1_专题十推测词义（试题word）_2023版教学资源包_2023版新高考新教材版高考总复习英语5·3B版_2_第二部分阅读理解_4_专题十　推测词义_3_试题WORD

曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
专题十 推测词义
五年高考
A组 新高考卷题组
Passage 1(2022新高考Ⅰ,C)
The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop
them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly
people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness
of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens
are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said:“I used to keep
hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to
school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out
and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens
and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it
feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and
the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the
project, said:“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We
are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said:“We are happy to be taking part in the
project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative
activities.”
1.What is the purpose of the project?
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A.To ensure harmony in care homes.
B.To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C.To raise money for medical research.
D.To promote the elderly people's welfare.
2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A.She has learned new life skills.
B.She has gained a sense of achievement.
C.She has recovered her memory.
D.She has developed a strong personality.
3.What do the underlined words“embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A.Improve. B.Oppose.
C.Begin. D.Evaluate.
4.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A.It is well received.
B.It needs to be more creative.
C.It is highly profitable.
D.It takes ages to see the results.
答案
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A
Passage 2(2022新高考Ⅱ,B)
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many
young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it's just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring
Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful
pictures—a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the
pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes(戳) the page with his finger.
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What's up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and
continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there
something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father
frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures
that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It's an outdated, lifeless thing. An
antique. Like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged,
digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built
websites.
There's one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I've spent little time in front
of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking
me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing,
Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to
my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
1.What do the underlined words“hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A.Provided shelter for me.
B.Became very clear to me.
C.Took the pressure off me.
D.Worked quite well on me.
2.Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A.He took it for a tablet computer.
B.He disliked the colorful pictures.
C.He was angry with his grandpa.
D.He wanted to read it by himself.
3.What does the author think of himself?
A.Socially ambitious.
B.Physically attractive.
C.Financially independent.
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D.Digitally competent.
4.What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A.He lacks experience in his job.
B.He seldom appears on television.
C.He manages a video department.
D.He often interviews internet stars.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B
Passage 3(2021新高考Ⅰ,C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and
lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of
these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers
who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of
waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious
sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly
concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的)waterfowl and
the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age
and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal
Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines,
Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the
Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of
our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation
Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge
System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to
come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more
than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been
called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
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1.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A.Loss of wetlands.
B.Popularity of water sports.
C.Pollution of rivers.
D.Arrival of other wild animals.
2.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire. B.Export.
C.Destroy. D.Distribute.
3.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A.The stamp price has gone down.
B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting.
D.The government has collected money.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B.The National Wildlife Refuge System
C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
答案
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A
Passage 4(2021新高考Ⅱ, B)
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first
tiger cubs(幼兽) that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos
don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving
—but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I
wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs.
They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
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As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but
when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to
mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and
left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them.
There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was
there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”,
washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump
fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with
them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very
fondly on the time that we had them.
1.Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A.To ensure their survival.
B.To observe their differences.
C.To teach them life skills.
D.To let them play with his kids.
2.What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A.Behave badly.
B.Lose their way.
C.Sleep soundly.
D.Miss their mom.
3.What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A.Boring. B.Tiring.
C.Costly. D.Risky.
4.Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A.They frightened the children.
B.They became difficult to contain.
C.They annoyed the neighbours.
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D.They started fighting each other.
答案
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B
Passage 5(2020新高考Ⅰ,D)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and
consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to
existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large
portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two
experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to
ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began,
each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed
her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she
wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants
followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took
significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.
In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test:the participants
followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making
decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what
she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a
large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin
person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
1.What is the recent study mainly about?
A.Food safety.
B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand.
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D.Eating behavior.
2.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters.
B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters.
D.Tall thin persons.
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
4.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A.How hungry we are.
B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others.
D.How we feel about the food.
答案
1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C
B组 课标全国卷、省(区、市)卷题组
Passage 1(2022全国乙,C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and,
at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very
likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions
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of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a
24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do
precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure
such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they
can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be
improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel
safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a
year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair
the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting
the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for
railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now
working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track
ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced
sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their
ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able
to react in time.
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
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D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones?
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
答案
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D
Passage 2(2022全国甲,C)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little
Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her
and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her
career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore
further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it
was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the
world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she
discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands
off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I
wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just
wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the
journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole
experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni
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says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like
some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic
sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest
things that hit home to Ginni.
1.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Try challenging things.
B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories.
D.Stick to a promise.
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A.Lovely penguins.
B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare.
D.A friend's invitation.
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A.It could be a home for her.
B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved.
D.It needs to be fully introduced.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B
Passage 3(2020课标全国Ⅰ,B)
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Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
There's a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed
you both, and thus the relationship. But books don't change, people do. And that's what makes
the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present
mental register. It's true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's
all about the present. It's about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading
is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is
Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s
Paris. The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an
ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975
ramble(随笔)about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cort􀅡zar's Save
Twilight:Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cort􀅡zar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to
the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and
necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best
books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it's you that has to grow
and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
1.Why does the author like rereading?
A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B.It's a window to a whole new world.
C.It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D.It extends the understanding of oneself.
2.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A.It's a brief account of a trip.
B.It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.
C.It's a record of a historic event.
D.It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.
3.What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
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A.Debt. B.Reward.
C.Allowance. D.Face value.
4.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A.He loves poetry.
B.He's an editor.
C.He's very ambitious.
D.He teaches reading.
答案
1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A
Passage 4(2020课标全国Ⅱ,C)
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday
list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts
are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into
clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand
that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of
Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of
the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The
ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species(物种). It's destroying the
environment. It's them or us,”says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in
the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy
to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more
than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give
people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I
think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer
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Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her
creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
1.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A.To promote guilt-free fur.
B.To expand the fashion market.
C.To introduce a new brand.
D.To celebrate a winter holiday.
2.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
3.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed.
B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable.
D.Crashed.
4.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A.It's formal. B.It's risky.
C.It's harmful. D.It's traditional.
答案
1.A 2.A 3.D 4.B
Passage 5(2020浙江7月,B)
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't
flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30 am, the full
red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic
might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it down to 135. Just like the
traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
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That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is
gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口)signals that can adjust in real time
to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines
in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed,”says
Alex Stevanovie, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin
Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A & M University Transportation Institute, says that
while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that
only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
“It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,”he
says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new
approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic:just widen
the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department's traffic engineering
manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead
of just making them bigger.
1.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Increased length of green lights.
B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing of traffic signals.
D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.
2.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A.They work better on broad roads.
B.They should be used in other cities.
C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
3.What can we learn from Bellevue's success?
A.It is rewarding to try new things.
B.The old methods still work today.
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C.It pays to put theory into practice.
D.The simplest way is the best way.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.A
Passage 6(2019课标全国Ⅰ,B)
For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and
right now it's Chris Palaez's turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark
eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he's nervous.“I'm here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the “-
ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas
Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles,
Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley
invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley
recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would
excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great
teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains,
“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident
enough to say,‘I don't know, but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the
children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The
answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and
speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child
who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
1.What made Chris nervous?
A.Telling a story.
B.Making a speech.
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C.Taking a test.
D.Answering a question.
2.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Improper pauses.
B.Bad manners.
C.Spelling mistakes.
D.Silly jokes.
3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to .
A.help students see their own strengths
B.assess students' public speaking skills
C.prepare students for their future jobs
D.inspire students' love for politics
4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A.Humorous. B.Ambitious.
C.Caring. D.Demanding.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C
Passage 7(2019课标全国Ⅱ,B)
“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.”
This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids'
lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around
stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again
and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I
talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At this point the unwilling
parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities
among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and
collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up
becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the
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other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to
bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That
relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for
more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or
services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit.
However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter
where my motivation lies?
1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?
A.She knows little about the club.
B.She isn't good at sports.
C.She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D.She's unable to meet her schedule.
2.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings.
C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice.
3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A.She gets interested in lacrosse.
B.She is proud of her kids.
C.She'll work for another season.
D.She becomes a good helper.
4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A.It gives her a sense of duty.
B.It makes her very happy.
C.It enables her to work hard.
D.It brings her material rewards.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B
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Passage 8(2019浙江6月,B)
Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union
Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins
and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash
to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave
and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a
bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.”Most of the bills on
the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片
段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,”Bridges
said.“There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that
gave the most.”Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small
number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to
show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try
similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days,”he said. “Some days you need a helping
hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
1.What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Money spent without hesitation.
B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions.
D.Money not tied together.
2.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A.Women tended to be more sociable.
B.The activity attracted various people.
C.Economic problems were getting worse.
D.Young couples needed financial assistance.
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3.Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A.To do a test on people's morals.
B.To raise money for his company.
C.To earn himself a good reputation.
D.To promote kindness and sympathy.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.D
Passage 9(2019北京,D)
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener
thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called
phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton
create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue,
depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the
growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in
the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the
ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep
ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are
vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean
and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to
grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate
model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by
3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model
projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in
some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for
phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton
in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
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And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin
to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said,“it will change the type of fish that will be able
to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too
gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It'll be a while before we
can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz
said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that
we really have changed our planet.”
1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A.The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C.The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.
C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B.Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C
Passage 10(2018课标全国Ⅱ,B)
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Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in
abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little
powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their
seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc(not that fruits have
much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow
and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and
which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious. Who cares?However,
they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base
for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas
for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or
containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent
them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and
the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.
Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for
a children's party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine
and watching the ice cream come out below.
1.What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A.They contain protein.
B.They are high in vitamin A.
C.They have a pleasant taste.
D.They are rich in antioxidants.
2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?
A.To make them smell better.
B.To keep their colour.
C.To speed up their ripening.
D.To improve their nutrition.
3.What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?
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A.A dessert.
B.A drink.
C.A container.
D.A machine.
4.From which is the text probably taken?
A.A biology textbook.
B.A health magazine.
C.A research paper.
D.A travel brochure.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B
Passage 11(2018浙江11月,C)
I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a
classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of
books and settings have been purely accidental:“Moby Dick” on a three-day cross-country
train trip; “The Magic Mountain” in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the
doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond.
Attempting “The Man Without Qualities” on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however,
was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes(册), then decided that I'd got
the point and went swimming instead.
But this summer I find myself at a loss. I'm not quite interested in Balzac, say, or “Tristram
Shandy.” There's always “War and Peace,” which I've covered some distance several times,
only to get bogged down in the “War” part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to
start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone's name and social rank. How
appealing to simply fall back on a favorite—once more into “The Waves” or “Justine,” which
feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious
literature.
And then there's Stendhal's “The Red and the Black,” which happens to be the name of my
favorite cocktail(鸡尾酒)of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and Back
Forty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea.
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Cecconi's theory:“I take whatever's fresh at the greenmarket and turn it into liquid.” The
result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at
once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids...
1.What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph?
A.He has a cottage in New England.
B.He shows talents for literature.
C.He enjoys reading when traveling.
D.He admires a lot of great writers.
2.What do the underlined words “get bogged down” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Get confused.
B.Be carried away.
C.Be interrupted.
D.Make no progress.
3.Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating?
A.He finishes them quickly.
B.He should read something serious.
C.He barely understands them.
D.He has read them many times before.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.The Books of Summer
B.My Summer Holidays
C.To Read or Not to Read
D.It's Never Too Late to Read
答案
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A
Passage 12(2018北京,D)
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away
from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California
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Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-
driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out
self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be
noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across
the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But
however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems
and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and
rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help
reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient, affordable mobility
options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are
environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars?Imagine a
future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow
journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves
or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an
appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.
Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-
driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an
unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车)services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered
private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon
emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设
施)and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.
The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-
hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and
maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the
prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless
vehicles doesn't extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have
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today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to
develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car
of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can .
A.help deal with transportation-related problems
B.provide better services to customers
C.cause damage to our environment
D.make some people lose jobs
2.As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern?
A.Safety. B.Side effects.
C.Affordability. D.Management.
3.What does the underlined word“fielded”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Employed. B.Replaced.
C.Shared. D.Reduced.
4.What is the author's attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A.Doubtful. B.Positive.
C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.
答案
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B
Passage 13(2018江苏,B)
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat
soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze's chain shops also
set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the
modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take
visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more
pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was
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served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more
tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell
how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were
none the wiser—they didn't feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.
Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way
to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特).
When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried
diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender (薰衣草)
stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad”tables, crowding,
high prices—don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door, say—spent
nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not
“be overly concerned about ‘bad’tables,”given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong
Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting great food at fair
prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
1.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the
customers were .
A.not aware of eating more than usual
B.not willing to share food with others
C.not conscious of the food quality
D.not fond of the food provided
2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A.Playing classical music.
B.Introducing lemon scent.
C.Making the light brighter.
D.Using plates of larger size.
3.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A.Tips to attract more customers.
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B.Problems restaurants are faced with.
C.Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.
D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
答案
1.A 2.A 3.D
三年模拟
A组 考点基础题组
Passage 1(2022辽宁名校联盟3月联考,C)
The village of Misfat Al Abriyeen has changed its fortunes by transforming mud-brick
homes into fine hotels. The village of 800 people, located on the cliffs of Oman's “Grand
Canyon”, opened its narrow streets years ago to foreigners and locals seeking adventure in the
deserts and green corners of the Gulf area.
Villager Yacoub Al-Abri said it all started in 2010 when his uncle suggested they take another
look at the mud houses that had lain ignored for years in the ancient settlement about three
hours' drive from the capital Muscat. The owners had abandoned the centuries-old homes,
fearing they could topple, and moved to the opposite side of the village where they built new
accommodation.
The brown-walled homes, made of mud bricks with palm-leave roofs, were turned into simple
but elegant inns with wood furniture and handcrafts made using skills handed down from
their ancestors. “We started with only five rooms, then we increased the number and bought
other old houses. Today we have 15 rooms and there are plans to continue expanding until we
reach 50,” Al-Abri said.
At an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, the tiny village which is home to his tribe is a
charming collection of traditional houses located along dozens of small alleys (小巷)
overlooking lands bursting with banana plants and citrus and palm trees. It is part of a region
known as the Grand Canyon of Oman where tourists can hike the rocky mountains and
valleys, and explore the old ways of local people. The region is also famed for its centuries-
old stories that are still widely told in similar villages across the country.
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Renoda, a Dutch psychologist living in Muscat, was visiting with three of her friends. “It's
perhaps the 10th time that I have visited this hotel since last year. I come here for a night or
two every month seeking calm, relaxation and comfort,” she told AFP.
1.What does the underlined word “topple” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Move. B.Fall.
C.Disappear. D.Shrink.
2.What are the rooms of the village hotels like?
A.Splendid. B.Outdated.
C.Ordinary. D.Traditional.
3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The unique lifestyle of the local people.
B.The special situation of the small village.
C.The reasons for the popularity of the village.
D.The introduction of the history of the village.
4.What can be inferred about Renoda?
A.She lives a stressful life in the city.
B.She enjoys adventurous traveling.
C.Visiting the villagers is part of her work.
D.She wants to live in this hotel permanently.
答案
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A
Passage 2(2022山东泰安一模,C)
The literary world has a new star. Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is the winner of the
Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 in recognition of his “compassionate penetration (揭示) of the
effects of colonialism (殖民主义)and the fate of the refugee (难民)”.
Gurnah grew up in Zanzibar, an island off the coast of Tanzania. In the late 1960s, Gurnah
was forced to leave for England as a refugee, where he began to reflect on his experiences in a
diary and then through stories. Through the years, he wrote 10 novels and stories that explore
the suffering caused by war and colonialism. “The thing that motivated the whole experience
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of writing for me was this idea of losing your place in the world,” Gurnah told The New York
Times.
His 1994 novel Paradise, which tells the story of a boy growing up in early 20th century
Tanzania, marked his breakthrough as a novelist and won the Booker Prize. Afterlives, his
most recent work, continues the narrative of Paradise and takes place during the period of
German colonialism in Tanzania.
Before he retired, Gurnah,73, was a professor of English and postcolonial literature at the
University of Kent in England. Although Gurnah's first language is Swahili, he adopted
English as his literary language. His writing often contains traces of Arabic, Swahili and
German, as well.
Anders Olsson, the chair of the Nobel committee, said that Gurnah “is widely recognized as
one of the world's more preeminent postcolonial writers”.
Ethiopian-American novelist Maaza Mengiste described Gurnah's writings as being “like a
gentle blade (刀刃) slowly moving in”.“He has written works that are absolutely unfearing
and yet at the same time completely compassionate and full of hearts for people of East
Africa,” Mengiste said. “He is writing stories that are often quiet stories of people who aren't
heard, but there's insistence there that we listen.”
1.What are Gurnah's works mainly about?
A.The life of the people in Tanzania.
B.Effects of war and colonialism.
C.Experiences of living abroad.
D.Growth in an underdeveloped nation.
2.What can we know about Gurnah?
A.He was inspired to write by his refugee experience.
B.He used to be a professor of law and literature.
C.He publishes his works in Arabic and Swahili.
D.He was not well-known until he won the Nobel Prize.
3.What does Maaza Mengiste think of Gurnah's writing?
A.It is elegantly written in his native language.
B.It is widely welcomed by people around the world.
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C.It is powerful and employs sharp language.
D.It calls for attention to the life of the underclass.
4.What does the underlined word “preeminent” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Awful. B.Potential.
C.Outstanding. D.Particular.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C
Passage 3(2022湖南学业质量第二次联合检测,B)
Animal rescuer and cinematographer Douglas Thron's passion for animals began when
he was a little kid. “I started rescuing orphaned baby animals,” Thron says. “And I wanted to
be a wildlife cinematographer.”
When Thron grew up, he did just that, working for shows like Discovery Channel's Shark
Week, filming the great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz, California. But Thron says it
was the fire in Paradise in California in 2018 that “pushed” him to do animal rescue work,
putting his aerial cinematography skills to good use.
At the time, Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after the fire using an infrared
hand-held camera. The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night. Thron and the man
talked about how incredible it would be to put one on a drone to detect animals more easily.
“The animal's body temperature will glow on the screen and you can pick them out among the
bricks and stones,” explains Thron.
The first animal Thron ever rescued in this way was a dog in the Bahamas after a category-5
hurricane hit, which wiped out hundreds of houses. Thron put an infrared scope on a drone
and found the dog.
“The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be
rescued,” Thron says. Once the scope picks up the “heat signature of an animal”, Thron turns
a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it, so he and the rescue crew can go and save the
animal.
Thron has basically been “going non-stop since then”. His TV show, Doug to the Rescue,
shows some of his heart-warming animal rescues, including after Hurricane Laura in
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Louisiana in 2020 and after fires in Northern California and Oregon. Thron also helped rescue
koalas after fires damaged parts of Australia in 2020.
1.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Researching rare animals.
B.Rescuing homeless animals.
C.Becoming a disaster rescuer.
D.Working as a wildlife cinematographer.
2.What's Thron's purpose of attaching the infrared camera to the drone?
A.To locate an animal quickly.
B.To shoot more inviting photos.
C.To take animals' body temperature.
D.To give warnings of dangers timely.
3.What's the fifth paragraph mainly about?
A.The difficulties Thron has to overcome.
B.The skills Thron will need to operate the drone.
C.The way Thron uses the drone to rescue animals.
D.The reason why Thron chose his present job.
4.According to the passage, which word can best describe Thron?
A.Modest. B.Creative.
C.Generous. D.Outgoing.
答案
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B
Passage 4(2022山东青岛4月模拟,D)
Think back to when you were in a maths classroom, and the teacher set a difficult
problem. Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted?
A: Oh no, this is too hard for me. I'm not even going to seriously try and work it out.
B: Ah, this is quite tricky, but I like to push myself. Even if I don't get the answer right,
maybe I'll learn something in the attempt.
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Early in her career, the psychologist Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group of ten-
year-olds problems that were slightly too hard for them. One group reacted positively and
loved the challenge. She says they had a “growth mindset” and focused on what they could
achieve in the future. But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being
judged and they had failed. They had a “fixed mindset” and were unable to imagine
improving. Some of them looked for someone who had done worse than them to boost their
self-esteem.
Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment. For years,
children have been praised for their intelligence or talent, but this makes them vulnerable(脆
弱的) to failure. They become performance-oriented, wanting to please by getting high
grades, but they are not interested in learning for its own sake. The solution, according to
Dweck, is to lead them to become mastery-oriented (i.e. interested in getting better at
something). She claims that the ever-lasting effort over time is the key to outstanding
achievements.
Psychologists have been testing these theories. Underperforming school children on a Native
American reservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year. The results were
nothing less than incredible. They came top in regional tests, beating children from much
more privileged backgrounds. These children had previously felt that making an effort was a
sign of stupidity, but they came to see it as the key to learning.
1.What can we learn about a person if his response is “B”?
A.He is performance-oriented.
B.He tends to set limits to his life.
C.He enjoys the process and focuses on the future.
D.He boosts his self-esteem by comparing with others.
2.Which of the following suggestions will Professor Dweck give to parents and teachers?
A.To reward children for their high grades.
B.To emphasize the importance of intelligence.
C.To ignore the result brought by failure.
D.To praise children for their engagement in the process.
3.What does “These children” in the last paragraph refer to?
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A.Children showing no interest in learning.
B.Children who use fixed mindset techniques.
C.Children from much more privileged backgrounds.
D.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation.
4.Why does the author write the text?
A.To distinguish the growth mindset and the fixed mindset.
B.To inform readers of the importance of the growth mindset.
C.To show several psychological study results.
D.To point out a problem in education at the moment.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A
Passage 5(2021湖北黄冈中学4月质检,B)
One day when some government officials were rebuilding a barn, they found a mouse
hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while later
they really saw mice running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought that all the mice
had escaped. But just as they began to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing out at the
mouth of the hole. With some efforts, the mice finally got out. However, it was strange that
after they came out of the hole, they did not run away immediately. Instead, one chased after
the other near the mouth of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to bite the tail of the other.
Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped nearer to take a look. They realized that one of the
mice was blind and could not see anything, and the other was trying to allow the blind mouse
to bite on its tail so that it could pull the blind one with it to escape.
After seeing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. During the meal
time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to talk about what happened to the
two mice.
One serious American official said, “I think the relationship between those two mice was that
of king and guard.” The others thought for a while and said, “That was why!”
A clever Frenchman said, “I think the relationship between those two mice was that of
husband and wife.” Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made sense.
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A Japanese said, “I think the relationship between those two mice was that of mother and
son.” Once again the others thought for a while, and felt this was more reasonable. So they
expressed agreement.
At that moment, one Chinese asked, “Why did those two mice have to have a certain
relationship?”
Suddenly, the group looked at the Chinese and remained speechless. The American official,
the Frenchman and the Japanese who had spoken earlier all lowered their head.
In fact, true love is not built on friendship, loyalty or blood relationship. It is built on no
relationship.
1.Neither of the two mice ran away immediately because .
A.one was biting the other
B.the mouth of the hole was too small
C.they were not afraid of smoke
D.one was trying to help the blind one
2.Why did the three men lower their head according to the passage?
A.They did not dare to answer.
B.They had mistaken the relationship of the mice.
C.They regretted driving a poor blind mouse away.
D.They did not express a better viewpoint.
3.It is clear that .
A.all the mice came out of the hole easily
B.each of the four people understood the relationship differently
C.the people wanted to kill the mice with smoke
D.the people knew one of the mice was blind at first sight
4.The underlined sentence “it made sense” probably means .
A.it was reasonable B.it was strange
C.it was funny D.it was sweet
答案
1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A
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Passage 6(2021重庆南开中学3月质检,C)
A company called Compass Pools has some good news for height and swimming
enthusiasts.Recently, the company announced their novel design—a first of its kind 360-
degree pool which is set to be placed on a skyscraper in London. The Infinity London will be
the first and only building in the world to include this cutting-edge pool design. The pool will
be laid on top of a 55-story skyscraper and will allow people to float over 200 meters above
the London skyline with unobstructed(没有障碍的) views of the city.
The entrance to the pool is hidden. People began to raise questions about how anyone would
get inside the pool. Compass Pools explains,“Swimmers will access the pool through a
rotating spiral(螺旋形的) staircase based on the door of a submarine, rising from the pool
floor when someone wants to get in or out.”
But that is not the only unique technology of the pool. The designers found a way to make
sure the wind doesn't blow the water down to the streets. They included a built-in
anemometer(风速计) to monitor the wind speed. It is linked to a computer-controlled
building management system which will also take care of the temperature of the water.
Alex Kemsley promises that this unique pool will surpass everyone's expectations.“It's quite a
strange feeling to swim in the SkyPool at The Shard and have helicopters flying past at your
level but this pool takes it a step further,”he says.“Putting your goggles(游泳镜) on and with
a 360-degree view of London from 220m up, it really will be something else—but it's
definitely not one for the acrophobic(恐高的)!”
While the exact date of the construction is not clear yet, if things go well, it may begin in
2022.The location has yet to be confirmed too.
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.The Infinity London is the only building to swim in.
B.Swimmers can enjoy the views of London in the new pool.
C.The pool is located on the first floor of a skyscraper.
D.Compass Pools has built many 360-degree pools in the world.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.How to get a view of London.
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B.How to monitor the wind speed.
C.How to get into or out of the pool.
D.How to keep the water in the pool.
3.Who might not be suitable to swim in the new pool?
A.People who enjoy flying.
B.People who lose weight.
C.People who fear heights.
D.People who have poor sight.
4.What can we know about the new pool?
A.It is not certain when people can swim in it.
B.The exact location of the construction is clear.
C.Swimmers can expect its designs easily.
D.It's impossible to monitor the temperature of the water.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A
B组 综合提升题组
Passage 1(2022福建4月诊断性测试,C)
Scientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the world's smelliest fruits to
make devices that could power electric cars. A durian is a fruit that looks like a pineapple. It
is a delicacy in some Asian countries, but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those
countries have banned it from public places. Its smell has been compared to rotting eggs and
even smelly old gym socks.
Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at the University of Sydney, in Australia, used a durian
and a jackfruit—another fruit known for its terrible smell—to make energy storing devices
called supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries. They can't store as much energy as a normal
battery does, but they are much quicker to recharge. Durians and jackfruits contain some of
the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea. To make the fruit-based
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devices, the team heated and then freeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durian and jackfruit
to make a special kind of material called an aerogel.
Aerogels are one of the world's lightest solid materials. Often called “frozen smoke”, they are
made by removing the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air. They have many scientific
uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes
them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from the durian and jackfruit
both worked well when placed inside a supercapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found
to be the better of the two.
The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are
expensive. Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits, Gomes says, could reduce
environmental pollution, as well as costs.
1.What makes some countries have different attitudes toward the durian?
A.Its smell. B.Its appearance.
C.Its value. D.Its popularity.
2.Which paragraph mentions Gomes's inspiration of innovation?
A.Paragraph 1. B.Paragraph 2.
C.Paragraph 3. D.Paragraph 4.
3.What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.Aerogels. B.Scientific uses.
C.Properties. D.Electric currents.
4.What can we learn about fruit-based supercapacitors?
A.They are devices for producing electricity.
B.They are chemicals from durians.
C.They are green and economical.
D.They are light and liquid.
答案
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C
Passage 2(2022江苏南通基地学校第三次大联考,B)
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Growing up in an underdeveloped zone of Johannesburg, South Africa, Musa Motha
says his surroundings weren't exactly ideal. Soccer was his favorite sport, and he fondly
remembers the times he played for the local youth team. But when he was 10 years old, he
injured his left leg. This changed everything.
A bone marrow biopsy(骨髓活检) revealed Motha had osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer,
in his left leg. While his soccer injury was not the cause, it did draw attention to the already-
present cancer. He chose the amputation(截肢) and decided he was going to approach life
differently—more positively.
True to his word, Motha, now 26, can be seen twirling(转动) across stages around the world.
He first encountered dance at a neighborhood party, where he asked a friend to teach him
some modified moves. “Then I danced the whole night,” he recalled. His talents did not go
unnoticed; he began appearing in South African TV ads and shows. He even appeared in
Drake's One Dance music video.
Motha thinks that representation needs to extend beyond the performing arts. “The more we
can see the disabled person in multiple aspects of life, such as helicopter pilots, engineers,
chefs, choreographers and professors, the greater hope we can hold onto for a society where
no one is on the margins,” he said. That's Motha's dream as well.
Though he said that dance gave him “a purpose”, he added, “I don't want to see myself as a
dancer only.” He wants to create a space for other people with disabilities to go outside their
comfort zone—from soccer to singing. He feels that greater representation will create more
opportunities and inclusions, paving the way for people with disabilities to shine. “Instead of
telling a sob story, I find that the most beautiful stories are after the amputation,” Motha said.
He encourages others with disabilities that they, too, can do everything: “There're a whole lot
of things that you can overcome and that actually define how strong you are.”
1.What caused the discovery of Motha's cancer?
A.The terrible living environment.
B.The routine medical examination.
C.The accidental injury to his left leg.
D.The amputation of his left leg.
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2.Why does Motha refuse to see himself as a dancer only?
A.To indicate that dance is no longer his favorite.
B.To inspire the disabled to go beyond themselves.
C.To stress he hasn't gone outside his comfort zone.
D.To show off his talents in more aspects of his life.
3.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Everyone can make a difference.
B.Most of our dreams have come true.
C.Not all disabled people are influential.
D.No disabled people have been prejudiced.
4.Which of the following can best describe Motha?
A.Brave and humorous.
B.Friendly and sociable.
C.Humble and creative.
D.Optimistic and ambitious.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D
Passage 3(2022广东深圳外国语学校二检,C)
The pandemic has required many people to make difficult judgments. Politicians have
had to decide which restrictions to impose on citizens' behavior and individuals were forced
to assess how much personal risk to take.
Good judgment is a quality everyone would like to have. But it is remarkably difficult to
define precisely, and many people are not sure whether they personally possess it. Sir Andrew
Likierman of London Business School has spent a long time talking to leaders in a wide range
of fields in an effort to create a framework for understanding judgment.
First he had to define the word. He suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal
qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and make decisions”. The
degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. For a
chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take
action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences.
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Some people think that good judgment is inborn. Sir Andrew accepts that some individuals
are born with the ability to listen, be self-aware and better understand other people: all
qualities that make good judgment easier. Others may have the wrong sort of characteristics: a
tendency to ignore others, stick to rules irrespective of context, rush into action without
reflection and struggle to make up their minds.
As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector,
exercising judgment may be one of the only areas where humans retain an edge over
machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to
display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the
long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to
let machines make decisions and when to leave it to people.
1.Which of the following situations DOESN'T need a person's judgment?
A.Politicians decide restrictions imposed on citizens' behavior.
B.A person assesses what action to take in the face of difficulties.
C.A student tries to work out a math problem.
D.A farmer feels hurt when bitten by a snake.
2.Which statement is true about Sir Andrew Likierman?
A.He talked to leaders with good judgment for his study.
B.He thinks people are born with good judgment.
C.He thinks being self-aware helps with good judgment.
D.He thinks people with the ability to listen have good judgment.
3.What may artificial intelligence be able to do according to the passage?
A.To make decisions freely.
B.To finish all the tasks.
C.To display good judgment.
D.To leave decisions to humans.
4.Which of the following could replace the underlined phrase?
A.Have an advantage over.
B.Take the place of.
C.Perform worse than.
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D.Stand up to.
答案
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A
Passage 4(2022江苏南通基地学校第三次大联考,D)
A school's “peace room” aims to end fighting in the halls
By the time Marquita Riley, 16, and Aaliyah Hudson, 17, ended up in their school's “peace
room”, rumors(传闻) had floated through the halls that the two girls were going to fight.
The peace room at Manley is a part of the school's restorative justice initiative, a growing
social movement that, among other things, focuses on healing and teaching how to solve
conflicts. The philosophy aims to bring together victims and offenders to cooperatively work
through their problems.
The concept is increasingly being used in schools, community centers and churches in
Chicago as a way to teach young people how to analyze their anger. They learn to confront
tension before it turns violent. It is also being used as an alternative to punitive(处罚
的)measures, like suspensions and arrests, which can lead to more trouble for hurting
communities.
The idea is that “when harm happens or someone misbehaves, there needs to be a process of
restoration in order for the community to move forward,” said Ilana Zafran of Umoja Student
Development. Umoja runs restorative justice programs in Chicago schools.
The concept forces all sides in a disagreement to communicate and understand one another
instead of resorting to violence. There may still be punishment for wrongdoing, but
restorative justice emphasizes identifying hurt and thinking of ways to fix it.
“A lot of our kids don't want to be involved in fights. They don't want to be suspended or
away from school,” Jackson said. “We had to create an environment of peace. High school
has to be a pleasurable experience for our kids. If they come here and feel the same anxiety
they feel in the streets, how can we expect them to stay?”
Among the people there were Marquita and Aaliyah, the two girls rumored to be gearing up
for a major fight. After another 20 minutes of discussion, they agreed they had simply
misunderstood each other. The girls decided they would not fight, and promised they would
talk it over if they found themselves facing tension again.
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1.What is Manley's peace room aimed at?
A.Preventing rumors from spreading.
B.Developing students' team spirit.
C.Helping students restore relations.
D.Warning students to behave well.
2.What may result from lack of restorative justice in communities?
A.Alternatives to punishment.
B.Violent tension.
C.Processes of restoration.
D.Controlled anger.
3.Which can replace the underlined phrase in Paragraph 5?
A.Depending on.
B.Putting up with.
C.Looking back to.
D.Making up for.
4.Why does the author give an example of Marquita and Aaliyah?
A.To prove effectiveness of the peace room.
B.To show the harm of campus violence.
C.To explain the reason for suspension.
D.To introduce kids' school experiences.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A
Passage 5(2021湖南六校4月联考,D)
In a large survey of people's first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first
memory that is likely to be fictional, according to findings published in Psychological
Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
Current research indicates that people's earliest memories date from around 3 to 3.5 years of
age. However, the study from researchers at City, University of London, the University of
Bradford, and Nottingham Trent University found that 38.6% of 6,641 participants claimed to
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have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming memories from age 1 or
younger. This was particularly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults.
As many of these memories dated before the age of 2 and younger, the authors suggest that
these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments(碎片) of early experience—
such as a pram(婴儿车),family relationships and feeling sad—and some facts or knowledge
about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or
family conversations.
“Further details may be unconsciously inferred or added,” added Shazia Akhatr, first author
on the study and Senior Research Associate at the University of Bradford.
“When we looked through the responses from participants we found that a lot of these first
‘memories’ were frequently related to infancy, and a typical example would be a memory
based around a pram,” explained Martin Conway, Director at the Centre for Memory and Law
at City, University of London and coauthor of the paper.
“For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something
like ‘Mother and a large green pram’. The person then imagines what it would have looked
like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the person will start to add
things in such as a string of toys along the top,” he added.
“Crucially, the person remembering them doesn't know this is fictional,” Conway noted. In
fact when people are told that their memories are false they often don't believe it. This is
partly due to the fact that the systems that allow us to remember things are very complex, and
it's not until we're 5 or 6 that we form adult-like memories due to the way that the brain
develops and due to our maturing understanding of the world.
1.What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Unique. B.Crazy.
C.Common. D.Doubtful.
2.What can be concluded from the study mentioned in the passage?
A.Some people have clear knowledge about their own infancy.
B.Added details are an important clue to recall the childhood.
C.Most people claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger.
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D.Talks between family members influence the earliest memories.
3.How did Martin Conway present his opinion?
A.By making a comparison.
B.By giving examples.
C.By analyzing data.
D.By referring to documents.
4.What's the main idea of the text?
A.Many people's earliest memories may be fictional.
B.People's earliest memories can date back to 2 or younger.
C.Middle-aged and older adults specialize in detailing their first memory.
D.Memories develop due to our maturing understanding of the world.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A
Passage 6(2020山东济南外国语学校测试,D)
A 2018 report found that food waste would increase by a third to 2.1 billion tons by
2030.Beyond the cost of the waste itself,thrown-away food generates a gas that contributes to
climate change.
Home delivery meal kits can reduce food waste by more than two-thirds,but suppliers need to
switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.
Tailor-made meal kits cut waste by providing people with precise amounts of fresh
ingredients(原料)for chosen recipes, meaning leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery
services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same food ingredients from the
supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-
use packaging. The good news is that if people have meals that are tailored for consumption,
they won't overbuy and have less food waste. They fine-tune the amount of food to what
they will actually eat.
Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放物) if people go to the supermarket less
frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper, they may only have
to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals for a lot of people in
the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.
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However, studies found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would
still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the
energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. The packaging is a killer if it's
single-use and thrown away, which can make all the environmental benefits lost. But if the
packaging can be reused, if it's the glass bottle, like in the old days, we can get some benefits.
1.What can we learn about home delivery meal kits?
A.They can cut down on daily expenses.
B.They will totally solve the problem of food waste.
C.They can keep energy consumption to a minimum.
D.They will benefit the environment with reusable packaging.
2.What does the underlined word“fine-tune”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Attach. B.Adjust.
C.Raise. D.Compare.
3.Carrying meals with a delivery truck can .
A.reduce transport emissions
B.save more food
C.make people shop only in the supermarket
D.shorten car trip distances
4.What's the author's attitude to meal kits?
A.Supportive. B.Unfavorable.
C.Objective. D.Indifferent.
答案
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C
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