第01讲 语法填空——有提示词的填空
目录
01
考情解码·命题预警 2
02 体系构建·思维可视.................................................................................................................................................4
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚.................................................................................................................................................5
考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致.....................................................................5
知识点1 动词的时态............................................................................................................................................5
知识点2 动词的语态............................................................................................................................................6
知识点3 主谓一致................................................................................................................................................6
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态...........................................................................................................7
考向2 考查固定句型中的时态............................................................................................................................7
考向3 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题...........................................................................................................7
【思维建模】利用平行关系解决时态问题
考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词.....................................................................................................9
知识点1 非谓语动词作状语................................................................................................................................9
知识点2 非谓语动词作定语................................................................................................................................9
知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语..........................................................................................................................10
考向1 非谓语动词作状语..................................................................................................................................11
【思维建模】非谓语动词作状语
考向2 非谓语动词作定语..................................................................................................................................12
【思维建模】不定式作定语 过去分词作定语
考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补..........................................................................................................................13
【思维建模】不定式作宾语补足语
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词..........................................................................................15
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换..........................................................................17
知识点1 名词复数..............................................................................................................................................17
知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换..................................................................................................................19
考向1 考查名词复数..........................................................................................................................................20
【思维建模】判断名词复数方法
考向3考查提示词是名词的词形转换...............................................................................................................22
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换..................................................22
知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化..................................................................................................................22
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级......................................................................................................................23
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词......................................................................27
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式......................................................................................29
考点八 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用..........................................................................................30
知识点 有提示词的语法填空重难点突破........................................................................................................30
考向 考查有提示词的语法填空........................................................................................................................31
04真题溯源·考向感知............................................................................................................................................32语法填空之有提示词填空
有提示词 无提示词
年份 卷别 词数 形容
数
谓语 非谓语 名词 词副 代词 介词 冠词 并列句 连词
词
词
2025
年1 浙江卷 226 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
月
新课标I卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ
2024 220 2 3 2 1 1 1
卷
全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
新课标I卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ
211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
2023 卷
全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
新课标I卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ
225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
2022 卷
全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
考情分析：
1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：一、考查中国传统文化。二、考查人物故事。三、
考查科学技术进步。四、考查跨学科融合。五、考查中外文化交流，国际视野。注重通过语篇体现中华文
明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在跨文化
交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。
2．从命题思路上看：
(1)考查谓语动词一般都给出比较具体的时间状语，考生能通过时间状语确定相应的时态，难度适中；
(2)非谓语动词的考查多集中在作定语或状语成分上，难点是根据语境确定用哪种非谓语动词形式；
(3)形容词和副词考查频繁，但难度较小，一般考查词形转换，考查比较等级是相对较难的方向。
(4)名词考查主要考查：名词的单复数、名词所有格、词形转换
(5)代词考查较少，主要考查：代词的格、形容词性物主代词、反身代词。
预计2026年谓语动词和非谓语动词仍然是命题的重点，名词、形容词和副词的词形转换必考。
复习过程中熟记词形转换的词，熟练掌握非谓语动词的各种形式的用法及意义，掌握谓语动词的时态形式
和意义。
复习目标：
1．熟记各种词形转换的单词。
2．熟练掌握非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态的用法和意义。3．熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级的用法。
4．熟记名词和代词的不同形式及用法考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
知识点1 动词的时态
一、确定作谓语
分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处
就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；
(3)根据人称和数，确保主谓一致。
二、确定时态
1.根据具体的时间状语：常见的时态的时间状语标志词
时态 时间状语
一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等
现在完成时 since＋时间点，in/over the past... years, in recent years, for＋时间段， so far等
过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
2.根据具并列关系：
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither...
nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3.根据常用句式定时态：
(1)was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时
(3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时
(4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时
(5)No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时(7)It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时
4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，
也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
知识点2 动词的语态
确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考
虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；
(2)当read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；
知识点3 主谓一致
得分速记
确定“主谓一致”
项目 主语 谓语动词
不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、
单数
the number of＋复数可数名词
语法
复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数
一致
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to,
与前面主语一致
including等连接的主语
意义 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数
一致 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数
就近 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；
与邻近主语一致
一致 “here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时
考向1 考查有明确时间状语的动词时态
例1 （2025年1月浙江高考）The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good
suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader
societal movement towards shared economies.
例 2（2022•新高考 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ______
(be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority toincrease effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
1.本题中的解题关键是：previously (之前地)，可是很多考生不知道这个词的意思，
造成解题失误。如果考生不能准确理解文章的意思，试题中will也对考生造成误导，由将来时转到一般
过去时的跨度较大。再者，本句还是一个长难句。
2.找准试题中的时间关键线索是解题的关键所在。
3.高考试题中的主谓一致一般难度都较小，只要我们能判断出真正的主语是谁或者说主语的核心词是谁就
可以了。本题中areas是主语，故用were。
【变式训练1·变载体】
（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in
packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【变式训练2】(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew
up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【环境保护】【变式训练3】（2025·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三下学期二模）Since 2024,
Xinjiang 64 (take) targeted and scientific measures to close this gap. Alongside the green belt, efforts
have been made to promote the development of sand industries to benefit local residents.
考向2 考查固定句型中的时态
例1 （2022·新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
例2（2021·浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________
(sell) most of their furniture.
【变式训练1·变考法】（2025·陕西省高三月考）Lily is missing her parents since it is the first time that she
(be) away from home for such a long time.
【变式训练2】I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang.
考向3 考查利用平行关系解决时态问题
例（2021·浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________
(sell) most of their furniture.
思维建模 利用平行关系解决时态问题
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither...
nor..., not only... but also...” 等 前 后 的 谓 语 动 词 的 时 态 必 须 一 致 来 确 定 时 态 。
【变式训练·变载体】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly
_______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
考向4 考查利用语境解决时态问题例1(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the
first time.
例2（2022·浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her
smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
考向5 考查动词的语态
例1（2021·浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared,
and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
例 2 （2024·新高考 II 卷）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s
Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___
(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
思维建模 确定谓语动词语态的关键
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是
动作的执行者，则用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
1．“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2．牢记常考时态的被动语态结构，一般时态中be done＝get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常
见结构，如“用作不及物意义的动词＋副词”。
【文化遗产与中外文化结合】【变式训练】His hands-on experience at the Bi Sheng Memorial
Hall brought to life the ingenuity of the Song Dynasty inventor. Bi Sheng’s clay-type system, which predated (早
于) German printer Johannes Gutenberg’s metal press by 400 years, 58 (recognize) as the earliest
recorded movable type printing in human history.
考向6 考查主谓一致
例（2025·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三二模）As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar,
it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-
year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history.
【环境保护】【变式训练1】（2025·浙江省天域全国名校协作体高三下学期二模）This project
is closely watched and viewed by the international community as a green “Great Wall” that helps tackle
desertification, greatly contributes to higher global forest coverage, and 58 (respond) to the challenges of
climate change.
【传统文化】【变式训练2】（2025·山东省德州市高三三模）Beijing’s unique cultural identity
attracted record tourists to new heights in 2024, most of whom 36 (drive) in part by the popularity of its
newly listed UNESCO World Heritage Central Axis (轴).考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
确定作非谓语
分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又无连词时，则考虑填非谓语动词。
知识点1 非谓语动词作状语
1．寻找线索
(1)挖空句有谓语动词，通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。
(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构，明确句子成分，先甄别出句子的主干，再确定用哪种形式作状语。
2．解题指导
(1)找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。
(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式：
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用to do; 表出乎意料的结果，用only to do; 表时间、
条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用to be done; 表动作已经发生，用done。
知识点2 非谓语动词作定语
1．寻找线索
(1)空格可在名词或代词之前，也可在名词或代词之后，对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。
(2)如果有逗号隔开，放在名词或代词之后，通常对该名词进行补充说明，其作用相当于一个非限制性
定语从句。
2．解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者，通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作，且名词中心词是该动作的承受者，通常用动词不定式作定语。
知识点3 非谓语动词作表语
1．寻找线索
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get,
seem, appear, look, turn等之后，描述主语的特点或状态。
2．解题指导
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词，通常用过去分词作表语，表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词，通常用现在分词作表语，表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
知识点4 非谓语动词作宾语1．寻找线索
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构：
得分速记
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意to的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be
accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。
(3)在下列动词之后，常接不定式作宾语：decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage,
refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2．解题指导
(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。
(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。
(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
知识点5 非谓语动词作主语
1．寻找线索
主语是谓语陈述的对象，通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。
2．解题指导
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用doing还是to do作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型：
①It's ＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb＋some time/money＋to do sth
知识点6 非谓语动词作补足语
1．寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
得分速记
(1)不定式作宾补：allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell 等＋sb to do
sth。
(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”； have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with＋宾语＋to do，表示动作还未发生；
②with＋宾语＋doing，表示主动、动作正在进行；
③with＋宾语＋done，表示被动、动作已完成。
2．解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语，通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的发出者，表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是动作的承受者，表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
考向1 考查非谓语动词作状语
例1 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These
sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
例2 （2024·新高考II卷）___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III
in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony
Pavilion.
思维建模 非谓语动词作状语
1.找句子主干：认真阅读挖空的句子，找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语)，从而正确理解句意。
2.确定谓语动词和非谓语动词：分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
3.确定填哪种非谓语动词形式：
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的，用to do; 表出乎意料的结果，用only to do; 表时间、
条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果，用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生，用to be done; 表动作已经发生，用done。
【变式训练1·变载体】（2024·新高考II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international
visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed
___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
【变式训练2】（2025·山东省德州市高三三模）The Beijing Central Axis, stretching 7.8 kilometers from the
Yongding Gate in the south to the Drum and Bell Towers in the north, was constructed based on ancient
architectural philosophies 40 (shape) and define an ideal layout for a capital city then.
【变式训练3】（2025·山东省泰安市高三三模）During college, he improved weaving tools and experimented
with natural dyes, 40 (expand) brocade colors from five to over 220 shades. After graduating, he returned
home to establish a brocade cooperative.
【变式训练4·变形式】（2023·全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was
amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing.
【变式训练5·变形式】（（2024·北京高考卷）And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the
secret: moderation (适度).考向2 考查非谓语动词作定语
例 1 (2025 年 1 月·浙江卷)Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than
purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
思维建模 不定式作定语
①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。
1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等 She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
例2 （2024·新高考II卷）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s
Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
思维建模 过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放
在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
例3 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修
饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
【变式训练 1】（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to
Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【变式训练2】（2022•新高考Ⅱ卷）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a
young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a
1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
【变式训练3】（2025·重庆市七校联盟高三下学期三诊）On Saturday, humanoid robots raced against humans
for the first time in a half-marathon in Beijing, China. After about 2 hours and 40 minutes, the Tien Kung Ultrarobot, 36 (develop) by China’s National and Local Co-built Embodied AI Robotics Innovation Center,
became the first to cross the finish line .
考向3 考查非谓语动词作宾补
例1（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift)
out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般
式to do的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化，做到查漏补缺。
例2 （2022·浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
思维建模 不定式作宾语补足语
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/
force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:
例：Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.
②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接
的动词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。
1）Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
2）The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
【变式训练1】（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
【变式训练2】（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times
(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【变式训练 3】（2020·新课标 III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft
clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【变式训练4·变载体】（2025·重庆市两江新区西南大学附属中学校阶段测试）The National Ballet of China
staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy
Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 36
(celebrate) Chinese New Year.
考向4 考查非谓语动词作宾语
例1 (2025年1月·浙江卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t
always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
例2 （2024·全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular,
tend 41 （catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.思维建模 不定式作宾语
1.常接不定式作宾语的词：like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/
demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/
choose/pretend/arrange to do…:
2.it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…
We find it necessary to master German and French.
【变式训练1·变载体】（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one,
you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢
出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【变式训练2·变形式】She entertained us all the morning and she deserved (praise).
【变式训练3·变形式】You’d better quit (drink) or at least cut down the amount of alcohol in order to
keep fit.
考向5 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语
例1 （2021·英语全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
例2 （2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so
he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
例3 His (fail) in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
思维建模 非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语：
1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经
常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。
3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语：
A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth.
【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用 of sb 作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy,
honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，
considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe,
dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
【变式训练1·变载体】（2020·北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many ofthese bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
【变式训练2】It’s no use (complain) without taking any action as we all know actions
speak louder than words.
【变式训练3】Nowadays, (equip) with a knowledge of computer is an essential qualification for most
of the posts in the job market.
【变式训练4】I participated in a volunteer activity organized by the school, the aim of which is
(beautify) our city and promote people's awareness of environmental protection.
【变式训练5】We all rely on it that respecting others is (respect) ourselves.
【变式训练6】We were (impress) by the small class size with no more than 15 students in each
classroom.
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
知识点1 动词变为名词
名词后缀 示例
－er/ announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
－or instruct→instructor 指导者，教师 design→designer设计师
achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据
－ment
equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府
－y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
－ance/ appear→appearance出现；外貌 perform→performance表演；表现
－ence prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/ fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
－ture depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
－ing
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝
－ion/ conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述
－tion/ decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入
－sion/ permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
知识点2 动词变形容词
形容词后缀 示例
－able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
－ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
－ing
thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的
－ful
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的
－ive
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的
－ant
ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的
考向1 动词转换成名词
例1 （2025年1月·浙江卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them
outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
例 2 （2024 年 1 月浙江高考真题）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free”
promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual
items.
【变式训练1·变载体】（2025·八省联考）As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and
experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-
working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will
also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.
【变式训练2】（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）This trip was an enriching 44 (explore)of China’s
unique mix of tradition and modernity. I gained a deeper connection and appreciation for China’s culture and
progress.
【变式训练3】（2025·江苏省南京市高三考前综合训练）The researchers suggested the mushroom should
eventually be used in the 37 (treat) of obesity (肥胖).
【变式训练4】 （2025·湖北省宜荆荆恩四校高三联考）The 16-year-old is clear on the source of his 37
(optimistic) — China.
考向2 动词转换成形容词
例1 （2024·新高考I卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In
cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
例2 （2023·新高考I卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese streetfood.
【变式训练1】（2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考）Chinese calligraphy is a demanding and
39 (advance) art, which turns Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the
pointed Chinese brush.
【变式训练2】（2025·湖北省宜荆荆恩四校高三联考） “China’s technology,” he said, “will be 44
(help) to all of mankind.”
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
知识点1 名词复数
1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式
(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s：book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→
girls
(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es：glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches
(3)以辅音字母＋-y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-es；city→ cities, country→ countries, party→
parties
(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s：radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos；加-es的有以
下词：heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
(5) 【注意】以-f，-fe结尾的名词
①少数直接加-s：roof→ roofs，belief→ beliefs。
②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es：self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf,
wolf, half。
2．名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时，要想到用复数形式。
3．谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。
4．【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如 child→ children, man→ men, tooth→
teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans（准确记住不规则变化一轮复习
不留知识死角。）
5．有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、
respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。
6．【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends
with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make
preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。7．常考的不可数名词
(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。
(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交
通)等。
(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、
progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。（一定记牢）
得分速记
名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况
(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人，two peoples两个民族
(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数
The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作
“眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
(4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数
write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in your test papers
(5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数
形式
a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap
(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作，工厂，工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)
custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)
compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
知识点2 名词所有格
1.有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。
2.表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。
3.无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。
4.【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要
加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)
Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
5.【注意】双重所有格：“a/two/some... ＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
知识点3 提示词是名词的词形转换
1.名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀
后缀 示例
--y sun→sunny 有阳光的，晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en deep→deepen 变深，加深 length→lengthen 延长
后缀 示例
--y sun→sunny 有阳光的，晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en deep→deepen 变深，加深 length→lengthen 延长
2．名词转化为名词后缀
后缀 例词
－ian/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家－ist/
science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家
①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员
②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人
考向1 考查名词复数
例1 （2025年1月·浙江卷）As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 57 (time), clothing
rental services have become increasingly popular.
例2（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary,
lavender and fennel.
思维建模 判断名词复数方法
根据规则确定名词单复数
1.如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
2.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
【变式训练1·变载体】（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）Suzhou truly deserves its honor as “the city of
museums, the city of parks, and the city of theater”, from historical 43 (sight)to modern buildings, famous
parks to attractive local cultures.
【变式训练2】 （2021·新高考I卷 ）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you
how tiny we (human) are.
注意不规则名词的复数，尤其是不要进行错误推理，要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形式，很
多同学因为类比出现错误，误写成humen。
考向2 考查名词所有格
例1 （2025年1月·浙江卷） “I really want to make this work for 64 (people) lives today, and I
know that doesn’t always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
例2 （2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
思维建模 名词的所有格
1.如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加-'s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。
Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)
2.双重所有格：“a/two/some... ＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有
格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。
a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友
two photos of hers 她的两张照片
【变式训练1·变载体】（2025·浙江省名校协作体适应性考试）A (student) college experience is his or
her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
【变式训练2】 You’ll hear these (participate) stories and learn what strategies worked well
for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
【变式训练3】 She had views quite different from her ________ (father).
考向3 考查提示词是名词的词形转换
例 1 (2024 新课标 I 卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57
(function) structure that is also beautiful.
例2 （2023全国乙卷）The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I
could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【变式训练 1·变载体】（2023 浙江 1 月卷）The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by
(space) homes and walled gardens.
【变式训练2】（2025·湖北省孝感市八校高三三模联考）Railway authorities have even added two additional
high-speed trains between the 48 (province) capital Jinan and Zibo on weekends to meet the growing
passenger demand.
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词
—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
知识点1 形容词、副词的词性转化
1.形容词的词形转换
类别 例词
词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless,
less harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless,thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变
confidence→confident, difference→different
为-t
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational,
词尾加-al
tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
其他常见变
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny,
化
fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加-
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
ive/ative
2.副词的词形转换规律总结
类别 例词
形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily,
形容词，把 y 变成 i 再
noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加ly)
加-ly
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably,
词尾为ble/le的形容词，
comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外：
去掉e，再加-y
whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词，去
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
掉e再加-ly
词尾为-ll的形容词，直
full→fully, dull→dully
接加-y
词尾为-ic 的形容词， basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically,
加-ally automatic→automatically
知识点2 形容词、副词比较等级
形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成(＋er/est)转换
以e结尾 ＋r/st late—later—latest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变－y为i，＋er/est early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个
双写结尾字母＋er/est big—bigger—biggest
辅音字母)
beautiful—more beautiful—most
多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most
beautiful
(1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较
级和最高级。这些双音节词有：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：
right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木
制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, badly, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
farther(指时间或空间上 farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远
“更远的”) 的”)
far
further(指空间距离“更远 furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程
的”；在更大程度上) 度上)
old older/elder oldest/eldest
知识点3 形容词、副词的比较级相关的句型
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as... “和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv. (原形)＋as... “和……不一样”
②当as... as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n. ＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结
构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。
the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词/代词“两者中较……的”。
Who is the younger of the two boys?
这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个？介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in；如果在同一类事物
范围内进行比较用of。
修饰比较等级的副词：much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。more, very等副词不可
修饰比较级。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示
“……是……中最……的”。
②最高级的其他表达法
否定词＋比较级
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than anything/anyone else
有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有
些词本身有比较级含义，故不与than连用，如be senior to等。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the＋adj. /adv. 比较级， the＋adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……，越……”
②adj. /adv. 比较级＋and＋adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”
③the＋adj. 比较级＋of the two＋名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”， not more than“至多；不超过”
⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……”
⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B
考向1 考查形容词、副词的词形转换
例1 (2023•新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
例2 (2023•1月新高考浙江卷) The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian,appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
【变式训练1·变载体】（2025·山西省大同市高三下学期三模）In every village, bands of children, young and
senior people are formed. Members of the bands often sing grand songs 44 (cheerful) at the drum tower,
a meeting place found in every Dong village.
【变式训练2】Paper is cheap, handy, portable (轻便的), ________(replace), changeable, and you can cut it into
any size or shape you want.
形容词后缀-able
1.能……的；可……的
rely→reliable 可信赖的，可依靠的
特别提醒：词尾的e去还是不去，一定记清楚，考试出错就在一瞬间
change→changeable 易变的
admire→admirable可钦佩的
believe→believable可相信的
2.具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
特别提醒：词尾的e去还是不去，一定记清楚，考试出错就在一瞬间
value→valuable 有价值的
knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的，博学的
考向2 考查形容词、副词的比较级及相关句型
例1 （2024·全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the 49 （large）United States national park—2.2 million
acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors
as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
例2 (2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were
far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【变式训练1·变载体】（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）And a visit to the Caoxieshan Archaeological
Site Park was even 41 (striking). Standing in ancient relics, I tried to picture the lives of those living here
thousands of years ago.
【变式训练2】(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years， Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents,
and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词知识点1 人称代词
人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they
人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them
知识点2 物主代词
形容词性物主
my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their
代词
名词性物主代
mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
词
知识点3 反身代词
反身代词
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 come to oneself 苏醒 by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学 devote oneself to 致力于…… of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体 help oneself to 自己取用…… for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下 make oneself at home 不拘束 be oneself 身心自在
知识点4 与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time＋that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should＋动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time＋that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's＋时间段＋since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's＋时间段＋before-从句
过了多长时间才……
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
① It＋be＋adj. ＋(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary,unnecessary, possible等。
②It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词
有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It＋be＋n.(＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good
manners, bad manners等。
④It＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use, no/much good,
useless, fun等。
⑤It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语
动词常用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语＋believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like,
dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
考向1 考查代词的词形转换
例1 （2024·全国甲卷）This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well
preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
例2 （2020·新高考卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and
imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
思维建模 提示词为代词，应考虑以下几种情况
1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词；
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词。
【变式训练1·变载体】(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing
them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
【变式训练2】（2025·山西省大同市高三下学期三模）The Dong people, who don’t have a written language
of their own, pass down much of their history, culture and knowledge through their unique songs. These songs
accompany 43 (they) throughout their lives.
考向2 考查代词的句法功能
例 （2018新课标III卷）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find(they) alive.
（2022·全国甲卷改编）Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, ________ (her)
toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
【变式训练】（2025·重庆市两江新区西南大学附属中学校阶段测试）Artistic director Feng Ying emphasized
the significance of these performances as UNESCO put the Spring Festival on the Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity last year, in recognition of 43 (it) growing global appeal.
考向3 考查代词it的用法
例 （2022·北京卷改编）________it is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）Seeking a hands-on experience, I realized the
amazing patience and skill applied behind every stitch(针)were such a miracle, weaving stories with threads. 38
struck me that this isn’t just handcraft, but an art form and a slice of history.
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
知识点1 基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说，序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i，再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外，常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内，具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth
ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—
sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth
forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
知识点2 与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄，即“几十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s＋整十的基数词的复数”
意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如：in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时，用单数形式，词尾不加-s；前面有many, several, a
few修饰时，仍用单数形式。如：several billion years。
④“数词＋普通名词＋形容词”构成的合成形容词中，数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
考向1 考查基数词和序数词的转化例 （2023·全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s
fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
【变式训练】（2025•衡水中学高三调研）Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and
early ________ (twenty) centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987.
考向2 考查与数词相关的表达法
例 (2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf
in councilrun courses costing from ￡10 each time.
【变式训练 1】Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the
global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year.
【变式训练2】Most Brits spend almost ________ (two) as much of their leisure time socializing with others as
they do being alone.
考点八 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用
有提示词的语法填空重难点突破：
有提示词的语法填空在高考语法填空的命题中占7个左右，是语法填空的重点考查内容，掌握了有提
示词的语法填空的解题思路和方法也就把握了语法填空的重点。
策略：1.看提示词的哪种词类；2.根据词类定填空的方向，从而确定是词形转换还是词的具体用法，
这是解题关键。
有提示词的语法填空的做题思维导图：考查有提示词的语法填空（2025·河北省石家庄市普通高中毕业年级教学质量检测（三））
China has a huge variety of dialects. However, these dialects are becoming difficult 1 (preserve) as
Mandarin (普通话) becomes increasingly popular in schools and public places.
2 (face) with this issue, two language-loving foreign students decided to do something. Parker, a
linguistics (语言学) student, studies Chinese dialects, while Hansen, fluent 3 multiple languages, has lived
in Beijing for years. Together, they started a project which later 4 (become) a website called Phoemica, or
Xiangyinyuan, 5 recordings of the dialects in danger of dying out are collected and displayed.
What you’re bound to notice on the Phonemica website is the 6 (present) of a large map which
shows various dialects across China. In certain 7 (area), there are uploads of recordings of dialects whichvisitors to the site can listen to. Most of the recordings feature speakers 8 (tell) a story in their various
dialects.
Unlike many similar websites focusing on text or professional research, Phoemica records ordinary people,
helping create an oral history of Asia. The website’s detailed information about speakers, including ethnic
background and education, makes it more engaging and 9 (access) than traditional language research
platforms, aiming to preserve 10 unique appeal of each dialect.
1．（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still
______________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
2．（2021新高考II卷）I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at
the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
3．（2024 全国甲卷）They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five
awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
4．(2020•全国III卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传
奇的) artist, they smiled and ________ (point) down the river.
5. (2021新课标卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the __________
(hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
6. （2023新课标II卷）So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
7.（2022新课标II卷）When he looked down, he 60 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
8.（2021全国I卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick
in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
9.（2020年新高考卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and
imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
10.（2023全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful
existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old
fables.
