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高考英语七选五真题实操精讲:用“四步法”+“先易后难”突破2023
年高考北京卷
各位同学,今天我们以2023 年高考北京卷这篇聚焦“大学排名与教学
质量”的说明文为例,继续运用“画—析—找—验”四步法+“先易后
难”技巧拆解解题过程。这类议论文/说明文的核心是理清“观点—论据
—结论”的逻辑链,只要找准上下文的语义衔接、因果呼应和代词指代,
就能精准解题。
真题呈现:【2023 年高考北京卷】
It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students
and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college.
Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 35
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they're often
surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 36
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked
universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in
higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from
the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching
and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important
predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed
on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don't view teaching
excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38
Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the
lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach
using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-
quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and
increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that
rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core
part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong
consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even
though the schools may be ranked lower.
A.Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of
teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently
emerged.
F. They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by
universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other
ranking factors.
一、先明确核心思路:说明文解题的“底层逻辑”
说明文七选五的关键是抓住“核心观点—分论点—支撑论据—总结建
议”的逻辑主线,理清段落间的递进、转折、因果关系。本次实操仍遵
循“先读文章定框架,再析空格找线索,先易后难破难点,代入验证保准
确”的核心思路,让解题有章可循。
二、分步实操:真题详解“四步法”
第一步:画——画出文章结构,搭建全局框架
不看选项,快速通读全文,跳过空格,梳理“核心观点—分论点—论
据—建议”主线,搭建文章“骨架”:
核心话题:美国学生选大学时依赖排名,但排名忽略了教学质量这一
关键因素;
段落分工:
第1 段:引出背景——学生和家庭选大学时依赖排名,暗示排名存在
不足;
第2 段:提出核心矛盾——排名未将教学卓越纳入考量,且大学也低
估教学价值;
第3 段:用研究数据支撑——低排名大学的教学评分反而更高,且教
学质量与学生成功密切相关;
第4 段:分析深层原因——排名并非唯一因素,管理者不重视、教学
投入与薪资挂钩导致教学质量受影响;
第5 段:给出结论与呼吁——需改变现状,让教学成为大学核心使
命;
第6 段:提出具体建议——学生和家庭应优先考虑重视教学质量的大
学。
作用:明确每个空格的功能定位——35 题衔接“依赖排名”与“排名
忽略关键因素”,36 题衔接“惊讶排名不含教学质量”与“更惊讶大学低
估教学”,37 题衔接“低排名大学教学评分高”与“教学质量的重要
性”,38 题衔接“管理者不重视教学”与“教学投入与薪资的关系”,39
题衔接“传统教学导致低成功率”与“改变现状的条件”。
第二步:析——分析空格特征,锁定解题方向
先分析5 个空格的位置和前后语境,再浏览选项标记关键线索(代
词、逻辑连接词、核心词):
空格
序号
位置特征
初步解题方向
35
题
段尾(背
景引出
后)
承接“家庭依赖排名”,引出后文“排名忽略教
学质量”,需体现转折关系,点出排名的缺陷
36
题
段尾(观
点递进)
承接前句“惊讶排名不含教学质量”,需进一步
递进,体现“更惊讶”的态度,关联“大学对教
学的低估”
37
题
段中(论
据衔接)
承接“低排名大学教学评分高”,需补充逻辑过
渡,引出“教学质量与学生成功的关联”,强化
教学的重要性
38
题
段中(原
因衔接)
承接“管理者不重视教学(认为不能增加注册人
数或资金)”,需说明由此产生的结果,关
联“教学与薪资的关系”
39
题
段首(结
论铺垫)
承接前文“传统教学导致低成功率”,转折引
出“改变现状的条件”,需体现逻辑转折,衔接
问题与解决方向
同时,标记7 个选项的关键线索:
选项A:Higher education has achieved its true potential.核心
词“achieved true potential”(实现真正潜力),与全文“教学质量
未受重视、需改进”的基调相反,排除;
选项B:Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring or
promotion.核心词“not highly valued、hiring or promotion”(不受
重视、招聘或晋升),体现因果关系,呼应“管理者不重视”的结果;
选项C:Quality teaching has been an important reputation-
building factor.核心词“reputation-building factor”(建立声誉的
因素),与后文“教学质量与学生成功相关”但前文“排名忽略教学”的
逻辑矛盾,排除;
选项D:However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the
quality of teaching.核心词“however、ignore a critical factor、
quality of teaching”(然而、忽略关键因素、教学质量),体现转
折,点出排名的核心缺陷,契合35 题需求;
选项E:Efforts to improve teaching at the university level
have recently emerged.核心词“efforts to improve teaching”(改
善教学的努力),全文未提及相关“努力”,无上下文衔接,排除;
选项F:They're even more surprised at how teaching is
undervalued by universities.核心词“even more surprised、
undervalued by universities”(更惊讶、被大学低估),承
接“surprised that teaching excellence is not counted”,体现递
进关系,契合36 题需求;
选项G:In fact, universities often shift emphasis from
teaching to other ranking factors.核心词“shift emphasis from
teaching to other ranking factors”(将重点从教学转向其他排名因
素),衔接“低排名大学教学评分高”,解释排名与教学质量脱节的原
因,契合37 题逻辑。
第三步:找——找前后联系,先易后难逐个击破
优先解决线索最明显的“送分题”,排除干扰项后再攻其余空格,降
低解题难度:
1. 先解最易题:35 题(转折衔接+核心观点引出)
空格前句:“Families often turn to rankings systems to help
make a decision.(家庭通常依赖排名系统来做决定)”——描述普遍现
象;
空格后段:“they're often surprised that teaching excellence
is not counted in rankings.(他们常常惊讶于排名中没有纳入教学卓
越这一项)”——点出排名的关键缺陷;
逻辑需求:需用转折词衔接“依赖排名”与“排名有缺陷”,直接引
出核心矛盾;
匹配选项:选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical
factor: the quality of teaching.(然而,排名忽略了一个关键因素:
教学质量)”中“however”完美转折,“ignore a critical
factor”引出后文“教学质量未被纳入排名”的内容,锁定D 为35 题答
案!
2. 再解线索明确题:36 题(递进衔接+态度呼应)
空格前句:“they're often surprised that teaching excellence
is not counted in rankings.(他们常常惊讶于排名中没有纳入教学卓
越这一项)”——核心线索“surprised”;
逻辑需求:需体现态度递进,“更惊讶”的内容应与“教学质量”相
关,且关联“大学”的态度;
匹配选项:选项F“They're even more surprised at how teaching
is undervalued by universities.(他们更惊讶的是大学如何低估教学
的价值)”中“even more surprised”承接前
文“surprised”,“undervalued by universities”拓展了“排名忽
略”之外的另一个问题,递进自然,锁定F 为36 题答案!
3. 接着解关联紧密题:37 题(论据补充+逻辑过渡)
空格前句:“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-
ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than
courses in higher-ranked universities.(新的研究表明,平均而言,
低排名大学的课程在教学方面的得分高于高排名大学)”——呈现研究结
论(排名与教学质量脱节);
空格后句:“The absence of teaching excellence from the
rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality
teaching and student success.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的
联系,排名中没有纳入教学卓越这一项令人惊讶)”——强调教学质量的
重要性;
逻辑需求:需补充过渡句,解释“排名与教学质量脱节”的原因,衔
接研究结论与教学的重要性;
匹配选项:选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis
from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上,大学常常将重点
从教学转向其他排名因素)”中“in fact”承接前文研究结论,解释了
为何高排名大学教学评分低(因重点不在教学),为后文“教学质量与学
生成功相关”做铺垫,锁定G 为37 题答案!
4. 再解因果衔接题:38 题(结果呼应+语义连贯)
空格前句:“Administrators often don't view teaching
excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(管
理者通常不认为教学卓越是增加注册人数或资金的一种方式)”——描述
管理者的态度(不重视教学);
空格后句:“Research shows that the more time instructors
spend on teaching, the lower their salary.(研究表明,教师在教学
上花费的时间越多,薪水就越低)”——呈现教学与薪资的负相关关系;
逻辑需求:需体现“管理者不重视”带来的结果,衔接“不重
视”与“薪资低”的逻辑;
匹配选项:选项B“Therefore, it's not highly valued in hiring
or promotion.(因此,它在招聘或晋升中没有受到高度重
视)”中“therefore”体现因果关系,“it”指代“teaching
excellence”,承接前文“管理者不重视”,说明教学在职业发展中不受
重视,进而引出后文“薪资低”的现象,逻辑连贯,锁定B 为38 题答
案!
5. 最后攻转折衔接题:39 题(问题与解决方向衔接)
此时已确定4 个答案(35=D、36=F、37=G、38=B),剩余选项A、C、
E,排除无关干扰项即可:
空格前句:“Many instructors continue to teach using
traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.(许多教
师继续使用传统讲座进行教学,这导致了较低的成功率)”——描述当前
教学的问题(传统模式+低成功率);
空格后句:“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools
with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources,
higher rankings and increased enrolments.(然而,除非重视高质量
教学的学校能获得更多资源、更高排名和更多注册人数,否则不会有太大
变化)”——提出改变现状的条件;
分析剩余选项:
选项A(实现真正潜力)与“问题+改变条件”无关,选项C(建立声
誉的因素)与前文逻辑矛盾,选项E(改善教学的努力)无上下文支撑,
均排除;
剩余无干扰项,结合逻辑需求,空格需体现“问题存在,但改变需要
条件”的转折过渡,验证上下文:前文讲传统教学的弊端,后文讲改变的
前提,衔接自然,锁定唯一符合逻辑的选项(此处剩余选项均排除后,结
合全文逻辑,39 题答案自然锁定,无需额外纠结)。
第四步:验——代入验证,确保全文流畅
将5 个答案(35=D、36=F、37=G、38=B、39=E)代入原文,通读检
查:
语义连贯:全文围绕“排名忽略教学质量—大学低估教学—教学的重
要性—问题原因—改变建议”展开,35 题点出核心矛盾,36 题递进态
度,37 题解释研究结论,38 题衔接原因与结果,39 题过渡问题与解决方
向,主线清晰;
逻辑通顺:转折关系(however)、递进关系(even more)、因果关
系(therefore)、解释关系(in fact)均自然合理,代
词“it”“they”指代明确;
无生硬感:所有选项都贴合上下文语境,干扰项A、C、E 与主线无
关,排除后全文流畅度拉满。
验证无误,确定这就是正确答案!
三、实操总结:
1.抓逻辑:说明文优先梳理“观点—论据—结论”的逻辑链,明确段
落间的转折、因果、递进关系,避免偏离核心;
2.找线索:重点关注逻辑连接词(however、therefore、even
more)、代词指代(it、they)、核心词呼应(teaching excellence、
rankings、undervalued),这些是解题关键;
3.排干扰:快速排除与主线基调相反(如A)、逻辑矛盾(如C)、无
上下文支撑(如E)的“孤立信息”,减少无效判断;
4.先易后难:优先解决转折、递进等线索明确的题(如35、36 题),
再用因果衔接、语义呼应突破其余空格,最后用排除法收尾,降低解题压
力。