文档文本内容
话题 11 正确的人生态度，公民义务与社会责任
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟第三次联考)
Inspired by his mentor Louis Sullivan，an influential figure in the world of
modernist architecture，Frank Lloyd Wright coined the term “organic architecture”
around 1908.
Rather than imitating nature or organic elements within the natural world ，
organic architecture is more concerned with re－interpretation of nature and harmony
between the organic and the built environment.It ensures that the individual elements
within buildings are put together to reflect the order within nature.Here are 4 of the
most striking examples.
Casa Milà
Location：Barcelona，Spain
Year of completion：1910
Architect：Antoni Gaudi
Considered the greatest exponent of Catalan Modernism，Antoni Gaudi was
devoted to nature and the Catholic religion.While he originally intended this organic
building to have a religious purpose，it is now an apartment building.True to the
organic style，it features the shape of honeycomb that seemingly emerges from the
earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
Location：Singapore
Year of completion：2015
Architect：Thomas Heatherwick
Earning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”，the Learning
Hub consists of 12 eight－storey towers arranged around a public atrium.The organic
nature of the building extends to its interior with features like gardens that are
intended to encourage social interactions and study among students.Falling Water
Location：Mill Run，Pennsylvania
Year of completion：1939
Architect：Frank Lloyd Wright
A classic of modernism and organic architecture，Falling Water sits on top of a
waterfall.Frank Lloyd Wright designed it for the Kaufmann family who—though they
had originally hoped for a view of the waterfall—came to love the home.
East Beach Café
Location：Littlehampton，UK
Year of completion：2007
Architect：Thomas Heatherwick
Located in a seaside area with an industrial history，East Beach Café resembles
(像) a piece of driftwood.Forty meters long，seven meters wide and five meters
high，it initially polarised locals，but has since been well－received by the whole
community.It was the first building for Thomas Heatherwick who previously was
better known as a sculptor.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四座著名的有机建筑的情况。
1.Which building has the longest history?
A.Casa Milà. B.Learning Hub at NTU.
C.Falling Water. D.East Beach Café.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，Casa Milà 完成于 1910 年；
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) 完成于2015年；Falling
Water完成于1939年；East Beach Café 完成于2007年。故Casa Milà的历史最
悠久。]
2.What can we learn about East Beach Café？
A.It remains floating on the sea.
B.It serves to encourage social interactions.
C.It was not accepted by all the locals initially.
D.It was originally intended for a particular family.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据East Beach Café部分中“Forty meters long，sevenmeters wide...by the whole community.”可知，它最初让当地人两极分化，但后来
受到了整个社区的欢迎，故可知起初并不是所有的当地人都接受 East Beach
Café。]
3.Which of the following magazines is the text probably taken from?
A.Natural World. B.Architectural Digest.
C.Organic Gardening. D.Extraordinary Figures.
答案 B [文章出处题。根据第二段内容并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述
了有机建筑，关注有机环境与建筑环境中人与自然的和谐，并列举了四座著名
的建筑来说明，可推知“建筑文摘”可能是本文的来源。]
B
(2024·湖南常德市一中模拟预测)
“I saw it first，” Amy said，as she ripped the old leather wallet out of
Charlie’s hands.Without saying a word，as if they both understood that this was a
secret they didn’t want to share with anyone，they slipped into the alley，where no
one could see them look inside.
“There’s got to be a million dollars here！”Charlie blurted out，when they saw
the pile of hundred－dollar bills.Amy，the more realistic of the two，did a quick
estimate，thumbing through the wad of cash.“More like thousands，” she said，
her voice shaking in disbelief.
They’d found the wallet in a flowerbed by the sidewalk，when Charlie dropped
his cell phone while he was trying to talk and eat a slice of pepperoni pizza at the
same time.Amy stuffed the wallet into her backpack and pulled Charlie along by his
elbow toward her house.As they rushed toward Viceroy Avenue ， they talked
excitedly about what they could do with the money—buy gifts for parents and
friends，get new clothes，travel to the rainforest in Costa Rica，and adopt a whale.It
looked like all of their dreams would come true.For the last block，however，they
didn’t talk.Each began to suspect that the other one was silently adding to the list of
things they could buy.
They finally reached Amy’s house，but instead of going inside，they walked
around the house to the back porch.They opened the wallet and counted the moneyinto piles of ten.The total was $2，400—more money than either of them had ever
seen.Then they both started talking at once，“I wonder who lost it.” Their moods
shifted ， sinking from the high of being rich for fifteen minutes to resigning
themselves to what they must do next.For in the wallet’s clear plastic compartment，
there was a driver’s license.They knew what they had to do.Although they would lose
their newly－found treasure，in a way，they felt relieved.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了 Amy和Charlie在花坛里发现了一
个有几千美元的钱包，两人把钱包拿走，畅想利用这笔钱做什么，后来两人还
是决定把钱包还给失主，让自己放下心理负担。
4.Where did Amy and Charlie find the wallet?
A.In an alley. B.In a backpack.
C.Among some flowers. D.On the sidewalk.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段中“They’d found the wallet in a flowerbed
by the sidewalk”可知，Amy和Charlie在一些花中间发现了这个钱包。]
5.In Paragraph 2，why was Amy’s voice shaking?
A.She was afraid that they would be seen by others.
B.She was disappointed there wasn’t a million dollars.
C.She was fearful that Charlie would tell someone else.
D.She felt nervous because she’d never seen so much money.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘More like thousands，’ she said，
her voice shaking in disbelief.”可知，Amy不敢相信钱包里有这么多钱。由此推
知，从未见过这么多钱的她会感到紧张，声音颤抖。]
6.On their way to Amy’s house，the children’s moods changed from .
A.excited to suspicious B.happy to angry
C.relieved to worried D.nervous to disappointed
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“As they rushed toward Viceroy
Avenue，they talked excitedly about...and adopt a whale.”和“For the last block，
however，they didn’t talk...the list of things they could buy.”可知，在回Amy家的
路上，两人先是非常兴奋，开心地想象利用这笔钱可以做什么，后来变得沉
默，猜疑对方偷偷地想买更多的东西，因此两个孩子的情绪是由兴奋变成怀疑。]
7.What did the children decide to do at the end of the story?
A.To keep the money a secret from others.
B.To return the wallet to its rightful owner.
C.To put the wallet back where they found it.
D.To buy many different things with the money.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For in the wallet’s clear plastic
compartment...lose their newly－found treasure，in a way，they felt relieved.”可推
知，Amy和Charlie打算放弃这笔财富，根据钱包里驾驶执照的信息将钱包返还
给失主，让自己放下心理负担。]
C
(2024·广东汕头金山中学三模)
Scrubbing your hands with soap and water washes away germs (细菌).But the hot
－air hand dryers found in many public restrooms seem to spray microbes (微生
物)right back onto clean skin.That’s what 16－year－old Zita Nguyen found by
testing people’s freshly washed and dried hands.
She showcased her findings this week at the Regeneron International Science and
Engineering Fair (ISEF).Held in Dallas，Texas，this competition is a program of the
Society for Science.
Toilets in public restrooms seldom have lids.So flushing them sprays the germs
from body waste into the air.That same air is drawn into those electric hand
dryers.These machines provide a nice warm home in which microbes can grow，Zita
says.Cleaning the inside of these machines can be difficult，she adds.
The teen had four people wash and dry their hands in restrooms at a mall and a
gas station.The participants scrubbed with soap and water.After each washing，they
dried their hands using one of three different methods.In some trials，they simply
used paper towels.In the others，they used an electric hand dryer.Sometimes，they
held their hands close to the machine，about 13 centimeters below it.Other times，
they held their hands about 30 centimeters below the dryer.Each hand － drying
condition was performed 20 times.Right after this drying，Zita swabbed (用拭子擦) their hands for germs.Then she
rubbed the swabs onto petri dishes filled with nutrients that would fuel a microbe’s
growth.She housed these dishes in an incubator (细菌培养器) for three days.
Fewer than 50 colonies of microbes ，on average，turned up in each dish
exposed to swabs from hands dried with paper towels or from hands held farther from
the electric dryers.In contrast，more than 130 colonies，on average，grew in petri
dishes from hands held close to the hot－air dryers.
At first ， Zita was amazed by all the microbes in these dishes.Quickly ，
however，she realized they represented what covered people’s hands after using a hot
－air dryer.“This is disgusting，” she now says.“I’m never going to use these
machines again！”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了 16岁的 Zita Nguyen 通过测试
发现，公共厕所的热风烘干机会把微生物直接喷回在刚洗干净的手上。
8.What is the main function of the first paragraph?
A.To provide background information.
B.To summarize Zita’s findings.
C.To call for action.
D.To explain a rule.
答案 B [写作意图题。根据第一段中“But the hot－air hand dryers...what 16－
year－old Zita Nguyen found by testing people’s freshly washed and dried hands.”和
第二段中“She showcased her findings this week at the Regeneron International
Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).”可推知，第一段主要是为了总结 Zita 的发
现。]
9.Which of the following does NOT play a role in the phenomenon Zita discovered?
A.Public toilets often lack lids.
B.Hand dryers are warm.
C.People often forget to wash their hands.
D.The inside of hand dryers is hard to clean.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段“Toilets in public restrooms seldom have
lids...Cleaning the inside of these machines can be difficult，she adds.”可知，公共厕所很少有盖子，烘干机是温暖的，清洗烘干机内部很困难，导致用烘干机烘
干手时会将细菌带到手上，C项“人们经常忘记洗手”不是其中一个原因。]
10.What did Zita do as part of the experiment?
A.She analysed existing data.
B.She tested hundreds of people.
C.She visited many locations.
D.She compared different methods.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Right after this drying，Zita swabbed
(用拭子擦)their hands for germs...in an incubator(细菌培养器)for three days.”和第
四段提到“After each washing，they dried their hands using one of three different
methods.”提到参与者用不同的方法烘干手可知，在实验中，Zita比较了不同的
方法。]
11.What is Zita’s attitude to electric dryers now?
A.Negative. B.Uncertain.
C.Supportive. D.Interested.
答案 A [观点态度题。根据最后一段中“‘This is disgusting，’ she now
says.‘I’m never going to use these machines again！’”可推知，现在Zita对烘干
机的态度是消极的。]
D
Many of us have heard of Alex Honnold，who made history in 2018 when he
became the first man to climb El Captain without ropes or safety equipment.But his
mother，Dierdre Wolownick，just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous
peak.She reached the top on September 23—the morning of her 70th birthday.
Dierdre，the writer and language teacher，decided to take up climbing as a
means of connecting more with her son.In 2008，accompanied by her son Alex，she
visited a climbing gym and completed 12 routes that first day with his help，but it
was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own.
Dierdre became committed to the sport，and began to meet friends and sharpen
her skills.She scaled(攀登)parts of Half Dome Trail and Cathedral Peak at a time
when many people at her age are thinking about retirement and slowing down.Thewriter would go on to publish a book about her climbing experiences with Alex called
The Sharp End of Life：A Mother’s Story.
“As a mother ， I am impressed by this role exchange process.Parents and
children often wind up changing roles in life as they get older，” she writes in her
book.“But never，I thought，is that transformation as obvious as when they climb
together.”
On September 23，Dierdre and her friends set out in the dark，at 6 am.The route
is steep(陡峭的)enough to require all fours，grabbing rocks and trees and whatever
else will hold the weight.Yet despite all difficulties，the team made it to the top.“It
was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us，”said
one of Dierdre’s friends.“There was a special look on everyone’s face.We knew where
we were.We knew how amazing the moment truly was.”
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dierdre Wolownick为了和儿子
培养更亲密的关系，勇敢地挑战儿子的爱好——登山，并取得了不小的成就。
12.Why did Dierdre start climbing mountains?
A.To know her son better.
B.To celebrate her birthday.
C.To seek writing inspiration.
D.To set an example for the old.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“decided to take up...with her son”可
知，Dierdre之所以去登山是为了拉近和儿子的距离、更了解儿子，故 A项正
确。]
13.Which of the following best describes Dierdre?
A.Patient. B.Courageous.
C.Intelligent. D.Generous.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“it was months...on her own”和最后一
段中的“despite all difficulties，the team made it to the top”可以看出，Dierdre很
勇敢，故B项正确。]
14.What does the last paragraph tell about Dierdre’s climbing journey?
A.It was worth the efforts.B.It took days to be completed.
C.It was arranged on her own.
D.It required special equipment.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was really...the moment truly
was”可以推断，Dierdre为登山所付出的努力是值得的，故A项正确。]
15.What may be a suitable title for the text?
A.Mountain climbing benefits health
B.A mother goes beyond her son’s wish
C.Climb together，bond closer
D.Slow down，better your life
答案 C [标题归纳题。结合文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了Dierdre为了更了
解儿子Alex Honnold，毅然选择参与到儿子爱好的登山活动中，并取得了不小
的成就，故C项“一起攀登，关系更近”适合作本文的标题。]
E
Somewhere near the North Pole，in a small tent on a floating ice，Borge
Ousland’s satellite phone buzzed.It was November 20，2019，and Ousland，the
leading polar explorer of his generation，and adventurer Mike Horn had set out two
months earlier with a great goal：to ski across the top of the world.They’d been in
total isolation(隔绝) ever since，making their way，step by step，along the
increasingly fragile(易碎的) ice floating over the Arctic Ocean.It was one of the most
daring polar journeys in history—and the men were in trouble.The ice was breaking
around them，opening in gaping cracks(裂缝)，the most critical challenge.Not a
single ship or fishing boat was around there.Slowed by the poor conditions，the sleds
they pulled were nearly empty of food.Horn’s frostbitten hands，virtually useless in
the cold，were dangerously infected.
Now their expedition manager，Lars Ebbesen，was on the phone from Norway
with a lifeline.A passing Norwegian icebreaker happened to be in the sea north of
Svalbard and would briefly be in position to serve as a refueling platform for a
helicopter(直升机) to reach them.For one day only，they could be rescued.Should he
give the OK to start the rescue? Ebbesen，who had worked with Ousland for years，had never heard him so exhausted and “into his resources”.Yet the legendary Arctic
strongman ， speaking in a weary tone ， did not hesitate or consult his
partner，“No，we will continue.”
Newspapers actively covered the men’s daring journey across front pages and TV
news broadcast regular updates.Ousland’s son was having trouble sleeping and told
reporters that at 57 his father was “not as young as he was before”.Ousland’s
mother，who had never before felt the need to call Ebbesen and check on her son
during expeditions，rang over and over.
But the two chose to continue and luckily enough they finally arrived at the North
Pole and attained enormous precious photos there.After 87 days in Arctic isolation，
the two men came back and delivered a television interview.People honoured them as
national heroes.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了探险家 Ousland和Horn不畏艰难险
阻去北极探险的励志故事。
16.What was a key trouble facing the two men?
A.They ran out of food and energy.
B.Horn’s hands were totally useless.
C.Their health was in poor condition.
D.Floating ice kept cracking around them.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The ice was breaking around them，
opening in gaping cracks(裂缝)，the most critical challenge.”可知，两人面临的一
个主要麻烦是他们身边的浮冰正在破裂。故选D。]
17.What would be sent to rescue them if they had agreed?
A.A helicopter. B.A rescue team.
C.An icebreaker. D.A fishing boat.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，一艘恰好在附近的破冰船可
以作为加油平台帮助直升机前往救援，即如果他们同意的话，一架直升机将会
前往救援。故选A。]
18.How did Ousland’s son feel about the journey?
A.Inspired. B.Satisfied.C.Concerned. D.Interested.
答案 C [观点态度题。根据第三段第二句可知，Ousland的儿子担心得无法入
睡，即他对这次旅程非常担忧。故选C。]
19.Which can be the best title for the text?
A.People Have Great Interest in North Pole Expedition
B.The Exploration Conditions of the North Pole Are Tough
C.Two Brave Men Made an Exciting Trip to the North Pole
D.Two Famous Explorers Were Saved During Their Exploration
答案 C [标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段前两句及最后一段内容可知，
文章讲述了探险家Ousland和Horn不畏艰险去北极探险的励志故事。故选C。]
Ⅱ.七选五（1）
(2024·河北统考)
How to Manage Conflict
·Use neutral(中立的)language.
Neutral language keeps the discussion objective and
nonjudgmental.Inflammatory(煽动性的)language only makes the conflict worse. 1
Rephrase negative statements into neutral comments and ask sincere questions to get
your coworker’s side of the story and use a calm，even tone of voice.
·Reflect on the situation.
Show all parties that you hear and understand their concerns.Often，conflict
comes from one party feeling as though they’re not being heard or understood.Take
time throughout your conversation to restate what the other person says. 2
·Work together to compromise(妥协)and find a solution.
3 Resolve the conflict by working together and brainstorming solutions to
the conflict that addresses everyone’s concerns.Write down your ideas and see if
there’s one solution that both of you find fair and reasonable.A good resolution
usually involves compromise—meeting half way so that you both leave satisfied.
·Make a resolution plan.
A plan defines each party’s responsibilities and prevents more conflict.After
finding a solution everyone can agree on，sit down together and figure out whatyou’ll all do to resolve the conflict. 4 What other practices might help avoid future
conflict and maintain positive communication? Ensure everyone involved cooperates
on the win－win solution.
·Pick your battles.
Not all conflicts are worth holding onto at the cost of your energy.Some issues
can’t be solved to the satisfaction of both parties，especially if one person rejects any
negotiation.In those cases，ask yourself how much the issue at the core of the conflict
matters to you.Are you willing to give in or keep dialoguing to reach a different
resolution？ 5 If you decide the conflict isn’t worth your energy，give the other
person a simple concession.
A.Is this conflict worth your time and energy?
B.How will the immediate problem be fixed?
C.Giving in doesn’t mean saying，“You’re right，and I’m wrong.”
D.This will help you clarify your understanding of the situation.
E.Focus on finding a solution rather than determining who is “right”.
F.Cooperation encourages everyone to stop blaming each other.
G.Instead，keep the discussion less emotional by using objective language.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章针对如何应对矛盾冲突给出了几点建议。
1.G [根据上文“中立的语言使讨论保持客观和非评判性。”可知，此处说的
是使用客观的语言来减少情绪化，与 G项“相反，通过使用客观的语言来减少
讨论的情绪化。”表达的含义一致。]
2.D [根据上文“通常，冲突来自一方感觉他们不被倾听或理解。在谈话中，
花点时间重述对方所说的话。”可知此处说的是要了解情况，与 D项“这将有
助于你阐明对情况的理解。”表达的含义一致。]
3.F [根据下文“通过合作和集思广益解决每个人的担忧来解决冲突。”可
知，可以通过合作的办法解决冲突，与 F 项“合作促使每个人停止互相指
责。”表达的含义一致。]
4.B [根据上文“在找到每个人都能达成一致的解决方案后，坐下来一起想需
要做什么来解决冲突。”可知，此处说的是找到解决方案后，坐下来思考具体
的做法，B项“如何解决眼前的问题？”和下一个问句都在进一步探讨主题。]5.A [根据上文“并不是所有的冲突都值得以精力为代价坚持下去。”可知，
此处说的是要思考冲突是否值得付出精力，A项“这场冲突值得你花费时间和
精力吗？”符合本段主题。]
七选五（2）
(2024·沈阳等地三模)
The Benefits of After－school Activities
Your kid is asking for piano lessons, joining a soccer team or taking ballet
classes, but you’re not so sure that your money will be well spent. 1 ， read these
next benefits of participating in hobbies outside the home.It might just convince you
to book the first class.
Build confidence through creative hobbies
From arts and poem writing to music and crafts, there are lots of creative after－
school activities available out there for kids of all ages.Not only do these classes
stimulate your little one’s imagination, but they also encourage curiosity. 2
.Interacting with others, sharing, cooperating and solving conflicts are all added
bonuses and they are all extremely helpful tools in building self－confidence.
3
These days, the fast－paced world we live in causes stress to us all, including
children—and providing fun environments and spaces where they can feel safe and
creative is an excellent idea to help your child reduce the stress. 4 .You have to
aim to eliminate the stressors in your child’s life, regardless of the type of stress your
child is dealing with, be it the case of shyness, social anxiety or pressure from school
or home life.
Gain physical and psychological strength with sports
Avoiding childhood obesity has become a real issue in a world where kids spend
more and more time indoors, glued to screens.But if your child shows any interest in a
sport (even if just by watching it on their iPad), grab the opportunity and introduce
after－school activities that focus on said physical activity.In these activities, your
kids can also learn important lessons like respecting others and teamwork. 5 .
A.Reduce stress with after－school activitiesB.Boost children’s enthusiasm and participation in class
C.When your kids spend 80 percent of their hours at school
D.Besides, they make your child more confident in the process
E.If you can’t decide about sending your kids to after－school activities
F.Choosing activities that don’t put extra pressure on your kids is also essential
G.Most importantly, your children can develop their mental strength while doing
sports
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了课外活动的各种好处。
1.E [根据空前“你的孩子要求上钢琴课，参加足球队或上芭蕾舞课，但你不
确定你的钱是否花得值。”可知，作者是在引出课外活动这一主题。而根据空
后的逗号，以及主句“阅读下面这些参与家庭以外兴趣爱好的好处”可知，空
处为从句。选项E“如果你不能决定是否送你的孩子去参加课外活动”形式上为
状语从句，内容上与空后的“参与户外兴趣爱好的好处”保持一致。]
2.D [根据上文“从艺术和诗歌写作到音乐和手工艺，有很多创造性的课外活
动可供所有年龄段的孩子们选择。这些课程不仅能激发孩子的想象力，还能激
发他们的好奇心。”以及下文“与他人互动、分享、合作和解决冲突都是额外
的收获，它们都是建立自信的非常有用的工具。”可知，上下文讲述的都是创
造性爱好给孩子带来的好处。选项 D“此外，它们会让你的孩子在这个过程中
更自信”讲述的是创造性爱好让孩子有自信心，内容上与下文保持一致。]
3.A [空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“如今，我们生活的快节奏
的世界给我们所有人带来了压力，包括孩子们——提供有趣的环境和空间，让
他们感到安全和有创造力，这是一个帮助你的孩子减轻压力的好主意。”可
知，课外活动可以帮助孩子减压。选项 A“通过课外活动减轻压力”与下文内
容一致。]
4.F [根据下文“你必须致力于消除孩子生活中的压力源，不管你的孩子正在
处理的是哪种类型的压力，无论是害羞、社交焦虑还是来自学校或家庭生活的
压力。”可知，下文指的是要消除孩子生活中的压力源。选项 F“选择不会给孩
子带来额外压力的活动也很重要”与下文内容一致，建议家长不要选择会给孩
子带来压力的课外活动。]
5.G [根据空前内容“在一个孩子们花越来越多的时间待在室内、盯着屏幕的世界里，避免儿童肥胖已经成为一个真正的问题。但是，如果你的孩子对某项
运动表现出任何兴趣(即使只是在 iPad 上看)，抓住机会，向他们介绍一些以上
述体育活动为重点的课外活动。在这些活动中，你的孩子也可以学到重要的课
程，如尊重他人和团队合作。”可知，空前讲述的是运动可以帮助孩子学会尊
重他人和团队合作。选项 G“最重要的是，你的孩子可以在运动中发展他们的
心理素质”与上文内容一致，介绍的是运动还可以发展孩子的心理素质。]
