曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
专题九 推理判断
Passage 1
In 2007, the African Union announced an ambitious project—to plant the Great Green
Wall (GGW), a band of trees that would stretch the length of the Sahel.
The GGW is an ecological restoration project designed by African people for African people.
Heavy rain, droughts, wildfire and landslides have all become common throughout the world.
But nowhere is quite like the Sahel. In this huge African region, climate change has
materialized in a dramatic manner. In some cases, the severe conditions have left people with
no option other than to migrate elsewhere to survive. It was with all of this in mind that the
extraordinary, but heavily debated project was first put forward.
Fourteen years has passed since the initiative formally kicked off. The stated goal was to
create a 15-kilometre-wide, 8, 000-kilometre-long green belt of trees and other plants that, by
2030, would span(跨越)the entire width of the Sahel, from Senegal to Djibouti. Overall, 100
million hectares(公顷)of land would be restored by 2030. Once completed, it was announced
that the wall could end up capturing(俘获)250 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, while its
creation and upkeep could create ten million jobs in rural areas.
Looking at the project as a whole, there’s still a long way to go. According to a status report
by the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, about four million hectares of degraded
land have been restored. This means that progress towards the 100 million hectares target
stands at just four per cent.
“When we started restoring the soil, we realized the area at risk was much wider than we
initially thought,” explains Elvis Paul Tangem, the African Union’s GGW coordinator. “We
had few funds to push the initiative as much as we wanted to. There was skepticism among
investors, who didn’t understand the project, but also among the African states themselves,
which needed time to figure out if the GGW was a priority.”
1.What is the purpose of the GGW project?
A.To improve local ecology.
B.To develop rural economy.
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C.To predict climate patterns.
D.To strengthen regional ties.
2.What do the statistics in Paragraph 3 show of the initiative?
A.The service period. B.The total budget.
C.The targeted groups. D.The expected benefits.
3.How does Elvis Paul Tangem feel about the project?
A.Skeptical. B.Worried.
C.Confident. D.Satisfied.
4.What message does the author intend to convey in the text?
A.African countries should stand together.
B.The progress of the GGW project is slow.
C.Fighting climate change is our top priority.
D.Natural disasters are worse than we thought.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了“非洲绿色长城”计划(GGW)的实施状况。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句(GGW是一项非洲人为非洲人设计的生态修复工
程。)可知,GGW项目的目的在于改善当地生态。故选A。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“建立15千米宽,8,000千米长的植物绿化带”“恢
复一亿公顷土地”“俘获2.5亿吨二氧化碳”“创造1000万个工作岗位”可知,这些数
字都是GGW项目的预期收益。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段结尾内容(我们几乎没有资金来尽量按想要的那样推动
项目。投资者中间出现怀疑态度,他们不理解该项目,而且非洲国家自己也怀疑,这需要时
间审视该项目是不是优势项目。)可知,Elvis Paul Tangem对该项目是担心的。故选B。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第四段(从整体来看,该项目还有很长的路要走。根据《联合国
防治荒漠化公约》状态报告显示,大约400万公顷退化土地得以恢复。这就意味着恢复
1亿公顷的目标仅达成4%。)可知,作者在本文想传达的信息是:GGW项目进展缓慢。故
选B。
Passage 2
On Friday January 14, 2022, a blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and
3,300 km away in Australia. Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California, a
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remote island was battered in Japan by 4-foot waves and two women were swept to their
deaths on a beach in Peru some 6,000 miles from an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful
that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe.
But on Sunday, as reports of the volcano’s effect crowded in from far-flung countries, there
was little word from Tonga, the island nation just 40 miles from the site of the extraordinary
explosion. As concerns from all over the world grew, the nation of about 100,000 people
remained largely cut off from the rest of the world, its undersea Internet cables knocked out
of commission by the volcano.
In Tonga on Sunday, many residents lost not only communication channels but electric
power. Up to 80,000 people there could be affected, the International Federation of Red Cross
and Red Crescent Societies told the BBC.
New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. But with
heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcanic
eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. Ardern, New Zealand Prime
Minister, said flights over Tonga were planned for Monday or Tuesday, depending on ash
conditions.
Tonga has experienced a succession of natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, more than
170 homes were destroyed and two people killed by Cyclone Gita, a Category 5 tropical
storm. In 2020, Cyclone Harold caused about $111 million in damage.
1.Which country wasn’t affected by Tonga undersea volcanic eruptions?
A.America. B.Japan. C.Peru. D.Iceland.
2.How much area of the sea water did the volcanic eruption stir?
A.20%. B.30%. C.50%. D.70%.
3.Which phrase can replace the underlined words “out of commission”?
A.out of action B.out of range
C.out of existence D.out of account
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The Iceland volcanic eruption in 2021 made nearby flights delayed.
B.New Zealand as well as other nations in the region gave Tonga aid timely.
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C.Flights could reach Tonga two days after the eruption.
D.The undersea volcanic eruption caused severer damage to Tonga than ever before.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道。当地时间2022年1月14日太平洋岛国汤加发生海底火
山喷发,致使该国与外界中断联系,同时引发海啸,影响多个太平洋沿岸国家。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中出现的“New Zealand”“Australia”“Southern
California”“Japan”和“Peru”可知,D项(冰岛)未受本次汤加海底火山喷发的影响。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean
waters halfway across the globe”(本次海底火山喷发引起的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水)
可知火山喷发搅动了50%的区域的海水。故选C。
3.A 猜测词义题。根据第二段第二句中的“这个有着大约10万人口的国家仍然在很
大程度上与世隔绝”可推知,汤加的海底网络电缆不能使用,故A项(不能工作;停止运转)
符合语境。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句(但是由于空气中高浓度的火山灰使空中航行变
得不可能,正如2021年冰岛火山喷发一样,甚至很难知道汤加需要些什么)可推知A项
(2021年冰岛火山喷发造成附近航班延误)正确。
Passage 3
It’s no secret that walking is good for you. Many of us are trying to get in those
recommended 10,000 steps a day that our wearable fitness technology urges us to achieve.
But how many calories are we actually burning, and how can we get the most out of those
steps? Find answers in these ways.
Do you know the truth about calorie-burning? Walking is a moderate intensity form of
exercise. To get the most calorie-burning benefits, then, it would seem that walking at a
consistently light pace would make the most sense. Pay attention to your heart rate and how
you feel. Wearable technologies can certainly provide an idea of progress toward your
calorie-burning goals. Using fitness tracker equipment to help you recognize when you reach
your target heart rate zones can help you maximize the calorie-burning.
Walking is often considered as a great fat-burning exercise, and for good reason. You can’t
really walk at higher intensities because of the nature of the exercise; therefore, you end up in
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low-intensity zones, where you tend to burn more fat. When you’re walking at a lighter
intensity with your heart rate in the 57% to 63% range, you are more likely to be using fat for
fuel. No matter what your speed is, form matters. When done with good form, walking is an
incredibly beneficial form of exercise for total health and wellness beyond mere calorie-
burning. Moreover, walking is the most accessible form of exercise because it doesn’t require
any special clothes, equipment or memberships.
Whether your goal is fat loss, increased fitness or simply enhancing your overall health and
wellness, walking offers all these benefits and more.
1.What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A.To introduce the topic.
B.To compare walking with other exercise.
C.To explain the wearable fitness technology.
D.To show the importance of 10,000 steps a day.
2.What does the underlined word “intensity” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Depth. B.Strength.
C.Height. D.Distance.
3.What can be inferred from the text?
A.Walking at high intensities is recommended.
B.Your walking speed is the most important to calorie-burning.
C.Walking can burn calories better if you walk in a proper form.
D.It is more convenient to walk for those who have a gym membership.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Walking 10,000 Steps a Day Matters
B.Walking Benefits Your Heart
C.How to Best Burn Calories while Walking
D.How to Use Wearable Fitness Technologies while Walking
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了几种充分利用走路消耗热量的方法。
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1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句(但实际上我们消耗了多少热量并且我们该如
何充分利用那些步数呢?用以下方法寻求答案。)可知,第一段的目的在于引出文章主题。
故选A。
2.B 猜测词义题。根据第二段第三句(因此,为了获得最大热量消耗的成效,始终保持以
轻快的步伐走路似乎最合理。)可知,走路是一种中等强度的运动形式。故B项(强度)正
确。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句(当你以更轻的强度走路,心率在57%至63%
之间时,你更有可能在用脂肪作为燃料。无论什么样的速度,形式很重要。)可知C项(如
果你以合适的形式走路,走路就能更好地消耗热量)正确。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据第一段最后两句(但实际上我们消耗了多少热量并且我们该如何
充分利用那些步数呢?用以下方法寻求答案。)可知C项(如何在走路时最好地消耗热量)
符合文章主旨。
Passage 4
People play the lottery (博彩) in the hope of winning money, sometimes a lot of money.
Your chances of winning are small, but the pay-offs can be big. It takes a lot of luck to win.
But for a woman in Massachusetts, winning the lottery involved more than luck. It involved
extreme honesty and kindness.
Lea Rose Fiega accidentally threw out a $1 million lottery ticket. But thanks to the kindness
and honesty of the owners of the store where she bought it, she eventually collected her
winnings.
Fiega bought the $30 Diamond Millions scratch-off ticket in March at a convenience store in
Southwick, Massachusetts. The store is near her workplace. And it is named the Lucky Stop.
She said, “I was in a hurry, on my lunch break, and just scratched it really quickly and it
didn’t look like a winner...” So, she handed it to the store owners to throw away.
The ticket lay in the store for 10 days. “One evening, I was going through the tickets from the
trash and found out that she didn’t scratch the number,” Abhi Shah, the son of the store’s
owners, told a local television station. So, he scratched the number. It was a $1 million ticket.
Fiega is a regular customer. So, the family knew immediately who had thrown it away. Shah
went to see her at work. Fiega said, “He came to my office and said, ‘My mom and dad would
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like to see you.’” She told the young man that she was busy working. But he said, “No, you
have to come over.”
So, Fiega went to the store and that was when the family told her the news. “I was in total
disbelief,” Fiega said. “I cried. I hugged them.”
The store gets $10,000 from the state lottery company for selling the winning ticket. Fiega
said she gave the family some money to thank them. She is saving the rest for retirement.
1.What made Fiega nearly lose her great fortune?
A.Greed. B.Kindness.
C.Generosity. D.Carelessness.
2.How did Fiega initially expect the store owners to handle her ticket?
A.By getting rid of it.
B.By selling it to others.
C.By keeping a record of it.
D.By keeping it for her.
3.Why did Shah insist that Fiega go to see his parents?
A.To trick her into going back to their store.
B.To divide up the lottery winnings.
C.To return the lottery ticket to her.
D.To identify the owner of the lottery ticket.
4.Which word best describes the outcome of the incident?
A.Unfair. B.Win-win. C.Regrettable. D.Uncertain.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道。马萨诸塞州诚实善良的便利店老板发现顾客扔掉的彩票
中了100万美元后,完璧归赵。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句(Lea Rose Fiega意外地丢掉了一张100万美元的
彩票。)可知,是Fiega的粗心才使得她差一点与巨额财富失之交臂。故选D。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句(所以,她把彩票丢给便利店老板,让他们丢掉。)
可知她最初期望店老板处理掉彩票。故选A。
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3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段(所以Fiega去了便利店,就在那时这家人告诉了她这
个消息。“我完全不敢相信,”Fiega说,“我哭了并拥抱了他们。”)可知Shah坚持让
Fiega去见自己的父母,目的是要告诉她这个消息,并把彩票还给她。故选C。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,商店得到了州彩票公司的10,000美元奖励。
Fiega也拿了一些钱给这家人以表感谢,剩余的存起来,退休后再用。这对双方来说是双
赢的结果,故选B。
Passage 5
Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham,
Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he was moved frequently throughout
his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left
him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination with ants and their social
structures.
Wilson earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955,
he received his Ph.D. from Harvard and worked there until retirement.
Wilson’s early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: how ants communicate
through the release of chemical signals.
Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bert Hölldobler published their Pulitzer-winning
The Ants. It detailed the insects’ social structure that was both valued by scholars and
accessible to general readers.
Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert
MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to
explain why different places have different numbers of species.
What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology
came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the
genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior.
Wilson faced accusations for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true. In 1978, his
ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him
a Pulitzer in 1979.
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Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 30 books. These accomplishments
offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner
remained down to earth. “Professor Wilson really listened to and engaged with whomever he
was interacting with,” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees.
1.What contributed to Wilson’s passion for ants?
A.His accidental disability.
B.The discovery he made about ants.
C.The school education he received.
D.His boyhood time spent in nature.
2.What is Wilson’s first Pulitzer-winning book about?
A.The social structure of ants.
B.The distribution of different species.
C.The links between biology and human culture.
D.The role of chemical signals in communication.
3.According to the last paragraph, which word best describes Wilson?
A.Humorous.
B.Humble.
C.Open-minded.
D.Independent.
4.What is the best title of this text?
A.The Pioneering “Ant Man”
B.Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology
C.A Leading Figure in Popular Science
D.The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章讲述了“蚁人”爱德华·威尔逊的生平及取得的非凡
成就。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句(威尔逊在探索森林和野生动物中长大,其中一
次探险致使他失去了部分视力,但探险也激发了他对蚂蚁及其社会结构的终生迷恋)可知,
他在自然界中度过的童年时光促成了他对蚂蚁的酷爱。故D项正确。
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2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段(后来,在1990年,威尔逊和德国生物学家Bert Hölldobler
出版了他们第一部普利策奖获奖作品《蚂蚁》。作品详细介绍了这种昆虫的社会结
构……)可知A项正确。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句(这些成就给他提供了超级明星的地位,但朋友
和同事们都说这位有礼貌的南方人仍然很务实)可知,爱德华·威尔逊很谦逊,不虚荣。故
选B。
4.A 主旨要义题。根据第一段第一句并结合全文可知,本文讲述了“蚁人”爱德华·威
尔逊的生平及取得的非凡成就,故A项(开创性的“蚁人”)符合本文主旨。
Passage 6
Scientists have long sought to prevent sharp memories from dulling with age, but the
problem remains unsettled. A new study published in Scientific Reports suggests virtual
reality might help older people recall facts and events based on specific details.
The study involved 42 healthy older adults from the San Francisco Bay Area. Half spent a
dozen hours over four weeks playing a virtual-reality game called Labyrinth; they wore
headsets and walked in place, walking virtual neighborhoods while completing small tasks.
The other half, in the control group, used electronic tablets to play games that did not require
recalling details. After 15 sessions, the latter performed roughly the same as before on a long-
term memory test. But the Labyrinth players gained an improvement in memory through the
VR game. A scientist Peter Wais of the University of California said the improvements
brought them up to the level of another group of younger adults taking the same memory
tests.
Meredith Thompson, an education researcher, studies learning through VR games but was not
involved in the new study. “It would be great to actually follow people over time and see
what this type of game does for long-term memory,” she says, adding VR can provide greater
involvement than other games. Wais’s team is now investigating how long the observed
effects last and which elements of the training have the most impact.
A cognitive psychologist, Daniel Simons, who was also not involved in the study, notes
experiments with other games that claim to train the brain have often failed to evaluate this.
And it remains unclear how test performance in a laboratory setting might translate into real-
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world situations. “The outcome,” Simons notes, “needs to be repeated, ideally with a much
larger group, before it’s treated as a strong finding.”
For now, Wais says, the team hopes its studies with similar-sized groups will help draw
funding to test the game in a larger pool of participants.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A.Virtual reality may better older adults’ memory.
B.Old people should play VR games to avoid aging.
C.Virtual reality might change people’s memory.
D.People’s memory tends to fade as they’re aging.
2.What is Meredith Thompson’s attitude to the research?
A.Uncaring. B.Cautious.
C.Worried. D.Satisfied.
3.Why does the research need improving according to the scientists?
A.It failed to receive financial support.
B.It couldn’t be applied in the real world.
C.The test performance was unsatisfying.
D.Limited participants made it unconvincing.
4.Where may the text come from?
A.A science fiction.
B.A book review.
C.A science magazine.
D.A sports magazine.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。研究发现虚拟现实可以帮助老年人回忆往昔,改善记忆力。
1.A 主旨要义题。根据第一段第二句(《科学报告》公布的一项新的研究表明,虚拟现
实可以帮助老年人回忆起基于具体细节的事实和事件)可知A项(虚拟现实可以改善老
年人的记忆力)正确。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“教育研究员Meredith Thompson通过虚拟现实游
戏研究学习,但没有参与此项新研究。她说:‘实际上长时间跟踪这些人,然后再看看虚拟
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现实游戏对长期记忆有什么样的影响会很好。’”可知Meredith Thompson对该研究持
谨慎的态度。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句(Simons指出,该研究结果在被视为重大发
现之前,需要反复实验,最好放在更大的群体中)可推知,参与者数量有限使得研究结果难
以令人信服。故选D。
4.C 推理判断题。根据本文出现的“Scientists”“A new study”“Scientific Reports”“The
study”“researcher”等字眼可推知,本文属于科学研究,可能出现在科学杂志上。
Passage 7
Facebook has launched its first pair of smart glasses, which house speakers and cameras,
built with eyewear firm Ray-Ban. The glasses, which are available in a range of colours and
styles, are priced at ￡299 and will be available from September 13.
Called Ray-Ban Stories, the glasses feature two five-megapixel cameras to take photos and
videos, as well as built-in microphones and speakers enabling users to make calls and listen to
audio. The glasses also come with built-in LED lights to let people nearby know when the
wearer is taking a photo or video and pair with the new Facebook View app, which enables
users to share content from the glasses on their social media accounts.
Announcing the new hardware, Facebook acknowledged that privacy was a key issue it had
been looking to address when creating the new device. “As with any new device, we have a
big responsibility to help people feel comfortable and provide peace of mind, and that goes
not only for device owners but the people around them, too,” the social network said in a blog
post.
Facebook said it would also offer guidance to users on how to safely use the glasses with
regard to others. “We’ve developed guidelines for what is and isn’t an appropriate use of the
glasses, some of which surface right in the app during on-boarding, and which are available in
full online on our dedicated privacy microsite for Ray-Ban Stories.”
“These tips include respecting people’s preferences if they ask you to stop recording or don’t
want to be in a photo or video, not capturing photos and videos while driving, and turning off
the glasses in private areas like places of worship, a doctor’s office, or locker rooms.”
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1.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?
A.The smart glasses are made by Facebook independently.
B.The glasses have more than two five-megapixel cameras.
C.Users can share content from the glasses with their friends.
D.The built-in LED lights help take better pictures.
2.What can be inferred from the text?
A.The glasses will be a hit with Facebook users.
B.People can buy the glasses at the start of September.
C.The tips on safe use of the glasses are not free.
D.Some people may feel uneasy when being caught on camera.
3.What is Facebook’s attitude to the issue of privacy?
A.Serious. B.Indifferent.
C.Negative. D.Objective.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Safety Guidelines for Glasses Users
B.Facebook’s Release of Smart Glasses
C.Privacy Related to New Technology
D.Users’ Feedback on Smart Glasses
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了Facebook推出的一款智能眼镜。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“which enables users to share content from
the glasses on their social media accounts”(这使得用户可将眼镜上的内容在社交媒体账户
上分享)可知C项(用户可与朋友分享眼镜上的内容)正确。
2.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“这些建议包括如果人们要求你停止拍摄或不想
出现在照片或视频中,要尊重他们的喜好”可推知D项(有些人在被相机捕捉到时可能会
感到不安)正确。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句(在宣布这款新的硬件设备时,Facebook承认隐私
是在研制时努力解决的关键问题)可知,Facebook对待隐私问题是严肃的(serious)。
4.B 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段第一句(Facebook推出首副智能眼镜,配有扬声器和
摄像头,并与Ray-Ban眼镜公司合作开发)可知B项(Facebook推出智能眼镜)正确。
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Passage 8
To persist, life must reproduce. Scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University,
and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have
discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to
creating the first-ever, self-replicating (自我复制的) living robots.
Named Xenobots after the African clawed frog from which scientists take their stem cells, the
machines are less than 0.04 inches wide—small enough to travel inside human bodies. They
can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food,and work together in groups. They even
have regenerative capabilities; when the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself
and kept moving.
The Xenobots could potentially be used for a host of tasks. Xenobots could be used to clean
up radioactive waste and collect microplastics in the oceans. Some Xenobots had holes in
their center, which could potentially be used to transport drugs or medicines. “Traditional
robots degrade (降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects,”
researchers said in the study, which was published in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. As biological machines, Xenobots are more environmentally friendly
and safer for human health. Aside from these immediate practical tasks, Xenobots could also
help researchers to learn more about cell biology—opening the door to future advancement in
human health and longevity.
While the prospect of self-replicating biotechnology could spark concern, the researchers said
that the living machines were entirely contained in a lab and easily destroyed, as they are
biodegradable and regulated by experts. “There are many things that are possible if we take
advantage of this kind of plasticity (可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems,” said
Joshua Bongard, one of the lead researchers at the University of Vermont.
1.Which of the following best explains “regenerative” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A.Fighting disease.
B.Replacing old cells.
C.Self-cleaning regularly.
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D.Recovering and growing again.
2.What can we learn about Xenobots from Paragraph 3?
A.They can be widely applied to curing diseases.
B.They can serve the research on human health well.
C.They are specially designed to collect radioactive waste.
D.They are harmless to the environment by degrading plastics.
3.What is Bongard’s attitude towards the self-replicating biotechnology?
A.Positive. B.Doubtful.
C.Indifferent. D.Ambiguous.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.An experiment on African clawed frogs.
B.The trend of developing biotechnology.
C.An application of a machine in medicine.
D.The invention of the first self-replicating robots.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了全球首批可自我复制的活体机器人。
1.D 猜测词义题。根据第二段最后一句中的“当科学家切开一个机器人时,它自动愈合
并继续移动”可知D项(恢复并再次生长)可以解释“regenerative(可再生的)”的意思。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句(除了这些当前的实际任务之外,Xenobots还可
以帮助研究人员更多地了解细胞生物学——为人类健康、长寿的未来发展打开大门)可
知B项(它们可以很好地服务于在人类健康方面的研究)正确。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Joshua Bongard所说的“如果我们利用细胞的这种
可塑性以及能力来解决问题,那么许多事情便成为可能”可推知Joshua Bongard对自我
复制生物技术持积极的、肯定的态度。故选A。
4.D 主旨要义题。根据第一段第二句可知,科学家们发现了一种全新的生物复制形式,
并运用他们的发现创造了首批可自我复制的活体机器人。故D项(首批可自我复制的机
器人的发明)符合文章主旨。
Passage 9
One question every coach has heard in their coaching career is this:
“Why isn’t my kid playing?”
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The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of
“play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.
When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn’t playing is simple:
“They’re just not good enough.”
“He/She just isn’t fast enough.”
“He/She just isn’t strong enough.”
Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what
you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they’re good at,
and what they’re not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the middle-
schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the
varsity team (校队) or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.
The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team, have
dreamed of it since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy, need a
varsity sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of
them don’t possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing, by getting stronger
and quicker, and with on-field effort.
Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t
know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on
when they don’t get their own way.
It’s awful when your kid isn’t playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to
see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When
these kids move on in life, they are going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to
get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.
Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never
come at the expense of other kids who are more talented, try harder or spend more time
practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they’re going to be guaranteed a
spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.
In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For
the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire are rewarded. The benefits can be
wonderful. But it’s good to be prepared when it doesn’t work out that way.
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1.What does the underlined word “blunt” probably mean?
A.Impatient.
B.Annoying.
C.Direct.
D.Serious.
2.The author believes that .
A.kids should learn how to face rejection in their life
B.people can live a life without being hurt
C.parents must help kids escape disappointment and failure
D.coaches need to ensure every student gets enough playing time
3.What probably motivated the author to write this passage?
A.Coaches’ mistaken beliefs about varsity teams.
B.Parents’ unrealistic views of kids’ playing time.
C.Children’s ignorance of the meaning of sports and life.
D.The public’s doubts about why kids need to play sports.
答案
[语篇解读] 很多父母会问教练自己的孩子为什么无法上场比赛,原因很简单——表现
不够好。孩子们无论在赛场上还是在生活中都应该学会去面对被拒绝。
1.C 推测词义题。根据画线词后一句“They are very skillful in not telling what you and I
would consider the ‘truth’.”可知,好的教练不会那么直接地告诉父母他们的孩子不好。
direct直接的。
2.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段可知,现在太多的孩子不知道如何处理失望和失
败,但没有人能在生活中不受伤害,他们可能会在申请大学时被拒绝,得不到他们想要的工
作,并在多个方面尝到失败和失望的滋味,所以作者认为孩子们在生活中应该学会如何面
对被拒绝。
3.B 推理判断题。文章从父母不理解为什么自己的孩子无法参与比赛展开,作者认为父
母的这种“我的孩子必须参与比赛”的观点非常不切实际(unrealistic),并由此发表了自
己的看法。
Passage 10
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Journal-based peer review—the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the
inspection of others who are experts in the same field—is generally held up as the quality
assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents
publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a
price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no.
I’m not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I’d still like to see all papers pass
some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The
growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer
reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research
publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and
built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the
motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.
Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But
the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-
cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up.
And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not
whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering
publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific
quality.
These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to
break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently—
fittingly, in a preprint—preprints may be a way out because they don’t involve a major shift
away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence
for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a
reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread
misunderstanding that journals won’t accept manuscripts which have been posted online as
preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the
floodgates to “junk science”—something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.
Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between
individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results—a vital aspect of
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the scientific process often ignored by the journals’ excessive preoccupation (关注) with new
discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read
and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility,
preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters—on the work itself, not where it is
published.
1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the popular opinion on peer review?
A.It limits the number of research works.
B.It ensures the quality of scientific papers.
C.It removes public doubts about publication.
D.It changes the process of scientific publishing.
2.The author may agree that scientific journals .
A.urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work
B.rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers
C.choose articles for their appeal over scientific value
D.try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field
3.What’s the author’s opinion on the growing use of preprints?
A.It will contribute to junk science.
B.It may end the practice of peer review.
C.It promotes the spread of research findings.
D.It improves the quality of scientific publication.
4.This is basically a passage to .
A.make comparison
B.confirm a concept
C.encourage innovation
D.propose a practice
答案
[语篇解读] 作者针对现在学术期刊发表文章不重视科学价值而更关注名气这一现象,
提出了一种做法——增加预印本。它有利于传阅者关注学术新发现并促进研究成果的
传播。
第 19 页 共 66 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Journal-based peer review...is generally held up as
the quality assurance mechanism for research.”可知,同行评审通常被认为是研究的质量保
证机制。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Publication in journals has become more about
fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.”可知,在
期刊上发表文章越来越注重名气,这既影响了作者的动机,也影响了审稿人的工作。这会
导致科学杂志在选择文章的时候更关注文章的吸引力而不是科学价值。
3.C 细节理解题。最后一段指出,预印本显著增加了其他人阅读和引用论文的次数。这
说明预印本促进了研究成果的传播。
4.D 主旨要义题。作者针对现在学术期刊发表文章不重视科学价值而更关注名气这一
现象,提出了一种做法(propose a practice)——增加预印本。它有利于传阅者关注学术新
发现并促进研究成果的传播。
Passage 11
I was at the March for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were about 70,000 other
scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth.
Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harm from science denial has only
increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some
epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism.
I’ve been out there talking to the science deniers, and I’ve asked my scientist friends to come
with me. “Those people just aren’t worth talking to,” they’ll say. “I wouldn’t make a
difference anyway.” That’s wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it
requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust.
To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse
on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations,
it’s not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a
questionable finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when
faced with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is
counterproductive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this
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idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to
target corrective information.
In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science deniers all draw on the
same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and
engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing flawed
techniques can contain the spread of misinformation.
So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice?
Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than
1,000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents’ concerns about
vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents’ children were 9% more likely to
receive all the vaccines on the schedule than those of uninterviewed parents whose babies
were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It’s the first time that I’ve
had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science
communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science
deniers don’t have a lack of information, but a lack of trust.
So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can
engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant in conversation. A protein biologist can coach an
aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shifting to
more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchanges. If you spend more time
asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the
explanations that you do offer.
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.The March for Science addressed online abuse.
B.The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial.
C.Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics.
D.The author’s friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers.
2.According to the passage, the “backfire effect” .
A.suggests caution before correcting others
B.emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals
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C.results from flawed reasoning techniques
D.enjoys wide support in the academic field
3.The last two paragraphs suggest that .
A.the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information
B.geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable
C.scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction
D.scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges
4.In writing this passage, the author aims to .
A.express concerns for misinformation
B.analyze the root cause of science denial
C.advocate employing technique rebuttal
D.present the problems scientists encounter
答案
[语篇解读] 文章提出了当面对科学否认者时,科学家应该如何更好地应对“逆火效
应”——采取技术反驳的措施。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句和第三句可知,科学家们拒绝对科学否认者的错误
观念进行反驳。且根据第五段第一句“In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be
effective.”可知,反驳实际上对于纠正科学否认者的错误观念是有效的。由此可知,B项
(科学家们的沉默会加剧科学否定的危害)符合文章内容。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第三句和第四句“Most often, their excuses are grounded
in the ‘backfire effect’, a questionable finding that people sometimes embrace
misconceptions more strongly when faced with corrective information, implying that pushing
back against falsehoods is counterproductive. Even the researchers whose results were
exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true
challenge is learning how best to target corrective information.”可知,“逆火效应”使人们在
面对错误观念被纠正的信息时,可能会更强烈地接受错误观念,而纠正错误观念的真正挑
战是选择怎样的方法来更好地纠正错误观念。由此可推知,“逆火效应”建议人们在纠正
他人错误观念之前要谨慎。故选A。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知,这两段内容是由文章倒数第三段提出
的问题“So how does ‘technique rebuttal’ work in practice?”引出的。由此可推知,文章最
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后两段的内容是在说明如何做好技术反驳——如果你花更多的时间提问而不是解释,人
们会更关注你的解释。因此C项(鼓励科学家在互动过程中仔细倾听并提出问题)符合文
章内容。
4.C 主旨要义题。分析全文内容可知,文章前四段提出一个现象:在应对科学否认者的
错误想法和观念时,科学家们选择沉默,而不是直接反驳,避免人们更坚定地接受错误观念;
第五段、第六段作者提出观点(反驳对遏制错误观念的传播是有效的)并提出问题(如何
才能做好技术反驳?);最后两段给了一些技术反驳的应用案例。由此可知,作者的目的是
提倡采用技术反驳的方式来反驳科学否认者们的错误观念,与C项表述一致。
Passage 12
In the USA, youth curfews (宵禁) are traditionally issued by a parent in the interest of
safety. This type of curfew is personal, and rightfully so. However, to stop teenagers
committing crimes, some officials have turned youth curfews from family decisions into
public laws.
The idea may have been thought to have good intentions. In practice, however, these policies
have been shown to be unfair and unconstitutional, according to the American Civil Liberties
Union(ACLU). In the town of Sumner, Washington, a father allowed his fourteen-year-old
son to go to a convenience store after 11:00 p.m. Sumner had adopted a curfew law that
prohibited people under the age of eighteen from being in public places past that hour. The
father was fined, and then he pursued a legal challenge against the town. The ACLU, which
filed the case on behalf of the father, claimed the curfew laws had violated (侵犯) parents’
rights. In the end, Sumner’s curfew laws were struck down.
But isn’t it irresponsible not to enforce a curfew on teenagers? Curfew laws supporters argue
that officials should provide a curfew to ensure teens are at home by a reasonable hour. The
risk of a serious accident is three times as high for drivers aged sixteen to nineteen as for
drivers over twenty. And dangers only increase at night. This indicates to some that a law
keeping teens off the road late at night is a positive safety measure. Still, the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) says that the best ways for drivers to
increase safety are by obeying the speed limit, wearing a seat belt, and paying attention.
NHTSA makes no mention of youth curfews making driving safer.
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In cities, curfew enforcement has been ineffective or even had a negative impact on
communities. Most crimes committed by teens actually happen around 3:00 p.m., right after
school. On non-school days, that time shifts to between 7:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. The curfew
hours, usually between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., occur at a time of day when teenage crime
is at its lowest. Meanwhile, violent crime reaches its peak around 10:00 p.m. for adults. When
law enforcement performs the teen curfew sweep, policemen are distracted from the more
serious violent crimes being committed by adults at that time. Also troubling is the racial
discrimination in cities with curfews. For example, recent data have found that in
Minneapolis, Minnesota, 56% of youths charged with breaking curfews were African
American. Other law enforcement department reports show similar problems. Curfew laws
are criticized because they are enforced in a racially discriminatory way.
The ACLU has succeeded in striking down at least one curfew law because of concerns over
parental rights. Along with other community and civil rights groups, it continues to pursue
other cases, arguing that curfew law enforcement can only increase tension and crime. To
arrest teens for driving home from the movies, playing basketball in the park, or simply
walking their dog is to punish them for being outside their homes—a policy inconsistent with
the individual rights established in the U.S. Constitution.
1.What is the author’s attitude towards legal curfews for teenagers?
A.Disapproving. B.Supportive.
C.Uncertain. D.Indifferent.
2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A.Reasonable curfew hours for teenagers.
B.The necessity of enforcing youth curfews.
C.Unwanted consequences of youth curfews.
D.The impact of youth curfews on adult crimes.
3.What can be inferred about the ACLU from the passage?
A.It helps people defend their individual rights.
B.It is in favor of enforcing a curfew on teenagers.
C.It stresses the responsibilities of parents to their children.
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D.It believes youth curfews are highly related to road safety.
4.From the passage we can learn that .
A.teenagers in the United States love their independence
B.enforcing youth curfews will lead to distrust of the policemen
C.legal curfews should exist only when parents are irresponsible
D.legal curfews violate individual liberties and may be canceled
答案
[语篇解读] 文章针对美国提出的宵禁法给出了各方的观点。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段的后两句“This type of curfew is personal, and rightfully
so. However, to stop teenagers committing crimes, some officials have turned youth curfews
from family decisions into public laws.”,第二段第一句“The idea may have been thought to
have good intentions.”以及最后一段内容可知,作者对青少年法定宵禁这一举措的态度是
消极、负面的,因此选择A项(不赞同的)。supportive支持的; uncertain不确定的;
indifferent漠不关心的。
2.C 主旨要义题。根据第四段第一句“In cities, curfew enforcement has been ineffective
or even had a negative impact on communities.”以及下文内容可知,执行宵禁的时间并不是
青少年犯罪的高发时段,却可能因执行宵禁搜查对阻止更严重的暴力罪行产生消极影响。
同时,在执行宵禁的城市,执行者可能会使用种族歧视的方式执行宵禁,这也会带来负面影
响。由此可知,第四段主要是在说青少年宵禁的不良后果,与C项表述一致。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“In practice, however, these policies have been
shown to be unfair and unconstitutional, according to the American Civil Liberties
Union(ACLU).”以及第二段中的例子可知,ACLU认为,青少年宵禁政策被证明是不公平
和违反宪法的,并且ACLU代表案例中的父亲提出诉讼:宵禁法侵犯了父母的权利。且根
据最后一段最后一句“To arrest teens for...a policy inconsistent with the individual rights
established in the U.S. Constitution.”可知,宵禁法与美国宪法相矛盾是因为其违反了宪法
中规定的个人权利。由此可推知,ACLU是一个帮助人们捍卫个人权利的组织,与A项表
述一致。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,ACLU因为捍卫父母的权利已经成功致使
Sumner的宵禁法被废除。且根据最后一段最后一句可知,宵禁法违反了宪法赋予的个人
权利。由此可推知,D项(宵禁法侵犯个人自由,并且可能会被取消)符合文章内容。
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Passage 13
In a classic episode of The Simpsons, Homer’s class reunion ends in shame when one of
Homer’s guilty secrets is exposed: he never graduated from high school. To get his diploma,
he must pass a science test. As he sits down to retake the exam, he holds one of his trademark
dialogues with his brain. “All right, brain. You don’t like me and I don’t like you. But let’s
just do this and I can get back to killing you with beer.”
Many a true word is spoken as a joke. Homer Simpson ’ s Everyman character really is an
Everyman. For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass
a science test feels too much like hard work. It is so much easier to quit and let the brain’s
autopilot take over.
And no wonder. Evolution has blessed the human brain with all kinds of mental shortcuts that
make life manageable. If we had to think about every action or weigh up every decision, we
would break down. As a result, certain ideas and modes of thinking come naturally to us, such
as effortless thinking.
But at huge cost. Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale
societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to
society. Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious
problems: terrorism, hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people
disengaging their critical thinking and going with their gut (非理性的) feeling.
Everybody is capable of gut feeling, but also of critical thinking. Both thinking styles are
needed to make the world go round. Unfortunately, the latter requires training that is
unavailable or unappealing to many people.
One of the bright spots in 2017 was the start of a movement called the March for Science.
Those who believe in the power of science need to keep on marching, or give more power to
people who don’t much like their own brains—or other people’s.
1.What does the author want to convey through Homer’s story?
A.Feeling is very important.
B.Drinking beer is harmful to one’s brain.
C.High school seniors should work hard.
D.Most people hate effortful thinking like Homer.
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2.How do you read between the lines of the underlined sentence according to the passage?
A.Most people would rather tell jokes than tell the truth.
B.Most people don’t want to toil through scientific tests.
C.Most people would love to have their brains controlled by a pilot.
D.Most people like Simpson’s ordinary character are willing to think simple.
3.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A.Our mental shortcuts function well.
B.Effortless thinking is expensive for people.
C.Effortless thinking is dangerous to society.
D.People prefer effortless thinking to critical thinking.
4.What does the author think of critical thinking?
A.It makes the world go round.
B.It needs necessary training.
C.It works fine at the level of personal affairs.
D.It leads to the March for Science in 2017.
5.What is the best title for the text?
A.Critical Thinking Is Urgently Needed
B.Effortless Thinking Is Out of Date
C.We Need to March Towards Science
D.Thinking Contributes to Social Problems
答案
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句话和第三句话可推知,作者想通过荷马的故事说明
大多数人像荷马一样讨厌费力思考。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句话和第三句话可推知,画线句子想要表达的意思是
“像荷马·辛普森一样平凡的人们都愿意简单地思考”。
3.C 主旨大意题。第四段中的第一句话是主题句,本段主要讲了毫不费力的思考对社会
是危险的。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句话可推知,作者认为批判性思维需要进行一些必
要的培训。
5.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段第三句话及第四段中的第三句话可知,本文主要介绍了现
在多数人不喜欢批判性思维,即理性思维,而当今世界一些严重问题的根源在于人们缺乏
第 27 页 共 66 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
理性思维。由此可知,A项“Critical Thinking Is Urgently Needed(批判性思维被迫切需
要)”适合作文章的最佳标题。
Passage 14
As parents, we want our children to reach their full academic potential. We read to them,
encourage their special talents, and support them when they have problems. If they choose to
participate in music or sports, we also help them reach their potential in those areas. These are
all good goals.
There is, however, an even more important goal. It is a goal more difficult than excellence in
arithmetic or soccer or the violin. Parents are responsible for providing their children with a
moral compass. They need to nurture and treasure goodness in their children. Every child has
the capacity to become a good, decent human being. To fulfill this capacity, children need the
guidance and support of parents and other adults. Raising good, moral children is the most
important job we will have.
What is a good, decent human being? While we may differ on some details, most would agree
that respect for others, kindness and caring, honesty and honor, and a reverence (尊敬) for life
are key. Good, decent human beings are people with a firm sense of direction and purpose—a
moral compass—to guide their lives. Children need our help to develop these characteristics
and values.
While most people try to act with honor and kindness, doing so consistently is difficult and
requires lifelong effort. Goodness is not easy for an adult and it is even more difficult for a
child. They do not have the knowledge, experiences, or cognitive skills to understand the
impact and consequences of their actions.
Reinforcement is sometimes an efficient approach to building positive behavior. The child
behaves in a desired way and the parents provide reinforcement. The behavior then typically
increases in frequency. This approach works for teaching “Please” and “Thank you”. The new
behavior is maintained, because it helps the child get along in the world.
Loving, everyday interactions are the beginning of raising moral children. The child who falls
and receives adult concern learns how to treat others kindly when they stumble (绊倒). The
child who makes a mistake and is encouraged to try again learns how to support others. When
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parents intercede (调解) graciously for their child, the child can see the basis for friendship.
When we treat children with respect and care, we provide a positive model of how to behave.
These early experiences establish patterns for their treatment of others.
1.What are adults supposed to do to make children become good, decent human beings?
A.To encourage their children to learn more about sports or music.
B.To help their children to develop their special talents.
C.To support their children when they have problems.
D.To reinforce positive behavior through everyday interactions.
2.Why is it difficult for a child to act with honor and kindness?
A.Because it is difficult for adults to do so.
B.Because a child is not mature enough to do so.
C.Because a child does not understand the abstract concept of “goodness”.
D.Because a child does not have a model to follow.
3.The author talks about teaching “Please” and “Thank you” to demonstrate that .
A.saying “Please” and “Thank you” is a good habit
B.politeness is the nature of a moral compass
C.politeness helps the child get along in the world
D.reinforcement is an efficient approach to building positive behavior
4.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A.To emphasize the importance of adults’ concern when a child falls.
B.To show how to guide children to develop friendship.
C.To explain why adults should treat children with respect and care.
D.To show how love and everyday interactions work in molding a moral child.
答案
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后三句话、第五段中的第一句话和最后一段中的
第一句话可知,父母应该通过日常交流来强化孩子的积极行为,去培养孩子的道德观,从而
使孩子成为品行良好的人。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后两句话可知,孩子们不成熟,他们没有知识、经
验和认知技能来理解他们的行为产生的影响和后果,这使得孩子们更难以善良的方式去
行事。
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3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的前三句话可知,强化有时是建立积极行为的有效
方法。然后下文提到“This approach works for teaching ‘Please’ and ‘Thank you’.”,作者
用教孩子说“Please”和“Thank you”作为例子来体现强化是建立积极行为的有效方法。
4.D 态度意图题。通读最后一段可知,第一句话是中心句。从第二句到倒数第二句作者
在举例说明家长如何在日常生活中培养孩子成为有道德的人。最后一句强调孩子的早
期经历教会孩子如何对待他人。由此可知,该段的目的是说明爱和日常互动如何让孩子
成为有道德的人。
Passage 15话题:打破文化壁垒 难度:中 词数:322
What could driving a race car and pointing a camera at the Milky Way have in common?
More than you might imagine. Race car driver Bubba Wallace and photographer Batak
Tefreshi journeyed together to remote Gooseberry Mesa for an adventure aimed at capturing
the night sky.
Gooseberry Mesa, far from population centers, is protected from the nighttime light pollution
making it perfect for star photographers. Natural night environments such as this are rare.
Camping, hiking, and shooting stars in mountainous Gooseberry Mesa highlight the similarity
between photography and racing. Bubba notes, “Once you fire up the engine there’s no
turning back—I know I’ll be in that seat for more than three hours.”Batak agrees.“I have the
same feeling as soon as I touch the wheel of my camera—I’m ready to continue through the
entire night.”For Bubba, developing patience allows him to mature as a driver and is equally
essential to Batak’s photography.
Seizing the moment is crucial too.“Every minute things are changing—the Earth’s shadow,
the moonlight, the rise of stars,”Batak explains.“If you lose the moment, it’s gone
forever.”Bubba finds the physical and mental demands of racing as crucial when travelling in
Utah’s rugged landscape under freezing temperatures.
Think incoming clouds, wind, or mist will ruin your chance of a perfect shot?According to
Batak,“With wide-angle nightscapes, every unexpected weather condition can be an
opportunity. Our photos show oranges and blues around the moon you wouldn’t see under a
clear sky.”
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The team discovered shared interests that go beyond photography.“We’re both passionate
about bringing cultures together and using our work to break down boundaries,”says
Batak.“The night sky has the unifying power. The sky connects the whole world under one
umbrella.”
1.Why did Bubba and Batak choose Gooseberry Mesa?
A.It has a small population.
B.It has ideal weather conditions.
C.It is free from light pollution.
D.It has a magnificent landscape.
2.Which is required in both car racing and photography?
A.Willpower. B.Teamwork.
C.Bravery. D.Creativity.
3.What does Batak think of unexpected weather as a photographer?
A.Annoying. B.Disastrous.
C.Favorable. D.Challenging.
4.Which may be a message behind the team’s photography work?
A.Appreciating the night sky.
B.Connecting various cultures.
C.Removing racial boundaries.
D.Protecting the environment.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,文章通过赛车手Bubba Wallace和摄影师Batak Tefreshi共
同捕捉夜空的做法介绍了赛车和摄影的相似之处,进而指出他们通过摄影工作打破文化
壁垒,实现文化的融合。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...far from population centers, is protected from the
nighttime light pollution making it perfect for star photographers.”可知,Gooseberry Mesa远
离光污染,对于拍摄夜空来说十分完美。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“...developing patience allows him to mature as a
driver and is equally essential to Batak’s photography.”可知,耐心对赛车和摄影来说同样重
要,由此推断willpower(毅力,意志力)是赛车和摄影都需要的。
第 31 页 共 66 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“every unexpected weather condition can be an
opportunity”可知,每一种意想不到的天气都可能是一个机会,由此推断Batak认为意想不
到的天气状况对于摄影者来说是有利的(favorable)。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“We’re both passionate about bringing cultures
together and using our work to break down boundaries”可知,他们希望能够打破文化壁垒,
实现文化的融合。
Passage 16 话题:社会服务 难度:中 词数:313
In Vietnamese, Ngan’s name means “star”, but she wasn’t able to smile brightly because
she was born with a cleft condition(唇腭裂).
Ngan’s family lives in a small, isolated village in southern Vietnam. Without help, her family
would never have been able to afford the reconstructive surgery that would change Ngan’s
life and give her a brighter future. But when Ngan’s parents heard that Operation Smile was
conducting a surgical mission in Danang, they did everything in their power to take Ngan
there for medical treatment. Ngan and her family travelled more than 200 miles for the chance
to give her a new smile. Ngan received life-changing surgery on her cleft lip and palate and
now, 10 years later, she is a happy, healthy, lively girl with a smile that shows it.
Before she had surgery, Ngan’s facial condition prevented her social engagement and even
her involvement in school. Now, with the confidence she gained from her new smile, Ngan
can reach her full potential.
Ngan’s parents said they had given up everything but hope before Operation Smile gave their
daughter the chance to see her dreams become a reality. “Many families in our province will
abandon their child if a baby is born with a cleft condition,” Ngan’s father said.
He never wants this to happen, knowing how incredible the transformation is with free
surgery through Operation Smile. Ngan’s parents now actively refer other families of children
born with cleft conditions to Operation Smile. They are determined to ensure that every child
has the opportunity for a brighter future, regardless of their appearances.
Operation Smile has provided safe surgery for those born with cleft conditions worldwide. If
you would like additional information, please visit www.operationsmile.org.uk, call 020 3475
5126 or write to Operation Smile UK, Genos House, Juniper Drive, London SW18 1FY.
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1.What do we know about Ngan?
A.She got seriously ill after she was born.
B.She was born physically-challenged.
C.She was abandoned by her parents.
D.She was always smiling brightly.
2.What is Operation Smile?
A.An organization aiming to help hopeless villagers.
B.An organization aiming to help children with a cleft condition.
C.An organization aiming to make children educated.
D.An organization aiming to do surgery for the poor.
3.Which of the following words can be used to describe Ngan’s parents?
A.Responsible. B.Conventional.
C.Experienced. D.Passive.
4.What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To explain what is a cleft lip.
B.To promote Operation Smile.
C.To introduce a girl with a cleft lip.
D.To call for donations for girls with cleft conditions.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了越南小女孩Ngan在Operation Smile组织
的帮助下,成功修复唇腭裂并融入社会生活的故事。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章首段“In Vietnamese, Ngan’s name means ‘star’, but she
wasn’t able to smile brightly because she was born with a cleft condition.”及第二段中的
“Ngan received life-changing surgery on her cleft lip and palate”可知,Ngan有着先天性身
体疾病——唇腭裂,这个疾病导致她无法欢快地笑,也就是说,她生来就有着生理缺陷。
2.B 细节理解题。根据全文对这一组织的介绍,尤其是最后一段中“Operation Smile
has provided safe surgery for those born with cleft conditions worldwide.”可知,这一组织旨
在帮助有唇腭裂的孩子。
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3.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“they did everything in their power to take Ngan there
for medical treatment”可知,Ngan的父母想尽一切办法给女儿治疗,由此推断Ngan的父母
是极为负责的(Responsible)。
4.B 推理判断题。全文前几段讲述了小女孩Ngan在Operation Smile组织的帮助下重
获笑容的故事,而倒数第二段则提及Ngan的父母积极推介这一组织,在文章最后一段,则
直接对Operation Smile组织做了正式介绍,由此推断文章是为了推介这一组织。
Passage 17 话题:生活与学习 难度:中 词数:224
“A positive attitude can be a gift to those around you,” said Jamie Long, a clinical
psychologist in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. “But it shouldn’t take the place of listening
thoughtfully to others’ experiences.”
“When you choose to look at situations from one positive angle, you are very likely to dismiss
a true experience,” Long explained. Even if you try to cheer up someone, ignoring someone’s
difficult experiences can leave them feeling they should hide negative feelings in the future.
As examples of “positive” responses that might destroy a friend’s ability to share their
feelings, Long listed “look for the silver lining” and “it could be worse”. Instead of trying to
find a positive angle, Long suggested using accepting phrases that communicate a willingness
to listen, and to share life’s difficult moments with the people you care about.
Still, the positive benefits of negative emotions may be best experienced in relatively small
doses(剂量). Lomas Quintero highlighted that appreciating the value of difficult feelings is all
about finding balance. “Any negative emotion can go too far or turn into a clinical issue,” he
said.
Long agreed. “There is an abundance of research that really touts(吹捧)the benefits of
positivity, and we’re not denying that,” Long said. “When you do so to an extreme, when you
dismiss truth, that’s where problems arise.”
1.What does Jamie Long advocate?
A.Taking a positive attitude to those around you.
B.Listening thoughtfully to others’ true experiences.
C.Choosing to look at situations from a positive angle.
D.Ignoring someone’s difficult experiences to cheer up.
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2.Why does the author mention “look for the silver lining” in paragraph 3?
A.To explain a rule.
B.To clarify a concept.
C.To give an example.
D.To make a comparison.
3.What is the author’s attitude to the benefits of negative emotions?
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.
C.Doubtful. D.Objective.
4.What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?
A.The benefits of positive emotions.
B.Clinical issues caused by negativity.
C.Experiencing some difficult feelings.
D.Keeping a balance between positivity and negativity.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了临床心理学家Jamie Long对消极情绪的好
处的看法,建议人们平衡积极和消极。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“But it shouldn’t take the place of listening thoughtfully
to others’ experiences.”可知Jamie Long提倡认真倾听他人的经历。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“As examples of‘positive’ responses that might destroy
a friend’s ability to share their feelings, Long listed‘look for the silver lining’and‘it could be
worse’.”可知,作者提到“寻找一线希望”是为了给出一个例子。
3.D 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了临床心理学家Jamie Long对消极情绪的好处的看法,
只是客观陈述,作者并没有发表自己的观点。由此推知,作者对消极情绪的好处持客观态
度。
4.D 主旨大意题。最后两段主要陈述要平衡积极和消极。故选D项。
Passage 18话题:环境保护 难度:中 词数:310
A herd of wild Asian elephants in Southwest China’s Yunnan Province has been away
from its home for two months, with its current direction of travel showing the animals have
no intention of returning. The elephants have attracted global attention after they advanced
about 500 km to the north from their original habitat in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous
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Prefecture(辖区) in the province to enter Kunming. It’s the furthest that a herd of wild
elephants from Xishuangbanna has ever travelled from its habitat.
As the herd has moved too far from its original habitat, and Yunnan has entered the rainy
season making it difficult to cross rivers, it is extremely unlikely that the herd will return to its
original habitat at any time soon, said Zhang Li, a field wildlife biologist and professor at
Beijing Normal University. “The best solution is to find a new and more suitable habitat for
the herd and guide them there, away from crowds, to reduce the possibility of human-elephant
conflict,” Zhang said.
Previously, it was supposed that wild elephants were leaving their habitat because the local
ecology had been damaged, but some experts pointed out that the migration of elephants
northward instead proved that Yunnan’s ecology has progressed in recent years.
“The range of Asian elephants in China had expanded from two prefectures and three
counties in the 1990s to three prefectures and 12 counties by the end of 2020, which also
indicates that the areas suitable for Asian elephants are increasing,” Chen Fei, director of the
Asian Elephant Research Center said.
Researchers have shown that wild animals undertake long-distance migration depending on
the connectivity of the landscape and environmental conditions. The Asian elephants were
able to reach Kunming unimpeded(无障碍的) because of the restored forests and farmland
along the way, Chen added.
1.What can we learn about the wild Asian elephants from paragraph 1?
A.They got lost on their way home.
B.They moved for a better living place.
C.They went to Kunming in search of food.
D.They kept heading north after leaving their home.
2.What is Zhang Li’s advice on helping the elephants?
A.To guide them to a better habitat.
B.To provide them with some local food.
C.To send them back to their original home.
D.To improve the local environment for them.
3.What can we learn from Chen Fei’s words?
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A.Asian elephants are losing their habitats.
B.More forests and farmland need to be restored.
C.The destruction of the local ecology is worsening.
D.The environment affects the migration of the Asian elephants.
4.What’s the author’s attitude to the migration of the elephants?
A.Pessimistic. B.Objective.
C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章讲述了云南一群野生亚洲象离开原来的自然栖息地,
向北迁徙以及专家对此的解释。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The elephants have attracted global attention after they
advanced about 500 km to the north from their original habitat”可知,这群野生亚洲象离开它
们原本的自然栖息地一路向北。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The best solution is to find a new and more suitable
habitat for the herd and guide them there”可知,张立认为最好的解决办法就是为这群大象
找到一个新的、更适合它们的栖息地,并引导它们迁徙到那里。
3.D 推理判断题。最后一段陈飞提到“Researchers have shown that wild animals
undertake long-distance migration depending on the connectivity of the landscape and
environmental conditions.”可知,陈飞认为环境影响这些亚洲象的迁徙。
4.B 推理判断题。文章陈述客观,字里行间没夹杂作者个人的观点和态度,故选B项。
Passage 19话题:人与自然 难度:中 词数:313
On Sunday, April 23, almost 50,000 athletes went to the streets to compete in the 2017
London Marathon. While few were able to get even close to the record of 2:05:48, none were
as slow as Tom Harrison, who crawled to the finish line, six days later, on April 30.
However, the Metropolitan Police officer, who was dressed in a gorilla (大猩猩) suit, had a
good reason for his slowness. He had completed the 26.2 miles on all fours to raise funds to
help gorilla conservation efforts in Africa. The 41-year-old who spent an average of 8—10
hours on his hands and knees, covered about 4.5 miles each day before crashing at his friend’s
house for the night. To prevent his knees from blistering (起泡), he switched from using his
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hands and knees to loping (大步跑) along on hands and feet and took breaks every 100 to 200
meters. But the arduous crawl was well worth it.
Harrison, who crossed the finish line at 11:45 am, has raised over ￡37,000, far more than his
original goal of ￡1,790, for the Gorilla Organization, whose efforts are mainly spent in
Rwanda, Uganda, and Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The much-needed funds will help train the communities near gorilla habitats to become more
self-sufficient and decrease their reliance on selling wildlife meat for a living. The money will
also help pay for ranger services to monitor excess hunting of the great apes. More
importantly, Harrison hopes his six-day crawl will highlight the bad situation of the gorillas,
whose numbers are decreasing at alarming rates, and encourage more people to help protect
them.
While thrilled at the outcome, Harrison, also known as Mr. Gorilla, is not done yet. He
intends to continue his fundraising efforts at the annual RideLondon cycling festival.
1.Why did Tom Harrison crawl to the finish line?
A.To improve his physical and mental health.
B.To collect money for the Gorilla Organization.
C.To advertise policies for the Metropolitan Police.
D.To win the title of the slowest marathon runner.
2.What does the underlined word “arduous” mean in paragraph 2?
A.Difficult. B.Funny.
C.Harmful. D.Attractive.
3.What is the Gorilla Organization intended for?
A.Helping protect habitats for endangered gorillas.
B.Conserving gorillas in some African countries.
C.Supervising and punishing illegal hunting of gorillas.
D.Making people aware of the bad situation of gorillas.
4.Which of the following can best describe Tom Harrison?
A.Strong. B.Diligent. C.Caring. D.Smart.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Tom Harrison通过穿着大猩猩服饰爬行
完成马拉松比赛来筹资帮助大猩猩。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“He had completed the 26.2 miles on all fours to
raise funds to help gorilla conservation efforts in Africa.”以及第三段“...has raised over
￡37,000...for the Gorilla Organization...”可知,Tom Harrison是通过爬行到终点线的举动
来吸引人们捐钱给大猩猩组织,从而为保护大猩猩贡献自己的力量。
2.A 推测词义题。根据画线词上文描述可知,Tom Harrison的爬行过程是非常艰辛的,
故选A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段可知,大猩猩组织主要是为了更好地保护非洲一
些国家的大猩猩。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,Tom Harrison爬行六天来筹资捐给大猩猩组织,由此推
断他是一个非常关爱野生动物的人。
Passage 20 话题:健康生活 难度:中 词数:333
Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, or
give you advice about why it’s vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast? It seems that
this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important?
The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast”—the idea of ending the period in which
we don’t eat during the night. The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep
consumes some of our natural food reserves. Breakfast gives us an opportunity to replenish
those reduced stores of things like protein and calcium. So, in that way, a healthy breakfast
makes sense.
There are also many often-quoted studies which seem to connect a state of being overweight
with not eating breakfast. In fact, many health experts advise a healthy breakfast to not only
control but also lose weight. In a US study, 50,000 people were monitored over seven years,
and those who ate a healthy breakfast were found to have a lower BMI (体重指数), which
seems to suggest that breakfast may indeed help people maintain a healthy weight.
But it might not be as simple as that. Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at
the University of Aberdeen, suggests those who do not have breakfast might be less aware of
healthy diets and nutrition, and people who eat breakfast might have a healthier lifestyle, such
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as exercising and not smoking. And he also points out that with the rise in popularity of
intermittent (间歇性的) fasting to lose weight, there may also be some benefits of not eating
breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure.
So, while breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal. It seems that a
healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important for many of us than just one
single meal.
1.Why does the author list the questions in the first paragraph?
A.To give a warning.
B.To offer some advice.
C.To introduce the topic.
D.To prove a certain fact.
2.What does the underlined word “replenish” mean in paragraph 2?
A.Set aside.
B.Manage without.
C.Make up for.
D.Run out of.
3.What conclusion can we draw from Johnstone’s research?
A.Skipping breakfast may do good to our health.
B.Those who eat breakfast can keep a lower BMI.
C.Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
D.Intermittent fasting contributes greatly to weight loss.
4.What does the author suggest we do at the end of the text?
A.Try new lifestyles.
B.Follow a balanced diet.
C.Pay more attention to breakfast.
D.Be aware of the benefits of each meal.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。研究表明,早餐对于健康有一定的意义,但更重要的是健康
的生活方式和均衡的饮食。
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1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段列举的问题及关键句“It seems that this meal, for
many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important?”可知,作者在
第一段列举问题是为了引出话题。
2.C 推测词义题。根据文章第二段中“The regeneration process that takes place while
we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves.”及下一句中“those reduced stores of
things like protein and calcium”可知,replenish与make up for意思相近,表示“补充,弥补”。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“there may also be some benefits of not eating
breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure”可知,从Johnstone
的研究中可知,不吃早餐也有一些好处。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a
balanced diet might be more important for many of us than just one single meal.”可知,作者
建议我们应该均衡饮食。
Passage 21 话题:生活与学习 难度:中 词数:298
When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Doctor Gibbs. He didn’t look like
any doctor I’d ever known. He never yelled at us for playing in his yard, and was always very
kind.
When Doctor Gibbs wasn’t saving lives, he was planting trees. He had some interesting
theories about planting trees. He hardly watered his new trees, which flew in the face of
conventional wisdom.
Once I asked why and he told me that watering plants spoiled them because it made them
grow weaker. He said he had to make things tough for the trees so that only the strongest
could survive. He talked about how watering trees made them develop shallow roots and how,
if they were not watered, trees would grow deep roots in search of water.
So, instead of watering his trees every morning, he’d beat them with a rolled-up newspaper. I
asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the trees’ attention.
Doctor Gibbs died a couple of years after I left home. Every now and then, I walked by his
house and looked at the trees that I’d watched him plant some 25 years ago. They were tall
and strong.
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Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. I often pray that their lives will be
easy. But lately I’ve been thinking that it’s time to change my prayer. I know my children are
going to encounter hardship. There’s always a cold wind blowing somewhere. What we need
to do is to pray for deep roots, so when the rains fall and the winds blow, we won’t be torn
apart.
1.What did the author think of Doctor Gibbs’s way of planting trees at first?
A.Perfect. B.Puzzling.
C.Amusing. D.Impractical.
2.What did Doctor Gibbs do to the trees he planted?
A.He let them grow quickly.
B.He beat them to get their attention.
C.He helped them search for water.
D.He read a newspaper near them.
3.Which of the following can best describe Doctor Gibbs?
A.Kind and wise.
B.Calm and brave.
C.Careful and ambitious.
D.Strict and devoted.
4.What does the author learn from Doctor Gibbs?
A.Elders are treasures.
B.Two heads are better than one.
C.A man without vision must have immediate suffering.
D.Only those who bear the most become the strongest.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过邻居Gibbs医生的种树理论所得
到的感悟。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He had some interesting theories about planting trees.”
以及第三段中“Once I asked why and he told me that watering plants spoiled them because
it made them grow weaker.”可推知, 作者开始时认为Gibbs医生的方法令人困惑。
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2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段“So, instead of watering his trees every morning, he’d beat
them with a rolled-up newspaper. I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the
trees’ attention.”可知,Gibbs医生击打树木来引起它们的注意。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第一段尾句“He never yelled at us for playing in his yard, and
was always very kind.(我们在他的院子里玩耍,他从不因此对我们大喊大叫,并且总是很和
蔼)”可推知,Gibbs医生是友好的;根据第三段中“He said he had to make things tough for
the trees so that only the strongest could survive.”可推知,他是睿智的。由此综合判断
Gibbs医生是友好和睿智的。
4.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Every now and then, I walked by his house and
looked at the trees that I’d watched him plant some 25 years ago. They were tall and strong.”
和最后一段中“I know my children are going to encounter hardship.”以及“What we need
to do is to pray for deep roots, so when the rains fall and the winds blow, we won’t be torn
apart.”可推知,作者从Gibbs医生那里学习到“只有那些承受最多的人才能成为最强的
人”。
Passage 22话题:社会热点 难度:难 词数:316
Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making the headlines quite
often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young
sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government
to cancel her voyage yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when
she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young
people.
The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But
such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals.Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers
vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be
determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults.
Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who
attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and
well-qualified adult supporters.
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But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as
Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to
encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good
enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams?
Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.
Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived(事先形
成的)views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long
for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses
individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can
achieve great things in cooperation with others.
1.Why is Jessica Watson mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.To praise Jessica’s great achievement.
B.To point out the media’s interest in young people.
C.To introduce a divided idea about young people’s adventures.
D.To show the Prime Minister’s attitude against the government.
2.What can be inferred about teenagers from the text?
A.They need support of responsible adults.
B.Their abilities vary with the level of independence.
C.They tend to make wrong decisions between 14 and 18.
D.Their attempts in dangerous journeys prove their lacking experience.
3.What does Jessica mean by calling herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”?
A.Dreams need encouragement.
B.Teenagers should have wild dreams.
C.Everyone would accomplish what Jessica has done.
D.Ordinary teens could also make great achievements.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards teenagers travelling alone?
A.Supportive. B.Doubtful.
C.Unconcerned. D.Sympathetic.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为
头条新闻。一个年轻人Jessica Watson被称为澳大利亚年轻人的英雄,对此各方有着不同
的看法。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“It seemed there is confusion about the
competence and independence of young people.”可知,对于Jessica Watson的冒险的行为很
多人的看法不一。文章以这个例子为下文人们对年轻人冒险行为的不同看法进行铺垫。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的关键信息“but by discussion with the related,
responsible adults”和“by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult
supporters”可知,青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea
can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great
achievements are beyond them.”可知,Jessica Watson把自己称为一个有梦想的普通女孩子
的目的是想鼓励其他青少年像她一样去做出巨大的成就。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing
overstresses individualism.”(事实上,我认为单人航海的例子过于强调个人主义)可知,作者
觉得独自一人航行太过于强调个人主义。因此作者对此类行为持“质疑”的态度。
Passage 23 话题:环境保护 难度:难 词数:365
Hardware in general, and smartphones in particular, have become a huge environmental
and health problem in the Global South’s landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).
Electronic waste (e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste, and it is set to
increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone, laptop and power bank. They
end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts of Ghana’s capital, Accra. It is the biggest
e-waste dump in the world, where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned
goods as part of an informal recycling process. They risk their health searching for the
precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.
But Agbogbloshie should not exist. The Basel Convention, a 1989 treaty, aims to prevent
developed nations’ unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries. The e-
waste industry, however, circumvents the regulations by exporting e-waste labelled as
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“secondhand goods” to poor countries like Ghana, knowing full well that it is heading for a
landfill site.
A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is
not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury(水银), lead and even arsenic (砷).
Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certain chemical
which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that’s about 220 times
greater than a limit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly, these
poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should
concern us all, since some of Ghana’s top exports are cocoa and nuts.
Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers’ waste. For
example, Germany has started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system in
Agbogbloshie, along with a health clinic for workers. However, governments cannot solve the
problem alone, as there is almost limitless consumer demand for hardware, especially when
governments’ green policies are focused on issues like climate change.
Only the manufacturers can fix this. A more economically sustainable and politically possible
solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and
recycling of hardware profitable, or at least cost-neutral.
1.What can we infer from paragraph 2?
A.Electronic products need improving urgently.
B.Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycled.
C.Electronic waste requires more landfill sites across Ghana.
D.Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie.
2.What does the underlined word “circumvents” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Tightens. B.Abolishes.
C.Avoids. D.Follows.
3.What should be the biggest concern according to the text?
A.The violation of EFSA’s standard.
B.The lack of diversity in Ghana’s exports.
C.The damage to chickens’ immune system.
D.The threat of polluted food around the world.
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4.What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?
A.Manufacturers’ developing a sustainable hardware economy.
B.Governments’ adjusting their green policies on e-waste.
C.Reducing customers’ demands for electronic products.
D.Letting governments take on the main responsibility.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子垃圾虽被掩埋在发展中国家,但已成
为危害全人类的公敌,因此政府和制造商都应该作出努力减少电子垃圾污染。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Electronic waste(e-waste)currently takes up 5 percent
of all global waste, and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one
smartphone, laptop and power bank. They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on the outskirts
of Ghana’s capital, Accra.可推知,随着电子垃圾的快速增长, Agbogbloshie地区的电子污
染成了一个严峻的问题。
2.C 推测词义题。结合上下文可知,画线词所在的句子意思是电子垃圾行业打着向发展
中国家出口“二手商品”的幌子将电子垃圾转移到发展中国家来避开《巴塞尔公约》
的规定,可推知画线词的意思为“规避”。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Most worryingly, these poisonous chemicals are free
to pollute the broader soil and water system. This should concern us all, since some of
Ghana’s top exports are cocoa and nuts.可知,加纳对外大量出口可可粉和坚果,所以全球都
会受到被污染食物的威胁。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为解决电子垃圾问题的关键在于生产商,
他们应该遵守可持续发展的原则,为维修、回收利用硬件扫除障碍。
Passage 24 话题:科学与技术 难度:中 词数:308
You have probably read that robots replacing human labor as a new era of automation
takes root in one industry after another. But a new report suggests humans are not the only
ones who might lose their jobs.
In New Zealand, farmers are using drones(无人机) to herd and monitor cows and sheep,
taking up a position that highly intelligent dogs have held for more than a century. The robots
have not replaced the dogs entirely, Radio New Zealand reports, but they have
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appropriated(盗用) one of the animal’s most powerful tools: barking. The DJI Mavic 2
Enterprise, a $2,000 drone favored by farmers, has a feature that lets the machine record
sounds and play them over a loudspeaker, giving the machine the ability to act as the dogs.
Corey Lambeth, a shepherd on a farm, told RNZ the machines are surprisingly effective.
“That’s the one thing I’ve noticed when you’re moving cows that the old cows stand up to the
dogs, but with the drones, they’ve never done that,” he said, noting the drones move cows
faster, with less stress, than the dogs do.
The drones come in handy for more than just herding cows and sheep. The robots allow
farmers to monitor their land from afar, monitoring water and feed levels and checking on the
animals’ health without disturbing them. Jason Rentoul told RNZ that a two-hour herding job
that used to require two people and two teams of dogs could be accomplished in 45 minutes
using a single drone. “Being on a hilly farm where a lot of stuff is done on foot, the drones
really save a lot of man-hours,” he said.
For now, farmers say, there is still a need for herding dogs, primarily because they have a
longer lifespan than drones, can work in bad weather and do not require an electrical socket
every few hours to recharge.
1.What is the main advantage of the drones over herding dogs?
A.The drones can take up a job that the dogs hardly do well any longer.
B.The drones can frighten the old cows which are not afraid of the dogs.
C.The drones can finish a herding job more efficiently than the dogs.
D.The drones can work on a hilly farm and in extreme weather while the dogs can’t.
2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Herding dogs will gradually lose their position on the farm.
B.The drones can only copy the dogs’ barking with the current technology.
C.The drones are multi-functional and leave the animals undisturbed.
D.The market for the DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise is pretty small because of its high price.
3.According to the passage, why can’t the drones replace the dogs entirely?
A.Because the drones can’t bark as loudly as the dogs do.
B.Because cows are not used to seeing the drones.
C.Because the drones are much more expensive than the animals.
D.Because the drones’ power is limited and they need charging from time to time.
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4.What is the author’s attitude towards the drones in the passage?
A.Supportive. B.Objective.
C.Critical. D.Doubtful.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章以新西兰的农民用无人机代替牧羊犬来放牧牛羊说明
了无人机的优点,但其本身也存在不足之处。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二至第四段的内容可知,与牧羊犬相比,无人机的主要优
势是它们能更高效地完成放牧任务。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段前两句可知,无人机是多功能的,可以在不干扰动物
的情况下工作。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知,无人机不能完全代替牧羊犬是因为无人机的
能量有限,它们需要不时地充电。
4.B 推理判断题。文章中作者不仅说明了无人机在帮助农民放牧和监视牛羊方面存在
的优势,也点出了其能量有限,需要不时地充电和在恶劣天气下不便工作的缺点。由此可
知,作者对无人机的态度是客观的。
Passage 25 话题:生活与学习 难度:中 词数:267
Watching humorous videos on the Internet at work isn’t always a waste of time.
According to Ruby Nadler, a Ph.D. student at the University of Western Ontario, “Generally,
a positive mood has been found to enhance creative problem-solving and flexible yet careful
thinking.” She and her colleagues published new research in Psychological Science.
Students in the study were put into various moods before being given a category learning
assignment to complete (they learned to classify sets of pictures with visually complex
patterns). The researchers used music and video clips to alter people’s moods; initially, they
tested out a few to see which ones made individuals the happiest and saddest. The happiest
music was a cheerful Mozart composition, while the happiest video was a newborn laughing.
The researchers then used them in the experiment, along with sad music and video (a piece of
music from Schindler’s List and a news report about an earthquake) and music and video that
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had no effect on the mood. People were required to learn to detect a pattern after listening to
the music and seeing the video. Volunteers who were happy were better at learning a rule to
categorize the patterns than those who were sad or indifferent.
“If you have a project where you want to think innovatively, or you have a problem to
carefully consider, being in a positive mood can help you to do that,” Nadler says. And
listening to music is a simple method to put yourself in a good mood. Everyone responds to
various types of music, so don’t feel it a must to switch to Mozart, she adds.
1.What is the research about?
A.The effects of humorous videos.
B.Positive moods and creative thinking.
C.Ways to solve creative problems.
D.Types of learning.
2.What were the volunteers required to do at last in the research?
A.Experience various moods.
B.Decide which music made them the happiest and saddest.
C.Classify pictures with complex patterns.
D.Listen to the music and see the video.
3.How did the researchers draw the conclusion?
A.By making comparisons.
B.By giving examples.
C.By making explanations.
D.By making classifications.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.Mozart is a better choice than other types of music.
B.Classic music is the easiest way to make people happy.
C.You can’t think innovatively being in a bad mood.
D.Listening to happy music can enhance creative thinking.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章主要说明了西安大略大学的博士生Ruby Nadler和她
的同事发表的一项研究——积极的情绪能促进创造性思维。
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1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘Generally, a positive mood has been found to
enhance creative problem-solving and flexible yet careful thinking.’She and her colleagues
published new research in Psychological Science.”可知,这项研究是关于积极的情绪和创造
性思维的。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“they learned to classify sets of pictures with visually
complex patterns”以及第三段中“People were required to learn to detect a pattern after
listening to the music and seeing the video.”可知,志愿者们最后需要对图案复杂的图片进
行分类。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The researchers used music and video clips to alter
people’s moods; initially, they tested out a few to see which ones made individuals the
happiest and saddest.”以及第三段中“The researchers then used them in the experiment,
along with sad music and video...and music and video that had no effect on the mood.”可知,
研究人员们是通过比较来进行研究,得出研究结果的。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段可知听欢快的音乐可以让人心情愉快,从而
促进创造性思维。
Passage 26 话题:环境保护 难度:中 词数:297
A new survey method is invented to count wild species. African elephants are the first
animals to be successfully counted from space while moving through a complicated landscape
that ranges from open grasses to forests.
Typically, conservationists do this from low-flying planes in order to count and monitor
African elephants, a method that takes many hours. With the new technique that combines
satellite imagery with artificial intelligence, up to 3,100 square miles can be surveyed on a
single blue-sky day in minutes. Then, the deep-learning computer analyzes those images and
pick out individual elephants.
The new technique is a key part of ensuring the survival of the endangered species. Due to
illegal hunting and habitat destruction, just 415,000 African elephants are living in the wild.
“Accurate monitoring is essential if we’re to save the species,” said Olga Isupova, a computer
scientist at the University of Bath in the UK. “We need to know where the animals are and
how many there are.”
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What really makes this study stand apart from other satellite-tracking projects is how
successful the computer program is at picking out the elephants from their complex
backgrounds, including grasslands and partially tree-covered landscapes. Satellite imagery is
also a much more efficient survey method than the current flyover surveys carried out, which
is faster and avoids double-counting the same elephants. The remote survey also reduces the
impact researchers have on the animals and allows them to count individuals moving between
countries.
“Although this is a proof of concept, it’s ready to go,” said Professor Duporge, a zoologist at
the Oxford University. “And conservation organizations are already interested in using this to
replace surveys using aircraft. As satellite imaging improves, other smaller species may soon
be able to be counted in greater detail from space too.”
1.What are used in the new study method?
A.AI and surveys.
B.Satellites and aircraft.
C.Planes and computers.
D.Satellites and computers.
2.What leads to the reduction of wild elephants?
A.Climate change.
B.Political activities.
C.Environmental threat.
D.Social improvement.
3.What is the advantage of the new method comparing to the old?
A.Less money.
B.More accurate.
C.Less workers.
D.More complex.
4.What is Duporge’s attitude towards the new method?
A.Worried. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种新的计算野生物种的调查方法。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With the new technique that combines satellite imagery
with artificial intelligence...the deep-learning computer analyzes those images and pick out
individual elephants.”可知,在新的研究方法中使用了卫星和计算机。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Due to illegal hunting and habitat destruction, just
415,000 African elephants are living in the wild.”可知,环境的威胁导致了野生大象的减少。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“What really makes this study stand apart from other
satellite-tracking projects is how successful the computer program is at picking out the
elephants from their complex backgrounds, including grasslands and partially tree-covered
landscapes.”可知,这种新的研究方法区别于以往的研究方法,最突出的优势就是更加精准。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As satellite imaging improves, other smaller species
may soon be able to be counted in greater detail from space too.”可知,Duporge对于这种新
的研究方法的态度是积极乐观的。
Passage 27 话题:健康生活 难度:中 词数:288
Over half of Canadian youth and young adults who have consumed energy drinks have
experienced negative health effects as a result, according to a study from the University of
Waterloo.
In a nationwide survey of Canadian youth, over half of those who had ever consumed an
energy drink had reported experiencing a negative health event. Currently, Canadian
legislation prohibits energy drinks from being marketed to children and energy drinks are not
recommended to be used by people participating in sporting activities.
“Most risk assessments to date have used coffee as the reference for estimating the health
effects of energy drinks. However, it is clear that these products cause a greater health risk,”
said David Hammond, a professor in the School of Public Health at the University of
Waterloo. “The health effects from energy drinks could be due to the different ingredients
than coffee, or the ways in which they consumed, including with alcohol or during physical
activity. Regardless, the findings suggest a need to increase monitoring of health effects from
these products.”
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In conducting the study, the researchers surveyed 2,055 young Canadians aged 12 to 24.Of
those who had reported consuming energy drinks at some point in their lives, 55.4 percent
reported experiencing a negative health event. Of those reporting negative health events, 24.7
percent reported experiencing a fast heartbeat, 24.1 percent reported difficulty sleeping and
18.3 percent reported experiencing headaches.
“The number of health effects observed in our study suggests that more should be done to
restrict consumption among children and youth,” said Hammond. “At the moment, there are
no restrictions on children purchasing energy drinks, and they are marketed at the point of
sale in grocery stores, as well as advertising that targets children.”
1.Who are forbidden to take energy drinks in Canada?
A.Children. B.Athletes.
C.Old people. D.Healthy people.
2.What makes energy drinks have negative effects?
A.The different ingredients in them.
B.The coffee contained in them.
C.The quantity consumed at a time.
D.The place where they are consumed.
3.What writing skill is used in paragraph 4?
A.Comparing results.
B.Listing figures.
C.Giving examples.
D.Raising questions.
4.What can we infer from Hammond’s words in the last paragraph?
A.It is illegal for children to buy energy drinks.
B.Energy drinks are sold only in grocery stores.
C.Some child actors advertise energy drinks.
D.It’s a long way to ban children from energy drinks.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章用数据说明了能量饮料对青少年的健康造成的负面影
响。
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1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Currently, Canadian legislation prohibits energy drinks
from being marketed to children”可知,加拿大禁止向儿童销售能量饮料。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The health effects from energy drinks could be due to
the different ingredients than coffee”可知能量饮料对健康有负面影响是因为含有不同的
成分。
3.B 推理判断题。第四段列举了大量数据来说明能量饮料带来的负面影响。故选B项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The number of health effects observed in our study
suggests that more should be done to restrict consumption among children and youth”和“At
the moment, there are no restrictions on children purchasing energy drinks”可知,要想禁止儿
童和青少年喝能量饮料,还有许多工作要做。
Passage 28 话题:科学与技术 难度:中 词数:294
Researchers have been looking into silicon carbide(碳化硅),a promising alternative
material for the semiconductor(半导体)industry, for several years now. Size, weight and
efficiency are three important factors for power electronics to fit in e-cars. Silicon carbide
meets all three factors. It is more efficient but leaves a smaller footprint than conventional
semiconductors such as silicon.
Even so, silicon carbide isn’t to be found in any e-cars on the road today. This semiconductor
material is still limited to research labs. To shift it from the lab to the factory, the Silicon
Carbide Module(模块)project has taken into consideration all the conditions of industrial
production. The module’s design is a good case: researchers at Fraunhofer IZM are basing it
on the structure of the classic printed circuit board that the industry has long favored. This
should speed up its first display.
The module is also benefiting from the latest scientific advances. Instead of wire-bonding the
semiconductor to the package, the researchers decided to put it directly in the circuit. The
team also brought the potential customer on board for this development effort. In the project’s
first year,they drew up a specification(规格)sheet illustrating the requirements for the module
and semiconductor. The researchers worked closely with users, catering to their wishes when
they determined the product specification.
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Automakers, component suppliers and OEMs were directly involved in the effort to map out
the power-electronic module’s size, layout and electrical circuits. The group sought to make
the most of the space available in the vehicle’s power train. Lars Bottcher, group leader at
Fraunhofer IZM and head of the SiC subproject, says, “The major goal is to advance the new
semiconductor material silicon carbide to mass production.”
1.What do we know about silicon carbide?
A.It is larger than silicon.
B.It is still under research.
C.It has been used in some e-cars.
D.It has been shifted to the factory.
2.Why did researchers bring the potential customer?
A.To draw up a formal agreement.
B.To adjust the module accordingly.
C.To witness their effort and success.
D.To wire-bond the semiconductor to the package.
3.What was the main purpose of the group according to the last paragraph?
A.To mass-produce silicon carbide.
B.To change the shape of the module.
C.To increase the volume of the module.
D.To expand the production of powered vehicles.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the research?
A.Optimistic. B.Tolerant.
C.Doubtful. D.Indifferent.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了新型的半导体材料碳化硅的研发情况。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“This semiconductor material is still limited to research
labs.”可知,这种半导体材料仍在研究中。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段可以推测,研究者邀请潜在客户参与是为了满足客户需求,
对这一模块作出相应调整。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The major goal is to advance the new semiconductor
material silicon carbide to mass production.”可知,这个团队的主要目的是量产碳化硅。
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4.A 推理判断题。根据全文,尤其是第一段的“Researchers have been looking into
silicon carbide, a promising alternative material for the semiconductor industry, for several
years now.”和第三段的“The module is also benefiting from the latest scientific advances.”
可知,作者对该研究是持乐观态度的。
Passage 29话题:科学与技术 难度:难 词数:377
Singapore uses about two billion liters of water every day—a number it expects could
double in the next four decades.
That kind of consumption is adding pressure to the Asian city state to address growing
concerns about global water shortage. So it’s building new technology to prepare itself for a
future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult. “Singapore truly has become a
global water center,”said Shane Snyder, executive director of Nanyang Environment & Water
Research Institute at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University. “But as it stands, it
imports approximately 40% of its water today. And with climate change, that water has
become far less dependable.”
Singapore, meanwhile, is home to more than five million people and is covered in fountains,
reservoirs and other water features—including the world’s tallest indoor waterfall that pumps
about 45,000 liters of water per minute. But it has no natural water sources of its own, instead
relying heavily on recycled water and imports from its neighbors.
Snyder’s research facility is one of several places developing solutions for Singapore’s water
dependency. The hope is to create projects that could be used across the city. “What we have
become used to as reliable water may quickly change—so we have to be prepared, and we
have to be thinking about the basic facilities in advance,” Snyder said. “There’s a big drive to
become water independent—to control our own future—and that is largely dependent on the
technologies we’re developing.”
Another company, Wateroam, is already taking innovation from Singapore to the rest of the
region. Founded in 2014,Wateroam says it has developed a lightweight, portable filtration(过
滤)device that has already provided clean drinking water to more than 75,000 people across
Southeast Asia. Wateroam CEO David Pong said one of the most innovative aspects of the
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product is its simplicity. The water filtration device is no bigger than a bicycle pump, yet it
can provide clean water to villages of 100 people for up to two years.
“We’ve been very blessed to have access to clean drinking water,” Pong said. It’s necessary
to bring the privilege to the rest of the region, and advocate that clean water is an essential
aspect for life on Earth, according to him.
1.What worsens the water shortage problem in Singapore?
A.More water imports.
B.The lack of technology.
C.The increasing population.
D.Double water consumption.
2.How can water crisis in Singapore be eased?
A.Searching for natural water sources.
B.Controlling the increase of population.
C.Importing water from more neighbors.
D.Using technologies to provide clean water.
3.What do we know about the filtration device from Paragraph 5?
A.It is easy to carry and use.
B.It is larger than a bicycle pump.
C.It has already been used across Asia.
D.It has already been in use for two years.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A.Clean water is an essential aspect for life on Earth.
B.Technology can help Singapore out with its water shortage.
C.The increasing water consumption is adding pressure to Singapore.
D.Singapore’s filtration device has provided many people with clean water.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了科技可以帮助新加坡解决缺水问题。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Singapore uses about two billion liters of water every day
—a number it expects could double in the next four decades.”以及第二段中“That kind of
consumption is adding pressure to the Asian city state to address growing concerns about
global water shortage.”可知,耗水量加倍使新加坡的缺水问题恶化。
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2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“So it’s building new technology to prepare itself for a
future where obtaining clean water will be even more difficult.”可知,可利用技术来缓解新
加坡的水危机。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段中“it has developed a lightweight, portable filtration
device”和“one of the most innovative aspects of the product is its simplicity”可知,该过滤
装置便于携带和使用。
4.B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了科技可以帮助新加坡解决缺水问题。故选B项。
Passage 30话题:积极的生活态度 难度:中 词数:422
My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, “She may not be
up to what we’re trying to accomplish.” He was really saying she didn’t have the intelligence.
I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was
failing in school. We had her tested. I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the
troubles she was having were exactly what I had had—dyslexia. By then I was a successful
television writer, and had won an Emmy Award for The Rockford Files.
If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was a low
achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and
writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me, because I did badly
in all my courses.
I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A, “How long did you study for this?” He
said, “I didn’t. I just glanced at it.” So he must be smarter. I began to ask, “What will happen
to me when I’m not good at anything?” Despite my doubts, I did become successful, and
people now say to me, “So you’ve overcome dyslexia.”
No. I don’t overcome it, I learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are very hard for me.
Most people read twice as fast as I do. I avoid dialing a number if I can, because I sometimes
have to try three times to get the number right.
Despite my weaknesses, I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse (诅咒). Many dyslexics are
good at right-brain, abstract thought, and that’s what my kind of creative writing is. And I can
write quickly, and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is my strength.
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The real fear I have for dyslexic children is not that they have to struggle in school, but that
they will quit themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create victories for
them, whether it’s music, sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child able to say, “Yeah,
reading is hard. But I have other things I can do.”
1.The writer decided to get himself tested as well because he .
A.wanted to know if they had the same problem
B.didn’t believe his daughter had the problem
C.had to take a regular medical examination
D.accepted that his daughter was not smart
2.We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer .
A.struggled and got better grades
B.didn’t work hard when he was young
C.was praised for overcoming dyslexia
D.was thankful not knowing of dyslexia earlier
3.According to the passage, a dyslexic person .
A.is less intelligent
B.always fails in school
C.reads more slowly than normal people
D.performs worse in left-brain activities
4.What can we learn from the story?
A.Clumsy birds have to start flying early.
B.God shuts one door but opens another.
C.Never judge a person by his appearance.
D.No one can make a good coat with bad cloth.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。作者有诵读困难,但是作者通过自己的努力成为一位成功
的电视剧作家,并获得了艾美奖。作者认为诵读困难不是诅咒,而是礼物。上帝给你关上
一扇门的同时必然会为你打开一扇窗。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的We had her tested. I decided to get myself tested as well,
and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had—dyslexia.可知,作者
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和女儿都做了检查,发现自己曾经和女儿有一样的问题——诵读困难。因此,作者决定自
己也做检查是因为他想要知道女儿是否和他有同样的问题。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的If I had known earlier that something beyond my control
could explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and
early 30s.(如果我早些时候知道某件超出我控制范围的事情可以解释为什么我是一个成
绩平庸的人,我可能不会在20多岁和30岁出头的时候那么努力)可知,作者感激没有早知
道自己有诵读困难。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段的Most people read twice as fast as I do.可知,一个诵读困
难的人读得比正常人慢。
4.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知作者认为诵读困难是一种礼物,而不是诅咒。许
多诵读困难者擅长右脑和抽象思维,再结合作者自身例子可推断,上帝给你关上一扇门的
同时必然会为你打开一扇窗。
Passage 31 话题:环境保护 难度:中 词数:343
One of the costs of being a lover of old trees is the all-too-frequent loss of a beautiful
soul you ’ ve grown fond of . Last summer was harder than most for old trees and their human
supporters. The spring’s nonstop rain flooded soils and caused root systems of many large,
old trees to rot in part. Then, when the summer came, trees could not tap deep sources of
water that would normally have maintained them. Many valuable old trees died.
When I volunteered on the Mount Rainier Tree Commission, I heard from many people
concerned about their trees. We had little to offer them. That’s because public and private
urban tree resources and programs were aimed almost entirely at planting trees and not at all
maintaining trees. No state or province program that I could find provided any financial
resources for maintaining tree health. Small and under-resourced cities such as ours were on
their own.
This is backward. Scientists are learning that large, old trees are the most valuable, especially
in cities. They put on wood fastest and take the most carbon out of the air. They harbor the
most wildlife. They can lower summer temperatures by 20 degrees or more. In a recent study,
researchers found that Boston would get more benefit from keeping the trees it has alive than
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from planting new trees. There’s the reason to think this finding would apply in other cities,
too.
Now, our public and private tree programs often ignore old trees until it is too late. As long as
we abandon our old trees, planting more is merely to keep pace with growing losses. We want
trees to help protect us, but we leave them unprotected. Consider this in the human world:
Nobody would send a baby into the world and expect it to just make it. Children need care
and it’s why we have schools and child health-insurance programs. We could get so much
more out of our trees if we just put a little more into them.
1.What does the underlined part in paragraph 1 suggest?
A.Strong determination to plant trees.
B.Real regret at growing old trees.
C.Great concern about tree problems.
D.Deep love for valuable old trees.
2.Why was the author almost powerless to help people worried about their trees?
A.The urban tree programs were faced with financial problems.
B.The author’s knowledge of maintaining tree health was limited.
C.The focus of the tree resources and programs was on tree planting.
D.The organization the author volunteered on was short of tree experts.
3.The author argues in paragraph 3 by .
A.comparing different cases
B.presenting research findings
C.referring to scientists’ sayings
D.carrying out some experiments
4.Why does the author give the example of nursing babies in the end?
A.To stress the importance of tree insurance programs.
B.To show the close connection between trees and babies.
C.To advocate protecting trees as humans care for babies.
D.To persuade human beings to pay more attention to babies.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一些古树因缺乏保护而死去,作者提倡保
护树木,这样才能从树木身上获取更多的益处。
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1.D 推测词义题。根据第一段中的Last summer was harder than most for old trees and
their human supporters...Many valuable old trees died.可知,去年夏天对于古树和古树爱好
者来说都很艰难,因为许多古树死掉了。由此可以推断画线处主要描述的是古树爱好者
对古树的爱。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知,作者无力帮助担心树木的人们是因为树木资
源和计划针对的是植树。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的Scientists are learning that...In a recent study,
researchers found that...可知,本段是通过提出调查结果来进行论证的。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Consider this in the human world: Nobody would
send a baby into the world and expect it to just make it. Children need care and it’s why we
have schools and child health-insurance programs. We could get so much more out of our
trees if we just put a little more into them.可知,作者是在呼吁人们要关心和保护树木。
Passage 32 话题:科学与技术 难度:中 词数:271
Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as
much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200%
more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money.
There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not
use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides(杀虫剂). In many countries organic food has
special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural.
Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic
farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply.
Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren’t enough organic
ingredients, such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to
stay in business. Today, many large companies have an organic line of products.
Is organic food more nutritious?This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers
believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems such as cancer. Many
health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic food prevents health problems.
Health specialists worry more about bacteria(细菌), such as E. coli and salmonella. These can
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get into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce
very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too.
Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra
money?This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research.
However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry.
1.What is probably the major concern of organic food consumers?
A.Price. B.Safety. C.Freshness. D.Variety.
2.What is the doctors’ suggestion?
A.Grow your own food.
B.Reduce the use of pesticides.
C.Make sure the food is clean.
D.Buy large companies’ products.
3.Which of the following do most people agree on organic food?
A.It tastes better. B.It is easier to grow.
C.It contains more fat. D.It is more nutritious.
4.Where does this text probably come from?
A.A recipe book.
B.A chemistry paper.
C.A medical report.
D.A health magazine.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,讲了对有机食品的不同看法。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知有机农场不使用农业化学品以保证它的产品是
天然的。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Doctors recommend washing produce very
carefully.可知,医生建议认真清洗农产品,确保食品是干净的。
3.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句话可知,大部分人认为有机食品口感更好。
4.D 推理判断题。本文说明了对有机食品的不同看法,与健康相关,故选D项。
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Passage 33 话题:科学与技术 难度:难 词数:330
Hybrid cars, also called hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs), are cars that use more than one
source of energy to run. They differ from the majority of cars on the road today in several
ways. The main difference is that HEVs run on gasoline and electricity. An HEV has a
battery-powered motor as well as an engine that runs on gasoline.
A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car even though its engine
is smaller. The reason for the greater expense is that the engine is more complex. It has
specialized mechanisms that allow it to operate using gasoline and electric power. It also
contains a computer that works differently from those of regular cars. Even though it is more
expensive to purchase, it costs less to own than gas-powered cars. When an HEV is at a
stoplight or going at a speed below 15 miles per hour, its special computer tells it to run just
on electric power. When the computer senses that the car needs more power, it puts the
gasoline engine back to work. The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use
electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.
Because the HEV has electric power to help it run, it uses much less fuel than most cars. They
can get from 50 to 60 miles per gallon on average. The high mileage saves money for the car
owner and conserves precious supplies of petroleum. Hybrid cars help the environment in
other ways, too. For example, when the HEV is using electric power, it does not send out
poisonous smoke that pollutes the air.
Despite the differences between hybrid cars and regular cars, HEVs offer the same feel as
regular cars. They handle in the same way and speed up and stop in the same way, too. HEVs,
though, are generally smaller than gasoline-powered cars. Their rounded, aerodynamic frame
helps add to their fuel efficiency but unfortunately does not add to the amount of space inside
the vehicle.
1.Which statement best explains the characteristics of an HEV?
A.Safe and reliable.
B.Expensive but long-lasting.
C.Smaller engine, greater power.
D.High price, low carbon.
2.The transformation between the gasoline and electricity in an HEV is operated by .
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A.the engine B.the battery
C.the computer D.the driver
3.For what purpose was the HEV invented?
A.To save energy.
B.To provide better service.
C.To lower the expense of purchase.
D.To give the drivers a different feeling.
4.Where does the passage probably come from?
A.A health report.
B.A science magazine.
C.A vehicle advertisement.
D.A travel journal.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了混合动力汽车的驱动情况、它与普通的燃油车
的区别以及它的优势。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a
regular car可知,混合动力汽车要比普通的燃油车稍微贵些;根据第三段中的...it uses
much less fuel than most cars.可知,混合动力汽车较为节能。综上所述可知D项最能概括
混合动力汽车的特点。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will
use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.可知,这种车是通过电脑来确定使用何种动
力的。
3.A 推理判断题。通读文章可知,混合动力汽车最大的优点是节约能源,所以它被发明
的目的就是节约能源。
4.B 推理判断题。文章介绍了混合动力汽车的驱动情况、它与普通的燃油车的区别以
及它的优势,由此推断文章可能出自科学杂志。
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