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高考英语读后续写
常见修辞手法应用解析
一、Simile 明喻
明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。
它们都有常见标志词（acknowledging word），like, as, seem, as if, as though 等，它们
是辨别明喻的最显著的特征。如：
The frosty air blew in, cutting like a knife.---Wuthering Heights （环境描写）
cutting like a knife:像刀割一样
The smile on her face shone like a diamond. 她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。
Love is like the wind.You can't see it but you can feel it.（情感描写）爱如风，
你看不见，但你能感受到它。
His heart is as hard as a stone. （性格描写） 他铁石心肠。
I couldn't move my legs.It was as if they were stuck to the floor.（动作描写）我
的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。
as busy as a bee 忙忙碌碌
as hungry as a wolf 饥肠辘辘
as proud as a peacock 傲如孔雀
as brave as a lion 勇猛如狮
as pretty as a picture 美如画
【高分表达】
这本书陪伴了我很久就像一位我的老朋友似的。
The book has accompanied me for quite a long time like an old friend.
我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。
I reached out to touch her face, which was as cold as the ice.
二、Metaphor 暗喻
也称隐喻，是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。无需借助
比喻词，直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。例如：
You are an early bird! 你真的是个早起的人！（性格描写）
What a cunning little fox you are! 你很狡猾。（性格描写）
He has a heart of stone.他铁石心肠。（性格描写）
A heavy silence blanketed the room.（环境描写）整个房子沉浸在一片寂寞中。
Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.（主题升华）笑是驱走
人们脸上寒意的太阳。
【高分表达】
我如鲠在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。
I felt a lump in my throat, tearing welling up in my eyes.（情感描写）
钱有时候是一种毒药。
Money sometimes is a poison.
班门弄斧
to teach fish to swim
三、Synecdoche 提喻
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提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100 名
工人.
He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿.
He earns his bread by writing.他靠写作挣钱谋生。
【高分表达】
Have you any coppers?
你有钱吗？（以材料代事物，即以copper 铜喻指coin money 铜币）
They share the same roof.
他们住在一起。（以部分代全体，即用roof 屋顶，表示house 屋子、住宅）
四、Personification 拟人
就是把事物人格化，将本来不具备人动作和感情的事物变成和人一样具有动作和感情的样子。
The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（环境描写）夜晚温柔地平复着
我们狂热的头脑
Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.(景物描写) 顷刻间，黑暗统治了
森林。
The wind howled in the night. 夜里狂风怒吼。（环境描写）
Anger choked my words.（情感描写）我气得说不出话来。
The flowers nodded to her while she passed.（环境描写） 当她经过的时候花儿向她点
头致意。
The sun broke through the clouds and jumped out of the sea.
【高分表达】
Fear seized/swallowed him.（情感描写） 恐惧把他吞噬了。
Smile took hold of him.（情感描写）他笑容满面。
The church has witnessed the city's changes in the past 20 years.
这个教堂目睹了这个城市20 年的变化。
Necessity is the mother of invention.
需要乃是发明之母。（将需求比拟成母亲）
五、Hyperbole 夸张
是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的。它可以加强语势，增加表达效果。
It brought her heart into her mouth.（情感描写） 让她的心悬到了嗓子眼。
Her appearance fairly took my breath away.（外貌描写）她的美貌令我神魂颠倒。
When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.（神态描写）听到这个坏
消息时，她泪流成河。
【高分表达】
The young girl brought the house down with her performance.（情景描写）
这位年轻姑娘的表演博得了满堂喝彩。
I almost laughed my head off.（情感描写） 我都快笑死了。
I was so hungry that I could eat a horse.我饿的能吃下一匹马。
六、Parallelism 排比
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似，意思相关，语气一致的短语、句子
排列成串，形成一个整体。
let history say of us: these were golden years when the American revolution was
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reborn, when freedom gained new life, when America reached for her best.(Ronald
Reagan)里根运用三个从句排比强调恢复美国以往的光荣：这些年是美国的黄金时代，那时候美
国革命精神复兴、自由获得新生命、美国国势达到鼎盛。
To succeed in life, you need to take advantage of opportunities and to follow
your dreams 要想在生活中获得成功，你需要抓住机会，追随你的梦想。
lt was the best of times, and it was the worst of times.It was the age of
wisdom, and it was the age of foolishness.It was the epoch of belief, and it was the
epoch of incredulity.It was the season of light, and it was the season of
darkness.lt was the spring of hope, and it was the winter of despair.
---by Charles Dickens “A Tale of Two Cities”
这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代；是智慧的时代，也是愚蠢的时代；是信仰的时代，也是
怀疑的时代；是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；是充满希望的春天，也是令人绝望的冬天。
【高分表达】
Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing
the dishes.（动作描写）
母亲正忙着收拾要洗的衣服, 掸去家具上的灰尘, 洗碗。
Don’t make promise when you are in joy.Don’t reply when you are sad.Don’t
take decision when you are angry.Think twice and act wise.（哲理）
别在喜悦的时候许下承诺;别悲伤的时候做出回答;别在愤怒的时候作出决定。三思而行，做
出睿智的行为。
七、euphemism 委婉
温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造
成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如：
用to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代替 to die
用senior citizens 代替old people
用 a slow learner 或者an under achiever 代替a stupid pupil
用emotionally disturbed 代替mad
用washroom, men's / women's room 代替 lavatory
【高分表达】
Tommy's mother is expecting (a child) again.
汤姆的妈妈又有喜啦。
She went to her long home after a brief battle with cancer.
她与癌症做了简单搏斗便永远回老家去了。
八、Pun 双关
就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的
幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
1.We must all hang together, or we shall all hang separately.
【解析】这是本杰明 富兰克林的一句名言。句中第一个hang together 为团结一致的意思，
第二个hang 是上吊，吊死之意。表明生死存亡，关键在于团结。
语意歧解双关
-Waiter, will the pancakes be long?
-No, sir.It’s round.
【解析】顾客使用的long 指的是时间的漫长，而服务生却把它曲解为（形状的）“长形”，
产生了一些趣味。
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【高分表达】
A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms.
七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。
Seven days without water make one weak (week).
(arms 可指手臂或者武器)一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。
