主题12 地球与宇宙奥秘探索
01 话题词汇佳句
02 时文热点阅读(全文翻译,词汇积累,长难句分析)
03 高考真题链接
04 话题阅读精练
分类
主题词汇
地球与宇
宙奥秘探
索
名词
1.alien n.外星人 2.creature n.生物
3. planet n.行星,地球 4．mankind n．人类
5．absence n．缺乏，不存在；缺席 6．facility n．设施；设备
7．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹 8．telescope n．望远镜
9．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星 10．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
11．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员 12．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
13．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船 14．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
15．gravity n．重力，地球引力 16．solar system 太阳系；类太阳系
17．International Space Station 国际空间站 18. witness n.目击,见证;目击者
19．orbit n 轨道；势力范围 20．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果
21．bother n．麻烦，困难 22．universe n．宇宙；天地万物
23．drilling n．钻探；勘探 24．downfall n．衰败
25．giant n．巨人；巨兽；伟人 26．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪
27．astronomy n．天文学 28．crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员
29．shuttle n．航天飞机 30．simulator n．模拟装置，模拟器
31．galaxy n．星系 32．particle n．粒子
33．mission n．任务；使命，天职；太空飞行任务34．discipline n．训练，纪律
35．hydrogen n．氢，氢气 36．investigation n．调查
37．substance n．物质 38．microwave n．微波炉；微波
39．administration n．行政部门；管理，行政 40．polestar n．北极星
41．comet n．彗星 42．sphere n．天体
43．constellation n．星座 44．trunk n．树干
45．equator n．赤道 46．fence n．篱笆，栅栏
47．barbecue n．户外烧烤；烤架 48．scenery n．风景；景色
49．freedom n．自由；不受……影响的状态 50．peak n．顶峰；山峰；尖形
51．getaway n．适合度假的地方 52．nest n．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点
53．desert n．沙漠；荒原 54．border n．国界；边界(地区)
55．harbour n．(海)港；港口 56．shore n．岸；滨
57．district n．地区；区域 58．channel n．水渠；海峡
59．frontier n．前沿；边界；前线 60．foundation n．创建；基础；地基
动词
1. exist vi.存在 2. witness v. 目击,见证
3. land vi.&vt.(使)着陆 4．launch vt．发射；发起；上市
5．float vi.飘动；漂流；浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流6．orbit vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
7．analyz(s)e vt.分析 8．bother v．使烦恼；花费时间精力；打扰
9．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 10．discipline vt.训练
11．highlight vt.突出；强调；使醒目 12．entitle vt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权
利
13．take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹 14．play a part/role in 在……中起作用；扮演一个角色
15．dry up 枯竭 16．be native to 原产于
17. catch sight of 看见 18．check out 调查，检查
19．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 20．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害
21．ban vt.明令禁止，取缔；禁止做某事 22．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)
23．breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 24．hatch vt.& vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化
25．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪26．impact vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
27．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 28．build up 逐渐增加，扩大
29．awe vt.使惊叹，使敬畏 30．intrigue v．激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
31．experiment vi.做试验，进行实验 32. conclude vt.断定；推断出
形容词
1.mysterious adj.神秘的 2.intelligent adj.聪明的,智商高的
3. unforgettable adj.令人难忘的 4.fantastic adj.奇妙的,极好的
5．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的 6．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的
7．incredibly adv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信 8．high-end adj.高端的
9．lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的 10．cosmic adj.宇宙的
11．subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的 12．nuclear adj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的
13．invisible adj.看不见的 14．unexceptional adj.平常的
15．instantaneously adv.瞬间地 16．uncontrollably adv.控制不住地
17．hazardous adj.有危险的，不安全的 18．geological adj.地质学的
19．creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
20．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
21．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 22．outspoken adj.直率的；直言的
介词短语
1．on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
佳句背诵
1. So fascinated was I by the beautiful scene of space that I forgot to return to the earth. 我被太空美丽的景色
迷住了,以至于我忘记了回到地球。
2. What a wonderful and unforgettable experience it was!
这是一次多么美好和难忘的经历啊!
3. I’ll never forget this fantastic experience.
我永远不会忘记这次奇妙的经历。
4．On 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
1961 年4 月12 日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
5．There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere，so it’s actually quite likely that life on
other planets would in many ways look like us.
有证据表明进化在任何地方都是一样的，所以其他星球上的生命很可能在很多方面都和我们相似。
6．Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.
不久，人们就认识到，太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。
7．It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board，providing a continuous human presence
in space.
它绕地球运转，搭载了来自不同国家的宇航员，使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。
8．Only from the height can we get close to the universe，which requires us to master more knowledge.
只有从高处我们才能接近宇宙，这需要我们掌握更多的知识。
9．Its total land area is 16,808 square kilometres，among which the mountain areas account for 52%.
它的总陆地面积为16 808 平方千米，其中山区占52%。
10．The West Lake，with hills on three sides and many beautiful parks around ，attracts a large number of
visitors at home and abroad.
西湖三面环山，周围有很多美丽的公园，吸引着大量的国内外游客。
Cosmic radiation represents one of the most appealing yet least visible phenomena in our universe. These
high-energy particles, traveling at nearly light speed, originate from violent cosmic events such as cosmic
explosions and intense solar activities. According to astrophysicist Dimitra Atri, Earth constantly receives these
invisible particles from all directions, creating an ongoing cosmic shower that goes through our atmosphere.
Earth has developed remarkable natural defenses against this cosmic attack. Our atmosphere absorbs the
majority of incoming particles, while the planet’s magnetic field blocks most harmful radiation. Together, these
protective systems maintain surface radiation at safe levels. However, this protection weakens with increasing
altitude. Residents of high-altitude cities experience nearly double the radiation exposure of those at sea level.
The effects of cosmic radiation become particularly noticeable during air travel. While a single cross-
country flight exposes passengers to radiation equal to just one chest X-ray — posing minimal health risk —
airline crews, due to their regular high-altitude exposure, face significantly higher risks. Research indicates that
flight attendants and pilots typically receive more annual radiation than workers in nuclear facilities, potentially
increasing their long-term cancer risks.
In space, beyond Earth’s protective systems, cosmic radiation presents even greater challenges. The Apollo
missions provided concrete evidence of this threat. Long-term space exposure can cause damage to cells,
increasing risks of cancer, cataracts, and neurological disorders — a major concern for future Mars missions and
long-duration space travel.
Scientists employ various methods to study cosmic radiation. While these high-energy particles won’t give
humans superpowers as sometimes described in fiction, understanding their behavior is crucial for developing
better protection technologies. Current research focuses on protective materials and monitoring systems to
safeguard astronauts and frequent flyers.
For most individuals on Earth, cosmic radiation poses minimal health risks thanks to our planet’s natural
defenses. However, as we venture more frequently into high-altitude travel and space exploration, continued
research into cosmic radiation’s effects remains essential for protecting human health in these environments.
全文翻译
宇宙辐射是我们宇宙中最引人入胜却又最难以察觉的现象之一。这些以近乎光速飞行的高能粒子，
源于宇宙爆炸和强烈太阳活动等剧烈的宇宙事件。天体物理学家迪米特拉·阿特里表示，地球不断从各个
方向接收到这些无形的粒子，形成一场持续不断的宇宙粒子雨，穿透我们的大气层。 地球针对这种宇宙
侵袭形成了卓越的自然防御机制。我们的大气层吸收了大部分进入的粒子，而地球的磁场则阻挡了大部
分有害辐射。这些保护系统共同作用，使地球表面的辐射维持在安全水平。然而，随着海拔的升高，这
种保护作用会减弱。高海拔城市的居民所受到的辐射暴露量几乎是海平面居民的两倍。 在航空旅行中，
宇宙辐射的影响尤为明显。虽然一次跨州飞行让乘客受到的辐射量仅相当于一次胸部X 光检查——对健
康的风险极小——但由于空乘人员和飞行员经常处于高海拔环境，他们面临的风险要高得多。研究表明，
空乘人员和飞行员每年受到的辐射通常比核设施工作人员还要多，这可能会增加他们患癌症的长期风险
在地球保护系统之外的太空中，宇宙辐射带来的挑战更为严峻。阿波罗任务就为这一威胁提供了确凿证
据。长期暴露在太空中会对细胞造成损害，增加患癌症、白内障和神经系统疾病的风险——这是未来火
星任务和长时间太空旅行的主要担忧。 科学家采用各种方法来研究宇宙辐射。虽然这些高能粒子不会像
小说中有时描述的那样赋予人类超能力，但了解它们的行为对于开发更好的防护技术至关重要。目前的
研究重点是防护材料和监测系统，以保护宇航员和频繁乘坐飞机的人。 对于地球上的大多数人来说，由
于地球的自然防御机制，宇宙辐射对健康的风险极小。然而，随着我们更频繁地进行高海拔旅行和太空
探索，持续研究宇宙辐射的影响对于保护人类在这些环境中的健康仍然至关重要。
知识拓展
①宇宙辐射源：除了文中提到的宇宙爆炸和强烈太阳活动，超新星爆发、黑洞吸积物质等也会产生宇宙
辐射。超新星爆发是某些恒星在演化接近末期时经历的剧烈爆炸，释放出极其巨大的能量和大量高能粒
子。 ②高海拔地区的应对：为了减少高海拔地区居民所受辐射影响，一些地方会采用特殊的建筑材料来
屏蔽部分辐射。例如，某些建筑材料中添加了能吸收辐射的物质。 ③航空业防护措施：航空公司为了保
护机组人员，会对飞行航线进行优化，尽量避开辐射较强的区域。同时，也会为机组人员配备辐射监测
设备，实时监测他们所受的辐射剂量。 ④太空探索的防护进展：目前，科学家正在研究利用磁场护盾来
保护宇航员免受宇宙辐射。磁场护盾可以模拟地球磁场，阻挡大部分高能粒子。此外，也在研发新型的
防护材料，如含有特殊元素的复合材料，能更有效地吸收和阻挡辐射。 ⑤最新研究动态：一些研究机构
正在进行长期的宇宙辐射监测项目，通过在太空中放置探测器，收集宇宙辐射的数据，以更深入地了解
宇宙辐射的特性和变化规律。同时，也在研究宇宙辐射对人体基因的影响，探索如何从基因层面增强人
体对辐射的抵抗力。
重点单词
1. ___________v. 代表；为……代言（辩护）；象征，体现；展示，描绘；（尤指不真实地）描述，描
写；扮演
2. ____________n. 现象
3. ____________v. 起源
4. ____________ adj. 暴力的
5. ___________ adj.很大的，十分强烈的；严肃紧张的，激烈的；热情的，热切的；专注的，认真的
6. ___________v.吸收；汲取；理解，掌握（信息）；使全神贯注，使专心
7. ___________n. 机组人员
8. ___________ n. 设施
9. ___________v. 维持，保持
10. ___________n. 威胁
熟词生义
1．block 熟义：n.大块；街段，街区 文章义：v. ___________________
2. monitor 熟义：n.显示器，监控器, 班长 文章义： v. ________________
派生词
1. __________n.呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；吸引力，感染力 v.呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；有吸引力
→__________adj.吸引人的，有感染力的；恳求的，可怜的
2. __________ v.探讨，探究；考察，探索；（用手或身体其他部位）探查，仔细检查→__________n.
勘探，勘察；研究，探究
3. __________v.（使）爆炸，（使）爆破；急剧扩大，激增；（情感）迸发，爆发；推翻，破除；爆响，
发出巨响；迅速移动 →__________n.爆破，爆炸（声）；激增；爆发，迸发；突发的巨响；某事证实是
错误的，推翻
4. __________v. 暴露，使显露；使面临，使遭受（危险或不快）；揭露，揭发；接触，体验
→__________n. 暴露，接触；曝光，揭发；曝光时间，曝光量
5. __________ v. 参加→__________n. 空乘人员
6. __________n.言论，评述；v.谈论，说起；注意到→__________adj.引人注目的，非凡的
7. __________adj. 重大的，主要的→__________n. 大多数
8. __________n.伤害，损害 v.危害，损害（某事物）；伤害（人或动物）→__________adj. 有害的
9. __________v.保护，防护→__________adj. 保护的，防护的；呵护的，有保护欲的
10．__________ adj. 显而易见的，明显的→__________n. 证据
11．__________ v.行为，表现；起反应，起作用；守规矩，举止得体→__________n. 行为，表现
12. __________adj. 看得见的→__________adj. 看不见的，隐形的；被忽视的，不为人注意的
合成词
1. high+ energy= high – energy adj. _______
2. cross+ country= cross – country adj. ________
3. on+ go= ongoing adj. _____________
4. in+ come= incoming adj. _____________
重点短语
1. at a… speed ______________
2．___________ 根据……
3．__________ 进行到底：坚持做某事直到完成
4．__________ 集中
5. ___________ 等同于
长难句分析
1. According to astrophysicist Dimitra Atri, Earth constantly receives these invisible particles from all directions,
creating an ongoing cosmic shower that goes through our atmosphere.
翻译：据天体物理学家迪米特拉·阿特里称，地球不断地从各个方向接收这些无形的粒子，形成一场持续
不断的、穿过我们大气层的宇宙粒子雨。
分析：本句中creating an ongoing cosmic shower 是 ，其中that goes through our atmosphere 是
，修饰先行词cosmic shower。
（2024 年全国新高考Ⅱ卷 A）
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced
walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1 — The Natural World
With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are
sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all.
This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from
future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of
Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along
with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused
permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the
wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
21. Which walk takes the shortest time?
A. The Natural World.
B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars.
D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
A. Wear proper clothes.
B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits.
D. Bring a survival guide.
23. What do the four walks have in common?
A. They involve difficult climbing.
B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point.
D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
重点单词
1. v. 要求，需要
2. v. 确保
3. adj. 令人惊叹的
4. adj. 热情的，友好的
5. adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的
6. v. 参与，参加
熟词生义
1. promise v. 承诺[此处指的是]
2. introduce ν. 介绍[此处指的是]
3.surface n. 表面[此处指的是] v.
4.permit v. 允许[此处指的是]n.
5.schedule n. 计划，安排表 [此处指的是]v.
派生词
1. begin v. 开始 →__________n. 初学者，生手
2. experience n. & vt. 经历，体验→_______adj. 有经验的，经验丰富的
3. advance n. 前进；预先vi. 前进；进步→______adj. 高级的
4. environment n. 环境→environmental adj. 环保的→________n. 环保主义者
5.inform v. 告诉，通知→_______adj. 提供有用信息的，增长见闻的
6. permit v. 允许→_______n. 允许
7.appropriately adv. 合适地，恰当地→_________adv. 不合适地
8. photography n. 摄影，摄影术→________adj. 摄影的
合成词
1. wood+ land→ n. 林区
重点短语
1.have a passion for ...
2.provide an insight into sth. ____________
3. . 某人容易得到的;
4.in the presence of sb.
5.be essential for ...
6.introduce sb. to sth.
7. 走出，脱掉
阅读理解
Passage 1
【天体宇宙】
We’ve all seen this happen in a science-fiction movie: The super heroes jump into a shaky spaceship and
escape the bad guys by flying through the asteroid (小行星) belt, where huge rocks fall and spin so close that the
crew has to duck and dive to avoid being broken into pieces. It’s exciting, but it’s wrong: In our solar system, the
odds are pretty good that you could stand on the surface of an asteroid and not even be able to see another.
Yet they do interact if given enough time. Even in the main asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and
Jupiter, crashes are ineluctable. And when two space rocks go “crash” in the main belt, big impacts blow lots of
asteroid fragments (碎片) out into space.
In many cases, these fragments stay on much the same orbital path as the parent asteroid, although they
gradually separate from it because of slight speed differences. After thousands of years, some fragments might be
clear across the Sun, but their distance from the Sun and the shape and direction of their orbits remain similar.
Such conserved features are collectively called an asteroid’s orbital elements. The groupings sharing orbital
elements are identified as “families”, which are named after the largest asteroid in the group.
Studying asteroids by focusing on their families can help us make a good guess about what properties a
newly-found one has if it belongs to a better-studied family. Care must be taken, though. Some very large
asteroids have differentiated materials in the center and on the surface, so confirming those guesses usually
requires taking spectra, the time-consuming process of breaking an object’s incoming light into individual colors
to reveal its composition.
It’s more than a mere academic exercise to find this particular branch of an asteroid family tree: Some
asteroids are potentially risky, meaning they could crash with Earth some time in the distant future. If we know
how they find their way to the inner solar system from the main belt to pose threats in the first place, we can
defend our planet from future worrisome asteroids.
1．What is the author’s view on the scene in the sci-fi movie?
A．It goes against the established facts.
B．It overstates the super heroes’ role.
C．It downplays the special visual effects.
D．It fuels people’s interest in the asteroid.
2．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ineluctable” in paragraph 2?
A．Unavoidable.
B．Uncommon.
C．Incredible.
D．Invisible.
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The definition of orbital elements.
B．The formation of asteroid families.
C．The naming rule of asteroid groups.
D．The moving pattern of asteroid fragments.
4．What can be inferred about the study of asteroid family?
A．It is a high-risk practice.
B．It is built on assumptions.
C．Its value can’t be overstated.
D．Its coverage needs to be expanded.
Passage 2
【航空航天】
One of the reasons astronomers like to put telescopes in space is that the “seeing” is better. But now they’re
facing a great challenge.
Alejandro Borlaff and his team at NASA’s Ames Research Centre examined official filings to work out just
how many satellites might be in orbit by the next decade. These days, there’re over 9,000 of SpaceX’s Starlink
Internet satellites alone. Starlink is burgeoning. Actually, SpaceX has filed paperwork for as many as 42,000
satellites. Others such as One Web and Amazon are also building mega-constellations(巨型星座). In total, Borlaff
believes there could be around half a million satellites in low orbits by 2040.
His team fed size and orbit data of dozens of planned mega-constellations into a computer simulation (模
拟) to work out their impact on major space telescopes, such as Hubble and SPHEREx.
Exactly how bothersome the satellites will be depends on factors such as a telescope’s height. The
researchers have concluded around a third of Hubble images could be affected. That sounds bad enough, but
Hubble gets off lightly. Around 96% of SPHEREx exposures could be affected by streaks ( 条纹) of sunlight
reflected off passing satellites. SpaceX has tried to make its satellites less reflective, though with limited success,
notes Borlaff. But business pressures push the opposite way. Starlink’s satellites have grown in size over time to
serve more customers and offer higher speeds. Bigger satellites are usually brighter ones.
If astronomers know a mega-constellation’s orbits, they can time observations to minimize disturbance. But
the solution won’t work well: eventually the sky becomes so crowded that avoidance is impossible. Then what to
do? Cheap rockets making mega-constellations possible could also make it easier to launch future space
telescopes above the satellites. The James Webb SpaceTelescope (JWST), for instance, is 1.5m km from Earth, far
too distant for low-flying satellites to pose a problem. Though flying low can benefit telescopes too, according to
Borlaff, especially for agencies lacking NASA’s budget, we may as well try this method.
5．What does the underlined word “burgeoning” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Predicting accurately.
B．Behaving properly.
C．Connecting smoothly.
D．Expanding rapidly.
6．Why are Starlink’s satellites becoming bigger and bigger?
A．To lower their reflectivity.
B．To enhance their profit value.
C．To improve their brightness.
D．To monitor their flight height.
7．What does the author express about low-flying telescopes by mentioning the JWST?
A．They might be replaced technically.
B．They might be cheaper in the future.
C．They can be controlled by satellites.
D．They can find their own disadvantages.
8．What is the suitable title for the text?
A．Solutions to Satellite Disturbance Are Useful
B．The Future of Space Exploration Is Uncertain
C．Mega-Constellations Can Be Increasing in Orbit
D．Satellites Can Affect Astronomical Observations
Passage 3
阅读七选五
Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft have flown by, orbited and even landed on Mars. But human
explorers could work faster and be more flexible than machines. Setting foot on Mars would be a major milestone
in space exploration. 1 However, it is difficult to survive this adventure.
First, a roundtrip to Mars causes many extra health risks. For one thing, floating in microgravity for long
periods weakens bones and muscles. For another, it allows fluid to build up in the head. 2 Luckily, artificial
gravity machines could help.
Then there’s space radiation to worry about. The Earth’s magnetic field protects astronauts near Earth from
high-energy cosmic (宇宙的) rays. Those cosmic rays might raise the risk of cancer and other health problems.
3 This increases the risk of developing the diseases. Taking certain vitamins could reduce the impacts.
4
Since astronauts can’t carry construction materials from Earth, scientists are dreaming up ways for
astronauts to use materials on Mars. Long-term visitors would also need plenty of oxygen to breathe. A device on
NASA’s Perseverance rover is currently laying the groundwork for a future Mars oxygen factory.
Planning a trip to Mars isn’t just about keeping astronauts safe.
5
Humans are filled with microbes
(微生物). And spreading those microbes could be bad for the search for life on Mars. As a result, a key part of
responsible space exploration is making sure Earth bacteria don’t infect other planets.
A．Exploring space always comes with risks.
B．It also involves protecting Mars from astronauts.
C．They can’t restock like astronauts on the space station do.
D．On longer journeys astronauts would face prolonged exposure.
E．That’s why certain nations are interested in dispatching humans to Mars.
F．This can lead to increased pressure in the eyes and result in vision complications.
G．Establishing and surviving in a Mars colony would present numerous challenges.
完形填空
Passage 5
Mauna Loa in Hawaii is among the world’s most active volcanoes. However, this 1 spot is an
ideal place for simulating (模拟) a space mission to Mars. The site was chosen because it is relatively remote and
2
to the conditions on Mars. The red planet has large volcanoes that are geologic cousins to Mauna Loa.
3
, six scientists were housed near the volcano in a small white dome (圆顶屋) for an 8-month
experiment, the
4
of which was to
5
information on how lengthy Mars missions could
psychologically affect astronauts. The six scientists closed themselves off from the outside world in order to study
what
6
on Mars would be like. Their task was to see how isolation affects the social aspects of explorers
who might one day
7
the red planet.
Conditions on Mars are tough, so the six had to manage without many of life’s 8 , like fresh fruit
and unlimited water. Leaving the habitat involved
9
heavy suits similar to those being designed for
Mars astronauts and waiting 5 minutes in an “airlock” to simulate how the air pressure drops. They only left the
dome once a week to
10
field studies that would happen during a Mars mission.
Outside, there was a lot to explore — lava flows, caves, and igneous rock. The
11
were a
particularly attractive destination. In an article, a participant noted her crew explored more than 100 caves. In one
particular cave, she detailed the
12
that came from exploring finger-shaped rock formations.
“We have examined the rock more closely, and
13
a suitable shelter for a possible evacuation
(撤离) from the dome,” she wrote. “On Mars this kind of lava tube ( 熔岩管) is hoped to provide shelter to
astronauts from the
14
space radiation during a solar storm.”
The research findings are expected to have considerable
15
on decisions when putting astronauts
for future missions to Mars.
1．A．uncertain
B．unimportant
C．unnecessary
D．unlikely
2．A．vital
B．linked
C．similar
D．beneficial
3．A．Therefore
B．Moreover
C．However
D．Still
4．A．cause
B．objective
C．result
D．challenge
5．A．send
B．store
C．change
D．download
6．A．weather
B．water
C．life
D．volcanoes
7．A．inhabit
B．pollute
C．picture
D．map
8．A．skills
B．fortunes
C．tools
D．luxuries
9．A．protecting
B．locating
C．carrying
D．wearing
10．A．keep an eye on B．carry out
C．break off
D．call off
11．A．shelters
B．rocks
C．caves
D．domes
12．A．relief
B．excitement
C．fear
D．peace
13．A．decorated
B．built
C．destroyed
D．found
14．A．harmful
B．random
C．mysterious
D．unexpected
15．A．limitations
B．pressure
C．influence
D．control
Passage 6
Six years as a space reporter taught me that chaos rules everything. Nothing is completely predictable or
controlled. I have watched enough go wrong to know that no view of a celestial ( 天空的) event is ever truly
promised to us
1
on the Earth.
So when my mother and I decided to drive out to Erie, Pennsylvania, to see the April 8 total solar eclipse
(日全食) this year, I knew this would be a trip of two
2
attitudes. I’d be
3
about the weather
and convinced we’d be victims of the randomness that governs the world while my mom would have strong faith
that order would
4
and the skies would let us glimpse an eclipse like this for the first time in our lives. I
told her not to
5
the universe for this one; she told me she wouldn’t depend on anything else.
I was once again humbled into a
6
I’ve learned time and time again — Mama knows best. Erie’s
forecast that morning was looking
7
, but by the time first contact between the sun and the moon began a
little after 2 p.m., the clouds over the city’s bay began to clear. The pale yellow sun under the eclipse lenses
rapidly crested (达到顶峰), concentrating into a
8
orange glow.
The eclipse
9
at 3:16 p.m. A thin white glow pierced out from the edge of a clean black circle.
The sunset-like
10
glowed and bloomed in the distance. I could spot solar prominences (日珥) sticking
out from the sides of the
11
in slightly bright red and pink. Jupiter and Venus also played roles in this
performance. It felt like bearing
12
to something close to a miracle.
Four minutes later, the eclipse 13 . The sun brightened again. And the clouds
14
violently, swallowing up the moon and the sun and the sky in gray. But for four incredible minutes, the universe
seems to have
15
a promise to my mother.
1．A．analysts
B．investigators
C．astronauts
D．observers
2．A． consistent
B．amusing
C．conflicting
D．agreeable
3．A．pessimistic
B．confused
C．optimistic
D．curious
4．A．lose
B．delay
C．fail
D．win
5．A．feed on
B．take on
C．settle on
D．count on
6．A．plan
B．lesson
C．practice
D．skill
7．A．usual
B．terrible
C．average
D．beautiful
8．A．dull
B．faint
C．weak
D．fierce
9．A．disappeared
B．struck
C．died
D．exploded
10．A．colors
B．shapes
C．circuits
D．scenes
11．A．sky
B．sun
C．moon
D．star
12．A．witness
B．tolerance
C．relation
D．reference
13．A．continued
B．progressed
C．ended
D．ticked
14．A．returned
B．quit
C．left
D．faded
15．A．lost focus on
B．lived up to
C．took account of
D．kept track of
语法填空
Passage 7
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), the National Space Science Center of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences (CAS) will launch a series of scientific satellite missions, focusing on major frontiers like
1
origin of the universe and the start of life, officials said at a press conference held on Monday about the
latest achievements of China’s space science pilot program.
Key missions include the Hongmeng Program, Kuafu-2, an exoplanet (外行星) survey satellite, and an
upgraded X-ray space observatory. The Hongmeng Program,
2
(comprise) of 10 satellites forming a
radio telescope array (阵列) that will go to the moon’s far side, is designed to capture faint cosmic ( 宇宙的)
signals. The Kuafu-2,
3
stares directly at the sun, will be the first in the world
4
(orbit)
above the sun’s polar regions.
Since 2011, China’s space science pilot program 5 (launch) eight satellites, including Wukong
and Micius, achieving many original
6
(discovery) — some are China’s firsts, and even world firsts. As
China’s pilot program to support space science
7
(systematic), it has pushed China’s space research from
“following others”
8
“keeping pace” and even “leading” in some fields.
Meanwhile, the program has also actively pursued comprehensive, multi-level international cooperation,
pioneering new models of global partnership, according to officials from the National Space Science Center. By
establishing international scientific teams and
9
(promote) data sharing, China continues to enhance the
global influence and
10
(efficient) of its scientific satellites.
读后续写
Passage 8
One Saturday morning, Grandma and I drove to Mrs. Henderson’s Bakery — the oldest one in our small
town. Grandma had been wanting their maple nut bread for weeks, and she’d promised to buy me a giant
cinnamon (肉桂) roll if I helped her carry the groceries later. The bakery smelled like warm butter and cinnamon
as we pushed open the wooden door and the bell above the entrance rang softly.
As I leaned against the glass case to look at the giant cinnamon rolls, I noticed a boy standing a few feet
away. He was about 10, two or three years younger than I. He had messy blond hair and wore an old blue jacket
that was too small for him. His fingers were pressed lightly against the window and his eyes were fixed on a giant
cinnamon roll. Every time he breathed, a small cloud of fog formed on the glass.
Just then, Mrs. Henderson said to the boy sharply, “Kid, window-shopping is not allowed — we’re busy
with orders.”
The boy jumped back like he’d been burned, and his face turned red. However, he still glanced at the giant
cinnamon roll from time to time.
Driven by something in my heart, I walked to the boy. He looked a little frightened at first, but when I
asked him if he liked cinnamon rolls, too, he nodded shyly.
“Actually, it’s for my little sister,” he said almost in a whisper. “Today is her birthday... and she talked about
cinnamon rolls when we walked past the bakery last month. I have saved my pocket money for a month, but I
only have $1.25… but a cinnamon roll costs $3.”
Seeing Grandma examining freshly baked bread, I thought about the cinnamon roll I had been promised,
the one I could almost taste. Then I looked at the boy’s hopeful and worried face.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I knew what I had to do.
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On the drive home, Grandma handed me a warm paper bag.
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