a participant willing to share his knowledge
D.a teacher strict about everything his students did
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为学习教育类。文章记叙了在父亲的引领下,我们这些穷孩子不断学习、
日有所获。全家人相互学习,共同进步。
1.D 细节理解题。由首段首句可知,穷人承担不起学校教育的费用。故选D项。
2.C 猜测词义题。由第二段倒数第二句中We would talk about the news of the day可知it指代的是the news,
故选C项。
3.D 细节理解题。由尾段第二句They were imparting what Papa had known all along—the value of continual
learning.可知答案为D项。
4.A 推理判断题。由第二段第三句至倒数第三段的内容以及尾段第二句可推断出答案为A项。
5.B 推理判断题。由本文内容可推断出父亲是一个坚持教育自己孩子的家长,故选B项。
Passage 14
(2014课标全国Ⅰ,B)
Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts
from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger
pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the
most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller,a flock
believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most
abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters
attracted them to small clearings with grain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets over
them,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
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By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been
damaged by Americans’ need for wood,which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther
north,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were
gone,never to be seen again.
In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable
flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a
boy in Pike County,Ohio,in 1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known
affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.
1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .
A.were the biggest bird in the world
B.lived mainly in the south of America
C.did great harm to the natural environment
D.were the largest bird population in the US
2.The underlined word “undoing”probably refers to the pigeons’ .
A.escape
B.ruin
C.liberation
D.evolution
3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A.To seek pleasure.
B.To save other birds.
C.To make money.
D.To protect crops.
4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A.It was ignored by the public.
B.It was declared too late.
C.It was unfair.
D.It was strict.
答案
第 25 页 共 72 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境与自然类。曾几何时在美国蔚蓝的天空飞翔着一种鸟,这种鸟可能
是当时美国数量最多的鸟类——旅鸽。但是后来这种鸟的数量急剧减少,最终于1914年9月1日灭绝了。
到底发生了什么事呢?这些鸟去哪儿了呢?
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话可知当时这种鸟的数量占美国全部鸟类数量的24%到40%,可能是
世界上最多的鸟,由此推断它是当时美国数量最多的鸟类,所以答案为D项。没有提及它们是世界上最大的
鸟类,排除A项;也没有提及它们主要生活在美国的南部,排除B项;更没有提及它们给环境带来了巨大的危
害,排除C项。
2.B 猜测词义题。根据后面的描述可知人们大量捕捉这种鸟,把它们卖到饭店。由此推断出这种鸟的数量
众多给它们带来了灾难。所以答案为B项。escape逃跑,避开;ruin衰落的原因,祸根;liberation解放;evolution
进化,发展。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句话The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.可知
人们主要是为了钱才大量捕杀这种鸟的,所以答案为C项。其他三项文中均未提及。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可知尽管密歇根州于1897年通过了禁止捕杀旅鸽的法律,但是在此
之前的10年里人们已经没有见过有一定规模的鸟群飞过密歇根州了。由此推断出该法律颁布得太晚了,所
以答案为B项。其他三项文中均未提及。
Passage 15
(2014北京,D)
Store Scent(香味)
What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop?The products displayed(展示)at the entrance?Or
the soft background music?
But have you ever noticed the smell?Unless it is bad,the answer is likely to be no.But while a shop’s scent
may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds,it is certainly there.And it is proving to be an
increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to
the entrance,via scent machines.A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.One sports
goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores,customers’ intention to purchase
increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris,scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the
quality of its window displays and goods on sale.That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to
what it used to be.
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Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ disproving
attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays.Now the rise of electronic commerce(e-commerce)has
opened up famous brands to a wider audience.But while e-shops can use sights and sounds,only bricks-and-mortar
stores(实体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they
leave.Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop,but rather a destination.And scent is just one way to
achieve this.
Now,a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats
through the kid department,and coconut(椰子)scent in the swimsuit section.A department store has even opened a
new lab,inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books,pots and drawers,in search of
their perfect scent.
1.According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores?
A.Friendly assistants.
B.Unique scents.
C.Soft background music.
D.Attractive window display.
2.E-shops are mentioned in the passage to .
A.show the advantages of bricks-and-mortar stores
B.urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C.push stores to use sights and sounds
D.introduce the rise of e-commerce
3.The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means .
A.a platform that exhibits goods
B.a spot where travelers like to stay
C.a place where customers love to go
D.a target that a store expects to meet
4.The main purpose of the passage is to .
A.compare and evaluate
B.examine and assess
C.argue and discuss
D.inform and explain
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会文化。文章告诉我们商店都是有它们独特的气味的,这种气味可以
让顾客更加喜欢在商店购物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句和第四句“But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding
compared with sights and sounds,it is certainly there. And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in
encouraging people to purchase.”可知本题选择B项。
2.A 推理判断题。文章第五段第三句“But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar
stores(实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they
leave.”指出实体店相对于网店更能给顾客提供全方位的体验,目的是体现实体店的优势,故选择A项。
3.C 猜测词义题。整篇文章都在说商店中的味道可以让顾客喜欢这个商店并促进购物,destination所在句
的前半句中也提到品牌店希望自己不只是个商店,因此可以推断destination是顾客愿意去的地方,故选择C
项。
4.D 主旨大意题。本文为说明文,作者告诉我们商店里的味道在人们购物时也很重要,并对此进行了解释,
因此选择D项inform and explain告知并解释。A:对比并评价;B:测试并评估;C:争论并讨论。
Passage 16
(2014福建,A)
It was Mother’s Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-
old son,Tenyson.As we were leaving,we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the
entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her,but there was blood everywhere and the
woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.
Walking towards the scene,Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to
me,“Mum,it’s not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”
At the front of the supermarket,a charity(慈善)group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers
to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better,”he said.I was
amazed that he’d come up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy
a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it,”she replied.“I can’t take your money for such a wonderful
gesture.”
By now paramedics(急救人员)had arrived,and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to
her,my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to
her.
Instead I gave the flower to the woman’s husband and told him,“My son was very upset for your wife and
wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”
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At that,the old man started crying and said,“Thank you so much,you have a wonderful son.Happy Mother’s
Day to you.”
The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower,telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and
shaken,the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
1.What does the author intend to tell us?
A.One can never be too careful.
B.Actions speak louder than words.
C.Love begins with a little smile.
D.A small act of kindness brings a great joy.
2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.
B.Tenyson’s idea of buying a flower gained his mother’s support.
C.Tenyson’s care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.
D.The elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenyson’s gesture.
3.The underlined word“intimidated”in the fourth paragraph probably means“ ”.
A.astonished
B.struck
C.frightened
D.excited
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Flower Power
B.Mother’s Day
C.An Accidental Injury
D.An Embarrassing Moment
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了在一个母亲节的早上,作者和五岁的儿子
Tenyson到超市购物时,看见一位老太太跌倒并受伤流血,儿子主动提出买花送给老太太,让她感觉更好的故
事。
1.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的the old man started crying...及最后一段中的the old lady looked up at
Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile可以推断送花事虽小,但给受伤的老太太及其丈夫带
来了无限的感动。所以正确答案为D项。
第 29 页 共 72 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
2.B 细节理解题。Tenyson向妈妈提出要送老太太一朵花,妈妈带他去买并送给了老太太,可以知道
Tenyson的想法得到了妈妈的支持,故答案为B项。
3.C 猜测词义题。根据第四段最后一句...he was just too scared to go up...可以推断儿子“害怕”鲜血和医
疗设备。astonished吃惊的;struck被打击的;frightened害怕的;excited激动的。故答案为C项。
4.A 主旨大意题。最后两段升华文章的主题:Tenyson送花一事感动了老太太和她的丈夫,所以“鲜花的力
量”更能体现文章主题,故答案为A项。
Passage 17
(2013辽宁,D)
“Indeed,”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785,“some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to eat the
leaves before I left home.”But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote
that,Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century,and Americans had already created
lightning-bug(萤火虫).But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language,leaving it to the
Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person,referring to someone who was crazy about a particular
activity.Although fan became the usual term,sports fans used to be called racing bugs,baseball bugs,and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object,for example,a bug-shaped car.The bug could also be a burglar
alarm,from which comes the expression to bug,that is,“to install(安装)an alarm”.Now it means a small piece of
equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant “to
cheat”,and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time
of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as“little problems and difficulties”that required months of study and
labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two
previous nights discovering‘a bug’in his invented record player.”
1.We learn from Paragraph 1 that .
A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug
B.George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C.the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century
D.both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
2.What does the word“flaw”in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Explanation. B.Finding.
C.Origin. D.Fault.
第 30 页 共 72 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
3.The passage is mainly concerned with .
A.the misunderstanding of the word bug
B.the development of the word bug
C.the public views of the word bug
D.the special characteristics of the word bug
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会文化,主要介绍了bug这一单词词义的发展过程。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,在18世纪美国人和英国人都使用bug这一单词,故选D项。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据下文“In 1878 he explained bugs...to overcome in developing a successful product”可
推断flaw的意思可能是“缺陷,毛病,问题”,故选D。explanation解释;finding调查发现;origin起源,由来。
3.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知答案为B。
Passage 18
(2013山东,D)
Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants.Some years ago,the group to which Sparrow belonged was
taken over by another company.Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining,the chain was generally in an
unhealthy state.With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market,the Sparrow menu had to struggle for
attention.And to make matters worse,its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years,until a new CEO,Carl Pearson,decided to build up its market
share.He did a survey,which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely
positive about the chain,while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from
them.Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand.The chain’s owner now favored rebranding
Sparrow as Marcy’s restaurants.Pearson resisted,arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince
customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun.Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a
company and the general public was unusual for that time.Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to
success,rather than customers’ spending power.Finally,the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry.The TV ads of Sparrow
focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.Instead of showing the
superiority of a specific product,the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image.For
example,he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover(营业额).
第 31 页 共 72 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
These efforts paid off,and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions
where it operated.
1.Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?
A.The number of its customers was declining.
B.Its customers found the food unhealthy.
C.It was in need of financial support.
D.Most of its restaurants were closed.
2.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Customers of Sparrow restaurants.
B.Sparrow restaurants.
C.Customers of other fast-food chains.
D.Other fast-food chains.
3.For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?
A.To build a good relationship with the public.
B.To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.
C.To learn about customers’ spending power.
D.To meet the challenge from Marcy’s restaurants.
4.The TV ads of Sparrow .
A.changed people’s views on pop stars
B.amused the public with original songs
C.focused on the superiority of its products
D.influenced the eating habits of the audience
5.What was Pearson’s achievement as a CEO?
A.He managed to pay off Sparrow’s debts.
B.He made Sparrow much more competitive.
C.He helped Sparrow take over a company.
D.He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是计划与愿望实现类。快餐连锁店Sparrow遇到了前所未有的困难,在此危
难关头新的CEO Pearson 用自己独特的经营理念拯救了它,使它一跃成为最成功的快餐连锁店之一。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话:而更糟糕的是它的新老板没有计划投入饭店所需要的资金,故选
C项。第一段描述的就是在Pearson成为新的CEO前的情况,根据no sign of declining排除A项;B、D两项
该段没有提及。
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2.D 猜测词义题。该句表达:那些在Sparrow消费过的顾客对其充满积极支持的态度,而那些其他快餐店的
顾客也不愿意离开它们。也就是other fast-food chains,故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的第三、四句话可知这次广告活动的目的就是为了和大众建立良好的关系,
故选A项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的and featured original songs performed by可知这次广告是靠原唱歌曲来
取悦大众的,故选B项。
5.B 推理判断题。最后一段总结:这些努力得到了回报,Sparrow连锁店很快成了它的运作地区最成功的快
餐连锁店之一。由此我们推断出新的CEO使得Sparrow具有了非常强的竞争力,故选B项。
[长难句] He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were
extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away
from them.他做了一项调查,调查表明那些已经在Sparrow饭店消费过的顾客对该连锁店持有非常积极乐观
的态度,而那些其他连锁店的顾客不愿意离开它们。
which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词survey。while在此处是连词,意为:而,却,表示前后的对比。
Passage 19
(2013四川,E)
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head,according to a study that has found a link between the
cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their
hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies,compared with the point when the heartbeat is
relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful
event,depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said:“Our study shows for the first time that the
way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful
faces.Dr Garfinkel said,“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than
when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see—and guide whether we see
fear.”
To further understand this relationship,the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain
influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain‘speak’to each other to change our
feelings and reduce fear,”Dr Garfinkel said.
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“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be
reduced,we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,and also for those who may
be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
1.What is the finding of the study?
A.One’s heart affects how he feels fear.
B.Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.
C.Fear has something to do with one’s health.
D.One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
2.The study was carried out by analyzing .
A.volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C.volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism”in Paragraph 6?
A.Order. B.System.
C.Machine. D.Treatment.
4.This study may contribute to .
A.treating anxiety and stress better
B.explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C.finding the key to the heart-brain communication
D.understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识。文章介绍了恐惧与心脏之间的关系,尤其是心脏在收缩时人
们对恐惧的反应。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知A项正确,心脏影响人们对恐惧的反应。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四、五段可知C项正确。
3.B 猜测词义题。句意:我们已经发现了一个重要的 ,通过它心脏和大脑可以对话从而改变我们的感
觉并减少恐惧。可以猜测出此词应为“系统”,故选B。
4.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知A项正确。
Passage 20
(2013重庆,D)
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Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean,an S-shaped body of water covering 33
million square miles.The Atlantic has,in a sense,replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western
civilization.Unlike real inland seas,which seem strangely still,the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.It is perhaps
not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.
“Storm at Sea”,a short poem written around 700,is generally regarded as one of mankind’s earliest artistic
representations of the Atlantic.
When the wind is from the west
All the waves that cannot rest
To the east must thunder on
Where the bright tree of the sun
Is rooted in the ocean’s breast.
As the poem suggests,the Atlantic is never dead and dull.It is an ocean that moves,impressively and
endlessly.It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering,boiling,crashing,and whistling.
It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath—perhaps not so noticeably out in mid-ocean,but where
it meets land,its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of
a living creature.It is filled with symbiotic existences,too;unimaginable quantities of creatures,little and large
alike,mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony,giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat,a kind of sub-
ocean vitality.And it has a psychology.It has personalities:sometimes peaceful and pleasant,on rare occasions
rough and wild;always it is strong and striking.
1.Unlike real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is .
A.always energetic
B.lacking in liveliness
C.shaped like a square
D.favored by ancient poets
2.What is the purpose of using the poem“Storm at Sea”in the passage?
A.To describe the movement of the waves.
B.To show the strength of the storm.
C.To represent the power of the ocean.
D.To prove the vastness of the sea.
3.What does the underlined word“symbiotic”mean?
A.Living together.
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B.Growing fast.
C.Moving harmoniously.
D.Breathing peacefully.
4.In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to .
A.a beautiful and poetic place
B.a flesh and blood person
C.a wonderful world
D.a lovely animal
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为地理环境介绍,说明了大西洋富有力量、和谐和多变的自然特点。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness可知大西洋充满了活力,故选A项。
2.C 推理判断题。第一段说明了大西洋富有活力的特点后,作者通过一首古诗印证,接着用一句话对诗歌进
行了总结:As the poem suggests,the Atlantic is never dead and dull.由此可判断作者引用诗歌的目的是展现大
西洋的力量,故选C项。
3.A 猜测词义题。根据下文的描述可知在大西洋生活的大量生物和谐共处,由此可推断symbiotic的意思为
“共生的”,故选A项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的关键词psychology,personalities可知作者把大西洋比喻成了一个有血
有肉有情感的人,故选B项。
题组二 短语和句子类
Passage 1
(2020江苏,C) 词数 401
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating
first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been
known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise
healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested
the men’s fitness and resting metabolic(新陈代谢的)rates and took samples(样品)of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed
that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped
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breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast(禁食). On the
other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat
tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed
lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.
As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other
hand, they burned slightly more calories(卡路里),on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of
these genes produce proteins(蛋白质)that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin(胰岛素)levels
throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active
when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to
skip eating first.
1.The underlined expression“stomach it”in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.
A.digest the meal easily
B.manage without breakfast
C.decide wisely what to eat
D.eat whatever is offered
2.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C.They could walk at an average speed.
D.They had slow metabolic rates.
3.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A.They successfully lost weight.
B.They consumed a bit more calories.
C.They burned more fat on average.
D.They displayed higher insulin levels.
4.What could be learned from the research?
A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
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B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为体育健康。文章讲述了进食时间、
锻炼和健康这三者之间的关系。本文旨在培养学生探究某一未知领域的科学精神。
1.B 推测词义题。本题题干意为:第一段中画线短语“stomach it”的意思最可能是 。由第一段第一
句“对于那些能忍受不吃早饭的人而言,早饭前锻炼可能要比吃了早饭锻炼对健康更有好处”可知,B项
“没吃早饭”正确。A:更容易消化食物;C:明智地决定吃什么; D:有什么吃什么。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么这十个人被选去做实验?根据第三段的whose lifestyles
are,...representative of those of most of us可知,无论好坏,这十个人的生活方式代表着我们大多数人的生活方
式。故A项“他们的生活方式在普通人中很典型”正确。 B:他们缺乏锻炼导致超重; C:他们能以平均速度
走路;D:他们新陈代谢速率低。
3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:锻炼前吃了早饭的那些人会发生什么?根据第六段中的On the other hand,
they burned slightly more calories...可知,吃了早饭锻炼的人燃烧了稍微多一点的卡路里。故答案为B项“他
们消耗了更多一点的卡路里”。 A:他们成功地减重了; C:他们平均燃烧了更多的脂肪; D:他们显露出更高
的胰岛素水平。
4.D 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:从这项研究中可以获知什么?从文中最后一段中的to gain the greatest
health benefits...it may be wise to skip eating first可知,为了从锻炼中获得最大的健康好处,不进食锻炼是明智
的。故选D项“早饭前(进行)体育锻炼对身体健康会更好”。A:早饭后锻炼提升基因表现; B:过多的锻炼
会减缓新陈代谢速率;C:生活方式不如晨练重要。
[长难句] The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it
may be wise to skip eating first.这些结果表明,为了从锻炼中获得最大的健康好处,先不吃饭是明智的。
本句是一个主从复合句,that引导表语从句。从句中的主语是形式主语it,真正的主语是动词不定式to
skip eating first,to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise是动词不定式作目的状语。
Passage 2
(2019天津,D)话题:终身学习 难度:中 词数:435
Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
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The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner
was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question:why
do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about
those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on
growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and
then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the
opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we
can’t change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never
going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to
have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something
larger than our own little egos(自我),whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于)“commitment”with such “caring”occupations as teaching and nursing. But
doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such
excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of
people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.
1.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .
A.loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity
B.age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal
C.misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D.disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success
2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.End one’s struggle for liberty.
B.Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D.Lose the interest to continue learning.
3.What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A.Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B.Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
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C.Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
4.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B.A wise man can live without self-pity.
C.A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B.To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C.To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为终身学习。文章通过塞万提斯创作《堂
吉诃德》的例子,阐述了“活到老、学到老”的重要性,唯有学习才能觅得良机,唯有学习才能找到生活的意
义。本文侧重于培养学生的学习能力。
1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:文章以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了说明 。根据第一段可知,塞万提
斯历经磨难,在53岁时才开始写《堂吉诃德》,根据第二段最后一句可知,塞万提斯的故事引出了一个有趣
的问题:为什么有些人在生命晚年发现新的生命力和创造性,而其他人则在很久之前就失去活力了?由此可见
B项符合题意,意为“年龄并不是实现个人目标的障碍”。
2.D 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线部分的意思可能是什么?根据第三段最后一句“I’m talking
about people who have stopped learning on growing...”可知,作者谈到的是停止学习的人,故D项“失去继续
学习的兴趣”符合题意。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第四段中我们可以推断出什么?由本段内容可知,我们在某个领域取得
成功后就会被困在里面,从而失去了好奇心。由最后一句“But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are
everywhere.”可知,但是如果我们愿意学习,机会便无处不在,故C项(机会青睐那些有好奇心的人)为正确答案。
4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:在第五段中作者想告诉我们什么?第五段首句指出“我们在成熟期所学
习的东西很少涉及信息和技能”,结合下文中的三句话“We learn to...We learn to...We learn that...”可知,本段
主要说明了我们应该学习的东西,故D项符合本段内容,意为“一个人应该学习应对生活的适当方式”。A:
坚强的人可以忍受苦难;B:明智的人生活中没有自怜;C:一个人应该尽力让周围的人满意。
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5.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写本文的目的是什么?由全文可知,作者通过塞万提斯创作《堂吉诃
德》的例子阐述了学习的重要性,学习让机会无处不在,学习让生活有意义,由此可知A项(就如何过上有意
义的成年生活提供指导)符合作者的写作目的。
高级词块 1.vitality/vаɪˈtæləti/ n.活力;生命力 2.specialization/ˌspeʃəlаɪˈzeɪʃn/ n.专业 3.moral/ˈmɒrəl/ adj.
道德的
长难句 I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the
fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.我所谈的是那些成长过程中已经停
止学习的人,因为他们已经持有往往是随着时间的流逝而采取的顽固的态度和观点。
本句中who引导定语从句,because引导原因状语从句,从句中that引导定语从句,先行词为the fixed
attitudes and opinions。
Passage 3
(2018江苏,B) 词数 322
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called
consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out,
which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that
influence what we eat:diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates
matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers
recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d
had:those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller,
and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food
places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and
order that extra round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners
spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect:diners who got the scent of
lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad”tables, crowding, high prices—don’t
necessarily. Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door, say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It
can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’tables,”given that they’re
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profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great
food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
1.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .
A.not aware of eating more than usual
B.not willing to share food with others
C.not conscious of the food quality
D.not fond of the food provided
2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A.Playing classical music.
B.Introducing lemon scent.
C.Making the light brighter.
D.Using plates of larger size.
3.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A.Tips to attract more customers.
B.Problems restaurants are faced with.
C.Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation.
D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。现在大量的研究发现颜色的搭配、光线、音乐、气味都会影响顾客在餐
馆的消费。
1.A 推测词义题。画线短语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少东西。被给了超大
份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”, 画线短语后提到“他们并没有感觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提
示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平常吃得更多”,故选A项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,和快餐店不同,好的饭店更愿意顾客能待久一些并进行消费;鼓励
顾客留下来多点餐的方法之一是播放莫扎特的音乐。故选A项。
3.D 主旨要义题。分析最后一段可知,本段第一句是本段主题句。你可能以为会导致顾客减少消费的一些
因素——不好的餐桌位置、拥挤的环境和价格高——都未必是对的。接着对此进行解释,故选D项。
[长难句] As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation,
suggesting great food at fair prices.至于说顾客多,香港的一项研究发现顾客多能够提升一家餐馆的声誉,说
明这家餐馆的饭菜价格合理,食物品质好。
本句的主干为a Hong Kong study found that...。句中that引导宾语从句,现在分词短语suggesting...作
伴随状语。
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Passage 4
(2017天津,C)话题:自主驾驶 难度:中 词数:330
This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous
vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in
crashes where lives might be lost.
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the“death valley”of autonomous vehicles:the grey area
between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things:that a car always chooses property(财产)damage over personal injury;that it
never distinguishes between humans based on age or race;and that if a human removes his or her hands from the
driving wheel—to check email, say—the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.
“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,”says Dobrindt. It will put fully
driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and
lawyers.“The liability(法律责任)issue is the biggest one of them all,”says Natasha Merat at the University of
Leeds, UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human“be
watchful and monitoring the road”at every moment.
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say‘driverless
cars’, people expect driverless cars,”Merat says.“You know—no driver.”
Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated
without human operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at
Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided
driverless vehicles are being launched.
That would go down poorly in the US, however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless
cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,”says Calo.
1.What does the phrase“death valley”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.A place where cars often break down.
B.A case where passing a law is impossible.
C.An area where no driving is permitted.
D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.
2.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to .
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A.stop people from breaking traffic rules
B.help promote fully automatic driving
C.protect drivers of all ages and races
D.prevent serious property damage
3.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?
A.It should get the attention of insurance companies.
B.It should be the main concern of law makers.
C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.
D.It should involve no human responsibility.
4.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in .
A.Singapore
B.the UK
C.the US
D.Germany
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Autonomous Driving:Whose Liability?
B.Fully Automatic Cars:A New Breakthrough
C.Autonomous Vehicles:Driver Removed!
D.Driverless Cars:Root of Road Accidents
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为社科类。本文介绍了德国交通部部长Alexander Dobrindt提出的一
系列有关自主驾驶车辆的法规。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据第一段第二句和第二段的内容可知,“They would define the driver’s role”的目的是处
理“death valley”,故可推知“death valley”是一种司机的角色不明确的状况,故选D。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,由Dobrindt提出的这项建议旨在帮助促进全自动驾驶。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第七段中的“You know—no driver.”和第八段中的“until vehicles can be fully
automated without human operation”可知,消费者担心的是人的责任问题,故选D。
4.C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“That would go down poorly in the US”可知选C。
5.A 主旨大意题。本文主要探讨无人驾驶技术在推广过程中遇到的困难,即难以界定法律责任的主体,故选
A。
高级词块 1.autonomous/ɔːˈtɒnəməs/adj. 自主的 2.distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/v. 区别; 辨认出 3.insurance/ɪn
ˈʃʊərəns/n. 保险, 保险业 4.launch/lɔːntʃ/v.上市;发动
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Passage 5
(2017江苏,B)
Red-backed fairy wrens(鹪鹩),which live in northern and eastern Australia, lay three or four eggs at a time.
Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their
mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But When it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule
the roost. As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to
sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of
entering the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in
South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over
and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to
their mothers—a sound that served as their regular“feed me!”call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy
wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in
Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of
notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently
mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a
separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded
with the most food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of
children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or
do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for
quality.”
1.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”.
A.be the worst
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B.be the best
C.be just as bad
D.be just as good
2.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?
A.Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.
B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.
C.The data collected from Queensland’s locals.
D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
3.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .
A.can receive quality signals
B.are in need of training
C.fit the environment better
D.make the loudest call
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科普类说明文。我们都知道母亲在怀孕期间对小宝宝进行胎教,但是你知道鸟类也
会给自己还未孵化出的小宝宝进行胎教吗?请看澳大利亚生物学家的研究成果吧。
1.B 猜测词义题。根据画线部分后面的描述:一些鸟类在小鸟孵化出来前就开始教它们唱歌了,小鸟孵化出
来后几天就能模仿自己母亲的叫声。由此推断出小鸟在这方面做得最棒,所以答案为B项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后一句话可知,他们把雏鸟的叫声和母亲的叫声进行对比,根据相似度
进行排名,由此可知他们的发现是以母亲和雏鸟叫声的相似度为依据的,所以答案为A项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知答案为C项。
[高考热词 distinguish vt.区分;辨别;分清 imitate vt.模仿 widespread adj. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
identify vt.确认;认出;鉴定
[长难句
原句:In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most
closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.
分析:本句为主从复合句。主句部分是the team set up a separate experiment,第一个that引导定语从句,
修饰先行词experiment;第二个that引导宾语从句;第三个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the baby birds。
译文:此外,这个团队还设置了一个独立的实验。实验表明那些模仿母亲叫声最像的雏鸟会被奖赏最多
的食物。
Passage 6
(2017江苏,D)
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Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after
CO emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the
2
challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate
adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore
not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at
least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there
are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have
become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw
only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and
health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating
connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:
his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous
region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming
represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it
can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed.
He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice
supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he
has stored about 200,000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not
last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps,
be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of
greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the
region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This
example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming
process.
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In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have
begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving
ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to
save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in
western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade
declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting
like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But
some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control
carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the
most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if
we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .
A.adaptation is an ever-changing process
B.the cost of adaptation varies with time
C.global warming affects adaptation forms
D.adaptation to climate change is challenging
2.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?
A.The project receives government support.
B.Different organizations work with each other.
C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.
3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?
A.Storing ice for future use.
B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C.Changing the irrigation time.
D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
4.What do we learn from the Peru example?
A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C.This country is heating up too quickly.
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D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
5.According to the author, polluting industries should .
A.adapt to carbon pollution
B.plant highly profitable crops
C.leave carbon emission alone
D.fight against carbon pollution
6.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?
A.Setting up a new standard.
B.Reducing carbon emission.
C.Adapting to climate change.
D.Monitoring polluting industries.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为环境问题类。话题为“老问题,新方法”——适应我们所面临的严峻的
气候环境,而且要意识到环境的改变和适应环境是一个过程。
1.A 猜测词义题。根据第二段主题句 When it comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate
change is a process. 可知气候的改变是一个不断变化的过程。再结合后面几段给出的事例可知,适应也是一
个不断变化的过程,由此可推断出画线部分意为adaptation is an ever-changing process,故答案为A项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.及
后面的描述可知他的非营利组织在充分利用糟糕的环境,故正确答案为C项。本题干扰项为D项,由第三段
第五句Rezwan is creating floating connectivity to replace flooded roads and highways.可知D项错误。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第六句He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was
stored until the spring.可知A项正确。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第六段首句In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already
fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added
reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.可推断出答案为D。
5.D 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to
control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as
usual.可推知D项为正确答案。
6.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy
systems to emit less carbon pollution.可知最明智的适应应该是改变我们的能量体系以减少碳排放污染,故B
项正确。
[高级词块] ①adaptation n.适应 ②adapt to适应 ③fundamental adj.基本的,根本的
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[长难句] When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and
have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.当污染企业
辩解说我们已经在控制碳污染的战斗中失败并且别无选择只好适应它时,这是惯用的为了商业利益而设计
好的胡说八道的伎俩。
本句为复合句。when引导的时间状语从句中,that引导的宾语从句作动词argue的宾语;it’s a
nonsense...为主句,其中designed为过去分词作后置定语修饰名词nonsense。
Passage 7
(2015课标全国Ⅱ,A)
My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I
had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool
me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at
seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it
on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately,I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I
would never have gotten to bed.
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电)noise.For some reason,when
certain shows switched into a commercial,a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually,this noise began
to appear during a show,and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes
this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to
build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static noise,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go
away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop
cost me $62,and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.
1.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
A.He got an older model than he had expected.
B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.
C.He could have bought it at a lower price.
D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.
2.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph 1?
A.ended all their programs
B.provided fewer channels
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C.changed to commercials
D.showed all-night movies
3.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?
A.By shaking and hitting it.
B.By turning it on and off.
C.By switching channels.
D.By having it repaired.
4.How does the author sound when telling the story?
A.Curious. B.Anxious.
C.Cautious. D.Humorous.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文作者以幽默的口吻介绍了自己购买彩电后遇到的种种麻烦。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I realized this a day later...at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.”可知,
作者之所以认为被愚弄买了电视机,是因为一天后他在看报纸的广告时得知自己多花了75美元。故选C。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据第一段最后一句“Fortunately,I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I
would never have gotten to bed.”可知,画线短语的意思为“结束所有的电视节目”。故选A。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话可知,最后作者不得不到维修店去修理电视机,让其重新工作。故选
D。
[评析 本题虽然属于细节理解题,但如果考生不注意审题,未抓住“finally”和“get his TV set working
again”这两处关键内容,则容易误选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章中多处细节及最后一句中“but I keep expecting more trouble”可判断作者以幽
默的口吻叙述了自己购买彩电后遇到的种种麻烦。故选D。
Passage 8
(2015浙江,D)
In 2004,when my daughter Becky was ten,she and my husband,Joe,were united in their desire for a dog.As
for me,I shared none of their canine lust.
But why,they pleaded.“Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.”But we’ll do it.“Really?You’re going
to walk the dog?Feed the dog?Bathe the dog?”Yes,yes,and yes.“I don’t believe you.”We will.We promise.
They didn’t.From day two(everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day),neither thought to walk the
dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots,to schedule her vet
appointments,to feed and clean her,Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new humans in her
life(small,medium,and large),she calculated,“The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”
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Quickly,she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心灵融合).She’d look at me with
those sad brown eyes of hers,beam her need, and then wait,trusting I would understand—which,strangely,I almost
always did.In no time,she became my fifth appendage(附肢),snoring on my home-office couch as I
worked,cradling against my feet as I read,and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.
Even so,part of me continued to resent walking duty.Joe and Becky had promised.Not fair,I’d balk(不心甘情
愿地做)silently as she and I walked.“Not fair,”I’d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home.
Then one day—January 1,2007,to be exact—my husband’s doctor uttered an unthinkable word:leukemia(白
血病).With that, I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital,doing anything and everything I could to
ease his discomfort.During those six months of hospitalizations,Becky,12 at the time,adjusted to other adults being
in the house when she returned from school.My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment’s notice
for medical emergencies.Every part of my life changed;no part of my old routine remained.
Save one:Misty still needed walking.At the beginning,when friends offered to take her through her paces,I
declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.
As the months went by,I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty.The walk in the morning before
I headed to the hospital was a quiet,peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day’s medical
drama unfolded.The evening walk was a time to shake off the day’s upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go
to white noise.
When serious illness visits your household,it’s not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the
future that are no longer familiar.Pretty much everyone you know acts differently.
Not Misty.Take her for a walk,and she had no interest in Joe’s blood counts or bone marrow test results.On
the street or in the park,she had only one thing on her mind:squirrels!She was so joyous that even on the worst
days,she could make me smile.On a daily basis,she reminded me that life goes on.
After Joe died in 2009,Misty slept on his pillow.
I’m grateful—to a point.The truth is,after years of balking,I’ve come to enjoy my walks with Misty.As I
watch her chase after a squirrel,throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once
ended in victory,she reminds me,too,that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future,there’s almost
always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.
1.Why didn’t the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?
A.She was afraid the dog would get the family into trouble.
B.It would be her business to take care of the dog.
C.Her husband and daughter were united as one.
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D.She didn’t want to spoil her daughter.
2.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to“The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)?
A.“The middle-aged person loves me most.”
B.“The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”
C.“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”
D.“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”
3.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that .
A.Misty was quite clever
B.Misty could solve math problems
C.the writer was a slow learner
D.no one walked Misty the first day
4.The story came to its turning point when .
A.Joe died in 2009
B.Joe fell ill in 2007
C.the writer began to walk the dog
D.the dog tried to please the writer
5.Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?
A.Misty couldn’t live without her.
B.Her friends didn’t offer any help.
C.The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.
D.She didn’t want Misty to be others’ companion.
6.What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?
A.One should learn to enjoy hard times.
B.A disaster can change everything in life.
C.Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.
D.People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为个人情感类。文章叙述了作者的丈夫和女儿有一个共同的愿望——养一
只宠物狗。不过作者的丈夫和女儿在第一天照顾宠物狗之后,照顾它的担子就落到了作者身上。后来作者
的丈夫患白血病,在人生最困难的日子,Misty的陪伴给了作者心灵的安慰。
1.B 推理判断题。在文章第二段中作者的丈夫和女儿乞求作者让他们养一只宠物狗。作者讲到因为自己
没有时间照顾宠物狗。由此可推断作者不同意养狗的原因为B项。
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2.D 猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句与后文的描述可知此题答案为D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句与第四句可知A项为正确答案。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第六段第一句和最后一句可知答案为B。
5.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第五段可知选C。
6.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知C项为正确答案。
Passage 9
(2015陕西,D)
Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.Other
forms of parental involvement,including volunteering at school and observing a child’s class,also fail to
help,according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女)where schools expect them to act as
partners in their children’s education.Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on
time,fed,dressed and ready to learn.
Keith Robinson,the author of the study,said,“I really don’t know if the public is ready for this but there are
some ways parents can be involved in their kids’ education that leads to declines in their academic
performance.One of the things that was consistently negative was parents’ help with homework.”Robinson
suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks.“They may either not remember
the material their kids are studying now,or in some cases never learnt it themselves,but they’re still offering
advice.”
Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent
could do was to punish their children for poor marks.In general,about 20% of parental involvement was
positive,about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.
Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because“children with good academic
success do have involved parents”,admitted Robinson.But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement
was the root cause of that success.“A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well
in school hardly involved.They took a more reasonable approach,conveying to their children how success at school
could improve their lives.”
1.The underlined expression“parental involvement”in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A.parents’ expectation on children’s health
B.parents’ participation in children’s education
C.parents’ control over children’s life
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D.parents’ plan for children’ future
2.What is the major finding of Robinson’s study?
A.Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.
B.Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.
C.Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.
D.Parents are not able to help with children’s homework.
3.The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .
A.help children realize the importance of schooling
B.set a specific life goal for their children
C.spend more time improving their own lives
D.take a more active part in school management
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为学校教育类。主要对父母参与孩子的学习活动所产生的影响进行了论述。
1.B 猜测词义题。根据第一段中的关键信息“父母帮助孩子做作业”和“Other forms”可推测画线短语应
是“父母参与孩子的学习活动”这一含义。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。通读全文可知,Robinson的研究发现:父母参与孩子的学习活动并没有像原先认为的那样
起作用。故选C。
3.A 推理判断题。最后一段第二句话Robinson提出自己的观点:父母参与孩子的学习活动不是他们获得成
功的根本原因。然后列举了亚裔美国人几乎不直接参与孩子学习活动的例子来证明自己的观点。亚裔美国
人主要是让孩子意识到学业的成功对他们改善未来生活的重要性。故选A。
Passage 10
(2015安徽,D)
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.Each individual(个体的)ant hardly weighs
anything,but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere,except
on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size,ants have been astonishingly
successful,largely due to their wonderful social behavior.
In colonies(群体)that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions,they organize their lives with a
clear division of labor.Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.Where we use sound and
sight to communicate,ants depend primarily on pheromones(外激素),chemicals sent out by individuals and
smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food,it produces a pheromone that will lead
others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying,it sends out an alarm
pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.
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In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take
on a creature much larger than themselves,attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their
devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives
to help defeat an enemy.
Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140
million years,far longer than dinosaurs.Because they think as one,they have a collective(集体的)intelligence
greater than you would expect from its individual parts.
1.We can learn from the passage that ants are .
A.not willing to share food
B.not found around the poles
C.more successful than all other animals
D.too many to achieve any level of organization
2.Ants can use pheromones for .
A.escape
B.communication
C.warning enemies
D.arranging labor
3.What does the underlined expression“take on”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Accept. B.Employ.
C.Play with. D.Fight against.
4.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?
A.Their behavior.
B.Their size.
C.Their number.
D.Their weight.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。介绍了蚂蚁的分布、数量、大小及行为特点。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句话可知,除了寒冷的山顶和两极附近,蚂蚁几乎无处不在。故选
B。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,蚂蚁主要依靠外激素向同伴传递信息。故选B。
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3.D 猜测词义题。根据下文attacking in large groups and overcoming their target可知画线短语的意思为“反
抗,与……战斗”。故选D。
[评析 借助上下文,抓住关键词是解决此类问题的常用方法。本题只要抓住attacking和overcoming这两个
提示词就能很快锁定正确答案。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话可知,由于无私和忠诚的行为特点,这些小生物已在地球上存在了
1.4亿多年。故选A。
Passage 11
(2014课标全国Ⅱ,C)
One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford,Conn.,for
example,has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004.And
that’s true all across the country.
“I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age,”Joseph Stocke,the managing
director of a company,says of his 2-year-old son.“I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language
in the future.”After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China,the boy can already
understand basic Chinese daily expressions,his dad says.
Li Drake,a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband,had another reason
for looking for an au pair from China:She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am
Chinese,my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture,” she says.
“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne
Flynn,a professor in language education of children.“But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair
is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”
The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents
who want their children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in
the next few years.
1.What does the term “au pair” in the text mean?
A.A mother raising her children on her own.
B.A child learning a foreign language at home.
C.A professor in language education of children.
D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.
2.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them .
A.to live in China some day
B.to speak the language at home
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C.to catch up with other children
D.to learn about the Chinese culture
3.What can we infer from the text?
A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.
B.Educated women do better in looking after children.
C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.
D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材是社会文化类。在美国开始盛行雇用中国换工互惠生来照看孩子,因为越
来越多的父母希望孩子可以尽早学习汉语。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据第二段可知,Joseph Stocke让一名来自中国的25岁女性照看他的儿子,希望对儿子
未来的汉语学习有所帮助。由此推断,au pair指的是D项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中to keep exposed to(接触)the language and culture可知选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句...by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their
children to learn Chinese.可推断出,学习汉语在美国越来越流行。
Passage 12
(2014辽宁,C)
Would it surprise you to learn that,like animals,trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to
the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.Although
Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest,Simard shows just how wrong he was.In
fact,the opposite is true:trees survive through their co-operation and support,passing around necessary nutrition
“depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen(氮)and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi(真菌)networks,making sure that all
trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden
system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元)in our brains,and when one tree is
destroyed,it affects all.
Simard talks about “mother trees”,usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She
explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees
so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex
“tree societies”or the networks on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
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“We didn’t take any notice of it,”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before
dying,but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry,we could make a
huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
1.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees .
A.compete for survival
B.protect their own wealth
C.depend on each other
D.provide support for dying trees
2.“Mother trees” are extremely important because they .
A.look the largest in size in the forest
B.pass on nutrition to young trees
C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D.know more about the complex“tree societies”
3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .
A.how “tree societies” work
B.how trees grow old
C.how forestry industry develops
D.how young trees survive
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B.Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C.Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think
D.Trees Contribute To Our Society
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。本文介绍了森林里的树木是如何互相依赖而生存的。
1.C 猜测词义题。画线句子的前一句“...that trees are competing for survival of the fittest,...”指出树木为了
生存互相竞争,画线句子认为这一观点的对立面才是正确的:树木之间是互相依赖和支持的关系。因此本题
选择C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句“...how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next
generation,transporting important minerals to young trees...”和第五段第二句“Dying trees move nutrition into
the young trees before dying...”可以看出本题应选择B项。
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3.A 猜测词义题。倒数第二、三段一直在围绕着树木之间如何相互依靠、互相传递养料进行说明,因此it
指的是:群体树木之间是如何相互作用的,故答案为A项。
4.C 主旨大意题。本文围绕树木这个群体是如何通过相互依靠来生存的进行了解释说明,A项中的old
trees和B项中的young trees都偏离了主题,故排除。文章只描述了树木本身这个群体,并没有强调树木为人
类社会作出的贡献,因此排除D项。C项中的awesome(令人惊叹的)是对树木如何生存做出的一个很高的评
价,故选择C项。
[温馨提示] 1.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows
just how wrong he was.虽然查尔斯·达尔文认为树木因适者生存而竞争,但是Simard表明他是非常错误的。
2.the forest ecological system森林生态系统
3.If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our
environmental protection efforts for the future.如果我们把这些信息告诉林业行业,我们可以对未来环保的努力
产生巨大影响。
put...across(to...):communicate or convey(one’s ideas, feelings, etc.)(to sb.)沟通或传达(思想、感情等)。又
如:
He doesn’t know how to put himself across at interviews.他不知道在面试时怎样把自己的意思讲清楚。
She’s very good at putting her ideas across.她非常善于表达思想。
Passage 13
(2014江西,D)
Everyone looks forward to progress,whether in one’s personal life or in the general society.Progress indicates
a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment.Progress must lead to a better life and a better way
of doing things.All these,however,remain true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move
forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However,at the back of the minds of many people,especially those who miss the “good old days”,efficiency
comes with a price.When communication becomes more efficient,people are able to contact one another no matter
where they are and at whatever time they wish to.The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each
other without even leaving their homes.With the communication gadgets,such as mobile phones and iPads,people
often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of
having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts.We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn
the other person off.
With efficiency also comes mass production.Such is the nature of factories and the success of
industrialization today.Factories have improved efficiency.Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are
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better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done.However,with the
improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products.For
example,many handicrafts(手工艺品)are now produced in a factory.Although this means that supply is better able
to increase demand,now that the supply is quick and efficient,the demand might fall because mass production
lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless,we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view.In
fact,progress has allowed tradition to keep up.It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that
many old products can be brought back to their old state.New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on
society.Technology is flexible.There is no fixed way of making use of it.Everything depends on people’s
attitude.The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of
society.When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs,a new “past” is created.
1.According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to .
A.live a better life
B.look for better methods
C.change ways of living
D.accept technology and advance steadily
2.The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to .
A.tools
B.messages
C.barriers
D.skills
3.The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by .
A.describing a process
B.using examples
C.following time order
D.making classification
4.Compared with home-made handicrafts,machine-made products .
A.lack great accuracy
B.lack the personal touch
C.are of high value
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D.are quite welcome
5.What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?
A.It can destroy old traditions.
B.It can lead to social progress.
C.It can be used to correct mistakes.
D.It can be used to preserve old products.
6.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A.Progress can suit the needs of daily life.
B.People review the past with great regret.
C.Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.
D.People’s attitude decides the use of technology.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。众所周知,人类在追求进步,每个人都向往进步。人们通过
找到更新的、更有效的做事方式来接受日新月异的科技,然后稳步前进,这样才能拥有更美好的生活。然而,
我们应该从不同角度看待所谓的有效性。人们对进步所持的态度直接决定了科技的利用效果。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段的All these,however,remain true only in so far as people want to accept
technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.可知,此题正确答案为D。
2.A 猜测词义题。画线词后面列举了手机和平板电脑,可以判断communication gadgets 指代交流工具,因
此正确答案为A。
3.B 推理判断题。此处表示:对于那些怀念“曾经的美好日子”的人来说,效率与代价并存。下文举例说明
两种不同沟通方式带来的弊端和好处。因此正确答案为B项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的However,with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the
personal touch when making these products.可知,随着效率的改进,机器在加工产品的同时,也使得这些产品出
现了个人风格的缺失。由此可见,B项是正确的。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第四段的In fact,progress has allowed tradition to keep up.It is only with progress and
the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state.New technology is
required for old products to stay old.可知D项正确。
6.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence
that technology has on society.可知D项是正确的。
Passage 14
(2014江苏,B)
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However wealthy we may be,we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.Economics
deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost,which simply refers to whether someone’s time or
money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing
another,or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely,what
they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours
to get to and from the stadium.Why not,you might reason,watch the game from home and use the leftover money
and time to have dinner with friends?This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
For economists,every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and
enjoyment—in order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out
on,you ought to be able to make better-informed,more reasonable decisions.Consider that most famous economic
rule of all:there’s no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free,the time
you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging:imagine spending your entire life
calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or
enjoyable.Yet,in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of
decisions all the time.
In the business world,a popular phrase is “value for money.”People want their cash to go as far as
possible.However,another is fast obtaining an advantage:“value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources
is the number of hours we can devote to something,so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of
time.By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other
activities,such as sleeping and eating.In return,however,this passage will help you to think like an
economist,closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
1.According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to .
A.making more money
B.taking more opportunities
C.reducing missed opportunities
D.weighing the choice of opportunities
2.The “leftover...time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time .
A.spared for watching the match at home
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B.taken to have dinner with friends
C.spent on the way to and from the match
D.saved from not going to watch the match
3.What are forgone opportunities?
A.Opportunities you forget in decision-making.
B.Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D.Opportunities you make up for.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文属于说明文,题材为技巧指导。文章主要介绍了如何更好地支配自己的时间和金钱以及如
何在做决定时考虑花费的机会成本。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据文章第三段最后一句话可知,opportunity cost的意思就是对你金钱和时间的选择使
用。由此可推断opportunity cost和“对机会选择的权衡”有关。故选D项。
2.C 推理判断题。上文提到你打算去体育场观看一场足球比赛,但门票太昂贵,而且从家到体育场的往返时
间要花费几个小时。然后提到“为什么不在家里看比赛,而把剩余的时间和金钱用来和朋友共进晚餐呢?”由
此可推断“leftover...time”指的就是从家到体育场的往返时间。故选C项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知,即使有人带你出去享用免费的午餐,而从forgone opportunities
的角度来看你却要付出花费时间的代价。再结合第二句“通过准确了解你会得到什么和你会错失什么获利
的机会,你应该能够作出更明智的选择”可推断forgone opportunities指的就是那些为了获得更好的机会而
放弃的机会。
[温馨提示] 1.Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost,which simply refers to
whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.经济学使用机会成本这一概念解决了
这种问题。所谓机会成本就是一个人的时间或金钱是否可以更好地花在其他事情上。
2.For economists,every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and
enjoyment—in order to take it up.对于经济学家来说,为了实施一项计划,当涉及金钱和快乐时,他们的每项决
定都是在明白必须放弃什么的情况下作出的。
Passage 15
(2014广东,B)
It was a cold winter day.A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth(收费站).“I’m paying for
myself,and for the six cars behind me,”she said with a smile,handing over seven tickets.One after another,the next
six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed,“Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”
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It turned out that the woman,Natalie Smith,had read something on a friend’s refrigerator:“Practice random
kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.
Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home.When it stayed on her mind
for days,she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down.“I thought it was beautiful,”she said,explaining
why she’d taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters,“like a message from above.”Her husband,Frank,liked
the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students,one of whom was the daughter of Alice
Johnson,a local news reporter.Alice put it in the newspaper,admitting that though she liked it,she didn’t know
where it came from or what it really meant.
Two days later,Alice got a call from Anne Herbert,a woman living in Marin.It was in a restaurant that Anne
wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper,after turning it around in her mind for days.
“Here’s the idea,”Anne says.“Anything you think there should be more of,do it randomly.”Her fantasies
include painting the classrooms of shabby schools,leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town,and
giving money secretly to a proud old lady.Anne says,“Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”
The acts of random kindness spread.If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid,who knows
what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later.Like all great events,kindness begins slowly,with
every single act.Let it be yours!
1.Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?
A.She knew the car drivers well.
B.She wanted to show kindness.
C.She hoped to please others.
D.She had seven tickets.
2.Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she .
A.thought it was beautifully written
B.wanted to know what it really meant
C.decided to write it on a warehouse wall
D.wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom
3.Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?
A.Judy Foreman.
B.Natalie Smith.
C.Alice Johnson.
D.Anne Herbert.
4.Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence above?
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A.Kindness and violence can change the world.
B.Kindness and violence can affect one’s behavior.
C.Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.
D.Kindness and violence can shape one’s character.
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.People should practice random kindness to those in need.
B.People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.
C.People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.
D.People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文,题材为生活哲理类。文章讲述一位妇女曾在朋友的冰箱上看到一句警句,从而
有感而发。她在收费站为素不相识的其他六名司机支付费用,这个故事告诉我们,勿以善小而不为。
1.B 推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a
friend’s refrigerator:“Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.”可知,Natalie Smith为她后面的六辆
车付费的原因就是她想行善。故选B。
2.A 细节理解题。从第三段第三句“I thought it was beautiful,”she said...可知选A。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of
paper...可知,那句警句最先由Anne Herbert想出。故选D项。
4.C 猜测词义题。画线句中的build on与C项中的reproduce对应,故本题选C项。
5.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知当一个人获得别人的帮助时,他很有可能会将这样的善举传递
给其他人,故选B项。D项干扰性较强,pay it back to the giver与原文意思不符。
Passage 16
(2014天津,D)
People aren’t walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it.
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel.The journey is a matter
of 281 steps.But I used the car.And I wasn’t in any hurry,either.I had merely become one more victim of a national
sickness:motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的),for I was bred in the tradition of going to
places on my own two legs.At that time,we regarded 25 miles as a good day’s walk and the ability to cover such a
distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill.It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.And the effect
was lasting.When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Statue of
Liberty.
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Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart.But a well-known
British physician,Sir Adolphe Abrahams,pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise.A person
who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly.And walking is an ideal form
of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot.The man walking can learn the
trees,flowers,insects,birds and animals,the significance of seasons,the very feel of himself as a living creature in a
living world.He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport,but we have made it our way of life.Many people don’t dare to
approach Nature any more;to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat.To them security is a steel river
thundering on a concrete road.And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn
green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind’s best light.And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic
and everlasting.
1.What is the national sickness?
A.Walking too much.
B.Traveling too much.
C.Driving cars too much.
D.Climbing stairs too much.
2.What was life like when the author was young?
A.People usually went around on foot.
B.People often walked 25 miles a day.
C.People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.
D.People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.
3.The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that .
A.middle-aged people like getting back to nature
B.walking in nature helps enrich one’s mind
C.people need regular exercise to keep fit
D.going on foot prevents heart disease
4.What is compared to“a steel river”in Paragraph 6?
A.A queue of cars.
B.A ray of traffic light.
C.A flash of lightning.
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D.A stream of people.
5.What is the author’s intention of writing this passage?
A.To tell people to reflect more on life.
B.To recommend people to give up driving.
C.To advise people to do outdoor activities.
D.To encourage people to return to walking.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,题材为生活热点。步行可以使我们更好地了解自然和自我,这一点是开车所无
法带来的。
1.C 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness:motorosis.可
知,国民的通病就是开车太多。
2.A 细节理解题。由第三段中for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs可知,作者
小时候的传统就是无论去哪里都靠两条腿,故选择A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第五段的描述可知,步行可以使人更好地了解自然界和自我。由此可推断作者引用
Henry Thoreau的例子就是为了证明步行能丰富人的思维。故选B。
4.A 猜测词义题。由画线词后面的内容“thundering on a concrete road在混凝土路面上轰隆隆地移动”可
猜测出,作者在这里把a steel river比作川流不息的车队。
5.D 主旨大意题。文章最后一段告诉我们,绿色可以净化人的心灵,步行者可以判断什么是基本和永恒的东
西。由此可判断作者的写作目的是鼓励我们多步行。故选D。
[温馨提示]
1.The journey is a matter of 281 steps.距离至多有281步。
a matter of:not more than 不多于,至多。又如:
I’ll be back in a matter of hours.用不了几小时我就回来。
2.To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road.对于他们来说,安全就是在混凝土路面上轰
隆隆作响的“钢铁巨流”。
Passage 17
(2013课标全国Ⅱ,C)
Given that many people’s moods(情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was probably only
a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking
like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory,Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility(CRF)has
over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents’ corner store with one hand
almost always in the jar of sweets.
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If the CRF seems to be a smart idea,that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a
marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results
in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates.
The CRF’s produce is “green”,made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series
being the most popular.The Exotic Series—with Sichuan pepper,red bean(豆),cheese and other flavors—also does
well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than
others,the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo,Cuba,Venezuela,and Ghana,among others.
1.What is good about chocolate?
A.It serves as a suitable gift.
B.It works as an effective medicine.
C.It helps improve the state of mind.
D.It strengthens business relations.
2.Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?
A.He knows the importance of research.
B.He learns from shops of similar types.
C.He has the support of many big names.
D.He has a lot of marketing experience.
3.Which line of the CRF produce sells best?
A.The Connoisseur Series.
B.The Exotic Series.
C.The Alcohol Series.
D.The Sichuan Series.
4.The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who .
A.are particular about chocolate
B.know little about cocoa beans
C.look down upon others
D.like to try new flavors
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材是饮食与健康类。巧克力是我们日常生活中很多人喜爱的一种食品,但是
你了解它对我们的情绪有什么影响吗?市场上到底有多少种巧克力?哪一种最受人们喜爱?一个新加坡人给
出了答案。
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1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一句话中的many people’s moods(情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of
chocolate可知巧克力可以改善人的心情,故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的...but also head of a marketing department that...That idea surely results in...
可推断出他这种想法的形成得益于他丰富的市场经验,故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段的with the Alcohol Series being the most popular可知答案为C项。
4.A 猜测词义题。根据后面定语从句句意“他们认为自己比别人更了解巧克力”可推断出答案为A项:对
巧克力很挑剔。
[长难句] Given that many people’s moods are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was
probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of
Chinese medicine.鉴于很多人的情绪会受到巧克力的化学作用的调节,那么有人把巧克力商店变成和销售中
药的药店类似的商店可能只是个时间问题了。
given that意为:考虑到,鉴于……情况,引导原因状语从句。主句中含有一个before引导的时间状语从句,
意为:在……之前。it’s just/only a matter of time...……只是时间问题。
Passage 18
(2013江西,C)
Many people think that listening is a passive business.It is just the opposite.Listening well is an active
exercise of our attention and hard work.It is because they do not realize this,or because they are not willing to do
the work,that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.An essential part of listening well is the
rule known as ‘bracketing’.Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices
and desires,to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside,stepping into his or her
shoes.Moreover,since listening well involves bracketing,it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other
person.Sensing this acceptance,the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to
the listener.True communication is under way.The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be
accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.
Most of the time we lack this energy.Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships
that we are listening well,what we are usually doing is listening selectively.Often we have a prepared list in mind
and wonder,as we listen,how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as
possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us.Many of us are far more interested in talking than in
listening,or we simply refuse to listen to what we don’t want to hear.
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It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly
listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的).In about a quarter of the patients I saw,surprising improvement was
shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法),before any of the roots of problems had been
uncovered or explained.There are several reasons for this phenomenon,but chief among them,I believe,was the
patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to,often for the first time in years,and for some,perhaps for
the first time ever.
1.The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes”in Paragraph 2 probably means .
A.preparing a topic list first
B.focusing on one’s own mind
C.directing the talk to the desired results
D.experiencing the speaker’s inside world
2.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A.How to listen well.
B.What to listen to.
C.Benefits of listening.
D.Problems in listening.
3.According to the author, in communication people tend to .
A.listen actively
B.listen purposefully
C.set aside their prejudices
D.open up their inner mind
4.According to the author, the patients improved mainly because .
A.they were taken good care of
B.they knew they were truly listened to
C.they had partners to talk to
D.they knew the roots of problems
5.What type of writing is the article likely to be?
A.Science fiction.
B.A news report.
C.A medical report.
D.Popular science.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材是科普知识类。在日常交流中我们往往倾向于说而不愿意听。但是如何倾
听他人是一门艺术,掌握它会让我们受益匪浅。作者从医生和病人的角度论述了该话题。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据画线部分前的描述:尽可能去感受另外一个人的内心世界。由此可以推断出画线部
分的意思是:感受说话者的内心世界,故选D项。
2.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句话Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.以
及后面对该话题的论述所使用的includes,involves,required等可知该段的中心就是:如何很好地去倾听,故选
A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的listening selectively,a prepared list in mind,achieve certain desired results
等可以推断出在日常交流中我们倾向于有目的地、有选择地、为了达到某种想要的结果去听别人说话,故
选B项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句中的he or she was being truly listened to可知选B项。A、C两
项文中没有提及;D项与文章相反。
5.D 推理判断题。本文就如何倾听别人的话展开论述,由此推断这属于大众科学之类。A:科幻小说;B:新闻
报道;C:医学报告;D:大众科学。故选D项。
[长难句] The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will
to extend oneself for mutual growth.很好地倾听别人的话需要付出的精力是如此大,以至于只有在我们甘愿
尽我们最大努力想去共同成长时才能达到。
整个句式为so+adj.+that...如此……以至于……,that引导结果状语从句。required for listening well是过
去分词短语作后置定语,修饰energy。
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