猜押 05 阅读理解说明文(按话题分类)
3年真
猜押考点 考情分析 押题依据
题
2023年6 科技前沿：如元宇宙、基因编
月上海高 辑，需关注多模态文本（图表
考英语 +文字）。
阅 读 理 近年考情：运动损伤预防（2021）、
2024年1 健康科学：饮食与认知、睡眠
解 说 明 无人驾驶技术（2021）、大脑发展
月上海春 研究，强调科学研究方法。
文 （2024）。
季高考英
语
一，科技前沿
1.学易金卷：2025年高考第一次模拟考试
It’s 2076 and the skies are looking decidedly milky. On windy plains and in parts of the seas
that have been turned over to wind farms, a different kind of tower has been built alongside the
turbines (涡轮). They take in CO out of the atmosphere. Vast parcels of land have been given over
2
to forest. Trees are grown, harvested and burned for energy in power plants that don’t let CO escape
2
to the atmosphere. Instead, emissions are captured and driven underground. Powdered minerals are
put into the water to absorb CO and reduce ocean acidification.
2
All these technologies are a desperate action to reverse more than two centuries of greenhouse
gas emissions. But they are not entirely up to the task and, anyway, we are still releasing greenhouse
gases. “I think it’s very likely that in 60 years we’ll be using both technologies,” says John Shepherd
of the University of Southampton, UK. He is referring to the two flavors of geoengineering:
absorbing CO out of the air and using a sunshade to reflect some of the sun’s rays back out into
2
space.
There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even ifindustrial emissions were to drop rapidly — a big if — some sections pose an intractable problem.
We have no real replacement for aeroplane fuel and feeding people demands intensive agriculture,
which accounts for a quarter of global emissions.
Computer models suggest there will be winners and losers. While a sunshade could lower
global average temperatures to pre-industrial levels, there would be regional differences. Northern
Europe, Canada, Siberia and the poles would remain warmer than they were, and temperatures over
the oceans would be cooler. Global warming is predicted to make wet regions wetter and dry ones
drier. Models suggest a sunshade would correct this, but, again, not in a uniform way.
Shepherd fears all this will feed into international arguments. He imagines some kind of global
council where governments seek a climate that meets their needs. Some might prefer a slightly
warmer temperature, for tourism or agriculture. But nations whose coral reefs (珊瑚礁) draw in
visitors will probably want more CO absorbing technologies.
2
In spite of all these concerns, most scientists hold that revolutionary technology and people’s
awakening can shine a light on solutions in ways that are impossible now. There is undoubtedly a
long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we can always anticipate something.
1．What is described in the first paragraph?
A．Future scenery and farming methods.
B．The development of transport technology.
C．The serious pollution problem in the very near future.
D．Future technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
2．The word “intractable” in paragraph 4 most probably means “______”.
A．solvable B．untypical
C．tricky D．existing
3．It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．climate talks haven’t achieved the expected results
B．industrial emissions will decrease greatly in 60 years
C．technologies to reduce CO emission aren’t used properly for now
2
D．sunshades outshine intensive agriculture at capturing CO emissions
2
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Effective CO absorbing technologies have come into wide use.
2B．With greenhouse gas reduced, global warming can be addressed.
C．Future climate will improve with human efforts but threats still remain.
D．Future climate will restore to a normal state with advanced technology.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少温室气体排放的未来技术是扭转两个多世纪温室
气体排放的绝望之举。虽然未来的气候会得到改善，但威胁仍然存在。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“On windy plains and in parts of the seas that have been turned
over to wind farms, a different kind of tower has been built alongside the turbines (涡轮). They take
in CO2 out of the atmosphere. (在多风的平原和被移交给风电场的部分海域，涡轮机旁边建造
了一座不同类型的塔。它们吸收大气中的二氧化碳。)”可知，第一段描述了减少温室气体排
放的未来技术，故选D。
2．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly
and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly (不可否认，气候谈判进展太
慢，也不那么顺利。即使工业排放量迅速下降)”以及划线单词后文“We have no real
replacement for aeroplane fuel and feeding people demands intensive agriculture, which accounts for
a quarter of global emissions.(我们没有真正的飞机燃料替代品，养活人们需要集约农业，而集
约农业占全球排放量的四分之一。)”可知，一些部门也会带来棘手的问题，由此可知第 4段
中划线单词很可能是指“棘手的”。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly
and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly (不可否认，气候谈判进展太
慢，也不那么顺利。即使工业排放量迅速下降)”可知，从这段话中可以推断出气候谈判没有
取得预期结果，故选A。
4．主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少温室气体排放的未来技术是扭转两个多世
纪温室气体排放的绝望之举。虽然未来的气候会得到改善，但威胁仍然存在。根据文章最后
一段“There is undoubtedly a long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we
can always anticipate something.(毫无疑问，当我们解决人类面临的问题时，还有很长的路要走，
但我们总是可以预料到一些事情。)”可知，文章大意是未来的气候将随着人类的努力而改善，
但威胁仍然存在，故选C。
2.2025届上海市高三下学期2月联考调研英语试题
Attempts to genetically engineer the American chestnut tree (Darling 58) have failed, exposing
the risks of rushed solutions to complex problems. In December 2023, the American Chestnut
Foundation (TACF) announced it was ending its years-long effort to create a blight-resistant
chestnut. These trees grew poorly, failed to resist disease, and often died.
The American chestnut, once abundant in Eastern U.S. forests, was destroyed by blight in the
early 1900s. Some surviving trees sprouted from stumps or resisted the disease naturally. Efforts to
restore the species have divided scientists into two camps: one advocating for natural restoration and
the other for genetic engineering (GE). The GE approach started in 1989, led by researchers atSUNY-ESF with backing from industry players like Duke Energy, and Monsanto.
In 2020, researchers sought USDA approval to deregulate Darling 58. The tree was engineered
with a wheat gene to combat the acid produced by chestnut blight. However, critics argued the
testing period was too short to predict the tree’s long-term impact. The proposed plan to spread GE
traits through wild forests sparked fears of ecological harm.
By 2023, it was revealed that years of research had mistakenly used the wrong tree variety
(Darling 54). TACF withdrew support, citing poor results, reduced survival rates, and commercial
conflicts involving a for-profit company. Despite setbacks, SUNY-ESF continues to push for USDA
approval, claiming the trees are safe.
Meanwhile, organizations like the American Chestnut Cooperators Foundation focus on natural
methods, breeding pure chestnuts with blight resistance. Hybridization with Chinese chestnuts is
another method under development.
The Darling 58 debacle highlights the risks of genetic engineering and commercial motives
behind GE trees. Critics argue that GE is less about forest health and more about profits from faster-
growing or industrially modified trees. As the debate continues, the lesson remains clear: science
must proceed cautiously, especially when dealing with long-living species like trees.
5．The primary purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．criticize the use of genetic engineering on chestnut trees in forest restoration.
B．describe the main history of the American chestnut tree’s decline since the 1900s.
C．explain the controversy surrounding the restoration of the American chestnut tree.
D．promote natural breeding as the best solution for chestnut tree restoration.
6．Why did the USDA petition for Darling 58 face criticism?
A．The testing period was not long enough to predict long-term effects.
B．The genetically engineered trees were not resistant to blight.
C．The USDA was accused of favoring genetic engineering companies.
D．The petition did not include input from environmental scientists.
7．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Darling 58 chestnut trees were approved for widespread planting in 2023.
B．Natural methods of restoring the American chestnut show no promise.
C．Critics believe the genetic engineering is profit-driven rather than ecological.D．TACF fully supports SUNY-ESF’s efforts with Darling 58 chestnut trees.
8．What can be inferred about releasing genetically engineered trees into the wild?
A．It may lead to deregulation and commercialization of GE trees.
B．It will rapidly restore ecosystems with minimal risks.
C．It proves corporate interests align with environmental goals.
D．It shows GE is more reliable than natural restoration.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美洲栗树进行基因工程达林 58宣告失败，暴露了
其中存在的一些问题和争议。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Attempts to genetically engineer the American chestnut tree
(Darling 58) have failed, exposing the risks of rushed solutions to complex problems. In December
2023, the American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) announced it was ending its years-long effort to
create a blight-resistant chestnut. These trees grew poorly, failed to resist disease, and often died.(对
美洲栗树进行基因工程改造的尝试（达林 58）失败了，这暴露了匆忙解决复杂问题的风险。
2023年12月，美国栗子基金会（TACF）宣布，它将结束长达数年的抗枯萎栗子培育工作。
这些树长得不好，不能抵抗疾病，经常死亡)”结合文章主要说明了美洲栗树进行基因工程达
林58宣告失败，暴露了其中存在的一些问题和争议。可知，这篇文章的主要目的是解释围绕
恢复美洲栗树的争议。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, critics argued the testing period was too short to predict
the tree’s long-term impact.(然而，批评人士认为，测试期太短，无法预测这棵树的长期影响)”
可知，美国农业部对达林58号的请愿书面临批评因为测试期不够长，无法预测长期影响。故
选A。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Darling 58 debacle highlights the risks of genetic
engineering and commercial motives behind GE trees. Critics argue that GE is less about forest
health and more about profits from faster-growing or industrially modified trees.(达令58的失败凸
显了基因工程的风险和转基因树背后的商业动机。批评人士认为，通用电气不太关心森林的
健康，而更关心从快速生长或工业化改造的树木中获利)”可知，C选项“批评者认为基因工
程是利润驱动的，而不是生态驱动的”正确。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段“In 2020, researchers sought USDA approval to deregulate Darling
58.(2020 年，研究人员寻求美国农业部批准解除对达令 58 的监管)”以及最后一段“The
Darling 58 debacle highlights the risks of genetic engineering and commercial motives behind GE
trees. Critics argue that GE is less about forest health and more about profits from faster-growing or
industrially modified trees.(达令58的失败凸显了基因工程的风险和转基因树背后的商业动机。
批评人士认为，通用电气不太关心森林的健康，而更关心从快速生长或工业化改造的树木中
获利)”可知，将基因改造过的树木释放到野外可能会导致放松管制和转基因树的商业化。故
选A。
3.2025届上海市闵行区高三上学期质量调研（一模）英语试题
The conversational tone of an AI chatbot or voice-based assistant is a good way to learn newconcepts, but it may actually make us more willing to believe inaccuracies, compared with
information presented in a static (静态的) article.
To investigate this issue, Sonja Utz from Germany asked 1,200 participants to engage with one
of three formats. The first involved text appearing letter by letter in the style of a large model, similar
to ChatGPT; the second provided information through a voice-based device; and the third was a
static, text-based copy of content.
Participants couldn’t interact with the systems as they might with the real versions, in order to
keep the experience consistent across the study. In some cases, participants were given accurate
information, while in others, they saw factual errors. Some of these errors were plain wrong, such as
naming Sofia as the capital of France, but others involved certain statements that were contradicted
elsewhere in the same response.
Participants were asked to rate the accuracy of the information on a seven-point scale, where7
is entirely accurate. In the answers where errors were introduced, the information presented in a
static format was rated as 4.24 on average. The ChatGPT-like system managed 4.76, while the voice
assistant scored 5.29. Participants rated all of the systems higher for answers where no errors were
introduced, but the differences were smaller for the voice assistant and chatbot.
“People find conversational chat agents more convincing because humans seem to be
hardwired to assign credibility to things that seem lifelike,” says Mike Katell from UK. “The way the
chatbots and voice agents are programmed to use a friendly and helpful conversational tone also
confuses people. Chatbot makers are trying to put users at ease, which is achieved through believable
content and inoffensive delivery.”
People have learned that these models generate false information sometimes. “But people don’t
realize that this interaction mode makes us tend to believe whatever is written there.” Utz says. “That
should be in media literacy training.”
9．What was the main focus of Sonja Utz’s study?
A．Features of AI chatbots or voice-based assistants.
B．People’s preference for information sources.
C．Why static articles differ from conversational content.
D．How text formats influence information trustworthiness.
10．In paragraph 3, text errors in the study can be summarized as________A．inevitable and conflicting
B．minor and common
C．obvious and internally inconsistent
D．repetitive and randomly selected
11．According to Mike Katell, which of the following is NOT a reason why people find
conversational chat agents more convincing?
A．People’s inborn trust in lifelike things.
B．Inoffensive delivery of personalized content.
C．The chatbot’s use of a gentle conversational tone.
D．The makers’ intention to make users feel relaxed.
12．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A．Utz suggests people improve media awareness and competence.
B．People’s preference for lifelike things may be overstated.
C．How information is presented doesn’t affect how much we believe it.
D．The research results are uncertain due to the lack of man-system interaction.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于人工智能聊天机器人或语音助手的对话式
语气可能使人们更愿意相信不准确信息的研究，通过具体的实验数据和专家观点来解释和说
明这一现象，旨在提高人们对媒介素养的认识。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The conversational tone of an AI chatbot or voice-based
assistant is a good way to learn new concepts, but it may actually make us more willing to believe
inaccuracies, compared with information presented in a static(静态的) article.(人工智能聊天机器人
或语音助手的对话式语气是学习新概念的好方法，但与静态文章中呈现的信息相比，它可能
会让我们更愿意相信不准确的内容。)”以及第二段“To investigate this issue, Sonja Utz from
Germany asked 1,200 participants to engage with one of three formats.(为了研究这个问题，来自
德国的Sonja Utz邀请了1200名参与者参与三种不同形式的互动。)”可知，Sonja Utz研究主
要关注的是文本格式（如静态文本、ChatGPT式的动态文本和语音助手）如何影响人们对信
息的信任度。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In some cases, participants were given accurate information,
while in others, they saw factual errors. Some of these errors were plain wrong, such as naming Sofia
as the capital of France, but others involved certain statements that were contradicted elsewhere in
the same response.(在某些情况下，参与者会收到准确的信息，而在其他情况下，他们则会看
到事实错误。其中一些错误显然是错误的，比如将索菲亚命名为法国的首都，而其他错误则
涉及在同一条回复中的其他位置相互矛盾的陈述。)”可知，第三段提到文本错误的两种类型：
一种是明显的错误，如将索菲亚命名为法国的首都；另一种是内部不一致的错误，即在同一
回答中的其他位置存在相互矛盾的陈述。也就是说，研究中的文本错误可以总结为明显的和内部不一致的。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第五段““People find conversational chat agents more convincing
because humans seem to be hardwired to assign credibility to things that seem lifelike,” says Mike
Katell from UK. “The way the chatbots and voice agents are programmed to use a friendly and
helpful conversational tone also confuses people. Chatbot makers are trying to put users at ease,
which is achieved through believable content and inoffensive delivery.”(“人们发现对话式聊天代理
更具说服力，因为人类似乎天生就会对那些看起来逼真的事物赋予可信度，”来自英国的
Mike Katell说道。“聊天机器人和语音助手被编程成使用友好且有帮助的对话语气，这也让
人们感到困惑。聊天机器人制造商试图让用户感到轻松，这是通过可信的内容和不带冒犯性
的表达方式来实现的。”)”可推测，选项B“Inoffensive delivery of personalized content.(个性化
内容的无冒犯性传递。)”在Mike Katell的观点中并未提及。根据Mike Katell的观点，人们认
为对话式聊天代理更具说服力的原因中，不包括个性化内容的无冒犯性传递。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“People have learned that these models generate false
information sometimes. “But people don’t realize that this interaction mode makes us tend to believe
whatever is written there.” Utz says. “That should be in media literacy training.”(人们已经知道这些
模型有时会生成虚假信息。“但人们没有意识到这种交互模式会让我们倾向于相信上面写的
任何内容。” Utz说。“这应该纳入媒介素养培训中。”)”可知，Utz建议人们提高媒介素养。
故选A。
二，健康科学
4.2025届上海市嘉定区高三上学期一模英语试题
Some dishes give off an unmistakable air of elegance. Take a flawlessly clear consommé (清炖
肉汤) for instance. Others are less so, like a pizza with a dense crust. And then there are dishes that
seem to bridge the gap, appearing on menus across the range of taste and class. The chocolate
fondant is one such dessert, loved for its simple, rich pleasure and luxury.
The origins of the chocolate fondant are somewhat disputed, with two significant French chéfs
laying claim to its invention. The first is Michel Bras, a Michelin-starred chef who, in 1981, crafted
the coulant au chocolate-a dessert with a warm, sticky center inspired by memories of a hot cup of
chocolate after a cold day in the mountains. The second is Jean-Georges Vongerichten, another
influential chef who, in 1987, created the fondant while experimenting in New York. His version
featured small chocolate cakes with a molten (融化的) center due to a happy accident: he had
removed them from the oven too early. Despite the small accident, diners were delighted, and
Vongerichten perfected the recipe that would become his signature dish.
Though different in technique, both chéfs shared a vision of the fondant as a fancy, rich treat, a
dessert designed to satisfy both the taste buds (味蕾) and a desire for elegance. Initially, it was a
delicacy reserved for high-end dining rooms and the most exclusive restaurants. In America, itbecame a symbol of refined dessert culture, representing a particular kind of elegance.
The simplicity of the fondant - a single-serving dessert with a molten core - belies its
complexity. Achieving the perfect texture and ensuring the center flows at the exact moment of
cutting are the challenges that only a skilled chef can consistently conquer. There's an element of
anticipation built into the experience: will the warm chocolate flow or remain disappointingly solid?
By the 1990s, Alain Ducasse, another highly regarded chéf, observed that the fondant had
become so popular that restaurants felt nearly forced to include it on their menus. It became the
defining dessert of the era, with chains and takeaway joints adopting their own versions. Over time,
the fondant evolved into what many now known as the “molten chocolate cake” or “chocolate lava
cake.” The dessert began to appear in grocery stores and at Valentine's Day promotions, as brands
like Costco, Aldi, and Walmart capitalized on its widespread appeal.
13．What can be learned about the origin of the chocolate fondant from the passage?
A．The dish was first introduced in grocery stores.
B．The true inventor of the dish remains uncertain.
C．Both inventors drew inspiration from their cooking experiences.
D．The creation of the dish was more intentional than accidental.
14．What does the word “belies” (paragraph 4) most probably mean?
A．Reveals. B．Defines. C．Masks. D．Explains.
15．According to the last paragraph, what contributed to the further development of the chocolate
fondant?
A．The cooperation between grocery stores and restaurants to promote the dessert.
B．Chefs simplified the recipe to make it easier for home cooks to prepare.
C．The decision to market the dessert for Valentine's Day promotions.
D．Restaurants felt pressured to offer the dessert due to its popularity.
16．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The chocolate fondant's simplicity makes it easy for chefs to prepare.
B．The chocolate fondant has gone from a high-end dessert to a common treat.
C．The chocolate fondant originates in France and then spread to the whole world.
D．The chocolate fondant is superior to other desserts because of its molten center.【答案】13．B 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巧克力软糖的发明以及从高端甜点如何变成普通
食物的过程。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“The origins of the chocolate fondant are somewhat disputed, with
two significant French chéfs laying claim to its invention. (巧克力方糖的起源有些争议，两个重
要的法国人主厨声称发明了它。)”可知，巧克力糖的起源的真正发明者仍不确定。故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Achieving the perfect texture and ensuring the center flows
at the exact moment of cutting are the challenges that only a skilled chef can consistently conquer.
(实现完美的质地，并确保中心流动在切割的确切时刻是一个挑战，只有一个熟练的厨师可以
不断克服。)”以及上文“The simplicity of the fondant - a single-serving dessert with a molten core
(方旦糖的简单性——是一种单份的甜点，它的核心是熔化的)”可知，方旦糖的简单性掩盖了
其内在的复杂性。故划线词意思是“掩盖”。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“By the 1990s, Alain Ducasse, another highly regarded chéf,
observed that the fondant had become so popular that restaurants felt nearly forced to include it on
their menus. It became the defining dessert of the era, with chains and takeaway joints adopting their
own versions. Over time, the fondant evolved into what many now known as the “molten chocolate
cake” or “chocolate lava cake.” The dessert began to appear in grocery stores and at Valentine's Day
promotions, as brands like Costco, Aldi, and Walmart capitalized on its widespread appeal.(到了 20
世纪90年代，另一位颇有声望的chamef阿兰·杜卡斯（Alain Ducasse）注意到，方糖变得如
此受欢迎，以至于餐馆几乎被迫将其列入菜单。它成为那个时代的标志性甜点，连锁店和外
卖店都采用了自己的版本。随着时间的推移，这种糖演变成了现在被称为“熔融巧克力蛋
糕”或“巧克力熔岩蛋糕”的东西。这种甜点开始出现在杂货店和情人节促销活动中，好市
多（Costco）、阿尔迪（Aldi）和沃尔玛（Walmart）等品牌都利用了它的广泛吸引力。)”可
知，杂货店和餐馆共同推动了这种甜点的发展。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Initially, it was a delicacy reserved for high-end dining rooms and
the most exclusive restaurants. In America, it became a symbol of refined dessert culture,
representing a particular kind of elegance. (最初，它是高端餐厅和最高档餐厅的美食。在美国，
它成为精致甜点文化的象征，代表着一种特殊的优雅。)”以及最后一段“Over time, the
fondant evolved into what many now known as the “molten chocolate cake” or “chocolate lava
cake.” (随着时间的推移，这种糖演变成了现在人们所知的“熔融巧克力蛋糕”或“巧克力熔
岩蛋糕”。)”结合文章主要介绍了巧克力软糖的发明以及从高端甜点如何变成普通食物的过
程。可知，这篇文章的主旨是巧克力软糖已经从一种高端甜点变成了一种普通的食物。故选
B。
5.2024届上海市松江区高三下学期模拟考质量监控英语试卷
Precognitive dreams are dreams that seemingly predict the future which cannot be inferred
from actually available information. Former US President Abraham Lincoln once revealed the
frightening dream to his law partner and friend Ward Hill Lamon, “…Then I heard people weep…
‘Who is dead in the White House?’ I demanded. ‘The President,’ ‘he was killed!’…” The killing did
happen later.
Christopher French, Professor in the Department of Psychology at Goldsmiths, stated the mostlikely explanation for such a phenomenon was coincidence ( 巧 合 ). “In addition to pure
coincidences we must also consider the unreliability of memory”, he added. Asked what criteria
would have to be met for him to accept that precognitive dreams were a reality, he said, “The
primary problem with tests of the claim is that the subjects are unable to tell when the
event(s)they’ve dreamed about will happen.”
However, some claimed to make such tests practicable. Professor Caroline Watt at the
University of Edinburgh, has conducted studies into precognitive dreaming. She stated that knowing
future through dreams challenged the basic assumption of science — causality (relationship of cause
and effect).
Dick Bierman, a retired physicist and psychologist, who has worked at the Universities of
Amsterdam, Utrecht and Groningen, has put forward a theory that may explain precognitive dreams.
It is based on the fact that when scientists use certain mathematical descriptions to talk about things
like electromagnetism (电磁学), these descriptions favour the belief that time only moves in one
direction. However, in practice the wave that is running backwards in time does exist. This concept is
called the time symmetry, meaning that the laws of physics look the same when time runs forward or
backward. But he believes that time symmetry breaks down due to external conditions. “The key of
the theory is that it assumes that there is a special context that restores the broken time-symmetry, if
the waves running backwards are ‘absorbed’ by a consistent multi-particle (多粒子) system. The
brain under a dream state may be such a system where broken time-symmetry is partially restored.
This is still not a full explanation for precognitive dreams but it shows where physics might be
adjusted to accommodate the phenomenon,” he explains.
Although Bierman’s explanation is still based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream
science, Watt does think it is worth considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future
with dreams remains an act of faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true
understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.
17．According to French, what makes it difficult to test precognitive dreams?
A．Unavailability of people’s dreams.
B．That coincidences happen a lot in reality.
C．That criteria for dream reliability are not trustworthy.
D．People’s inability to tell when dreamt events will happen.18．Believers in precognitive dreams may question the truth of ________.
A．the assumption of causality B．the time symmetry
C．memories of ordinary people D．modern scientific tests
19．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Lincoln was warned of the killing by his friend
B．Watt carried out several experiments on causality
C．researches on electromagnetism are based on the time symmetry
D．time’s moving in two directions may justify precognitive dreams
20．Which might be the best title of the passage?
A．Should Dreams Be Assessed?
B．Can Dreams Predict the Future?
C．How Can Physics Be Changed to Explain Dreams?
D．Why Should Scientists Study Precognitive Dreams?
【答案】17．D 18．A 19．D 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了预知梦是否能够预测未来的可能性以及相关的科
学和心理学观点。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Asked what criteria would have to be met for him to accept that
precognitive dreams were a reality, he said, “The primary problem with tests of the claim is that the
subjects are unable to tell when the event(s)they’ve dreamed about will happen.”(当他被问及必须
满足什么标准才能接受梦到的未来会成为现实时，他说，“对这种说法进行测试的主要问题
是，受试者无法说出他们所梦见的事情何时会发生。”)”可知，经历这种梦境的人无法准确
预测他们梦到的事情将何时发生，这使得设计实验来验证这类梦境的有效性具有一定的难度。
故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Precognitive dreams are dreams that seemingly predict the
future which cannot be inferred from actually available information.(预知梦是一种似乎能预测未来
的梦，但不能从实际可用的信息中推断出来)”和第三段的“She stated that knowing future
through dreams challenged the basic assumption of science — causality (relationship of cause and
effect).(她说，通过梦知道未来挑战了科学的基本假设——因果关系) ”可推知，相信预知梦的
人可能会质疑因果关系的假设，因为如果梦境能够准确预测未来事件，而这些事件却无法从
当前信息中推断出来，就会挑战对因果关系的传统理解。故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Dick Bierman, a retired physicist and psychologist, who has
worked at the Universities of Amsterdam, Utrecht and Groningen, has put forward a theory that may
explain precognitive dreams. It is based on the fact that when scientists use certain mathematical
descriptions to talk about things like electromagnetism (电磁学), these descriptions favour the belief
that time only moves in one direction. However, in practice the wave that is running backwards in
time does exist. This concept is called the time symmetry, meaning that the laws of physics look the
same when time runs forward or backward. But he believes that time symmetry breaks down due toexternal conditions. “The key of the theory is that it assumes that there is a special context that
restores the broken time-symmetry, if the waves running backwards are ‘absorbed’ by a consistent
multi-particle (多粒子) system. The brain under a dream state may be such a system where broken
time-symmetry is partially restored. This is still not a full explanation for precognitive dreams but it
shows where physics might be adjusted to accommodate the phenomenon,” he explains.(曾在阿姆斯
特丹大学、乌得勒支大学和格罗宁根大学工作的退休物理学家和心理学家迪克·比尔曼提出了
一个可以解释预知梦的理论。它是基于这样一个事实：当科学家们使用某些数学描述来谈论
电磁学等事物时，这些描述倾向于相信时间只向一个方向移动。然而，在实践中，时间倒流
的波确实存在。这个概念被称为时间对称，意思是当时间向前或向后运行时，物理定律看起
来是一样的。但他认为，由于外部条件，时间对称性会被打破。“该理论的关键在于，它假
设存在一个特殊的环境，如果向后运行的波被一个一致的多粒子系统‘吸收’，那么就可以
恢复被破坏的时间对称性。梦境状态下的大脑可能就是这样一个系统，在这个系统中，被破
坏的时间对称性部分得到了恢复。这仍然不是预知梦的完整解释，但它显示了物理学可能在
哪里调整以适应这种现象，”他解释说。)”可知，文章讨论了Dick Bierman关于时间对称的
理论，暗示如果时间可以双向流动，那么可能会证明先知性梦的存在。这一推断来源于
Bierman的解释，即在某些条件下，时间对称性可能会恢复，从而允许未来的信息影响到现
在的梦境，因此时间在两个方向上移动也许可以证明预知梦是正确的。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段的“Although Bierman’s explanation is still
based on guesses and has not accepted by mainstream science, Watt does think it is worth
considering. For now, believing that it’s possible to predict future with dreams remains an act of
faith. Yet, it’s possible that one day we’ll wake up to a true understanding of this fascinating
phenomenon.(虽然比尔曼的解释仍然是基于猜测，并没有被主流科学所接受，但瓦特确实认
为这是值得考虑的。现在，相信可以通过梦来预测未来仍然是一种信仰行为。然而，有可能
有一天我们会对这个迷人的现象有一个真正的理解)”可知，文章探讨了先知性梦是否能够预
测未来的可能性，以及相关的科学和心理学观点。文章提到了一些专家的看法，包括法国教
授 Christopher French、爱丁堡大学的 Caroline Watt 教授以及物理学家和心理学家 Dick
Bierman的理论。这些观点涉及到先知性梦的可能解释和相关的挑战，以及对科学理论的影
响，因此B项“Can Dreams Predict the Future?(梦能预测未来吗？)”是最佳标题。故选B。
