话题 13 重点政治历史事件与对社会有突出贡献的人
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·河北省衡水中学五调考试)
Call for Entries：Young Women Writers’ Competition
Guardian Weekend magazine is launching a writing competition for UK women
aged 16－21 on the theme of “Conversations”.
How to Enter
All you have to do is submit a 700－word personal essay that shows off your
talents—on the theme of “Conversations”.Did you have an unforgettable conversation
with your grandmother about her youth that changed how you viewed her? Do you
find having certain conversations really hard ， and if so ， why? Is there a
conversation you regret，or one you regret you never had? We’re keen to hear about
your personal experiences.
The Prizes
There will be one winner and two runners－up.The three winners will each
receive ￡250.The winners will be notified by email or telephone on or before June
30，2023 and given details of how to claim their prizes.As part of the editing
process，the three winners will participate in a video call with a Guardian Weekend
editor to discuss and edit their essay for publication.The one overall winner will also
receive a one－to－one workshop with an editor.
Rules
Follow all the rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Only one entry is permitted per person.Entries on behalf of another person will
not be accepted and joint submissions are not allowed.
■The competition opens at 9：00 am on May 22，2023 and closes at 11：59 pm
on June 9，2023.Entries received outside this time period will not be considered.
■Your entry must not be copied，and must not contain any third－party materialsor content that you do not have permission to use.
■You must include your name，age and contact details，including your email
address and phone number.
1.What’s the theme of the writing competition?
A.Regrets. B.Conversations.
C.Grandmother’s youth. D.Personal experiences.
2.What extra prize will the overall winner receive?
A.An additional ￡250.
B.A video of the competition.
C.A prior notification of the win.
D.A one－to－one workshop with an editor.
3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A.Co－authoring an entry.
B.Including contact details.
C.Mailing your entry on June 1，2023.
D.Using others’ content with permission.
B
The Sister Rice Festival is held every year in Guizhou’s Taijiang County, where
97 percent of the 168，000 people are from the ethnic(民族的)Miao group.It is an
ancient tradition, which brings men and women together through food, gifts and
music.
In the days before the festival, young women gather leaves and wild flowers,
which they use to dye(给……染色)sticky rice with bright colors.This brightly colored
rice, known as Sister Rice, gives the festival its name.During the festival, the young
women dress in beautiful traditional clothes with large amounts of silver jewelry (首
饰).
The festival includes parades, horse races and musical performances.But the real
focus is the interaction between the young women and the young men who visit from
surrounding villages and sing songs.In one traditional type of song, a man and a
woman take turns to sing to each other, and the first one to make a mistake loses thegame.The loser must give the winner a gift, but the winner is expected to give a gift in
return, too.
After meeting the men, the women send them home with a bamboo basket
containing dyed rice and hidden objects with special meanings.For example, a pair of
chopsticks indicates that she wants to marry the man, while garlic shows that she is
not interested.
One of several stories about the festival’s beginning is about a girl and a boy who
fell in love.The girl’s parents wanted her to marry her uncle’s son.She refused, and the
boy likewise refused to marry anyone else.For a time, they could only meet in a field
and pass hidden messages to each other through rice in a bamboo basket.Finally, the
pair overcame their parents’ opposition and were allowed to marry.
The Sister Rice Festival is perhaps the oldest festival in Asia that encourages
love.
4.What is the purpose of young women collecting leaves and wild flowers?
A.To decorate their rooms.
B.To sell them and make money.
C.To give sticky rice different colors.
D.To cover some objects in a basket.
5.Which of the following is NOT the activity taking place in the festival?
A.Water skiing. B.Horse races.
C.Parades. D.Singing songs.
6.What can we learn from the passage?
A.A woman often loses the game.
B.A hidden pair of chopsticks suggests good things.
C.The winner need not send a gift.
D.Often a man needs to sing songs to a young woman.
7.The story in Paragraph 5 tells us that .
A.the boy’s parents didn’t like the girl
B.they were not married in the end
C.the boy refused to marry the girl at firstD.the rice in the bamboo basket carried their love
C
If he is in a tight spot, says Trouble Kalua, people mention his name, asking,
“What do you expect？” Shortly before his birth in Malawi, his father had lost his
job as a bus conductor, making the family even poorer.Then the baby nearly
died.“This boy is trouble，” his father said.“His name is Trouble.”
Across Africa names can have a story behind them.Yewande, for instance, is a
Yoruba name meaning “mother has paid me a visit”， given when an older female
relative dies just before a girl is born.Kiptanui may suggest at a difficult birth for
mothers who speak one of the Kalenjin group of languages in Kenya.
But southern Africa stands out for nominative creativity, at least when it comes to
English names.Ask Zimbabweans about their school friends and you will hear
different registers: Lovemore, Hopewell, Innocence, Patience, Knowledge, Fortune,
Brilliant.A Malawian (himself Golden) lists friends named Goodfriday, Wisdom and
Iron.
In Zimbabwe children were long given African names with meaning.This practice
switched after British colonization (殖民), when having an English name was seen as
a way of getting ahead.Names may refer to conditions around the birth, a quality
parents see in the child, an aspiration (期望) for them or even for the country.
Under white rule some children were called Democracy, Freedom or, allegedly,
Polling Station.Other names suggested progress.One venture capitalist recalls school
friends named Computer.
Names, and the language they are in, reflect changing times, too.In Zimbabwe,
whose economy is falling down, one comes across people named No Money.In many
places African names are supplanting (取代) English ones.In recent years in South
Africa, Enzokuhle (“to do good” in Xhosa), has become one of the most popular
names, perhaps inspired by a popular song, “Enzo”.
It may be that names such as Salad Nthenda will become relics.The Malawian,
whose mother ate lots of vegetables when pregnant (怀孕的), says his “name felt
good from day one”.He loves the “uniqueness”.Although he is teased at times, hedoes not care.
8.How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1?
A.By sharing a story. B.By comparing facts.
C.By reporting findings. D.By presenting figures.
9.What will a baby be named if his mother has some difficulty in giving birth to him?
A.Yewande. B.Kiptanui.
C.Freedom. D.Enzokuhle.
10.What does Salad Nthenda think of his name?
A.Interesting. B.Meaningless.
C.Important. D.Special.
11.What’s the best title for the text?
A.Stories Behind Some Names
B.Some Strange Names in Southern Africa
C.Names in Southern Africa Are Both Creative and Meaningful
D.One’s Name Is Closely Connected with Its Country’s History
D
Today China is the world’s biggest consumer of wheat.But it wasn’t always that
way.
Wheat only came to the area now known as northern China toward the end of the
Neolithic(新石器) period，some 4，600 years ago.Initially，wheat didn’t seem to be
so delicious and had been treated as a crop of desperation rather than a cooking
delight.The first farmers of northern China primarily grew millet(粟)，starting as
early as 11，500 years ago.By the time of the Tang Dynasty，wheat had replaced
millet，becoming a major crop.But relatively little was known about exactly why this
shift occurred.
In an attempt to track the answer，I accumulated a collection of nearly 1，200
data points covering more than 50 sites from the mid－Neolithic，about 9，000
years ago，to the collapse of the Eastern Han Dynasty in 220 AD.The sites were
across 8 modern provinces ， ranging from Gansu Province in the northwest to
Shandong Province in the east.One possible explanation is a major climate shift，called the Holocene Event 3，
which happened 4，000 to 4，500 years ago.At that time，the climate became colder
and drier across continents，causing damage to crop production.
On top of this，the late Neolithic period was also a time of rapid population
growth around the world.With an ever－increasing population and unsteady crop
production，it is reasonable to assume that Neolithic farmers in northern China were
struggling.
Wheat，it turns out，actually needs more water than millet，making it seem a
poor choice for a dry period of history.But importantly，it can be sowed after millet
has been harvested.That，we think，is the most likely reason why the people across
northern China started to grow wheat.
From more extreme weather to changing coastlines，climate change has always
brought unexpected and sometimes dramatic changes to societies.In this instance，the
consequence of the Holocene Event 3 in northern China proved ，eventually ，
delicious.
12.What can we learn about wheat from the second paragraph?
A.It replaced millet for its great taste.
B.It was a poor choice at the beginning.
C.It outnumbered millet 4，600 years ago.
D.It was the earliest crop grown in China.
13.What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show?
A.The author found the exact answer.
B.The author did worldwide research.
C.The author took the research seriously.
D.The author was good at collecting data.
14.What was probably the main reason for northerners in China to grow wheat?
A.The water supply was enough then.
B.The harvest of millet was not satisfying.
C.It adjusted to the weather conditions better.
D.It had an alternative sowing season with millet.15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.How was millet introduced to China?
B.Why did Chinese farmers switch to wheat?
C.Why did China become the biggest wheat consumer?
D.How was China’s wheat growth affected by climate change?
E
Here in the middle of London，something extraordinary is going on.You can
hear a loud and unmistakable sound of bees doing what they do best：making honey.
What’s more，they’re performing their magic，not in the leafy acres of nearby
park，but up on the balcony of St Ermin’s Hotel.Whereas most urban residences
would do their best to keep sting －bearing insects as far away from guests as
possible，this hotel opens its doors to the capital’s bees.The person who tends this
“Bee Hotel” is Camilla Goddard.“In the long run，bees are amazing creatures to
work with.You can’t help admiring the way they operate.They really do put the good
of the community first，” she says.
As well as providing an enjoyable pastime，modern beekeeping is becoming
increasingly critical.According to the British Beekeepers Association (BBKA)，70
different UK crops depend on bees for pollination (授粉).Without bees to provide
pollination，one－third of all our food wouldn’t survive.During the Second World
War，Winston Churchill was a firm supporter of bees and made sure they got extra
supplies to carry on with their pollination work，even as the German army dropped
their bombs.
“Bees are in danger of disappearing from our environment ，” warns Tim
Lovett of the BBKA.Today，bee numbers are down by 50 per cent.Using more and
more land，agricultural industry reduces spots where bees can live.Crop－protecting
pesticides have also led to high death rate of bees.Another blow was an Asian species
that first arrived in Devon and then spread across the country.It settled on the bees and
not only weakened their immune system but caused their wings to deform (变畸形)
so that flying became impossible.
Anxious about the decline of beekeeping，the BBKA has produced a schoolinformation pack entitled “Bees in the Curriculum”.Once the children have been
around bees for a while，they understand the service that bees provide for us，rather
than seeing them as the source of stings.
16.What do we know about Camilla Goddard?
A.She has never got bee stings herself.
B.She tries to make her guests bee－free.
C.She admires the way in which bees live.
D.She owns a bee hotel in a London suburb.
17.Why is Winston Churchill mentioned in paragraph 3?
A.To criticize the cruelty of war.
B.To change the role of bees in the war.
C.To highlight the value of bee pollination.
D.To awaken the consciousness of saving crops.
18.Which is a direct cause of the reduction of bee habitats?
A.Modern agriculture. B.Foreign species invasion.
C.Hunting from humans. D.Crop－protecting pesticides.
19.What’s the best title for the text?
A.The number of bees is decreasing sharply
B.Modern beekeeping is ensuring our future
C.Bee Hotel is changing bees’ fate in the UK
D.Children are educated about the value of bees
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·潍坊二模)
The Malaysian night market is based on a concept of open－air shopping where
street vendors (小贩) take over a designated street to set up stalls (货摊).The night
market is the place where you can hang around the stalls, enjoy the smell of local
foods and maybe pick up some items.
Each night market comprises a different combination of stalls. 1 There is
always something new and exciting to look forward to at each visit.
The night markets are typically from 5 pm till 10：30 pm.You can get anythingfrom night markets, be it groceries, clothing, good local food, hot snacks, household
items, fresh produce, and even the latest styles.By around 6 pm, the market is in full
swing as the first groups of people sweep in.For those who cook, there is stall upon
stall selling fresh seafood, meat products, and a limitless variety of vegetables. 2
It is no secret that all－night markets share a common treasure—tasty street
cuisine. 3 The ever－popular soybean drink and sugarcane juice are a permanent
feature here.
4 Therefore, it is not a place for the faint－hearted or the gentle.To many,
they are fun and thrilling places to explore.You can even be addicted to discoveries of
the antique kind which can be found in some night markets.
Some places are 24－hour markets, which are livelier at night when traders set up
numerous stalls selling unusual local food, exotic tropical (热带的) fruits, cheap
clothes, second－hand goods as well as fresh produce.The night market is truly an
exciting experience and a feast for the eyes on a tropical night out.The atmosphere is
almost festive. 5
A.Your curiosity will be satisfied here.
B.There is so much to see, buy and eat.
C.People would complain about the noises here.
D.Noisy crowds are the hallmark of the night market.
E.It would be a regret not to try on mouth－watering local dishes.
F.New items are constantly being added on in line with current trends and market
demand.
G.Dried and preserved items such as dried beef and salted eggs are easily available
here too.
Ⅲ.完形填空
It was just three days from Thanksgiving，and my husband，Gerald，and I were
on our first tour across the Canadian prairies. 1 ，I knew we would be away for
Thanksgiving，but the reality of it didn’t really 2 on me before we hit the
road.Now，we had to spend Thanksgiving with strangers.
We 3 in front of a small，lakeside house，mildly 4 .Would it be okayto disturb others on this private celebration？As we 5 into Betty and Gary’s
home，we were immediately met with 6 .The wood stove took every bit of chill
out of the air，and the smell of food 7 us like a soft blanket.We gathered around
the table.Our anxiety 8 away as we were drawn into this circle of
friendship.We told stories，shared laughs，and as the day called us to，gave 9 .
We thought we were going to spend Thanksgiving with strangers，but we really
didn’t.Something 10 happens when good food is 11 shared around an
open table.Conversations begin. 12 starts to flow.Divisions
disappear.Relationships are 13 .Through the simple act of sharing a meal
together，we discover we’re 14 by our desire to love，our need for 15 ，
and our common humanity.What a perfect way to celebrate Thanksgiving!
1.A.Basically B.Generally
C.Honestly D.Secretly
2.A.dawn B.call
C.reflect D.strike
3.A.dropped by B.headed off
C.pulled up D.set out
4.A.anxious B.annoyed
C.grateful D.scared
5.A.broke B.ran
C.stepped D.wandered
6.A.friends B.care
C.food D.warmth
7.A.comforted B.enveloped
C.flooded D.welcomed
8.A.melted B.passed
C.ran D.threw
9.A.gifts B.hugs
C.money D.thanks
10.A.mixed B.specialC.relaxing D.typical
11.A.generously B.patiently
C.casually D.cautiously
12.A.Belief B.Laughter
C.Music D.Noise
13.A.born B.exposed
C.fixed D.split
14.A.attached B.encouraged
C.connected D.touched
15.A.courage B.sympathy
C.freedom D.understanding
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2024·河北省沧州市高三一模)
With its landscape of plateaus (高原) bound by mountains，Shanxi Province in
North China is regarded as being associated with fields of wheat and iconic wheat
products.Daoxiao noodles is one of the most popular 1. (dish)
there.This dish 2. (date) back to China’s Yuan Dynasty (1271—
1368)，so this type of well－received noodles has a long history.
3. (make) Daoxiao noodles，hold the dough (面团) with one
hand，and on the other hand，using a sharp knife that’s 4. (specific)
made，slice the noodles into a pot of boiling water.According 5. the
locals，some of the most skilled chefs can slice up to 200 pieces of noodles a
minute.At restaurants ， customers often watch in amazement as 6.
(talent) chefs perform a dance while making lamian ， which means pulled
noodles.The chefs swing the noodles around with elegance as they stretch longer and
longer，thinner and thinner before finally 7. (land) into the pot
for boiling.There is always thunderous applause for 8. routines.
In the city of Taiyuan ， capital of Shanxi Province ， any number of fine
restaurants can 9. (find) serving up delicacies (美食) from across the
country such as from Sichuan and Hunan.But it is the Shanxi food 10.really gets most people to have a big appetite.
