曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
专题八 主旨要义
题组一 段首或文章大意
Passage 1 (2020课标全国Ⅱ,B) 词数 261
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but
researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the
University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later
develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of
cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the
amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities
at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have
better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that
assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half
of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to
have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with
puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles
than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active
during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A.Building confidence.
B.Developing spatial skills.
C.Learning self-control.
D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.
2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?
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A.Parents’ age.
B.Children’s imagination.
C.Parents’ education.
D.Child-parent relationship.
3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?
A.They play with puzzles more often.
B.They tend to talk less during the game.
C.They prefer to use more spatial language.
D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A mathematical method.
B.A scientific study.
C.A woman psychologist.
D.A teaching program.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是完善自我。文章
介绍了益智游戏可以更好地培养孩子的空间技巧。本文旨在说明益智游戏对孩子空间
能力发展的重要性。
1.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:儿童在哪个方面能从益智游戏中受益?根据第二段的
第一句话(芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学家苏珊·莱文发现,在2岁至4岁之间玩
益智游戏的儿童在以后会发展更好的空间技能)可知B项(发展空间技能)正确。A:建立
信心;C:学习自我控制;D:获得高科技知识。
2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:当莱文设计她的实验时,她将什么考虑在内了?根据第
二段的最后一句话(莱文说,在参照了父母的收入、教育程度和家长谈话量的差异后,益
智游戏被发现是认知能力的一个重要预测因素)可知C项(父母的教育)正确。A:父母的
年龄;B:孩子们的想象力;D:孩子与父母之间的关系。
3.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在益智游戏中,男孩和女孩有何不同?根据第五段的最
后一句话(然而,男孩比女孩更倾向于玩更复杂的益智游戏,而且男孩的父母比女孩的父
母提供更多的空间语言,并且在益智游戏中更活跃)可知D项(他们可能会玩更难的益智
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游戏)正确。A:他们更经常玩益智游戏;B:他们往往在游戏中更少说话;C:他们更喜欢使
用更多的空间语言。
4.B 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:这篇文章主要是关于什么的?根据文章第一段和第三
段出现的researchers,第二段出现的psychologist、expert以及最后一段出现的findings、
published、the journal Developmental Science可知B项(一项科学研究)正确。A:一个数
学方法;C:一个女心理学家;D:一个教学大纲。
[长难句] Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young
children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between
ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学
家苏珊·莱文发现,在2岁至4岁之间玩益智游戏的儿童在以后会发展更好的空间技能。
本句是一个主从复合句。句中an expert on mathematics development in young
children at the University of Chicago是Psychologist Susan Levine的同位语;who play
with puzzles between ages 2 and 4为定语从句。
Passage 2 (2020天津,C改编) 词数414
For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely
making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but
many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with
professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries
to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the
suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long
Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so
painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray
of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you
are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short
commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to
the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the
boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by
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analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The
two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine on, point it at the target, and
your peace and quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same
way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a
stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. This can be
useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract
customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the
menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.
1.What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?
A.It causes temporary hearing loss.
B.It slows down a running man.
C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect.
D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
2.The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to .
A.silence the people around you
B.remove the sound of commercials
C.block the incoming sound waves
D.stop unwanted sound from affecting you
3.What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?
A.They travel in circles.
B.They clear the atmosphere.
C.They can be transformed into energy.
D.They can be directed onto a specific area.
4.What does the passage focus on?
A.How professionals invented sound products.
B.Inventions in the field of sound technology.
C.The growing interest in the study of sound.
D.How sound engineers work in their studios.
答案
第 4 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是对声音的各种应
用。文章介绍了声音在实际生活中的新运用。本文旨在让学生了解对声音的有效利用
方面的知识。
1.A 推理判断题。 本题题干意为:从第二段可以推断出LRAD的影响是什么?第二段
第一句是本段的主题句,意为:声音可以被用作一种武器。根据第二段倒数第二句It
produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.(它产生一种震耳
欲聋的声音,让人如此痛苦以至于会暂时听不见声音)可知A项(它导致暂时的听觉丧失)
是正确的。B:它会使一个跑步的人速度减慢;C:它使识别嫌疑犯变得容易;D:它会阻止嫌
疑犯伤害他人。
2.D 细节理解题。 本题题干意为:无声机器是一种被专门设计用来 的装置。根
据第三段第一句For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create
silence.(对于那些渴望安静的人来说,声音现在可以创造出寂静)可知D项(阻止不想要的
声音影响你)是正确的。A:使你周围的人沉默;B:去除广告的声音;C:阻挡进来的声波。
3.D 细节理解题。 本题题干意为:“spotsounds”和“spotlights”有什么共同特征?根据文
章最后一段第二句A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound”
creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.(聚光灯只照亮舞台的一部分;同样
地,“spotsound”在一个目标区域创造出一个声圈)可知D项(它们都能被对准一个特定的
区域)是正确的。
4.B 主旨要义题。 本题题干意为:这篇文章的重点是什么?根据文章第一段(主题段)可
知,现在许多研究声音的专业人士和其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验,创造出
新的产品,再由下面每一段的第一句话可知,本文的中心内容是声音在实际生活中的各种
应用。
[长难句] In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording
studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and
experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the
phenomenon we call sound.在过去,音响师们在录音棚的密室里工作,但现在许多声音方
面的专业人士和其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验,从而根据我们称作声音的
现象创造出新的产品。
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本句是一个并列复合句,由but连接前后两个分句。to create new products based on the
phenomenon we call sound是目的状语,其中we call sound是定语从句,修饰
phenomenon。
Passage 3 (2018北京,C) 词数 345
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds
up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no
effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of
some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can
break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms
on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke
down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone
was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into
paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their
mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings
were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their
everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex
mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she
explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in
the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But
compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.
The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme
produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
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Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to
break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial
process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A.identify other means of the breakdown
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the research findings
D.increase the breakdown speed
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A.help to raise worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be used to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To present a way to break down plastics.
D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了大蜡螟的幼虫,它胃中的酶可以降解塑料。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“the worms of the greater wax moth can
break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics”以及下面的“and the worms
consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it”可知,本题选择C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be
to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its
gut microbes?”可知,本题选择B项。
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3.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in
some kind of industrial process...”可以推断出,将来这种化学物质可能会在工厂被生产,故
选择D项。
4.C 主旨要义题。文章第一段最后一句话提出有一种除去塑料垃圾的方法,下文一直围
绕这种方法展开说明,故选择C项。
Passage 4 (2017浙江,A) 词数 326
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was
only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed
one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby.
Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to
make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to
look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit
what he had been doing.
The cat ’ s lot was about to improve . That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington,
came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent
Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.
These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He
was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he
might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began
a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work.
Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take
home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor
student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my
pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his
introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an
artist.
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1.What is the text mainly about?
A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.
B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A.The cat would be closely watched.
B.The cat would get some medical care.
C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B.He provided him with painting materials.
C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D.He taught him how to make engravings.
4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to .
A.master the use of paints
B.appreciate landscape paintings
C.get to know other painters
D.make up his mind to be a painter
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。Benjamin 小时候喜欢画画,而且很有天赋。在他的堂
兄和一位知名画家的影响下,他立志成为一名画家。
1.C 主旨要义题。本文讲述了美国画家Benjamin West小时候的画画经历及他是如何
立志成为一名画家的,故选C。
2.D 推理判断题。本句前面的内容是他被迫承认了他在猫的身上薅毛做画笔的事,后面
讲到他的堂兄送给他真正的颜料和画笔。而此句的意思是“猫的命运将得到改善”。
由此推断此句暗示“他将很快得到真正的画笔”。
3.B 细节理解题。由文章的第三段可知,Benjamin的堂兄Pennington给他提供了颜料和
画笔;由第五段可知Pennington给他提供了创作油画的材料,故选B。
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4.D 推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知Williams给了他两本有关画画的经典著作,
但是他其实不是很懂,不过却爱不释手。同时从最后一句“The nine-year-old boy decided
then that he would be an artist.”也可以看出这两本书帮助他下定决心成为一名画家。
[长难句] While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his
introduction to classical paintings.虽然他可能对那两本书的内容理解不了多少,但是那两
本书让他初次接触了古典画。
本句为复合句,其中While it is likely that he understood very little of the books为让
步状语从句;该从句中含有一个it is likely that...结构。they were his introduction to
classical paintings为主句。
Passage 5 (2017天津,A)话题:电子邮件问题 难度:易 词数:307
Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send
an email that could get you in trouble.
Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and
burn with shame.
What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.
Clicking “send”too soon
Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as
swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and
the previous version should be ignored.
Writing the wrong name
The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for your mistake.
Keep the tone measured:don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if
your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese
names).
Clicking “reply all”unintentionally
You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at
the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best
solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can
quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and
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unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to
calm down.
Sending an offensive message to its subject
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind
message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person
you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.
Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any
difficulties you may have with this person.
1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel .
A.curious B.tired
C.awful D.funny
2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .
A.apologise in a serious manner
B.tell the receiver to ignore the error
C.learn to write the name correctly
D.send a short notice to everyone
3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all”email?
A.Try offering other choices.
B.Avoid further involvement.
C.Meet other staff members.
D.Make a light-hearted apology.
4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?
A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.
B.By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.
C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.
D.By talking to the receiver face to face.
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Defining email errors.
B.Reducing email mistakes.
C.Handling email accidents.
D.Improving email writing.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。在日常生活中你可能会不经意发错电子邮件,造成不
必要的尴尬或冒犯到别人。本文就这个问题提出了几种解决办法。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “You freeze in horror and burn with shame.”可知,在
你意识到发错了邮件时,你会惊恐地愣住,羞得脸颊发烫。由此可知你会感觉很糟糕。
curious 好奇的;tired劳累的;awful糟糕的;funny 滑稽的。
2.A 推理判断题。根据Writing the wrong name部分中的“Respond quickly and briefly,
apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don’t handle it too lightly”可以推断出,
在写错名字时,要立即道歉,并且说话的语调要有分寸,不能太轻率,也就是你要严肃认真
地道歉,所以答案为A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据Clicking “reply all” unintentionally部分中的 “In this instance,
step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.”可以推断出,出现这种情况
时,你要离开键盘,让每个人都冷静下来,也就是不要继续参与讨论,所以答案为B项。
4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as
possible and say sorry.”可知,出现这种情况时,要亲自向收件人道歉,所以答案为D项。
5.C 主旨大意题。根据第三段 “What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and
how to recover.”可知,本文的主题就是当发错邮件时你应该如何补救。本文列举了四种
常见的错误以及相应的补救措施,所以答案为C项。
高级词块 1.freeze/friːz/ vi.(因害怕等)停住不动;惊呆;吓呆
2.version/ˈvɜːʃn/ n.版本 3.frustration/frʌˈstreɪʃn/ n.沮丧;懊恼
Passage 6 (2017北京,C)话题:科普知识 难度:中 词数:358
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was
nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR
vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine
movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases
have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When
vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is
protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily,
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including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get
vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse
vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger
danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange
County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y.,
where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small
risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are
supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states
allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they
personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But
no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal
opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but
they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .
A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D.information about measles spreads quickly
2.Herd immunity works well when .
A.exemptions are allowed
B.several vaccines are used together
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in
D.new regulations are added to the state laws
3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A.The overuse of vaccine.
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B.The lack of medical care.
C.The features of measles itself.
D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce the idea of exemption.
B.To discuss methods to cure measles.
C.To stress the importance of vaccination.
D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。题材为科普知识类。14年前因为疫苗的使用,麻疹病
在美国几乎消失了。但是最近,美国麻疹病例的数量却呈小幅上升趋势,这无疑给人们敲
响了警钟。
1.A 推理判断题。文章第一段讲的是由于反疫苗运动,麻疹病卷土重来;再根据第二段
第一句可知,麻疹病例的数量听起来不多,但是它们却是一种危险趋势的开始。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,群体免疫力只有在几乎整个群体都进行了疫
苗免疫后才能起作用,故选C项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句及倒数第三、四段的内容可知选D项。
4.C 主旨大意题。作者通过讲述日益增长的反疫苗运动以及一些州政府法律对于疫苗
豁免权的不限制,分析了美国麻疹病例的数量呈小幅上升趋势的原因,由此向读者强调接
种疫苗的重要性,故选C项。
高级词块 1.make a comeback卷土重来 2.break down垮掉;失败;坏掉 3.object to反
对
Passage 7 (2016浙江,C)
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food
might seem to have little in common.After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to
uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playing...right?
Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists(心理学家)have argued that this “play” is
more like a scientific investigation than one might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over
the table edge, it falls to the ground—and, in the process, it brings out important evidence
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about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but
require support to remain stable.It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of
the universe;nor are they ever clearly taught it.Instead, babies may from an understanding of
object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even
more about how objects interact.Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby’s investigation
and the scientist’s experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world),
overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic(are my observations
what I expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world
in this way—that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar
means.For example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and
finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can
have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child,
Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children
learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and
scientists seem to be so much alike?Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort—
the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world—is simply something that comes
from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a
natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive
that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children
feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some
psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big
children.”
1.According to some developmental psychologists, .
A.a baby’s play is nothing more than a game
B.scientific research into babies’ games is possible
C.the nature of babies’ play has been thoroughly investigated
D.a baby’s play is somehow similar to a scientist’s experiment
2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .
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A.scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B.scientists and babies often interact with each other
C.babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
3.Children may learn the rules of language by .
A.exploring the physical world
B.investigating human psychology
C.repeating their own experiments
D.observing their parents’ behaviors
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.The world may be more clearly explained through children’s play.
B.Studying babies’ play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D.One’s drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
5.What is the author’s tone when he discusses the connection between scientists’ research
and babies’ play?
A.Convincing.
B.Confused.
C.Confident
D.Cautious.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,科学家的工作过程与婴儿的玩耍过程看似毫不相干,但通过
对比论证,作者认为这两者之间有着惊人的相似之处。儿童探索世界、探究人类心理与
学习语言的过程都与科学家的研究过程存在共性。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句,有些发展心理学家认为,玩耍比我们想象的更像
是一次科学调查。故选D。A项与原文背道而驰;B项原文中没有提及;C项thoroughly
有误。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知婴儿像科学家一样,都收集证据。故选D。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知儿童通过这种方式(调查实验的方式)不仅学
习了物质世界,同时也了解了人类的心理和语言的规则。in this way和similar means都
指上文的实验调查方法,故答案选C。
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4.B 主旨大意题。根据第四段,把童年的发展看成科学的研究阐明了儿童是如何学习的,
但同时它也提供了一个新的角度去看待科学与科学家。科学家和婴儿都利用好奇心和
天性去探究世界。由此可知,研究婴儿的游戏可能会对科学有更好的理解。故选B。
5.D 推理判断题。纵观全文,尤其根据第一段最后一句,玩耍会更像科学研究,第二段中
的appear to,第四段中的have suggested(暗示表明了);perhaps; may have been adopted(很有
可能被采用)可知,作者步步为营,小心求证儿童的玩耍和科学家做实验的相似之处,论述
的语气比较谨慎,故答案选D。
Passage 8 (2016江苏,B)
Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect
their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct
(本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers
regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather
their own food.
In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where
he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides
food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his
neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they
desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The
psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments
with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with
hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught,but
naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age
before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the
helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social
intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills, at least when
compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better
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than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the
social world.
The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared
intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But
beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek
to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
1.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?
A.Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.
B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.
C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.
D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.
2.Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they .
A.have the instinct to help others
B.know how to offer help to adults
C.know the world better than chimps
D.trust adults with their hands full
3.The passage is mainly about .
A.the helping behaviors of young children
B.ways to train children’s shared intentionality
C.cooperation as a distinctive human nature
D.the development of intelligence in children
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作和分享,这是人的
本性。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项
正确。其中C项干扰性较大,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。
2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句得知小孩帮助他人是出于本能,故A项
正确。B项太片面;C、D两项文中没提到。
3.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别
人合作是人独有的本能。A项干扰性较大,文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。
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Passage 9 (2015重庆,A)
At thirteen,I was diagnosed(诊断)with a kind of attention disorder.It made school
difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks,I could not.
In my first literature class,Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it,all within 45
minutes.I raised my hand right away and said,“Mrs.Smith,you see,the doctor said I have
attention problems.I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses,“You are no different from your
classmates,young man.”
I tried,but I didn’t finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom,the story suddenly all became clear to me.It was about a blind
person,Louis Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldn’t get much education.But Louis
didn’t give up.Instead,he invented a reading system of raised dots(点),which opened up a
whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn’t I the “blind”in my class,being made to learn like the“sighted”students?My thoughts
spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40 minutes.Indeed,I was
no different from others;I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his way out of his
problems,why should I ever give up?
I didn’t expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith,so it was quite a surprise
when it came back to me the next day—with an“A”on it.At the bottom of the paper were
these words:“See what you can do when you keep trying?”
1.The author didn’t finish the reading in class because .
A.he was new to the class
B.he was tired of literature
C.he had an attention disorder
D.he wanted to take the task home
2.What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?
A.He had good sight.
B.He made a great invention.
C.He gave up reading.
D.He learned a lot from school.
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3.What was Mrs.Smith’s attitude to the author at the end of the story?
A.Angry.
B.Impatient.
C.Sympathetic.
D.Encouraging.
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The disabled should be treated with respect.
B.A teacher can open up a new world to students.
C.One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.
D.Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为学校生活类。文章讲述了作者被诊断患有“注意力
紊乱”,导致作者在学校不能很好地完成各项学习任务,后来在Smith老师的帮助和引导
下克服了困难,很好地完成了阅读任务,让作者从故事和自身经历中明白了“努力就可以
创造奇迹”。
1.C 细节理解题。由文章第一段第一句可知答案。
2.B 细节理解题。由Instead,he invented a reading system of raised dots(点),which opened
up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.可知B项正确。
3.D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段Smith老师给作者评定作业等级为A以及她所写下
的“See what you can do when you keep trying?”可知Smith老师对于作者的态度应该是
“鼓励的”。
4.C 主旨大意题。本文主要通过作者的亲身经历讲述“努力可以帮助一个人克服困
难”。
Passage 10 (2015重庆,B)
In ancient Egypt,a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop
simply by making changes to its environment.Modern businesses have been following his
lead,with more tactics(策略).
One tactic involves where to display the goods.For example,stores place fruits and vegetables
in the first section.They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so
that they will buy more junk food(垃圾食品)later in their trip.In department stores,the
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women’s shoe section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品)section:while the
shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe,bored customers are likely to wander
over and find some cosmetics they might want to try later.
Besides,businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses.Stores notice that the smell of baked
goods encourages shopping,so they make their own bread each morning and then fan the
bread smell into the store throughout the day.Music sells goods,too.Researchers in Britain
found that when French music was played,sales of French wines went up.
When it comes to the selling of houses,businesses also use highly rewarding tactics.They find
that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon walking in the door,and turn it
into a business opportunity.A California builder designed the structure of its houses
smartly.When entering the house,the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the
windows,and then the pool through an open stairway leading to the lower level.The instant
view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.
1.Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?
A.To save customers time.
B.To show they are high quality foods.
C.To help sell junk food.
D.To sell them at discount prices.
2.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?
A.Opening the store early in the morning.
B.Displaying British wines next to French ones.
C.Inviting customers to play music.
D.Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.
3.What is the California builder’s story intended to prove?
A.The house structure is a key factor customers consider.
B.The more costly the house is,the better it sells.
C.An ocean view is much to the customers’ taste.
D.A good first impression increases sales.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.
B.To introduce how businesses have grown from the past.
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C.To report researches on customer behavior.
D.To show dishonest business practices.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为历史与社会类。在古埃及,有位店主发现只需改变店
铺的环境就可以把顾客吸引过来,而现代的商界也追随他的脚步,采用了更多的销售策略。
1.C 细节理解题。由第二段中的They know that customers who buy the healthy food first
will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food...可以看出商家首先展示水果、蔬菜的
真正目的是促销他们的垃圾食品。
2.D 细节理解题。第三段主要讲商家通过感官来吸引顾客。他们每天早上会烤好面包,
让面包的气味整整一天都弥漫在店铺里面,以此来刺激顾客的购买欲望。
3.D 推理判断题。最后一段指出,顾客往往在进入房间的最初几秒会作出决定,商人把
这变为商机。加利福尼亚的建筑师让顾客第一眼看到的是太平洋和游泳池,这帮他销售
了1,000万美元的房子,由此证明如果给顾客的第一印象好的话就有助于增加销量。
4.A 主旨大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要介绍了商家促销的几种策略,包括商品摆放、
感官影响和第一印象。A项“解释商家如何把人们变为自己的顾客”符合文章的写作
目的。
Passage 11 (2015天津,B)
Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more
common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday
world in a more humanized way,said Cynthia Breazeal,chief scientist at the robot company
Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework,social robots will be much more like
companions than mere tools.For example,these robots will be able to distinguish when
someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot,arranged to ship later this year,is designed to be a personalized assistant.You
can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The
robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions;it responds based on what it learns
about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family
member to take medicine or taking family photos.
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Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in
everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these
spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The
company’s“Oshbot”robot is built to assist customers in a store,which can help the customers
find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store.It can also speak different
languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is
shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.But Oshbot,like other
social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work alongside other employees.“We
have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us,but with us,”said Breazeal.
1.How are social robots different from household robots?
A.They can control their emotions.
B.They are more like humans.
C.They do the normal housework.
D.They respond to users more slowly.
2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?
A.Communicate with you and perform operations.
B.Answer your questions and make requests.
C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
3.What can Oshbot work as?
A.A language teacher.
B.A tour guide.
C.A shop assistant.
D.A private nurse.
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will .
A.train employees
B.be our workmates
C.improve technologies
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D.take the place of workers
5.What does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introduction to social robots.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。过不了几年,社交类机器人就会以更加
人性化的服务方式进入人们的日常生活。它们不仅是一种工具,而且会成为人们的朋友,
根据不同的人群提供不同的服务。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,如今家庭机器人可以做日常家务,但是社交类
机器人则更像是人类的朋友,而不仅仅是工具。例如,这些机器人可判断人的不同心情,从
而做出不同的反应。由此可推知与家庭机器人相比,这些机器人更像人类。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,你可以和这种机器人说话,问它问题,要求它去
执行各种任务,这种机器人不仅可以给出问题的一般答案,而且还会根据不同的家庭成员
作出不同的反应,如提醒老人吃药或者拍全家福等。D项中“服从命令”和“提醒吃
药”都是这种机器人可以胜任的。
3.C 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的“...is built to assist customers in a store...”可
知,Oshbot可以作为售货员,帮助顾客找到他们所需要的商品,并且还能根据顾客需要提
出建议。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知,设计这种机器人不是用来替代工人的,而
是和其他工人一起工作的,因此它们会成为我们的同事。
5.D 主旨大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要介绍了社交类机器人,如为家庭提供人性化
服务的Jibo robot以及可作为售货员的Oshbot。
[评析 本题难度适中。做主旨大意题时切不可“以偏概全”,应该从文章整体的角度进
行概括总结。本文第一段为主题段,social robots为文章中心词。注意C项中的
household robots不同于social robots。
Passage 12 (2015四川,E)
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No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study
suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll.Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to
the stones and rolled them across the sand,the scientists say.
“Technically,I think what they’re proposing is possible,”physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there’s no
obvious answer.On average,each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a
large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from
about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many
scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).Then they would
have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier,workers may have lubricated the
paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by
building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat,as well as a
large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However,physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way,who led the new
study.West said,“I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds
might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought,‘Why don’t they just try rolling the
things?’”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its
sides,he realized.That,he notes,should make a block of stone“a lot easier to roll than a
square”.
So he tried it.
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block.That
action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they
could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block
required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.
West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks,but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over
sliding.At least,workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
1.It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by .
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A.rolling them on roads
B.pushing them over the sand
C.sliding them on smooth paths
D.dragging them on some poles
2.The underlined part“lubricated the paths”in Paragraph 4 means .
A.made the paths wet
B.made the paths hard
C.made the paths wide
D.made the paths slippery
3.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C.Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D.Rolling the blocks with fat.
4.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?
A.Because more force is needed for sliding.
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
5.What is the text mainly about?
A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为历史与社会类。没有人知道古代埃及人是如何建成
金字塔的。人们一直困惑于他们运送这些巨大的石块到达金字塔工地的方式。本文介
绍了可能的运送方式。
1.C 细节理解题。由文章第四段首句“The most popular view is that Egyptian workers
slid the blocks along smooth paths.”可知答案。
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2.D 猜测词义题。根据“To make the work easier,workers may have...either with wet clay
or with the fat from cattle.”中的wet clay 和the fat from cattle可知,该画线部分为“使路
面滑”之意。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of
wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides...”可知A项正确。
4.D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“At least,workers wouldn’t have needed to carry
cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.”可知答案为D。
5.D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了运送巨大的石块到达金字塔工地的可能的方式。因
此答案为D。
Passage 13 (2015江苏,B)
In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-
phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital
assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage
as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that
while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in
comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was
higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled
and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in
practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the
environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times
more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and
imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and
packaging (包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as
well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “ the
production, distribution, and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste
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—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating
less waste at the start—for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has
been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take
back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first
place?
Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they
produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for
paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer
responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste
management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
1.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that .
A.the weight of e-goods is rather small
B.e-waste deserves to be made good use of
C.natural minerals contain more precious metals
D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended .
A.from producers to governments
B.from governments to producers
C.from individuals to distributors
D.from distributors to governments
3.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The increase in e-waste.
B.The creation of e-waste.
C.The seriousness of e-waste.
D.The management of e-waste.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。随着电子数码科技的进步,越来越多的
电子垃圾产生了,手机、电脑、个人电子器件等被扔掉的越来越多。这些被扔掉的电子
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垃圾中含有一些像金银之类的贵重金属,当然也有很多有毒物质。那我们该如何处理这
些电子垃圾呢?
1.B 推理判断题。第二段提到了瑞士的一项研究结果:电子垃圾中贵重金属的含量要比
自然界中矿石中贵重金属的含量还要高。由此推断作者旨在说明这些电子垃圾值得被
充分利用,故选B项。
2.B 推理判断题。文章最后一段描述了政府要制定相关法律,对制造商提出明确的责任
要求。由此推断出这份责任应该是从政府开始延伸到制造商,故选B项。
3.D 主旨大意题。本文第一段提出了越来越严重的电子垃圾污染问题,后面就如何处理
这些垃圾提出了一些建议,也明确了该问题所涉及各方应负的责任,由此推断出本文的主
题应该是D项:电子垃圾的处理。
Passage 14 (2015广东,C)
Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes it’s important to distinguish television’s
influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV,he says,for problems it
doesn’t really cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.
One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to
understand the world.While watching TV,children do not merely absorb words and images(影
像).Instead,they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they
see.Actually,children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore,as
many teachers agree,children understand far more when parents watch TV with
them,explaining new words and ideas.Yet,most parents use an educational program as a
chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.
Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But
according to Anderson,the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading
ability.TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children;it takes the place of similar
sorts of recreation,such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents’
educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading.“A child’s reading
ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads,”Anderson says.
Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ(智商)scores and
affects school performance.But here,too,Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In
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fact,research suggests that it’s the other way around.“If you’re smart young,you’ll watch less
TV when you’re older,”Anderson says.Yet,people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television
viewers.
For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to
children.However,by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as
conventionally believed,Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without
considering other influences.
1.By watching TV,children learn .
A.images through words
B.more than explicit meanings
C.more about images than words
D.little about people’s psychology
2.An educational program is best watched by a child .
A.on his own
B.with other kids
C.with his parents
D.with his teachers
3.Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?
A.Radio-listening.
B.Television-watching.
C.Parents’ reading list.
D.Parents’ educational background.
4.Anderson believes that .
A.the more a child watches TV,the smarter he is
B.the younger a child is,the more he watches TV
C.the smarter a child is,the less likely he gets addicted to TV
D.the less a child watches TV,the better he performs at school
5.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To advise on the educational use of TV.
B.To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.
C.To explain traditional views on TV influences.
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D.To present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。传统观念认为,看电视会对孩子思维能
力的培养产生负面的影响,还会让孩子远离阅读。而著名心理学家Daniel Anderson对此
提出了不同的看法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden
meanings from what they see.”可知答案。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore, as many teachers agree,
children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and
ideas.”可以推断出答案。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Things like parents’ educational
background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading.”可知答案。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句Anderson所说“If you’re smart young, you’ll
watch less TV when you’re older,”可以推断出答案。
5.D 主旨大意题。整篇文章讲述的都是Anderson关于看电视对孩子的影响所提出的非
传统的观点。故选D。
Passage 15 (2014陕西,C)
Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight,while the French,who consume
rich food,continue to stay thin?Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle
and decisions about eating may affect weight.Researchers conclude that the French tend to
stop eating when they feel full.However,Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or
their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr.Joseph Mercola,a health expert,the French see eating as an important part of
their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table,while
Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola
believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating
long after the French would have stopped.In addition,he points out that Americans drive to
huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French,instead,tend to
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shop daily,walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh
fruits,vegetables,and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States,Mireille Guiliano,author of French Women Don’t Get
Fat,decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting
how to avoid food.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences,evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting
French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity—or extreme overweight—among adults is only
6%.However,as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions,the
obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.
1.In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr.Joseph Mercola?
A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.
B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.
C.They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyle.
D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.
2.This text is mainly about the relationship between .
A.Americans and the French
B.lifestyle and obesity
C.children and adults
D.fast food and overweight
3.This text is mainly developed .
A.by contrast
B.by space
C.by process
D.by classification
4.Where does this text probably come from?
A.A TV interview.
B.A food advertisement.
C.A health report.
D.A book review.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。题材为饮食健康类。通过一项对美国和法国饮食习惯的对
比研究,揭示出生活方式和肥胖之间的关系。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知:研究发现,法国人把饮食看作他们生活
方式中一个很重要的部分,而美国人则不重视饮食。故选C。
2.B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述通过对美国和法国两国饮食习惯的对比,揭示生活方式
和肥胖有着密切的关系。故选B项。
3.A 推理判断题。本文主要是围绕美、法两国饮食习惯对比展开的,最终得出结论:生
活方式和肥胖有着密切的关系,故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。本篇文章对美、法两国饮食习惯进行对比,很显然这和健康有关,故
选C项。
Passage 16 (2014山东,D)
How fit are your teeth?Are you lazy about brushing them?Never fear:An inventor is on
the case.An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush,and it lets you track
your performance on your phone.
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in
Las Vegas this week.It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android
phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right(Don’t forget the insides of the
teeth!)and make sure you’re brushing long enough.“It’s kind of like having a dentist actually
watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”says Thomas Serval,the French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone,so developers
could,for instance,create a game controlled by your toothbrush.You could score points for
beating monsters among your teeth.“We try to make it smart but also fun,”Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would come home from work
and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said “yes”,but Serval would find their
toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children
brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer,for $99 to $199,depending on
features.The U.S.is the first target market.
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Serval says that one day,it’ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing
unit that also has a camera.The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush.
1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?
A.It can sense how users brush their teeth.
B.It can track users’ school performance.
C.It can detect users’ fear of seeing a dentist.
D.It can help users find their phones.
2.What can we learn from Serval’s words in Paragraph 3?
A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.
C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
D.You’d like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?
A.It can be used to update mobile phones.
B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.
C.It can send messages to other users.
D.It can talk to its developers.
4.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.
B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.
C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.
D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.
5.What can we infer about Serval’s children?
A.They were unwilling to brush their teeth.
B.They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.
C.They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.
D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.
6.What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?
A.The brush handle will be removed.
B.A mobile phone will be built into it.
C.It will be used to fill holes in teeth.
D.It will be able to check users’ teeth.
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答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。一位发明者发明了一种电子牙刷,
它不仅可以帮人们正确刷牙,而且还可以通过蓝牙和手机上的应用程序连接起来。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知,这种电子牙刷可以检测你刷牙的时间和
刷牙的质量,也能在手机上跟踪你的表现。故选A项。
2.C 推理判断题。在第三段中,那位法国发明者Serval说:“就好像有个牙医每天都在真
正看着你刷牙。”由此可知,用这种电子牙刷刷牙犹如得到专业牙医的指导,故选C项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知,这种新发明的牙刷可以和手机上的程序连接,比如
由牙刷控制的一款游戏,不仅显得智能而且还有趣。故选B项。
4.D 主旨大意题。本段的中心句是第一句。Serval说他这个发明的灵感是自己做父亲
的经历激发出的。所以这一段具体介绍了是什么让他有发明这种牙刷的想法,故选D项。
5.A 推理判断题。第五段中Serval下班回家问孩子们是否刷牙了,孩子们说刷过了,但
是Serval却发现牙刷头是干的。根据孩子们撒谎这件事可以推断出来他们不愿意刷牙,
故选A项。
6.D 细节理解题。最后一段Serval认为将来有一天有可能用带有摄像头的刷牙装置来
代替有手柄的传统的牙刷头,摄像头甚至可以在你刷牙的时候检查你的牙洞。所以答案
应为D项。
Passage 17 (2014江苏,C)
Most damagingly,anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over
his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of
the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experience anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse
another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on
biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are
generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels(决斗)as
an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting
behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most
conditions,EEG(脑电图)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the
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right and left prefrontal(额叶前部)areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-
handed disposition(意向)that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the
EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and,as a result of this,we’re likely to
react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other
emotions,whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we
like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move
away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an
exception to this pattern.The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object
of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger:the angry
person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his
anger.This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal
asymmetry(不对称)of EEG activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person
can experience empathy(同感)towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry
response.In defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the
angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
1.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger .
A.usually has a biological basis
B.varies among people
C.is socially and culturally shaped
D.influences one’s thinking and evaluation
2.What changes can be found in an angry brain?
A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C.Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.
D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.
3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?
A.Approaching the source of anger.
B.Trying to control what is disliked.
C.Moving away from what is disliked.
D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
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4.What is the key message of the last paragraph?
A.How anger differs from other emotions.
B.How anger relates to other emotions.
C.Behavioural responses to anger.
D.Behavioural patterns of anger.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,题材为科普知识。愤怒是人经常会表现出来的情绪,这种情
绪对我们本人会带来什么影响呢?本文对此进行了分析。
1.C 推理判断题。根据该段中关于“决斗”的描述:在当代文化背景下,愤怒的情绪通
过肢体去表达通常被认为对社会有害而不被容忍。由此我们推断出“决斗”这种发泄
愤怒的方式是一种特定文化下的产物,同时也是在某一种社会环境下出现的。由此可知
“愤怒”的表达方式是在一定文化和社会背景下形成的,答案为C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left
prefrontal areas aren’t balanced...可知:当我们愤怒的时候,脑电图就会显示我们额叶前部
的左右部分不再平衡。所以答案为B项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move
towards the object of our anger.即我们越愤怒就越有可能去接近让我们愤怒的目标,可知
答案为A项。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据该段的前两句话中的approach behaviour和avoidance behaviour
可知最后一段就是描述了人们在愤怒时的不同行为表现形式,所以答案为D项。
[温馨提示] 1.most damagingly 最为严重的
2.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or
situation that arouses his anger.愤怒的人在情感意义方面对使之愤怒的人或情况作出判断
时会有失客观。
Passage 18 (2014安徽,D)
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of
a city?In order to answer this question,we must first examine whether people really want to
preserve the historic feel of an area.Not all historical buildings are attractive.However,there
may be other reasons—for example,economic(经济的)reasons—why they should be
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preserved.So,let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the
majority of people.What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view,new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older
style.Indeed,there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern designs
have been placed very successfully next to old buildings.As long as the building in question is
pleasing and does not dominate(影响)its surroundings too much,it often improves the
attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏)the area they are
in,but the same can be said of some old buildings too.Yet people still speak against new
buildings in historic areas.I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保
守的)and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings,I believe that it
is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward.If we always reproduced what
was there before,we would all still be living in caves.Thus,I would argue against copying
previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different,even though that might
be the more risky choice.
1.What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?
A.Some of them are not attractive.
B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve.
C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
2.Which of the following is true according to the author?
A.We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.
C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.
D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings.
3.By“move things forward”in the last paragraph, the author probably means“ .”
A.destroy old buildings
B.put things in a different place
C.choose new architectural styles
D.respect people’s feelings for historical buildings
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4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain why people dislike change.
B.To warn that we could end up living in caves.
C.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.
D.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,讨论了现代建筑如何与古建筑和谐共存。在作者看来,既要
保证城市的发展,又要保护古建筑不被破坏,两者是可以和谐共存的。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive.可知选
A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知古建筑有时候也会与其所处的环境不协调。
故选C。
3.C 猜测词义题。根据画线部分后面的两句话,特别是关键词“choose something fresh
and different”可知答案选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据全文可知作者认为:在有历史意义的地区,既要保证城市的发展
又要保护古建筑不被破坏,两者是可以和谐共存的。所以D项正确。
[温馨提示] 1.As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响)its
surroundings too much,...只要所说的建筑漂亮,对周围环境影响不大……。
in question:that is being discussed讨论(或议论)中的。又如:The woman in question is
sitting over there.所说的那个女的就在那边坐着呢。
2.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏)the area they are
in,but the same can be said of some old buildings too.的确有一些新建筑破坏了当地的风貌,
但是一些老建筑也是如此。
Passage 19 (2014四川,D)
With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture,it is no
surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake
after the first 15 minutes;it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their
pyjamas(睡衣).Obviously,students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily
schedule.
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All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting(警报)systems,this governs
the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep
behaviour.Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents,which leads to
many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is
usually referred to as the“night owl”schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the“early bird”schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the individual
tends to stay up much past midnight.Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the
mornings.Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings
and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified
as“night owls”and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds”—the other 70 percent are
in the middle.Although this is clearly not true for all students,for the ones who are true night
owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall
before midday.
1.What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?
A.Many students are absent from class.
B.Students are very tired on Monday mornings.
C.Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.
D.Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.
2.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?
A.Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.
B.Students don’t sleep well because of alerting systems.
C.One’s body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.
D.Adolescents’ delayed sleep/wake cycle isn’t the preferred pattern.
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“classified”?
A.Criticised.
B.Grouped.
C.Organised.
D.Named.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Functions of the body clock.
B.The“night owl”phenomenon.
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C.Human beings’ sleep behaviour.
D.The school schedule of “early birds”.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。每个人的体内都有一个生物钟,有的人
习惯了熬夜,但是他们早上醒来是一件很困难的事情,这叫“夜猫子”型。有的人习惯早
睡早起,这叫“早起鸟”型。也有的人属于中间类型。那么你属于哪个类型呢?
1.C 主旨大意题。第一段最后一句话总结了该段的主题:很显然,学生们很难调节自己
的睡眠模式来适应学校的课程安排,所以答案为C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in
adolescents...可知人们喜欢的那种睡眠和醒来的模式在青少年身上被推迟了。由此我们
推断出青少年的这种推迟了的作息模式不是人们更喜欢的那种,所以答案为D项。
3.B 猜测词义题。研究结果表明大约20%的人可以划分为“夜猫子”型。由此可知画
线单词的含义是:分类到、归于某一类中;所以答案为B项。
4.B 主旨大意题。第一段作者描述了周一上课时学生的各种因睡不醒带来的具体表现,
后面分析了造成这一现象的原因是“夜猫子”型的作息模式。由此推断出本文主要是
描述青少年身上的那种“夜猫子”型作息现象。所以答案为B项。
[温馨提示] 1....it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class
and...……实际上几乎有20人去上课了,这不足为奇……
2.Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents...通常,青少年的首选作
息规律往往被推迟……
3.Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this
gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before
midday.尽管显然并非所有的学生都是如此,但是对于那些夜猫子型的学生来说,这给了他
们一个在上午逃课的绝好借口。
Passage 20 (2014湖北,C)
Working with a group of baboons(狒狒)in the Namibian desert,Dr.Alecia Carter of the
Department of Zoology,Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel
food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch
another baboon who already knew how to solve the task,while others had to learn for
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themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were,Dr.Carter presented them
either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt,but the
shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding
the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect,despite being made aware of what to
do,they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals
learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not,even though they
spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality
plays a key role in social learning in animals,something that has previously been ignored in
studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest
that animals may perform poorly in cognitive(认知的)tasks not because they aren’t clever
enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through
social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they
don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information
once they have it,information may not travel between all group members,preventing the
formation of a culture based on social learning.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.The significance of Dr.Carter’s research.
B.The purpose of Dr.Carter’s research.
C.The design of Dr.Carter’s research.
D.The results of Dr.Carter’s research.
2.According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?
A.Those that feel anxious about learning.
B.Those that like to work independently.
C.Those that can avoid potential risks.
D.Those that have more experience.
3.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A.Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.
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B.Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.
C.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
D.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
4.Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through .
A.travelling between social groups
B.understanding different people
C.learning from each other
D.storing information
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。Alecia Carter博士对狒狒的学习行为进
行研究后发现:性格对动物的社会学习行为有很重要的影响。
1.C 主旨大意题。第一段主要介绍了Alecia Carter博士是如何对狒狒进行研究的。故
选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,对学习感到焦虑的狒狒能通过观察其他狒狒的
行为而进行学习。故选A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知:一些动物在完成认知任务时可能会表现不
佳,这不是因为它们不够聪明而不能完成任务,而是因为它们太害羞或太紧张而不去使用
社交信息。故选B项。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知社会文化可以通过相互学习而形成。故选
C项。
[温馨提示] 1.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.与平静的
狒狒相比,那些焦虑的狒狒也是如此。
hold true for...:be still correct for...对于……仍然是正确的。又如:
The results appear to hold true for other countries.
这些结果似乎也适用于其他国家。
2.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality
plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in
studies on how animals learn to do things.在收集和使用社交信息间存在的不一致表现出
性格在动物的社会学习方面起着关键的作用,而这一点从过去研究动物是如何学习时就
被忽略了。
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[长难句] The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform
poorly in cognitive tasks not because they aren’t clever enough to solve them, but
because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.这些发现非常重要,
因为它们表明动物在完成认知任务时可能会表现不佳,这不是因为它们不够聪明而不能
完成任务,而是因为它们太害羞或太紧张而不去使用社交信息。
本句是一个复合句,because they suggest...information为原因状语从句,在此原因状语从
句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中又含有由not...but结构连接的两个并
列的由because引导的原因状语从句。
Passage 21 (2014重庆,E)
It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and
attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.They pay $5 for
a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances
we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl
Bem,by observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own
minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior?If our minds
were an open book,we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like
lattes.Actually,we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover,we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we
infer characters that weren’t there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures
around us,which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors
would disapprove if we didn ’ t .Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around
us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner
disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people become what they
do,though it may not be in compliance(符合)with their true desires.Therefore,we should all
bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice:“We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful
about what we pretend to be.”
1.According to the passage,personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to .
第 44 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
A.determine one’s behavior
B.reflect one’s taste
C.influence one’s surroundings
D.result from one’s habits
2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?
A.The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.
B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D.One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.
4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A.Personalities and attitudes.
B.Preferences and habits.
C.Behavior and personalities.
D.Attitudes and preferences.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。作者对人的行为和性格之间的关系进
行了探讨。最后用Kurt Vonnegut的一句话进行了总结:我们将自己伪装成什么,我们就
是什么。所以,当我们伪装时,一定要谨慎呀!
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,通常认为人们的行为方式取决于他们的性格
和态度。那反过来说就是:一个人的性格和态度决定了他的行为方式。故选A。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,正如社会心理学家Daryl Bem所说的,毋庸
置疑,人的行为来自我们的内在性情,但是在很多例子中我们是通过观察我们自己的行为
来推断出我们是怎样的人的结论。四个选项中只有A项表示的是一种行为暗示出人的
性格,而其他三个选项均不符合。
第 45 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
3.B 推理判断题。画线的这一句是对上一句话的举例说明,画线处前面一句话是说:我
们的行为经常受到我们周围小的压力的影响,这一点我们认识不到。B项与画线句意义
一致,故选B。
4.C 主旨大意题。从第一段第一句阐述大家通常认为行为和性格的关系,到第二段
Daryl Bem提出通过一个人的行为也能看出他的性格,第三段提到我们的行为也受到周
围压力的影响,第四段通过Kurt Vonnegut的一句话强调了两者之间的关系,所以本篇文
章主要讲的是行为和性格,故选C。
[长难句] It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in
many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social
psychologist Daryl Bem,by observing our own behavior.毋庸置疑,人的行为来自我们的
内在性情,但是正如社会心理学家Daryl Bem所说的,在很多例子中我们是通过观察我们
自己的行为来推断出我们是怎样的人的。
该句是由表示转折的but连接的一个并列句。前一个并列分句中it为形式主语,that
behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情)为真正的主语;后一个并列分句中who
we are是介词about的宾语。
Passage 22 (2014四川,B)
In 1943,when I was 4,my parents moved from Coeur d’Alene,Idaho,to
Fairbanks,Alaska,where adventure was never very far away.
We arrived in the summer,just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.All that sunlight was
fantastic for Mom’s vegetable garden.Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her
timing off,so she didn’t care much about my bedtime.
Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk.That left me in a mess.I usually
managed to find some trouble to get into.Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of
a hotel.I had tried to light a barrel(桶)of paint but couldn’t really get a good fire going.The
smoke got pretty bad,though,and when I made my exit,a crowd and the police were there to
greet me.The policemen took my matches and drove me home.
Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me,and they did!I
had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.I hadn’t turned 5 yet.
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As I entered kindergarten,the serious cold began to set in.Would it surprise you to know that I
soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?
As for Leonhard Seppala,famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者),I think I knew him well because
I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday.At the time I didn’t realize what a
superstar he was,but I do remember the ride well.I was wrapped(包裹)heavily and well
sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.
In 1950,we moved back to Coeur d’Alene,but we got one more Alaskan adventure when
Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former
neighbors of Alaska.
1.What can be inferred about the author’s family?
A.His father was a cruel man.
B.His parents didn’t love him.
C.His parents used to be very busy.
D.His mother didn’t have any jobs.
2.What happened when the author was 4?
A.He learned to smoke.
B.He was locked in a basement.
C.He was arrested by the police.
D.He nearly caused a fire accident.
3.Which of the following is true?
A.Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
B.The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
C.Leonhard often visited the author’s family after 1950.
D.The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.
4.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A.To look back on his childhood with adventures.
B.To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
C.To express how much he misses Leonhard.
D.To show off his pride in making trouble.
答案
第 47 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为个人成长经历。在我很小的时候就随着父母来到了
阿拉斯加,我在这儿有过很多次的冒险经历。4岁的时候因为放火差点“蹲监狱”,上幼
儿园后坐Leonhard的狗拉着的雪橇。离开那儿8年后我们又回到那儿参加了一次老邻
居的聚会。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的描述“爸妈忙于工作没时间管我,于是我就自己去找一
些麻烦”可推断出作者的父母当时很忙,所以答案为C项。A、B两项文中没有提及;D
项与原文意思不符。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的描述“我试图点燃一桶油漆,可是火没有真的着起来,
倒是冒出了很多的烟,就连警察都到了现场”可知在作者4岁那年差点酿成一场火灾,所
以答案为D项。A、B两项文中没有提及;而C项与原文意思不符。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的描述“那个时候我不知道他到底是多大的一个
超级明星,但是我分明记得他驾驶雪橇的技术很好”可知答案为A项。1950年也就是作
者11岁的时候就搬离了阿拉斯加,排除B项;1950年后作者又回了那儿一次而不是经常
回去,排除C项;文中没有提及那次坐雪橇给作者带来了什么伤害,排除D项。
4.A 主旨大意题。作者写本文是在回忆自己在阿拉斯加度过的那段充满冒险的童年时
光,通过几个印象深刻的例子突出了作者对那段时光的留恋,所以答案为A项。B项:描
写阿拉斯加的极端天气;C项:表达自己是多么想念Leonhard;D项:为了炫耀自己惹事带
来的自豪感。这些都是其中回忆的几个细节,综合起来才是真正的写作目的。
Passage 23 (2014四川,C)
A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious
allergic(过敏的)reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy,nine,restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home
and stopped breathing.
Izzy’s mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in
time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.
However,she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough,so she stamped on her
father’s chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压)until the
ambulance arrived.
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Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said:“I just kicked him really hard.My
mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn’t strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The
doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to
hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She’s a little star,”said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just can’t believe
what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor
turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we’ve got to see an
expert.”
Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to
hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so
serious that his airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped
suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest .
A.to express her helplessness
B.to practise CPR on him
C.to keep him awake
D.to restart his heart
2.What’s the right order of the events?
①Izzy kicked Colm.
②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR.
④Colm’s heart stopped.
A.③①②④ B.④②③①
C.③④②① D.④③①②
3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?
A.What Colm suffered.
B.Colm’s present condition.
C.What caused Colm’s allergy.
D.Symptoms of Colm’s allergic reaction.
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4.Why does the author write the news?
A.To describe a serious accident.
B.To prove the importance of CPR.
C.To report a 9-year-old girl’s brave act.
D.To call people’s attention to allergic reaction.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。35岁的卡车司机Colm在家中因为过敏
而心跳骤停,挽救他生命的不是随后赶来的救护车,也不是他的妻子,而是他还在上小学的
9岁的女儿。你知道这个小女孩是怎么挽救了自己爸爸的生命的吗?是靠她那双小脚丫。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping(踩) on his
chest可知答案为D项,她这么做是为了让爸爸的心脏重新跳动。
2.C 细节理解题。首先应该是女儿Izzy学会了急救知识CPR③,某一天Colm的心脏突
然停止了跳动④;看到这一突发状况,妻子Debbie立即拨打急救电话999②;女儿Izzy开
始用脚丫踩爸爸的胸膛进行急救①。由此可知答案为C项。
3.A 主旨大意题。由第八段的suffered a mystery allergic reaction...The second attack was
so serious that...可知这一段主要是描述Colm到底患了什么病,所以答案为A项。B、D
两项是该段的细节而不是主题;该段没有介绍是什么导致他过敏,故排除C项。
4.C 主旨大意题。作者一开始描述这个小女孩用自己的急救知识来挽救父亲生命的经
过,接下来是小女孩的妈妈对此事的描述。所以作者写这篇文章就是为了向读者报道这
样的一件事,所以答案为C项。
Passage 24 (2014浙江,C)
Last summer,two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in
Montana,to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco.The houses were made of
wood.These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil;now
they hold Twitter engineers.
The cottages could be an example of the industry’s odd love affair with “low technology”,a
concept associated with the natural world,and with old-school craftsmanship(手艺)that exists
long before the Internet era.Low technology is not virtual(虚拟的)—so,to take advantage of
it,Internet companies have had to get creative.The rescued wood cottages,fitted by hand in the
late eighteen-hundreds,are an obvious example,but Twitter’s designs lie on the extreme
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end.Other companies are using a broader interpretation(阐释)of low technology that focuses
on nature.
Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees,so that employees can “work and
socialize in a more natural,park-like setting”.At Google’s office,an entire floor is carpeted in
grass.Facebook’s second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.
Olle Lundberg,the founder of Lundberg Design,has worked with many tech companies over
the years.“We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives,and our tech engineers are
the ones who feel most impoverished(贫乏的),because they’re surrounded by the digital
world,”he says.“They’re looking for a way to regain their individual identity,and we’ve found
that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.”
This craft-based theory is rooted in history.William Morris,the English artist and writer,turned
back to pre-indu-strial arts in the eighteen-sixties,just after the Industrial Revolution.The Arts
and Crafts movement defined itself against machines.“Without creative human
occupation,people became disconnected from life,”Morris said.
Research has shown that natural environments can restore(恢复)our mental capacities.In
Japan,patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe”,taking walks through woods to lower their
blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well.Rachel Kaplan,a professor of
environmental psychology,has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural
environments.Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even
simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying.If
low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of
employees then,fine,bring on the cottages.
1.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that .
A.Twitter is having a hard time
B.old cottages are in need of protection
C.early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana
D.Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology
2.Low technology is regarded as something that .
A.is related to nature
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B.is out of date today
C.consumes too much energy
D.exists in the virtual world
3.The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings .
A.have destroyed many pre-industrial arts
B.have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts
C.can become intelligent by learning history
D.can regain their individual identity by using machines
4.The writer’s attitude to “low technology” can best be described as .
A.positive B.defensive
C.cautious D.doubtful
5.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Past Glories,Future Dreams.
B.The Virtual World,the Real Challenge.
C.High-tech Companies,Low-tech Offices.
D.The More Craftsmanship,the Less Creativity.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材是科普知识类。文章由Twitter公司将19世纪的小木屋
改造成工程师的办公室引入,介绍了当今一些高科技公司采用“低科技的”(实则亲近自
然的)技术和理念来打造办公场所,指出这样的办公场所有助于减轻压力和提高效率。
1.D 推理判断题。结合本文主旨以及后文内容可以推出D为正确选项。作者提及这个
信息就是为了引出主旨benefits of low technology。其他选项与文章主旨无直接关系。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“associated with the natural world”,可知A为正
确选项。
3.B 主旨大意题。第五段第一句为主题句,即这种工艺理念在人类历史上是根深蒂固的,
故B为正确选项。
4.A 推理判断题。由文章主旨,尤其是文章后两段可以看出,作者赞同“自然化的环境
有助于病人恢复健康,有助于员工改善工作状态”的观点,故A选项“赞成的”为正确选
项。B选项为“怀有戒心的”;C选项为“谨慎的”;D选项为“怀疑的”,均为错误选项。
5.C 主旨大意题。结合文章主旨内容,其核心词就是 high-tech,low-tech,所以C项正确。
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[温馨提示] 1.These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana
soil...早期的移民在蒙大拿州开荒时曾在这些小屋里住过……
2.Other companies are using a broader interpretation(阐释)of low technology that focuses on
nature.其他公司正在使用更广义的、注重自然的低端技术。
Passage 25 (2013课标全国Ⅰ,A)
Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take my
family’s last vacation.It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school,and we were
heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week-long trip.The flight was overbooked,and
Delta,the airline,offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next
day.I had meetings in New York,so I had to get back.But that didn’t mean my husband and
my son couldn’t stay.I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.
The next day,my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.Yes,I
encouraged—okay,ordered—them to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more Delta
Dollars.Our total take:$1,600.Not bad,huh?
Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as a big-
time bargain hunter,I know the value of a dollar.And these days,a good deal is something few
of us can afford to pass up.
I’ve made a living looking for the best deals and exposing(揭露)the worst tricks.I have been
the consumer reporter of NBC’s Today show for over a decade.I have written a couple of
books including one titled Tricks of the Trade:A Consumer Survival Guide.And I really do
what I believe in.
I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money’s worth.I’m also tightfisted
when it comes to shoes,clothes for my children,and expensive restaurants.But I wouldn’t
hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape longer,and it’s the first thing people
notice.And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.Quality lasts.
1.Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?
A.They took a later flight.
B.They had early bookings.
C.Their flight had been delayed.
D.Their flight had been cancelled.
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2.What can we learn about the author?
A.She rarely misses a good deal.
B.She seldom makes a compromise.
C.She is very strict with her children.
D.She is interested in cheap products.
3.What does the author do?
A.She’s a teacher.
B.She’s a housewife.
C.She’s a media person.
D.She’s a businesswoman.
4.What does the author want to tell us?
A.How to expose bad tricks.
B.How to reserve airline seats.
C.How to spend money wisely.
D.How to make a business deal.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点,即如何获取金钱的最大利用价
值,理性消费。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第五句可知,因为航班机票超额预订,航空公司(Delta)补
偿我们每人400美金,要我们放弃座位,第二天再离开。故选A(他们乘坐了较晚的航班)。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,作为一名一流的讨价还价高手,我知道每一
美元的价值。由此推断,A项(她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易)符合文意。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中I have been the consumer reporter以及I have written a
couple of books可知,作者是一个媒体人,而非教师、家庭主妇和女商人。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句(我告诉你们这个是因为得到金钱的价值并不是
一件让人羞愧的事)可推断出,作者想要告诉我们如何明智地花费金钱。
[高级词块] ①pass up拒绝 ②there is no shame in doing sth.做某事不丢人
③tightfisted adj.吝啬的
Passage 26 (2013北京,C)
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Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,today’s stars,feeling like zoo
animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the
world’s attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids(小
报)publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do
anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal,celebrities—famous people—worry constantly
about their public appearance.Eventually,they start to lose track of who they really are,seeing
themselves the way their fans imagine them,not as the people they were before everyone
knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century
B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his
admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,his sold-out readings
attracted thousands of fans,leading him to complain(抱怨)about his lack of privacy.Tabloids
of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern
tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot
move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say
something silly or do something ridiculous,there is always the Internet to spread the news in
minutes and keep their “story”alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome,why aren’t all celebrities running away from it?The answer is there
are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted
friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on
how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first
place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often
complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.
1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today .
A.are often misunderstood by the public
B.can no longer have their privacy protected
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C.spend too much on their public appearance
D.care little about how they have come into fame
2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?
A.Availability of modern media.
B.Inadequate social recognition.
C.Lack of favorable chances.
D.Huge population of fans.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?
A.Sincere.
B.Sceptical.
C.Disapproving.
D.Sympathetic.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。作者主要对现在的名人没有隐私的问题发表了自己的看法。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二、三、四句“They are at the center of much of
the world’s attention. Paparazzi camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids publish
thrilling stories about their personal lives.”可知现在的明星没有隐私,故选择B项。
2.B 主旨大意题。此段通过列举历史上的名人所遇到的麻烦来证明名人所遇到的问题
由来已久,故选择B项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段所描述内容可知以Internet为代表的现代媒介令名人们
的处境更加不易,故此题选择A项。
4.D 推理判断题。通读全文可以发现,作者对现代名人没有批判、怀疑或是大加鼓励,
倒是同情他们没有隐私、体谅他们难处的句子频繁出现,故此题应选择D项sympathetic
同情的。sincere真诚的;sceptical怀疑的;disapproving不赞同的。
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[长难句] Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today’s stars,
feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.尽管成名或许听起
来就像梦想实现了一样,可如今的明星感觉就像动物园的动物,承受着少有人能够想象的
压力。
本句是复合句,although引导让步状语从句;feeling like zoo animals是现在分词短语作状
语,主句为today’s stars face pressures that few of us can imagine。
Passage 27 (2013湖南,B)
In my living room,there is a plaque(匾)that advises me to“Bloom(开花)where you are
planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy.I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s,when I was
teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in
Barbourville,Kentucky.The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of
each teacher in the program.Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her
remote area.
Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County,Kentucky,Appalachian Mountain area.To get to
her school from the town of Harlan,I followed a road winding around the mountain.In the
eight-mile journey,I crossed the same railroad track five times,giving the possibility of getting
caught by the same train five times.Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the
mountains,I found it depressing.The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses
gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.
From the moment of my arrival at the little school,all gloom(忧郁)disappeared.Upon arriving
at Dorothy’s classroom,I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.The children
had been prepared to show me their latest projects.Dorothy told me with a big smile that they
were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner”(lunch).In case you don’t
know,poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild,especially on poor ground.
Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students.Her enthusiasm never
cooled down.When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her
Child Development Associate Certification,Dorothy was ready.She came to the assessment
and passed in all areas.Afterward,she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area
to celebrate her victory,as if she had received her Ph.D.degree.After the meal,she placed a
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little box containing an old pen in my hand.She said it was a family heirloom(传家宝),but to
me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.
1.“Early Childhood Development”in Paragraph 1 refers to .
A.a program directed by Dorothy
B.a course given by the author
C.an activity held by the students
D.an organization sponsored by Union College
2.In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing .
A.the long track
B.the poor houses
C.the same train
D.the winding road
3.Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by .
A.a warm welcome
B.the sight of poke greens
C.Dorothy’s latest projects
D.a big dinner made for her
4.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?
A.She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
B.She got a pen as a gift from the author.
C.She passed the required assessment.
D.She received her Ph.D.degree.
5.What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A.Whatever you do,you must do it carefully.
B.Whoever you are,you deserve equal treatment.
C.However poor you are,you have the right to education.
D.Wherever you are,you can accomplish your achievement.
答案
[语篇解读] 我在20世纪80年代的时候通过一项教育工程认识了Dorothy。我来到了
Dorothy的家乡,看到那里人们的生活条件很艰苦但人却很热情和努力。Dorothy的热情
和努力也感染了我,使我对生活有了更深的认识。
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1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的when I was teaching Early Childhood Development可
知Early Childhood Development指的是作者教授的一门课程。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“贫困水平令人震惊,破旧的房屋给了作者一种无比绝
望的感觉(The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest
feeling of hopelessness.)”得知“作者感到失望是因为看见了破旧的房屋”。
3.A 细节理解题。第三段中提到“从到达那所小学校的第一刻起,我所有的忧郁都消失
了(From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom disappeared),我受到了热情
的欢迎并得到了女王般的待遇(I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen)”,
由此可知选A项。
4.C 细节理解题。由She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.可知选C项“她
通过了要求的评定条件”。
5.D 主旨大意题。在这篇文章中,作者主要想告诉我们的是“无论你在哪儿,你都可以
取得成就”。根据第一句In my living room, there is a plaque that advises me to “Bloom
where you are planted.”“哪里扎根,哪里开花”,即无论你人在哪儿,只要努力就会取得成就。
Passage 28 (2013江苏,B)
We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line:hiring line standers, buying
tickets from scalpers(票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an
airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting
your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service).
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and
each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first
served”have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and
deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not
govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that
comes along,simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different
activities, properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the
recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your
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bank:“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for
the morals of the queue.It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered
faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score”incoming calls and to
give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue
jumping.
Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we
distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets
to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern
life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping
schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’
offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.
The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern,but these are
not the only places that markets have entered.
1.According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle“First
come,first served”?
A.Taking buses.
B.Buying houses.
C.Flying with an airline.
D.Visiting amusement parks.
2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates .
A.the necessity of patience in queuing
B.the advantage of modern technology
C.the uncertainty of allocation principle
D.the fairness of telephonic services
3.The passage is meant to .
A.justify paying for faster services
B.discuss the morals of allocating things
C.analyze the reason for standing in line
D.criticize the behavior of queue jumping
答案
第 60 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材属于社会生活类。文章阐述了社会分配的方式问题。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一、二句可知,这种法则适用于乘公共汽车,但不
适用于所有场合,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。第四、五段的例子是为了论证第四段第一句,即分配原则是不确定的,
标准是可变的,故选C。
3.B 主旨大意题。文章前五段论述了两种不同的分配方式,即market和queue,最后一段
还论述了除上述两种分配方式以外的其他分配方式。故B项最贴近文章主旨。
Passage 29 (2013山东,A)
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic,but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good
heart,but always feared applying for a new job.
One day,he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment
was at 10 am and it was already 8:30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was
supposed to be interviewed,he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his
car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend
him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car,the old man asked him how much he
should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him;he just helped someone
in need,and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said,“Well,I could take you to
the office for your interview.It’s the least I could do.Please,I insist.”Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had
some grease on him after the car repair,but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a
change of shirt.One by one,the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed looks
on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing
the office window.Rocking the chair back and forth,he asked,“Do you really need to be
interviewed?”Jimmy’s heart sank.“With the way I look now,how could I possibly pass this
interview?”he thought to himself.
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise,it was the old man he helped
earlier in the morning.It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
“Sorry I had to keep you waiting,but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as
part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office.I just know you’d be a
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trustworthy worker.Congratulations!”Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved
coffee as he landed himself a new job.
1.Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?
A.He was out of work.
B.He was bored with his job.
C.He wanted a higher position.
D.He hoped to find a better boss.
2.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?
A.A friend’s car had a flat tyre.
B.A wild man was pushing a car.
C.A terrible car accident happened.
D.An old man’s car broke down.
3.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?
A.He was also to be interviewed.
B.He needed a travelling companion.
C.He always helped people in need.
D.He was thankful to Jimmy.
4.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer’s question?
A.He was sorry for the other applicants.
B.There was no hope for him to get the job.
C.He regretted helping the old man.
D.The interviewer was very rude.
5.What can we learn from Jimmy’s experience?
A.Where there’s a will,there’s a way.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.Good is rewarded with good.
D.Two heads are better than one.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是个人情感与人际关系。Jimmy在去参加工作面试途
中发现一位老人的车子抛锚了,于是就帮助老人修好了车,却弄脏了自己。他能顺利通过
面试吗?善良的行为会得到什么回报呢?
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1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的but he lost his job a few months ago可知答案为A项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的...he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.
Obviously there was something wrong with the car.可知答案为D项。
3.D 推理判断题。由第二段内容可知,Jimmy帮老人修好了车,又没有收老人钱。当老
人得知Jimmy要急着去参加工作面试时,老人坚持开车把他送到面试地点。由此推断出
老人这么做是出自对Jimmy的感激之情,故选D项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据Jimmy听到面试官的问题后心里所想“我现在的样子怎么可能
通过面试呢?”可推断出Jimmy认为自己这次面试没有一点希望了,故选B项。
5.C 主旨大意题。本文的主人公Jimmy因为自己的善良顺利通过了面试,由此可知:善
有善报。A:有志者事竟成;B:患难见真情;C:善有善报;D:三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。故选C
项。
Passage 30 (2013浙江,C)
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from
the moment it is born,the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its
mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any
large,warm,and soft object in its environment,particularly if that object also gives it
milk.After a week or so,however,the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its
attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代物).
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心
理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The Harlows,a couple who are both
psychologists,discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-
substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers
were both the same temperature,the little monkeys always preferred the cloth
mother.However,if the wire model was heated,while the cloth model was cool,for the first two
weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their
favorites.Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth
mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire?Something that the Harlows called contact(接触)comfort
seems to be the answer,and a most powerful influence it is.Baby monkeys spend much of
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their time rubbing against their mothers’ skins,putting themselves in as close contact with the
parent as they can.Whenever the young animal is frightened,disturbed,or annoyed,it typically
rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body.Wire doesn’t “rub”as well as does soft
cloth.Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort”with a cloth mother appears to give the babies
confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows,the basic quality of a baby’s love for its mother is trust.If the baby
is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother,the baby ignores the toys no matter how
interesting they might be.It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth
mother is now introduced into the playroom,the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear
life.After a few minutes of contact comfort,it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then
climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys,but often rushes back
for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well.Bit
by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing
with the toys and less and less time holding onto its“mother”.
1.Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its
life?
A.Warmth. B.Milk.
C.Contact. D.Trust.
2.After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire
mother because the former is .
A.larger in size
B.closer to them
C.less frightening and less disturbing
D.more comfortable to rub against
3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?
A.Attention.
B.Softness.
C.Confidence.
D.Interest.
4.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, .
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A.it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B.it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C.it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D.it cares less about whether its mother is still around
5.The main purpose of the passage is to .
A.give the reasons for the experiment
B.present the findings of the experiment
C.introduce the method of the experiment
D.describe the process of the experiment
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为动物研究。作者通过具体实验结果来说明幼猴比婴
儿智商更发达。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话During the first two weeks of its life warmth is...
可知答案。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知两周后,小猴子最需要的是与母性接触获得安慰,而
电线的触感不及布料。故D项正确。
3.C 推理判断题。由第三段可知小猴子在与“母亲”的接触中获得的是自信。
4.D 推理判断题。从文章的最后一段的描述可以看出,当小猴子被放在一个陌生的环境
中,它就会因为害怕而对玩具没有任何兴趣,但是,当它确信它“妈妈”在场的时候,它就
会cares less它的“妈妈”了。
5.B 主旨大意题。从通篇内容来看,文章主要是为了呈现实验发现。B项符合。
Passage 31 (2013重庆,E)
It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a
fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnson’s famous comment that“When two
English meet,their first talk is of weather.”Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now
as it was over two hundred years ago,most commentators fail to come up with a convincing
explanation for this English weather-speak.
Bill Bryson,for example,concludes that,as the English weather is not at all exciting,the
obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that“To an outsider,the most striking
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thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.”Simply,the reason is that
the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.
Jeremy Paxman,however,disagrees with Bryson,arguing that the English weather is by nature
attractive.Bryson is wrong,he says,because the English preference for the weather has nothing
to do with the natural phenomena.“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves,but in
uncertainty.”According to him,the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it
attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the
English.Both commentators,somehow,are missing the point.The English weather conversation
is not really about the weather at all.English weather-speak is a system of signs,which is
developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each
other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather
data.Rather,they are routine greetings,conversation starters or the blank“fillers”.In other
words,English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.
1.The author mentions Dr. Johnson’s comment to show that .
A.most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson
B.Dr.Johnson is famous for his weather observation
C.the comment was accurate two hundred years ago
D.English conversations usually start with the weather
2.What does the underlined word“obsession”most probably refer to?
A.A social trend.
B.An emotional state.
C.A historical concept.
D.An unknown phenomenon.
3.According to the passage, Jeremy Paxman believes that .
A.Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather
B.there is nothing special about the English weather
C.the English weather attracts people to the British Isles
D.English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty
4.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A.To explain what English weather-speak is about.
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B.To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.
C.To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.
D.To convince people that the English weather is changeable.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会文化类,主要介绍了对英国人见面谈论天气的不
同看法。
1.D 推理判断题。第一段作者首先提出英国人见面谈论天气这一现象,接着就给出了
Dr.Johnson的评论,由此可判断引用Dr.Johnson评论的目的是说明这一现象的普遍,故选
D项。
2.B 猜测词义题。第二段提到Bill Bryson认为由于英国的天气一点也不让人兴奋,所以
人们见面就谈天气的这种痴迷令人费解。可推断obsession的意思是“痴迷”,是一种情
感状态,故选B。A:社会趋势;B:情感状态;C:历史概念;D:未知现象。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves,but in
uncertainty.”可知人们见面谈论天气的兴趣不在天气本身,而在于天气的不确定性,故选
D。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段首先引出英国人见面爱谈天气的现象,第二段和第三段分
别阐述了Bill Bryson和Jeremy Paxman对这一现象的两种相反观点,最后一段提出了自
己的观点:英国人见面谈论天气是社交的一种手段,可判断文章的写作目的是剖析英国人
见面谈天气的原因。
[长难句] Jeremy Paxman,however,disagrees with Bryson,arguing that the English
weather is by nature attractive.然而,Jeremy Paxman和Bryson持有相反的观点。Jeremy
争辩说英国的天气在本质上是吸引人的。
句中arguing...作伴随状语,that引导的从句作及物动词argue的宾语。
Passage 32 (2012课标全国,D)
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as
children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go
swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get
on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his
son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem
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that begins “Twinkle,twinkle,little star”or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and
the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once we have
learned something,additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle riding,and
playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind
ourselves of words such as “Twinkle,twinkle,little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella
and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget
rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another of the things we
overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination,though it may
result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming,a
student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon
to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning,on the other hand,is really
necessary for one’s future development.
1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D.Stories for children are easy to remember.
2.The author explains the law of overlearning by .
A.presenting research findings
B.setting down general rules
C.making a comparison
D.using examples
3.According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is .
A.a result of overlearning
B.a special case of cramming
C.a skill to deal with math problems
D.a basic step towards advanced studies
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4.What is the author’s opinion on cramming?
A.It leads to failure in college exams.
B.It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C.It’s possible to result in poor memory.
D.It increases students’ learning interest.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。为什么我们儿时学到的东西在间隔了多年后仍然记忆犹新?
这也许是由“过度学习法则”所决定的。
1.A 主旨大意题。本段的第一句话为主题句,可以概括本段主题,即人们通常会记得儿
时学到的一些东西,下文主要对此进行举例说明。
2.D 推理判断题。文章第三段列举了很多例子来解释说明the law of overlearning,如游
泳、骑自行车、打棒球等。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“...because they are another of the things we
overlearn in childhood.”可知,能运用乘法口诀也是因为在儿时的“过度学习”。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,突击学习对于考试虽然有帮助,但却不利于大学
的学习。由此可知,突击学习的帮助是有限的。
[长难句] A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still
swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.当多年没有机会游泳的人重新
回到水里时,依然能和过去一样游得非常好。
who引导定语从句,修饰先行词man;when引导时间状语从句。as well as在句中意为
“和……一样好”。
题组二 最佳标题
Passage 1 (2020天津,D)话题:怀疑精神 难度:中 词数:421
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the
difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance, curiosity and
discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never
known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition. Galileo was
not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at
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Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were
curious and asked in discontent, “Why?Why?Why?”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. We are born with them and
need only recapture them.
“The great man,”said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”Yet most of
us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the
crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy
our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked
them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably
have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start?Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who
couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now
she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven’t any special ability? Most
people don’t; there are only a few geniuses. You haven’t any time?That’s good, because it’s
always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts
of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking. You’re too old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57
when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when
she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you’ll never
be more alive than you are at this moment.
1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A.propose a definition
B.make a comparison
C.reach a conclusion
D.present an argument
2.What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
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C.Creativity results from challenging authority.
D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A.Observe the unknown around you.
B.Develop a questioning mind.
C.Lead a life of adventure.
D.Follow the fashion.
4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B.Reflections on Human Nature
C.The Keys to Achievement
D.Never Too Late to Learn
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是好奇心和不满足。
本文旨在教育学生唤醒好奇心和不满足,完善自我。
1.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写第一段的目的是 。这是一篇议论文,作
者在第一段亮出自己的观点。D项“提出一个论点”正确。A:提议一个定义;B:作一个
比较;C:得出一个结论。
2.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:伽利略的例子告诉我们什么?根据第二段的尾句可
知,D项“伟大来自持续的探索欲望”正确。 A:反复试验通向真理的发现; B:科学家一
般是好奇的、有野心的;C:创造力因挑战权威产生。
3.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:你能做什么来重获好奇心和不满足?根据文中第四段
可知,作者认为要想重获好奇心和不满足,应该有怀疑精神。故答案为B项“培养怀疑的
思维方式”。 A:观察你身边的未知事物;C:过冒险的生活;D:追随时尚。
第 71 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第六段和第七段我们可以获知什么?由第六段和第
七段可知C项“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”正确。A:获得成功帮你成为
专家; B:天才往往创造性地完成事情;D:当趋于完美时,你应该保持谦逊。
5.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的最佳题目是什么?从文章的首段可知,作者提出
论点:有成就的人都具有两种品质。将论点高度概括就是题目“获得成就的关键”。故
C项正确。
高级词块 1.discontent/ˌdɪskənˈtent/ n.不满足 2.modestly/ˈmɒdɪstlɪ/ adv.谦虚地
长难句 However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now,
for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.无论你如何开始,记住没有
比此刻更好的开始时间了,因为你永远不会比此刻更有活力。
however引导让步状语从句,for连接两个并列分句。
Passage 2 (2019天津,B)
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have
as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don’t remember Mom reading me a
storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing Mom say, “I can’t believe
what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,”made me want to grab it out of her hands and
read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried
around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and
then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that
knowing how to read could open many doors. When Mom said, “The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden
on the top shelf,”I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity,
and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly,
so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for
knowledge, and to make A’s on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was
assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I
thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
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Yet, now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more
complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my
burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In
these worlds I can become anyone. I don’t have to write down what happened or what
technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a
vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the
possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
1.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of Mom’s hands?
A.She wanted Mom to read the news to her.
B.She was anxious to know what had happened.
C.She couldn’t wait to tear the newspaper apart.
D.She couldn’t help but stop Mom from reading.
2.According to Paragraph 3, the author’s reading of road signs indicates .
A.her unique way to locate herself
B.her eagerness to develop her reading ability
C.her effort to remind Mom to obey traffic rules
D.her growing desire to know the world around her
3.What was the author’s view on factual reading?
A.It would help her update test-taking skills.
B.It would allow much room for free thinking.
C.It would provide true and objective information.
D.It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.
4.The author takes novel reading as a way to .
A.explore a fantasy land
B.develop a passion for learning
C.learn about the adult community
D.get away from a confusing world
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.The Magic of Reading
B.The Pleasure of Reading
第 73 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
C.Growing Up with Reading
D.Reading Makes a Full Man
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为优秀品行和正确的人
生态度。本文记述了作者的母亲对作者阅读习惯养成的影响。本文侧重学生的学习能
力。
1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者想要把报纸从妈妈手里夺过来?根据本文
第二段前两句可知答案为B项(她迫切地想知道发生了什么)。A项:她想要妈妈给她读
新闻;C项:她迫不及待地要把报纸撕碎;D项:她忍不住要阻止妈妈阅读。
2.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:根据第三段,作者读路标表明 。根据本文第三
段第5、6句话可知答案为D项(她增长的想认识周围世界的渴望)。A项:她独特的自我
定位的方式;B项:她培养自己阅读能力的渴望;C项:她提醒妈妈遵守交通规则的努力。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者对事实阅读的看法是什么?根据本文第四段第4
句话可知答案为C项(它会提供真实并且客观的信息)。A 项:这将有助于她更新应试技
巧;B项:这将给予自由思考大量的空间; D项:这将有助于形成一种现实且认真的生活态
度。
4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者把小说阅读看作是 的一种方式。根据本文
第五段第1句可知答案为D项(逃离令人困惑的世界)。A项:探索奇幻之地;B项:培养学
习的热情;C项:了解成人社区。
5.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:文章的最佳标题可能是什么?通读整篇文章可以判断
出,本文记述了作者的母亲对作者阅读习惯养成的影响以及作者逐渐养成了好的阅读习
惯。由此得知答案为C项(阅读伴随成长)。A项:阅读的魔力;B项:阅读的快乐;D项:阅
读使人充实。
[长难句] By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a
wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.通过打开小说,我可
以抛下我的负担,进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界,在那里我立刻成为一个全新的人物。
本句为主从复合句。主句中的第一个and连接两个并列谓语,where引导的是定语从句,
先行词为a wonderful and mysterious world。
Passage 3 (2019江苏,D)
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The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔兹海
默症). He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only
musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside
the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep
each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with
her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed
willingness to help.
“Why do this?” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares,” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tear in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved
to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart
sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording.“The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in Steve Goodwin.
It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers
clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in
his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being
played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a
song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could
write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording
of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower.”
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Naomi heard multiple stops and starts. Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called
him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he
was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal, songs. With Naomi’s
help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs.
Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi
told the director she had a special one in mind:“Melancholy Flower.”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing
list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It
needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day
of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He
knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded.
Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
1.Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?
A.His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B.She wanted to please her dying old father.
C.His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D.She wanted to make her father a professional.
2.After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi .
A.refused to make a comment on it
B.was deeply impressed by his music
C.decided to free Steve from suffering
D.regretted offering help to her friend
3.How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?
A.It was slow but productive.
B.It was beneficial to his health.
第 76 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
C.It was tiresome for Naomi.
D.It was vital for Naomi’s career.
4.Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower,” his wife Joni .
A.thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
B.didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
C.didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music
D.brought her husband’s music career to perfection
5.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?
A.He felt concerned about his illness.
B.He sensed a responsibility for music.
C.He regained his faith in music.
D.He got into a state of quiet.
6.What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A.The Kindness of Friends
B.The Power of Music
C.The Making of a Musician
D.The Value of Determination
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活、社区生
活和积极的生活态度。文章通过讲述65岁身患阿尔兹海默症的老人Steve在女儿、妻
子和女儿的钢琴家朋友Naomi的帮助下,战胜各种困难,逐步找到自信,使用钢琴进行创
作的故事,帮助学生增强在艰难中认识世界、认识自我的意识,培养其不抛弃、不放弃的
优秀品格。
1.C 细节理解题。由题干中的Melissa want to save her father’s music可定位到文章第三
段。根据该段关键部分felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell
asleep each night when she was young可知,女儿认为爸爸的音乐很有纪念意义,值得保存
下来,故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。由题干After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi .可定位到Naomi
听Steve弹奏之后的语句。根据“It was beautiful,”和“The music was worth saving.”可知,
Naomi对Steve的弹奏很欣赏,印象很深刻(deeply impressed),故选B项。
第 77 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
3.A 细节理解题。由题干中的the process of Steve’s recording可定位到文章中描述
Steve弹奏钢琴的语句。根据Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking.可
知,Steve的弹奏和录音的过程是缓慢的。结合下文可知,他弹奏的录音是富有成效的
(productive)。故选A。
4.C 推理判断题。由题干Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower,” his wife Joni
.可定位到和Steve的妻子有关的段落。根据“Joni thought that would be the end. But it
wasn’t.”和下文提到音乐会的举办可推知,他的妻子当初并未充分意识到她丈夫的音乐的
价值(didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music)。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。由题干中的How did Steve feel at the concert...可定位到文章最后对
Steve参加音乐会的细节介绍。根据文章倒数第二段中“He knew the path his life was
now taking. He told his family he was at peace.”可知,Steve现在的状态很平
静(peace/quiet)。故选D。
6.B 主旨大意题。文章的主线是音乐,讲述了阿尔兹海默症患者Steve在家人和朋友的
鼓励和帮助下,充分发挥自己的音乐才能,获得成功的故事。故选B项(The Power of
Music)作为文章的标题。
[高级词块] passion n.热衷的爱好 privilege n.荣幸;保密权 clumsily adv.笨拙地
multiple adj.多的 figure out弄明白,搞清楚 permission n.许可
Passage 4 (2018天津,C)话题:3D打印技术 难度:中 词数:365
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus:food. Recent
development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale.
And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for
decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a
printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to“re-create forms and pieces”of
food that are“exactly the same,”freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant,
all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性)
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The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate
that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.
Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the
solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful
renewables like algae(藻类)and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D
printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock“food”that
lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage
requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at
Columbia University, said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with
customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread
from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to
overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer
can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact
with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are
restricted to dry ingredients because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts
are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants
than homes and high-end restaurants.
1.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B.It saves time and effort in cooking.
C.It improves the cooking conditions.
D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.
2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?
A.It solves food shortages easily.
B.It quickens the transportation of food.
C.It needs no space for the storage of food.
D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
第 79 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
3.According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food .
A.is more available to consumers
B.can meet individual nutritional needs
C.is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?
A.The printing process is complicated.
B.3D food printers are too expensive.
C.Food materials have to be dry.
D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
5.What could be the best title of the passage?
A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New Technology
B.A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing
C.The Challenges for 3D Food Production
D.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印技术在食品领域的应用。它可以
节省时间,减少制作食物付出的努力,增加食物供应的持续性,增加食品营养的个性化,当
然也面临着很多挑战。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中关键信息on a mass scale(大量地)和第二段第二句话
(不是每一个人都能做到那一点,它需要花费数年的经验,但是一台打印机使它变得简单)
可知,在制作食物时3D打印技术可以节省时间,减少制作食物付出的努力,故选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句(一些专家认为打印机能够使用从像藻类和草等
丰富的可再生资源中获得的水解胶体来代替熟悉的烹饪原料)可确定答案为D项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段直接引语中的第一句话(食物打印能使客户打印含有定制
的有营养的比如维他命的内容的食物)可确定答案为B项。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句话(除了那一点以外,绝大部分3D食物打印机现
在局限于干燥的原料,因为肉和牛奶产品可能容易变质)可确定答案为C项。
5.A 主旨大意题。文章第一句为主题句,它告诉我们文章的主题为3D打印技术的新领
域——食品,接下来主要介绍了这一应用的优点,也提及了它面临的挑战。故选A项。
高级词块 1.on a mass scale 大量地 2.complicated/ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj.复杂的
第 80 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
Passage 5 (2017课标全国Ⅰ,C) 词数 325
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans
to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz
music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow
older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz,
Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its
history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public
Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and
younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s
actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music
has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to
continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance
party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is
concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the
emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about
ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue
about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider
context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to
foster.”
1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A.To remember the birth of jazz.
B.To protect cultural diversity.
C.To encourage people to study music.
D.To recognize the value of jazz.
第 81 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Jazz becoming more accessible.
B.The production of jazz growing faster.
C.Jazz being less popular with the young.
D.The jazz audience becoming larger.
3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A.It will disappear gradually.
B.It remains black and white.
C.It should keep up with the times.
D.It changes every 50 years.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Exploring the Future of Jazz
B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C.The Story of a Jazz Musician
D.Celebrating the Jazz Day
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日,以此来
提高人们对爵士乐的认识,突出它的重要性。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话 “...to raise awareness of jazz music, its
significance, and...”可知,联合国教科文组织把这一天定为国际爵士乐日是为了提高人们
对爵士乐的认识,突出它的重要性,即让人们认可它的价值,所以答案为D项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述“在美国爵士乐的观众越来越少,年纪也越来越
大,这种音乐和年轻一代失去了联系。改变这一点正是Jason Moran的工作。”可知答
案为C项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “It has to continue to move, because...”可知,Moran
认为爵士乐需要不断地前进,因为当今的世界和以前已经不一样了。由此推断出Moran
对爵士乐的看法应该是:爵士乐应该跟上时代的脚步。所以答案为C项。
4.A 主旨要义题。第一段作者提到为了让人们认可爵士乐的价值而设立了国际爵士乐
日;后面描述了爵士乐的现状,指出了为什么现在的年轻人不接受它;再结合最后一段中
的“so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”可知,本文的
主题就是探索爵士乐的未来,答案为A项。
第 82 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
Passage 6 (2017课标全国Ⅱ,C) 词数 317
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,
bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The
vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can
be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can
reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank
of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go
on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the
public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too
many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic.
The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an
airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making
the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special
materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash
tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five
years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than
those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and
complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would
find relatively easy to meet.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.The basic data of the Transition.
B.The advantages of flying cars.
C.The potential market for flying cars.
D.The designers of the Transition.
2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A.It causes traffic jams.
B.It is difficult to operate.
第 83 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
C.It is very expensive.
D.It burns too much fuel.
3.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
A.Cautious.
B.Favorable.
C.Ambiguous.
D.Disapproving.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Flying Car at Auto Show
B.The Transition’s First Flight
C.Pilots’ Dream Coming True
D.Flying Car Closer to Reality
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为一篇新闻报道,介绍了一种可飞行的汽车的研发情况。内容包括其
基本技术数据信息以及预计价格,政府对该产品研发在政策上的支持以及对未来驾驶这
种车辆的人员的要求等。
1.A 主旨要义题。第一段中首先转述了Terrafugia公司的消息,接着详细介绍了这种能
飞行的汽车的资料:两个座位、四个轮子、上个月在1,400英尺的高空飞行了8分钟、
速度在道路上大约每小时70英里、在空中每小时约115英里以及油耗等。所以第一段
主要介绍了这种汽车的基本资料,答案为A项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “But don’t expect it to show up in too many
driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.” 可推断出,这种汽车不可能在路上大量出现的
原因是这种汽车的价格昂贵。故答案为C项。
3.B 推理判断题。文章没有直接表述政府态度的语句,但根据第三段中的 “The
government has already permitted the company to use...”可知,政府已经许可这个公司使用
特殊材料让这种车更容易飞起来。由此推断出政府的态度是肯定的,所以答案为B项。
4.D 主旨要义题。根据第一段第一句话 “...bringing the company closer to its goal of
selling the flying car within the next year.”以及后文对这种汽车的现状和前景的详细描述
可推断出本文的主题应该是:快要成为现实的飞行汽车。所以答案为D项。
Passage 7 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,D) 词数 324
第 84 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a
mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older
drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-
being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for
older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed
adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in
the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom
to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results
in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in
their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is
helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and
how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but
surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so
were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the
benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older
drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A.To explore new means of transport.
B.To design new types of cars.
C.To find out older drivers’ problems.
D.To teach people traffic rules.
2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A.It keeps them independent.
B.It helps them save time.
第 85 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
C.It builds up their strength.
D.It cures their mental illnesses.
3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A.Improve their driving skills.
B.Develop driver-assist technologies.
C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D.Organize regular physical checkups.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.A New Model Electric Car
B.A Solution to Traffic Problems
C.Driving Services for Elders
D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了纽卡斯尔大学智能交通工具研究团队把一
辆电动汽车变成了一个移动实验室,其目的是了解老年人驾驶车辆时所面临的各种挑战
并找到老年人的重要压力点,以便运用科技手段辅助老年人克服各种困难,保障他们的驾
车安全,从而延长他们的驾龄。
1.C 推理判断题。 短文第一段就明确指出,纽卡斯尔大学智能交通工具研究团队把一
辆电动汽车变成了一个移动实验室,其目的是了解老年人驾车所面临的各种挑战,并找到
老年人的重要压力点。文章第六段中Amy Guo博士进一步解释说DriveLAB有助于他
们了解老年驾车者的重要压力点和所面临的各种困难。由此可判断出C项为正确选项。
2.A 推理判断题。由短文第四段可知,对于很多老年人,特别是独自生活或生活在乡下
的老人来说,驾车在他们保持独立自主、不依靠别人就能自由到外面活动方面至关重要。
依据上述信息,可判断出正确选项为A。
3.B 推理判断题。第一个信息点在短文第三段,该段说纽卡斯尔大学研究团队正在为老
年驾驶者研发车载技术,希望这些技术能帮助老年人延长驾龄。第二个信息点在最后一
段的“technological solutions to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel”。由
以上信息可知,B项正确。
4.D 主旨要义题。由第三段最后一句中help them to continue driving into later life可知
D项正确。
第 86 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
Passage 8 (2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they
may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show
stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as
extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with
conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for
understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among
people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from
one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the
person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures,
silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among
people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian,
French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the
topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a
person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still
another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an
elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they
come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize
their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not
interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the
healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from
their own and from other cultures.
1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A.It implies anger.
B.It promotes friendship.
C.It is culture-specific.
第 87 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
D.It is content-based.
2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A.The Chinese.
B.The French.
C.The Mexicans.
D.The Russians.
3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B.Break it while treating patients.
C.Evaluate its harm to patients.
D.Make use of its healing effects.
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A.Sound and Silence
B.What It Means to Be Silent
C.Silence to Native Americans
D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了沉默在不同风俗中所表达的不同意义及其
在医疗方面的作用。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章前三段可知沉默在不同风俗中所表达的含义不同,由此可判
断在谈话中的沉默是有风俗特性的,故选C项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知正如一些传统的中国人和泰国人做的那样,许多
印第安人重视沉默,认为沉默是交流的一个基本的部分。并且在这些风俗里,沉默是一个
思考的需要。根据第二段的Chinese and Thai persons 可将B、C、D排除。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知护士和其他护理人员要明白沉默的治疗价值,
并且使用这种方式帮助来自自己风俗的或其他风俗的病人,故选D项。其他三项文中未
提到。
4.B 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是沉默在各个风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗
方面的作用,故选B项,意为“沉默的意义”。A项“声音和沉默”,文中未提及声音。C
项显然只是说美国人,有些片面。D项“说话是银,沉默是金”,与文章内容不符。
第 88 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
Passage 9 (2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They
choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com
turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.
BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person
leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide
with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says,“The two things that change
your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever
finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-
mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have
been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to
gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real”and not the
virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred
thirty-five countries.
1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A.To explain what they are.
B.To introduce BookCrossing.
C.To stress the importance of reading.
D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.
2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The book.
B.An adventure.
C.A public place.
D.The identification number.
3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
第 89 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
A.Meet other readers to discuss it.
B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.
C.Pass it on to another reader.
D.Mail it back to its owner.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Online Reading:A Virtual Tour
B.Electronic Books:A New Trend
C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back
D.A Website Links People through Books
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网站BookCrossing.com用一种新型的
书的传递方式,将人们通过书联系了起来。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知作者提到book groups是为了介绍网
站BookCrossing.com的新颖的读书模式,因此选B。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知,那个人将读过的书留在公共场合,希
望那本书有一次冒险经历,伴随着每一个发现它的新的读者到处旅行。
3.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知,读过书的人会将书留在公园的长凳上、
公交车上、火车站里和咖啡店里,同时根据第五段倒数第一句可判断这个想法是针对那
些不把书放在家里让它们落一层尘土的慷慨的人的,故选C项。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据全文可知,文章主要讲述的是一种新型的读书方式,通过书的传
递使人们从虚拟世界回到真实的世界。由此可判断是这个网站将人们联系了起来,故选
D项。
Passage 10 (2016四川,D)
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good
night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked
from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has
been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk
powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
第 90 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active
and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study
published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to
now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at
night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of
the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as
the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime,
the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk .
A.started sleep more easily
B.were more anxious
C.were less active
D.woke up later
2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A.It’s been tested on mice for ten times.
B.It can make people more energetic.
C.It exists in milk in great amount.
D.It’s used in sleeping drugs.
3.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Night Milk and Sleep
B.Fat, Sugar and Health
C.An Experiment on Mice
D.Milk Drinking and Health
4.How does the author support the theme of the text?
A.By giving examples.
B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data.
第 91 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
D.By providing research results.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。文章主要阐述了牛在夜间产出的
牛奶和睡眠之间的关系,科研人员对此进行了实验,发现这样的牛奶有助于睡眠。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知:那些被喂食了夜间产出的含十倍量褪黑激素牛
奶的老鼠和被喂食了白天产出的牛奶的老鼠相比积极性要差些,也不容易焦躁,故答案为
B 项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第六段可知:建议晚上睡眠有困难的人服用褪黑激素药物,
故答案为D 项,褪黑激素被用于安眠药中。
3.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段就给出了本文的主题:夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系,
夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠,故答案为A项。
4.D 推理判断题。文章是通过一系列的研究结果来支持主题的,所以D 项正确。
[高级词块] ①nod off打瞌睡 ②skimmed milk脱脂奶
[长难句] Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of
melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected
during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.根
据发表在The Journal of Medicinal Food的一项研究,那些被喂食了夜间产出的含十倍
量褪黑激素牛奶的老鼠和被喂食了白天产出的牛奶的老鼠相比积极性要差些,也不容易
焦躁。
本句是复合句。given night milk 作第一个those的定语;which引导的定语从句修饰
night milk; fed with the milk collected during daytime是第二个those的定语,其中
collected during daytime作它前面milk的定语。
Passage 11 (2016天津,D)
Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing
more tiring than not succeeding.
We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫)and performance fatigue.
In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too
difficult.And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.
第 92 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles
and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most
difficult job first.
Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors.
Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never
letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult
task of essay-writing.Experience proved that the rule works.
Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot
seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail
again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious take
over.
When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of
contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and
day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became
almost unbearable.
One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be
solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me.
Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that
followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every
step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as
failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.
1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .
A.delay tasks
B.work hard
C.seek help
D.accept failure
2.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?
A.Writing essays in strict order.
B.Building up physical strength.
第 93 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.
D.Dealing with the hardest task first.
3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?
A.Before starting a difficult task.
B.When all the solutions fail.
C.If the job is rather boring.
D.After finding a way out.
4.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .
A.ignore mental problems
B.get some nice sleep
C.gain complete relief
D.find the right solution
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Success Is Built upon Failure
B.How to Handle Performance Fatigue
C.Getting over Fatigue:A Way to Success
D.Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。题材为社会生活类。我们都在努力追求成功,想一下
在你追求成功的路上遇到的最大障碍是什么。本文就我们在成功路上遇到的两种情况
的疲惫做了说明。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的描述可知,第一种情况的疲惫(start-up fatigue)会使得
人们不停地把工作任务往后推(keep putting off a task)。由此可知答案为A项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话的always handle the most difficult job first可
知防止出现这种疲惫情况的方法就是总是先处理最困难的任务,所以答案为D项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的however hard we work, we fail again and again可知
这种疲惫是在我们一次次努力去解决问题,但是一次次失败了的情况下发生的。所以答
案为B项:当所有的解决办法都行不通的时候。
4.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的the solution which had come up in my
unconscious mind proved correct at every step可知,在我无意识的情况下想出来的解决办
法在解决问题中每一步都证明是正确的,所以答案为D项。
第 94 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
5.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出:没有什么事情比不成功更让人疲惫的了;后面几段
分别描述了常见的两种疲惫以及各自的解决办法;最后总结:成功就意味着永远不会感到
疲惫。所以本文的主题是:消除疲惫——通往成功之路。故答案为C项。
Passage 12 (2015课标全国Ⅱ,B)
Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your
home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make
your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home
into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage
overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places—
and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get
more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who
ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm
colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less
hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue.
Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer
calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the
time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you’re at it,actually sit down to
eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to
rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22
percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large
spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30
percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.
1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about .
A.their home comforts
B.their body shape
C.house buying
D.healthy diets
第 95 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
2.A home environment in blue can help people .
A.digest food better
B.reduce food intake
C.burn more calories
D.regain their appetites
3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A.Eat quickly.
B.Play fast music.
C.Use smaller spoons.
D.Turn down the lights.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Is Your House Making You Fat?
B.Ways of Serving Dinner
C.Effects of Self-Consciousness
D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境进行饮食调节的方法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一句和第二句可知,本文的阅读对象主要是那些关心自己
体形的人。故选B项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句话可知,研究发现人在蓝色房间里比在黄色或
红色房间里吃饭时少摄入33%的食物。故选B。
3.C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第四句话可知,我们使用大的汤匙时摄入食物的总
量比使用小的汤匙时摄入食物的总量多14%。故选C。
4.A 主旨大意题。整篇文章主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境与设施进行饮食调节的
方法。故选A。
[评析 本题考查对文章主旨大意的把握能力。抓住文章主题句是破解此类题目的关键。
第一段中最后一句是本文的中心句,说明下文要介绍几种通过改变屋内环境与设施进行
饮食调节的方法,据此可迅速锁定正确答案。
Passage 13 (2015安徽,B)
第 96 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
When her five daughters were young,Helene An always told them that there was strength
in unity(团结).To show this,she held up one chopstick,representing one person.Then she
easily broke it into two pieces.Next,she tied several chopsticks together,representing a
family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family
unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.However,when
Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975,they didn’t have much
money.They moved their family to San Francisco.There they joined Danny’s
mother,Diana,who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon afterwards,Helene and Diana
changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant.The five daughters helped in
the restaurant when they were young.However,Helene did not want her daughters to always
work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves,but one
by one,the daughters returned to work in the family business.They opened new restaurants in
San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each
other,they worked together to make the business successful.Daughter Elizabeth explains,“Our
mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity,and to have unity we must have
peace.Without the strength of the family,there is no business.”
Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996,with three generations of Ans
working together.Now the Ans’ corporation makes more than $20 million each
year.Although they began with a small restaurant,they had big dreams,and they worked
together.Now they are a big success.
1.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show .
A.the strength of family unity
B.the difficulty of growing up
C.the advantage of chopsticks
D.the best way of giving a lesson
2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family .
A.started a business in 1975
B.left Vietnam without much money
第 97 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco
D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
3.What can we infer about the An daughters?
A.They did not finish their college education.
B.They could not bear to work in the family business.
C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.
D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.How to Run a Corporation
B.Strength Comes from Peace
C.How to Achieve a Big Dream
D.Family Unity Builds Success
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为日常生活类。用一家人的故事证明了“团结就是力
量”。Helene An 带领她的五个女儿把一家小餐馆经营成了一个每年盈利两千多万美
元的大型企业。
1.A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话“This lesson about family unity stayed with the
daughters as they grew up.”可知答案。
2.B 细节理解题。由第二段第二句“However, when Helene and her husband Danny left
their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn’t have much money.”可知答案。
3.C 推理判断题。由第三段最后女儿Elizabeth 所讲的话可以看出妈妈对她们的影响
很大。
4.D 主旨大意题。由文章首段故事的引入以及文章最后两句话的呼应可以看出,文章的
最佳标题是“家庭团结创造成功”。
Passage 14 (2015福建,E)
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and
sustain(保持)a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging,yet fun and empowering!Of
course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However,studies have shown that
when exercise is performed in groups,it’s not only great for improving physical health but for
psychological health.It’s an opportunity to be social,release endorphins(内啡肽),and improve
第 98 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
your strength.Additionally,group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common
goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a fitness
journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive
from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to
embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate,then group training is an even better option
for you.It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and
supervision(监管)of a fitness instructor.If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting
time and becoming bored,you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that’ll keep your
workout on track.Don’t let fitness frighten you!
If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle,it’s extremely important to surround
yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.I wouldn’t scold
anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn’t expect anyone to give
offence to me for focusing on my health.Surround yourself with people who uplift,encourage
and understand you!Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group
fitness class,with a friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or
fresh juice bar!Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very
beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First,decide to do it for
yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself
with are supportive.Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation.
1.The first paragraph focuses on .
A.the greatest challenge of group exercise
B.the most effective way to improve physical fitness
C.the contribution of group exercise to psychological health
D.the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups
2.The underlined word“upbeat”in the second paragraph probably means“ ”.
A.cheerful
B.average
C.serious
第 99 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
D.temporary
3.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary .
A.to sustain a colorful lifestyle
B.to party on weekends with positive people
C.to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly
D.to surround yourself with supportive people
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Seeking Support
B.Supporting Health
C.Improving Your Strength
D.Building Up Fitness
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为健康生活类。本文主要讲述了群体健身活动给人们
身体、心理方面带来的好处。
1.C 主旨大意题。做此题时要注意第一段中However后的内容,在该部分中出现了not
only...but...结构,该结构的重心在but部分,即本句的重心为It is great for psychological
health,故本题答案为C项。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句子中的If you’re tired of...及becoming bored可推
知upbeat意为“快乐的”,故答案为A项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的emotional support可知本题的答案在第三段第一句,即
作者认为:和为你提供精神支持的人在一起非常必要,故答案为D项。
4.B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了参加群体健身活动给人们身体带来的好处以及为了
保持健康在群体健身活动中的做法,故选B项。
Passage 15 (2014江西,C)
Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred
dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes
closed.Imagine having to read this page,not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills,two-thirds of the world’s 42 million blind should
not have to suffer.Unfortunately,rich countries possess most of this knowledge,while
developing countries do not.
第 100 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world’s only flying
teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC—8
aircraft,there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and
classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people
here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作)among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical
programs.ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses,who
continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane
programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China,ORBIS is planning to do
more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long-term plan to develop a
training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to
continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US $38,you can help one person see;for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people;$1,300
helps teach a doctor new skills;and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a
group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open
their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less
fortunate than ourselves.
1.The first paragraph is intended to .
A.introduce a new way of reading
B.advise the public to lead a simple life
C.direct the public’s attention to the blind
D.encourage the public to use imagination
2.What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?
A.They are adequate.
B.They have not been updated.
C.They are not equally distributed.
D.They have benefited most of the blind.
3.ORBIS aims to help the blind by .
A.teaching medical students
B.training doctors and nurses
C.running flying hospitals globally
第 101 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
D.setting up non-profit organizations
4.What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?
A.Appeal for donations.
B.Make an advertisement.
C.Promote training programs.
D.Show sympathy for the blind.
5.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.ORBIS in China
B.Fighting Blindness
C.ORBIS Flying Hospital
D.Sight-saving Techniques
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。在医疗知识和技术不均衡的社会背景
下,一个国际非营利组织——ORBIS 在全球范围对医生和护士进行技能培训,从而帮助
盲人远离失明。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段作者提到的Close your eyes 以及...read this page,not with
your eyes but with your finger-tips 可知,作者想把公众的注意力引向失明的人,故选C。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中...rich countries possess most of this knowledge,while
developing countries do not.可知,医疗知识和技术的分配不均衡,故C为正确答案。A(它
们是充足的)、B(它们没有被更新)两项在文中没有提到,故被排除。D项(它们让大部分
盲人受益了)与第二段...two-thirds of the world’s 42 million blind should not have to suffer.
不符,故排除D项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段的ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing
training during three-week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to
over 35,000 doctors and nurses...可知,这个组织是想通过对医生和护士的培训来帮助盲人。
故正确答案为B项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please
help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.这两
句话暗示了作者在呼吁人们捐款,因此A是正确答案。
第 102 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
5.C 主旨大意题。纵观全文,作者介绍了ORBIS对医生和护士进行医疗技能的培训来
帮助盲人远离失明。因此,C为最佳答案。A、B、D在文章中有所提及,但并不是文章的
主旨,因此作为本文的标题不合适。
Passage 16 (2014湖南,B)
In the mid-1950s,I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed
that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort.One day,this approach threw me into
embarrassment.
In Mrs.Totten’s eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson,Indiana,we
were learning to add and subtract decimals(小数).
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework,which would be recited in class the following
day.On most days,our grades were based on our oral answers to homework questions.
Mrs.Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student
after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets.She would start
either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.
Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students,it was easy to figure out which
questions I might have to answer.This particular time,I had completed my usual two or three
problems according to my calculations.
What I failed to expect was that several students were absent,which threw off my estimate.As
Mrs.Totten made her way from the beginning of the class,I desperately tried to determine
which math problem I would get.I tried to work it out before she got to me,but I had brain
freeze and couldn’t function.
When Mrs.Totten reached my desk,she asked what answer I’d got for problem No.14.“I...I
didn’t get anything,”I answered,and my face felt warm.
“Correct,”she said.
It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
What did I learn that day?First,always do all your homework.Second,in real life it isn’t
always what you say but how you say it that matters.Third,I would never make it as a
mathematician.
If I could choose one school day that taught me the most,it would be that one.
1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?
第 103 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
A.It is wise to value one’s time.
B.It is important to make an effort.
C.It is right to stick to one’s belief.
D.It is enough to do the necessary.
2.Usually,Mrs.Totten asked her students to .
A.recite their homework together
B.grade their homework themselves
C.answer their homework questions orally
D.check the answers to their homework questions
3.The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always .
A.asked questions in a regular way
B.walked up and down when asking questions
C.chose two or three questions for the students
D.requested her students to finish their usual questions
4.The author failed to get the questions he had expected because .
A.the class didn’t begin as usual
B.several students didn’t come to school
C.he didn’t try hard to make his estimate
D.Mrs.Totten didn’t start from the back of the class
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.An Unforgettable Teacher
B.A Future Mathematician
C.An Effective Approach
D.A Valuable Lesson
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为学校生活。“我”曾经自以为是地认为做自己认为
必要的事情就够了,然而在八年级的一节数学课上,“我”所遇到的尴尬让“我”明白了
“我”所付出的努力还不够。
1.D 猜测词义题。此句话可直译为“做任何超出必要的事都是浪费精力”,通过阅读下
文能够知道作者刚开始只做自己认为有必要做的事情,因此D项符合题意。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知本题应选择C项。
第 104 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知老师通常提问的方式是有规律的,故选择A项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第六段的第一句“What I failed to expect was that several
students were absent...”可知本题选择B项。
5.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者通过上这节数学课得到了教训,文章的最后一段也
提到“If I could choose one school day that taught me the most,it would be that one.”,因此
本题选择D项。
Passage 17 (2014福建,D)
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.Strange as it
may seem,if you’re unsatisfied,the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack
of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don’t have enough tastes.
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities(能力)to enjoy life.Most people
are already swamped(淹没)with things.They eat,wear,go and talk too much.They live in too
big a house with too many rooms,yet their house of life is a hut.
Your house of life ought to be a mansion(豪宅),a royal palace.Every new taste,every
additional interest,every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.Here are several rooms your house of
life should have.
Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful
things.If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them,they would
make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you’re hungry.
Literature,classic literature,is a beautiful,richly furnished room where you might find many an
hour of rest and refreshment.To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person,for
a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.
Music like Mozart’s and Bach’s shouldn’t be absent.Real riches are of the spirit.And when
you’ve brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little
drunk,you have increased your thrills and bettered them.And life is a matter of thrills.
Sports,without which you remain poor,mean a lot in life.No matter who you are,you would be
more human,and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days,if you
could,and did,play a bit.
Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life,the secret of enjoying life is to keep
adding.
第 105 页 共 110 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
1.The author intends to tell us that .
A.true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means
B.big houses are people’s most valued possessions
C.big houses can in a sense bring richness of life
D.true happiness comes from spiritual riches
2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that .
A.however materially rich,they never seem to be satisfied
B.however materially rich,they remain spiritually poor
C.though their house is big,they prefer a simple life
D.though their house is big,it seems to be a cage
3.It can be learned from the passage that .
A.more money brings more happiness
B.art is needed to make your house beautiful
C.literature can enrich your spiritual life
D.sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.House of Life
B.Secret of Wealth
C.Rest and Refreshment
D.Interest and Enthusiasm
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材是社会生活类。作者认为一个人要想快乐和幸福,要让
自己的心灵之“墅”富有。文章诠释了“真正的幸福源于精神富有”的道理。
1.D 推理判断题。文章的主要目的就是告诉人们真正的幸福和快乐来自精神上的富有,
所以正确答案为D项。
2.B 猜测词义题。画线部分句子的意思是“人们住太大的房子,有太多的房间,然而他
们的生命之家依然是个简陋的小房子”和B项 “不管物质上多富有,他们在精神上仍
然很贫穷” 的内容接近。故选B项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段可以推断 “文学能丰富你的精神生活”,故答案为
C项。A项为无关信息。从文章中的信息可以看出,art可以丰富你的精神生活,而不是美
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化你的房子,所以B项错误。sports也可以丰富精神生活,而不仅仅是使身体健康,所以D
项错误。
4.A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述精神生活的心灵之“墅”,关键词就是“house of life”,
故答案为A项。
Passage 18 (2013课标全国Ⅱ,A)
Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it
all.I was lucky:I became a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical
school.I didn’t realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As
I flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,I learned about crew resource
management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew
members should listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions.
I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in
bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor
was flying;I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn,he had forgotten to put
the landing gear(起落架)down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to
speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need
to put the landing gear down now!”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and
I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that
when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesn’t overreact,which might prevent fellow
doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room,I ask for ideas and
help from others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to
encourage them,someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”.
1.What does the author say about doctors in general?
A.They like flying by themselves.
B.They are unwilling to take advice.
C.They pretend to be good pilots.
D.They are quick learners of CRM.
2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .
A.he saved the plane by speaking up
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B.he was in charge of a flying task
C.his boss landed the plane too late
D.his boss operated on a patient
3.In the last paragraph “landing gear up”probably means .
A.following flying requirements
B.overreacting to different opinions
C.listening to what fellow doctors say
D.making a mistake that may cost lives
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe
B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor
C.The Making of a Good Pilot
D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor
答案
[语篇解读] 日常工作中医生往往听不进别人的观点和建议,这一点很糟糕。“我”通
过自己的一次经历深深理解了一种工作原理——CRM的重要性,那什么是CRM呢?
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段的They don’t listen because they already know it all.可知
作者认为医生们总是认为自己什么都知道所以就不听别人的意见,故选B项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to
put the landing gear down now!”可知是我在紧要关头勇敢说出自己的建议而挽救了我俩
的性命,故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。最后一段作者描述自己在给病人做手术的时候总是鼓励别人发表意
见,但有时候他们不愿意说,我还是继续鼓励。这样做是为了某一天有人会让我避免犯下
致命的错误,就像当初我提醒我的老板及时放下起落架一样,故选D项。其他三项与该句
中的keep me from搭配不符合文章要表达的意思。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon以及
第二段用自己的一次亲身经历来证明这一点和最后一段我在自己的工作中坚持CRM工
作法可知本文的主题是:飞行让我变成了一个更好的医生。
[长难句] It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor
doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.这
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就进一步要求医生们在听到相反观点的时候,不要反应过激。这么做会使得同事们再也
不发表他们的观点了。
It further requires that...这进一步要求……。which引导非限制性定语从句。
Passage 19 (2013辽宁,B)
Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good
or bad,we can’t really say,but for the two of us,going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2011,we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant
doing 365 different green things,and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond
the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy,we had to think of 365 different
green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year,Our Green Year started.My wife and
I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could
show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to
push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year,we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at
organic(有机的)stores.We consume less meat,choosing green food.We have greatly reduced
our buying we don’t need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our
home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice,with no chemical cleaners.We make our own
butter,enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing
something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been
able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things
and help our planet.
1.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Going Green
B.Protecting the Planet
C.Keeping Open-Minded
D.Celebrating Our Green Year
2.It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because .
A.they were expected to follow the green fad
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B.they didn’t know how to educate other people
C.they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D.they needed to perform unusual green tasks
3.What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?
A.They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.
B.They ignored others’ ungreen behavior.
C.They chose better chemical cleaners.
D.They sold their home-made food.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The government will give support to the green project.
B.The couple may continue their project in the future.
C.Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.
D.Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述“我”和妻子一年的环保行为。
1.A 主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据关键句 “but for the two of us,going green is not a
fad but a lifestyle”和“Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.”可知文章主要讲
述“我”和妻子一年的环保行为,故选A项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话可知一年365天每天都做一件不同的环保事
情绝非易事,故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句至第七句的描述可知“我”和妻子在那一年的时
间里在试图改掉以前的不环保习惯,故选A项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知选B项。
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