专题07 动词及动词短语
目 录
模拟·基础演练..............................................................................................................................1
重难·创新演练............................................................................................................................14
真题·实战演练............................................................................................................................26
模拟·基础演练
考查重点：动词的词形转换，动词词义辨析，动词短语辨析，动词的一词多义及熟词生义，
动词的概述
一、单句语法填空/选择填空
考向01 动词的词形转换
1．It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to (sharp) your badminton skills.
【答案】sharpen
【解析】考查动词。句意：建议你每天多练习，提高你的羽毛球技能。根据“to + 动词原形” 构成不定
式表目的的用法可知，此空应是动词原形。所给词sharp 是形容词，意为“锋利的；敏锐的”。其动词形
式为sharpen，意为“提高；使敏锐”。“多练习”的目的是“提高羽毛球技能”，to sharpen your
badminton skills 在句中作目的状语。故填sharpen。
2．Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away.
【答案】frighten
【解析】考查动词。句意：别把价格定得太高，否则你会吓跑顾客的。空前有助动词will，所以空处应用
动词原形。frighten 意为“使惊吓”，frighten away 表示“把……吓跑”。故填frighten。
3．Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language.
【答案】enables
【解析】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：频繁接触英语能够使我们更好地掌握这门语言。空处作句子
的谓语，应用动词。enable 意为“使能够”，为及物动词。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语
Being exposed to English frequently 为动名词短语，所以谓语用单数。故填enables。
4．Don’t worry. I can (defence) myself from my enemies.
【答案】defend
【解析】考查动词。句意：别担心。我可以保护自己免受敌人的攻击。空前有情态动词can，所以空处应
用动词原形。defend 意为“保卫”，为及物动词。defend sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。故填
defend。
5．And emoji can (contribution) directly to that positive outcome.
【答案】contribute
【解析】考查动词。句意：表情符号能够直接促成那种积极的结果。情态动词can 后应接动词原形。
contribute 意为“促成”，为不及物动词。故填contribute。
考向02 完形填空中的动词及动词短语辨析
1．（2026·河北衡水中学高三考前综合测试）
When Angela Zhao was just 10 years old, she entered her first piano competition. On the day of the event,
each participant had to perform their piece. At first, Angela was excited. But when she was next up to play, doubts
began to flood her mind.
“What if I play the wrong notes? What if I forget the notes? What if I just 24 ? ” Angela remembered
thinking.
As these worries 25 through her mind, Angela watched another girl perform. Once the girl was 26 ,
she walked offstage to where Angela was 27 and did something unexpected.
24．A．stand out
B．win out
C．mess up
D．mix up
25．A．wandered
B．jumped
C．raced
D．sorted
26．A．prepared
B．finished
C．disturbed
D．relieved
27．A．waiting
B．hesitating
C．reciting
D．practicing
【答案】24--27CCBA
【解析】24．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“要是我弹错了音符怎么办？要是我忘了乐谱怎么办？要是
我完全搞砸了该怎么办？”Angela 记得自己当时这样想。A. stand out 突出；B. win out 获胜；C. mess up 弄
乱；D. mix up 混合。根据上文“What if I forget the notes?”以及下文“As these worries ______ through her
mind”可推测，Angela 非常担心自己搞砸了这次表演。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这些担忧在她脑海中闪过时，Angela 看到另一个女孩正在表演。A.
wandered 徘徊；B. jumped 跳跃；C. raced 赛跑、快速转动；D. sorted 分类。根据上文““What if I play
the ______ notes? What if I forget the notes? What if I just ______ ? ” Angela remembered thinking.”可知，这
些担忧一直在Angela 脑海中闪动。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩演奏结束后，她走下舞台，来到Angela 等待的地方，做了一件意想不
到的事情。A. prepared 准备；B. finished 完成；C. disturbed 打扰；D. relieved 减轻。根据上文“Angela
watched another girl perform”可知，Angela 看到女孩时，女孩正在演奏；由此可知，女孩此时是演奏结束才
来到Angela 身边。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩演奏结束后，她走下舞台，来到Angela 等待的地方，做了一件意想不
到的事情。A. waiting 等待；B. hesitating 犹豫；C. reciting 背诵；D. practicing 练习。根据上文“But when
she was next up to play, ______ began to flood her mind.”可知，Angela 此时正在等待自己上台演奏。故选
A。
2.（2026·河南联盟模拟预测三模）
I am a college student who enjoys jogging to relax after daily studies. The other day, I 21 the
homeless man who I had frequently met on my daily runs. He usually sits by a quiet tree with barely any
possessions — just a small cardboard sign that gives passers-by a small clue to his story, if they 22 to
read it. I chose to 23 this time and to listen to his long-term struggle on the street. I had always rushed by
him silently before, but this time, I met his eye and offered the water I had just bought for myself.
21．A．corrected
B．approached
C．assessed
D．missed
22．A．deserve
B．pretend
C．hesitate
D．bother
23．A．stop
B．ignore
C．continue
D．lie
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A
【解析】21．考查动词。句意：那天我接近了那个在日常跑步中经常遇到的流浪汉。A. corrected 纠正；B.
approached 接近；C. assessed 评估；D. missed 错过。根据下文“but this time, I met his eye and ____ the water
I had just bought for myself.”可知，这一次，作者主动走近流浪汉，与他对视。
22．考查动词。句意：他通常坐在一棵安静的树旁，几乎没有任何东西——只有一个小纸板标志，如果路
人愿意读的话，它会给路人一个关于他的故事的小线索。A. deserve 值得；B. pretend 假装；C. hesitate 犹豫；
D. bother 费心。根据上文“just a small cardboard sign that gives passers-by a small clue to his story,”可知，牌
子内容很少，暗示路人通常不会花心思去看，bother to do sth.表示“费心去做某事”。
23．考查动词。句意：这次我选择停下来，听听他在街上的长期挣扎。A. stop 停下；B. ignore 忽略；C.
continue 继续；D. lie 说谎。根据下文“I had always rushed by him silently before, but this time, I met his eye
and ____ the water I had just bought for myself.”可知，前后形成对比，作者以前总是匆匆跑过，这次选择停
下。
3.（2026·湖北黄冈中学第三次模拟）
We usually feel the desire to civilize teenagers, but maybe that’s wrong. We should think about how we
could fruitfully be more like them.
I have always taken the conventional view that it is my job to 22 my teenager, but now I am thinking
maybe it is his job to disorganize me. I am the type who arrives at airports four hours in advance. My teenager,
however, is very Zen (放松).
22．A．tend
B．tolerate
C．accept
D．organize
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词。句意：我一直持有这种传统观点，认为规整好家中的青少年是我的责任，但如今我却
觉得或许该由他来打乱我的生活节奏。A. tend 照料；B. tolerate 容忍；C. accept 接受；D. organize 安排、规
整。根据后文“but now I am thinking maybe it is his job to disorganize me.”可知，此处与disorganize 语义相
反，应为“安排”符合逻辑。
考向03 阅读理解中的动词及动词短语含义
1.（2026·安徽淮南市第二次模拟）Arbaugh suffered a C4-C5 spinal cord injury in 2016 due to neck
dislocation, leaving him with limited head and shoulder mobility. Traditional assistive tools, such as mouth-
controlled pens for operating tablets, proved inefficient and inconvenient. Neuralink’s solution involves implanting
a 4×4mm N1 chip into his brain region that controls movement, equipped with 1,024 tiny wires to detect brain
signals. Signals are wirelessly sent to a decoding system, enabling precise control of digital interfaces through
thought. Within four months post-surgery, Arbaugh demonstrated capabilities such as playing chess, surfing social
media, and gaming.
What does the underlined word “decoding” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Generating.
B．Blocking. C．Storing.
D．Processing.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Signals are wirelessly sent to a decoding system, enabling precise control
of digital interfaces through thought. (信号通过无线方式传送到decoding 系统，从而能够通过思维实现对数字
接口的精确控制。)。”可知，信号应该是传送到处理系统，然后进行处理，“decoding”指对脑电波信号进
行处理、解读，进而转化为可用指令。
2.（2026 届海南省天一第四次大联考模拟）Through workshops, recordings and teaching, Mohale restored pride
in siPhuthi. Youngsters who had concealed their native tongue began to speak it openly and unreservedly, and the
community wholeheartedly embraced its cultural heritage. Recognition by the government as an official language
marked a milestone, yet Mohale knew survival required daily use, practice, and continued devotion.
6．What does the underlined “concealed” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Hidden.
B．Analyzed.
C．Popularized.
D．Selected.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Youngsters who had concealed their native tongue began to speak it
openly and unreservedly.(那些曾经concealed 自己母语的年轻人开始公开、毫无保留地说这门语言了。)”可
知，前后形成对比，从不说到公开说，说明之前是隐藏、隐瞒，因此画线词意为“隐藏”，与hidden 同义。
故选A 项。
3.（2026·河北沧州市新华区普通高中高三总复习质量监测）Annoyed by the waste of time, Bette tried
to find a solution. Typing slower or practicing more never did the trick. Then an idea struck her while painting a
holiday design on the bank window: why not cover typos with paint matching the paper’s color?
5．What does the underlined phrase “did the trick” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Worked effectively.
B．Took much time.
C．Caused trouble.
D．Got recognition.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线短语前文“Annoyed by the waste of time, Bette tried to find a solution.
(由于对浪费时间感到恼火，贝蒂试图寻找解决方案。)”说贝蒂想解决打字出错的问题，后文“Then an idea
struck her while painting a holiday design on the bank window: why not cover typos with paint matching the
paper’s color?( 当时正在画一个节日设计的她突发奇想：为何不用与纸张颜色相匹配的颜料覆盖错误呢？)”
说她想到了用颜料遮盖的新方法。由此可知，“Typing slower or practicing more never did the trick. 意为
“放慢打字速度或多加练习从来都不起作用”。do the trick 是固定短语，意为“奏效；达到目的”，和A
选项Worked effectively“有效地工作”意思相近。
考向04 动词词义辨析
1．Regular exercise, combined with a balanced diet, significantly _________ to better health and longer life
expectancy.
A．refers
B．sticks
C．contributes
D．adjusts
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：定期锻炼，加上均衡的饮食，有助于改善健康状况和延长预期寿命。
A. refers 参考，提到；B. sticks 粘贴，坚持；C. contributes 贡献，有助于；D. adjusts 调整。根据“Regular
exercise, combined with a balanced diet”以及“to better health and longer life expectancy”可知，定期锻炼和均
衡饮食有助于改善健康状况和延长预期寿命，contribute to 为固定短语，表示“有助于”。故选C。
2．They have done a fantastic job ________ the garden with fountains, bird feeders, and ponds.
A．levelling
B．lighting
C．landscaping
D．labelling
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们为花园做了出色的景观设计，有喷泉、喂鸟器和池塘。A.
levelling 使平坦；B. lighting 照亮；C. landscaping 对……做景观美化；D. labelling 贴标签于。根据“the
garden with fountains, bird feeders, and ponds”可知，此处指对花园进行景观美化，用landscaping。故选C。
3．（2026·天津市和平区天津市第一中学月考）Carolyn was _______ with sympathy about the poor homeless
cats and dogs in cold winter on streets.
A．equipped
B．connected
C．consumed
D．satisfied
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Carolyn 在寒冬里对街上可怜的流浪猫狗充满了同情。 A. equipped 装
备，配备；B. connected 与……有关；C. consumed 充满（强烈的情感）；D. satisfied 使满意。 短语“be
consumed with”表示“被某种强烈情感所占据、充满”，此处指Carolyn 内心充满同情，符合语境。其他选
项均无法与“sympathy”构成合理搭配。故选C 项。
4．（2026·天津天津市和平区期末）Traffic on the main street was for three hours because of a serious
accident.
A．accumulated
B．delayed
C．returned
D．circulated
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。 句意：由于一场严重的事故，主干道上的交通延误了三个小时。 A.
accumulated 积累；积聚；B. delayed 延误；耽搁； C. returned 返回；归还； D. circulated（使）循环；传
播。根据后文“because of a serious accident”可知，干道上的交通延误了三个小时。故选B 项。
5．（2026·天津市部分区期末）To ensure a smooth conference, the organizer ______ all the presentation
equipment again.
A．explored
B．confirmed
C．purchased
D．donated
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为确保会议顺利进行，组织者再次确认了所有演示设备。A. explored
探索；B. confirmed 确认；C. purchased 购买；D. donated 捐赠。由To ensure a smooth conference 可知，为了
会议顺利进行，组织者是再次检查确认了设备状态。故选B 项。
考向05 动词短语辨析
1．（2026·山西太原文赢学校期末）My mother asked me to ________ the picture on the wall of the living
room.
A．put on
B．put off
C．put away
D．put up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我妈妈让我把画挂在客厅的墙上。A. put on 穿上；B. put off 推迟；C. put away 收起；D.
put up 张贴，挂起。题干中包含重点句型ask sb. to do sth.，意为“要求某人做某事”。根据题意，妈妈是
要求我把画“挂”在墙上。
2．（2026·天津东丽区质量调研试卷（二））Lisa ______ her professor at the campus cafe, which gave her a
perfect chance to discuss her science fair project.
A．relied on
B．turned down
C．came across
D．brought out
【答案】C
【解析】句意：莉萨在校园咖啡馆偶遇了她的教授，这给了她一个绝佳机会探讨科学展会项目。A. relied
on 依靠；B. turned down 拒绝；C. came across 偶遇；D. brought out 使显现。根据 “which gave her a perfect
chance to discuss her science fair project.”可知，此处是偶然碰到教授。
3．（2026·天津市南开中学模拟预测）When the campus suddenly announced a change to the waste-sorting
time, the leader of the volunteer team had to ______ and adjust the team’s on-duty schedule immediately.
A．let out his emotions
B．take a leaf out of his book
C．think on his feet
D．bury his head in the sand
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当校园突然宣布更改垃圾分类时间时，志愿者团队的负责人必须迅速做出反应，立即调整
团队的值班安排。A. let out one's emotions 发泄情绪；B. take a leaf out of one's book 效仿某人；C. think on
one’s feet 迅速做出反应；D. bury one’s head in the sand 逃避现实。 面对突发的时间变动，负责人需要快速
思考并立即做出调整，think on one’s feet 最符合语境。
4．（2026·天津市河西区总复习质量调查三）The students’ creative performance at the art festival ________
the high expectations of their teachers and parents.
A．lived up to
B．looked forward to
C．came up with
D．put up with
【答案】A
【解析】句意：学生们在艺术节上的创造性表演没有辜负老师和家长们的高期望。A. live up to 不辜负，达
到； B. look forward to 期待，盼望； C. come up with 提出，想出； D. put up with 忍受，容忍。根据上文
“The students’ creative performance”可知，孩子们的表演具有创造性，应该是很棒的，因此是没有辜负老
师和父母的期盼。
5．（2026·天津市耀华中学一模）Despite the tight schedule, the project manager must ______ the potential risks
before finalizing the plan.
A．catch sight of
B．have access to
C．take account of
D．give way to
【答案】C
【解析】句意：尽管日程安排很紧，项目经理在最终确定计划之前必须考虑潜在的风险。A. catch sight of
看见；B. have access to 有接近……的机会；C. take account of 考虑；D. give way to 给……让路。结合“the
potential risks before finalizing the plan”可知，空格处应表达“考虑”，用take account of。
二、语篇语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·四川省绵竹中学高考适应
性考试）
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and early screening and detection are keys to preventing chronic (慢性的)
kidney disease. Adequate hydration and healthy diet are essential. For
1
healthy adult, it is recommended
to drink 1,500 to 1,700 milliliters of water per day,
2
(consume) in small amounts throughout the day,
about 200 milliliters each time.
Furthermore, adults are advised to keep added sugar intake below 50 grams per day,
3
(ideal) under
25 grams, as high blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys over time. In addition,
4
(limit) purine-rich
foods, including organ meats and seafood, may help prevent elevated uric acid levels that can affect kidney
function. People
5
chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, high uric acid or gout (痛风) are at
a
6
(high) risk of kidney disease. “These patients are more likely to develop kidney problems.” LiuLi,
associate chief physician at Peking University First Hospital’s Department of Nephrology, told CMG.
Regular sleep patterns and regular exercise are also important. It is recommended to go to bed before 11 p.m.
and
7
(sure) seven to eight hours of sleep per night. At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic
activity per week, such as brisk walking or jogging, can help improve circulation, strengthen the immune system
and support overall kidney health. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption,
8
blood vessels and
kidneys are damaged, should also
9
(avoid). For most adults, integrating urinalysis and kidney function
10
(test) into an annual health checkup is vital.
【答案】
1．a 2．consumed 3．ideally 4．limiting 5．with 6．higher 7．ensure 8．where
9．be avoided 10．tests
【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了预防慢性肾病的方法：健康饮食，补水，控糖，控嘌呤，规律作息运动，远
离烟酒，同时建议定期做尿检和肾功能检查。
1．考查冠词。句意：对于健康成年人，建议每天饮用1500 至1700 毫升的水，一天内分次少量饮用，每次
约200 毫升。此处泛指“一位健康的成年人”，healthy 以辅音音素/h/开头，故用不定冠词a。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于健康成年人，建议每天饮用1500 至1700 毫升的水，一天内分次少量饮用，
每次约200 毫升。句中已有谓语 is recommended，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰water，water 和
consume 是被动关系（水被饮用），故用过去分词consumed 作后置定语。
3．考查副词。句意：此外，成年人应将每日添加糖摄入量控制在50 克以内，理想情况下低于25 克，因为
高血糖会随着时间推移损害肾脏功能。此处需要副词修饰整个介词短语under 25 grams，表示“理想情况
下”，故将形容词ideal 变为副词ideally。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：同时，应限制富含嘌呤的食物，如内脏和海鲜，以帮助预防尿酸升高，从而
影响肾功能。句子谓语是may help，此处需要动名词短语作主语，故将动词limit 变为动名词limiting。
5．考查介词。句意：患有高血压、糖尿病、高尿酸或痛风等慢性疾病的人群，患肾病的风险更高。people
with chronic conditions 是固定表达，意为“患有慢性疾病的人”，介词 with 表示“带有、具有（某种特
征或疾病）”。
6．考查形容词比较级。句意：患有高血压、糖尿病、高尿酸或痛风等慢性疾病的人群，患肾病的风险更
高。此处将“患有慢性病的人群”与普通人群对比，说明他们的肾病风险“更高”，故用 high 的比较级
higher。
7．考查动词。句意：建议晚上11 点前入睡，并保证每晚睡眠7 到8 小时。It is recommended to do sth.是固
定句型，and 连接两个并列的不定式 to go to bed 和to ensure，第二个不定式的 to 可省略，故将形容词sure
变为动词 ensure(确保)。
8．考查定语从句。句意：应避免吸烟和过量饮酒，因为这些行为会损害血管和肾脏。分析句子可知，设
空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption，在从句中作地点状语，
故用关系副词where 引导。
9．考查动词语态。句意：应避免吸烟和过量饮酒，因为这些行为会损害血管和肾脏。主语 Smoking and
excessive alcohol consumption 与动词avoid 是被动关系（这些行为应该被避免），情态动词should 后接被
动语态结构“be +过去分词”。
10．考查名词复数。句意：对于大多数成年人而言，在每年的体检中加入尿液分析和肾功能检查至关重要。
kidney function test(肾功能检查)是可数名词短语，与urinalysis(尿常规检查)并列，泛指这类检查，故用复数
形式tests。
三、完形填空
（河南省开封高级中学2026 届高三诊断（一））
Greenish blue waters sparkled so bright that it was as if the stars had fallen into the sea overnight. I sat on the
cliff (悬崖) edge breathing in the moment. John
1
nearby, operating the drone as it flew overhead,
2
the beautiful scenery for us.
On the track up ahead I saw a couple walking in our
3
. “Good morning,” I
4
them.
They smiled and nodded as they passed. They walked a little further until the woman noticed John with the
drone. She
5
to observe what he was photographing. She called her partner over. Together they raised
their
6
to look at the area before them. The ocean sparkled in the sun.
7
mountains in the
distance were covered in green vegetation. Purple and yellow wildflowers
8
from cliff faces. A soft
breeze carried a bird into view. The couple gasped at the
9
before them, as if they were seeing it for the
first time. The woman
10
her camera and captured the scene.
As the couple continued on their way, I thought about our everyday
11
. How many routine
moments become so
12
that we no longer truly feel the
13
they bring to our lives? Today,
as you go about your day, take care of your loved ones and
14
feel what you are experiencing.
What do you
15
as if for the first time?
1．A．stood
B．hid
C．complained
D．learned
2．A．creating
B．researching
C．capturing
D．describing
3．A．company
B．memory
C．shadow
D．direction
4．A．recognized
B．invited
C．greeted
D．interrupted
5．A．pretended
B．stopped
C．failed
D．hesitated
6．A．heads
B．voices
C．spirits
D．hands
7．A．Rocky
B．Snowy
C．Flat
D．Bare
8．A．fell apart
B．dried out
C．sprang up
D．broke down
9．A．chance
B．beauty
C．challenge
D．event
10．A．looked for
B．checked out
C．put away
D．took out
11．A．encounters
B．expectations
C．concerns
D．tasks
12．A．private
B．familiar
C．painful
D．strange
13．A．pressure
B．lesson
C．pleasure
D．award
14．A．fully
B．regularly
C．possibly
D．hardly
15．A．change
B．remember
C．imagine
D．notice
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
【解析】文章主要讲述作者海边偶遇一对夫妇沉醉自然风光，由此感悟人们应用心感受日常点滴美好的人
生道理。
1．考查动词。句意：约翰站在附近，操控着头顶飞行的无人机，为我们拍下美丽的景色。A. stood 站立；
B. hid 躲藏；C. complained 抱怨；D. learned 学习。根据后文“operating the drone as it flew overhead”可知，
约翰在一旁站着操作无人机。
2．考查动词。句意：约翰站在附近，操控着头顶飞行的无人机，为我们拍下美丽的景色。A. creating 创造；
B. researching 研究；C. capturing 拍摄；D. describing 描述。根据前文“operating the drone”以及后文“what
he was photographing”可知，无人机是用来拍摄美景的。
3．考查名词。句意：在前方的小径上，我看见一对夫妇正朝着我们的方向走来。A. company 陪伴；B.
memory 回忆；C. shadow 影子；D. direction 方向。根据后文“They smiled and nodded as they passed”可知，
夫妇朝着作者所在的方向走来并擦肩而过。
4．考查动词。句意：“早上好。”我向他们打招呼。A. recognized 认出；B. invited 邀请；C. greeted 问候；
D. interrupted 打断。根据前文“Good morning”可知，这是作者向路人主动问候打招呼。
5．考查动词。句意：她停下来观察他正在拍摄的景物。A. pretended 假装；B. stopped 停下；C. failed 未能；
D. hesitated 犹豫。根据后文“observe what he was photographing. She called her partner over.”可知，女士停下
脚步，驻足观看无人机拍摄的景色。
6．考查名词。句意：他们一起抬起头，眺望眼前的这片风景。A. heads 头；B. voices 声音；C. spirits 精神；
D. hands 手。根据后文“look at the area before them”可知，两人抬起头部望向远方海景山色。
7．考查形容词。句意：远处多岩石的山脉群山被绿色植被覆盖。A. Rocky 多岩石的；B. Snowy 积雪的；
C. Flat 平坦的；D. Bare 光秃秃的。根据后文“were covered in green vegetation”以及海边远景山峦语境可知，
此处指的是指多岩石的山脉。
8．考查动词短语。句意：紫色和黄色的野花从悬崖峭壁上蓬勃生长出来。A. fell apart 破碎；B. dried out
干枯；C. sprang up 涌现，生长；D. broke down 出故障。根据后文“from cliff faces”可知，野花从悬崖边上
生长绽放。
9．考查名词。句意：这对夫妇惊叹于眼前的美景，仿佛是第一次见到这般景致。A. chance 机会；B.
beauty 美景；C. challenge 挑战；D. event 事件。根据前文“The ocean sparkled in the sun. ______ mountains
in the distance were covered in green vegetation. Purple and yellow wildflowers _______ from cliff faces. A soft
breeze carried a bird into view.”可知，前文细致描绘了大海、青山、野花、飞鸟等自然风光，夫妇二人为此
处美景发出赞叹。
10．考查动词短语。句意：那位女士拿出相机，拍下了这一幕景色。A. looked for 寻找；B. checked out 结
账；C. put away 收好；D. took out 拿出。根据后文“captured the scene”可知，女士拿出相机拍摄眼前美景。
11．考查名词。句意：当这对夫妇继续前行时，我联想到了我们日常生活中的种种际遇。A. encounters 际
遇，偶遇；B. expectations 期待；C. concerns 担忧；D. tasks 任务。根据前文“On the track up ahead I saw a
couple walking in our ________ .”以及作者与陌生夫妇海边偶遇、驻足共赏风景的情节，可知作者由这次偶
遇联想到生活中的日常相逢与际遇。
12．考查形容词。句意：有多少日常瞬间变得太过熟悉，以至于我们不再真正感受它们带给生活的愉悦。
A. private 私人的；B. familiar 熟悉的；C. painful 痛苦的；D. strange 陌生的。根据后文“no longer truly feel”
可知，日常事物因太过熟悉，反而让人忽略其美好。
13．考查名词。句意：有多少日常瞬间变得太过熟悉，以至于我们不再真正感受它们带给生活的愉悦。A.
pressure 压力；B. lesson 教训；C. pleasure 愉悦；D. award 奖励。根据前文“The couple gasped at the ______
before them, as if they were seeing it for the first time.”可知，夫妇由衷沉醉自然风光之美，由此可知，作者感
慨人们渐渐忽略日常光景带给生活的美好与愉悦。
14．考查副词。句意：在度过每一天时，请珍惜身边所爱之人，并全然用心感受当下的经历。A. fully 全然
地；B. regularly 定期地；C. possibly 可能地；D. hardly 几乎不。根据前文“that we no longer truly feel the
________ they bring to our lives?”可知，人们因熟悉而麻木无感，由此可知，作者呼吁大家全身心、完整地
去感受当下的生活经历。
15．考查动词。句意：有哪些事物，你会如同初次遇见一般去留意和感知？A. change 改变；B. remember
记住；C. imagine 想象；D. notice 留意。根据前文“Today, as you go about your day, take care of your loved
ones and _______ feel what you are experiencing.”可知，用心感受当下、以初见之心对待日常美好，由此可
知，此处反问人们会以初次相见的心态去留意身边的事物。
四、阅读理解
（陕西西安中学2025-2026 学年高三下学期第七次模拟）In the early hours of March 13,1964, Kitty
Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case
made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action.
To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic
experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of
responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group
of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just
10% did so with passive bystanders around.
They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an
emergency due to others’ inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are
present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with
professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene. This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with
many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they
know.
Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory.
Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities — Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape
Town — Dr. Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents.
Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original
theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often
stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to
help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others.
1．What does the underlined word “diffused”in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Weakened.
B．Shifted.
C．Continued.
D．Increased.
2．The bystander effect occurs primarily because people _________.
A．are unwilling to help strangers
B．are influenced by urbanization
C．are discouraged by professionals
D．are unable to recognize an emergency
3．Which statement does Philpot probably agree with?
A．Protecting others should be advocated.
B．Bystander responses rely on intervention types.
C．The tendency to help is rooted in human nature.
D．Cultural differences lead to the bystander effect.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards bystander effect?
A．Subjective
B．Impartial
C．Critical
D．Favourable
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文介绍了“旁观者效应”的经典实验、成因，以及最新研究对该理论的质疑。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of
responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group
of six (旁观者越多，个人的责任感就越弱 —— 一对一情境下 85% 的参与者会伸出援手，而六人组中只
有 31% 的人会帮忙)”可推，破折号后数据对比显示：旁观者变多→出手帮助的比例明显下降，说明个人
责任感被削弱、变弱。“diffused”意为“减弱”。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s
failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. (他们指出，旁观者效应主要源于人们因
他人不作为而无法将情况判定为紧急情况。)”可知，人们无法识别紧急情况。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are
born with the wish to help others (不同城市一致的干预类型表明，我们天生就有帮助他人的意愿)”可推知助
人倾向是人类天性。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané
conducted two classic experiments. (为了弄清原因，社会心理学家约翰
达利和比布
拉塔内开展了两项经
・
・
典实验。)”和第四段“Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander
effect theory. (最近的研究对达利和拉塔内经典旁观者效应理论的普遍性提出了质疑。)”可推知，作者客观
陈述传统理论与质疑研究，无主观偏向，态度公正。
重难·创新演练
设题创新: 水的象征意义及作用(T1) 自我成长(T2); 人工智能(T3)
一、所给词的适当形式填空
1．The question must be (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it.
【答案】simplified
【解析】考查词性转换和动词的语态。句意：这个问题必须被简化，以便我们能找到解决它的办法。
simple 的动词形式是simplify 意为“使简化”；主语The question 与动词simplify 之间是被动关系，应用被
动语态be + 过去分词结构。故填simplified。
1．Physical strength is important, but athletes also need to (strength) their mental resilience.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查名词和动词。句意：体力很重要，但运动员也需要加强他们的心理韧性。用动词原形，
strengthen 意为“增强”，为及物动词。故填strength；strengthen。
3．My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
【答案】measures
【解析】考查不及物动词和时态。句意：我的新卧室尺寸是15 英尺乘12 英尺，对我来说足够大了。
measure 可作不及物动词，表示“量度为……”，没有被动语态，表示客观事实用一般现在时，主语是单
数，谓语动词也用单数，故填measures。
4.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, (sell) well.
【答案】sell
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：这些书是由江苏著名作家周梅森写的，卖得很好。提示词在句中作谓语动
词，sell 用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。句子的主语“The
books which were written by Zhou Meisen”是复数，故填sell。
5．Although I have sympathy for people in difficulty, it is very hard for me to (sympathy) with the
young man begging in the street; in other words, I do not feel sympathetic towards him at all.
【答案】 sympathize
【解析】考查名词、动词和形容词。句意：虽然我同情有困难的人，但我很难同情在街上乞讨的年轻人；
换句话说，我一点也不同情他。第一空作have 的宾语，应用名词，sympathy 意为“同情”，为不可数名词，
have sympathy for 意为“对……同情”。第二空前有不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形，sympathize 意为
“同情”，为及物动词。第三空作feel 的表语，应用形容词，sympathetic 意为“同情的”，feel
sympathetic towards 意为“对……感到同情”。故填sympathy；sympathize；sympathetic。
6.When arriving in a foreign country, you’d better (familiar) yourself with the local situation at first.
【答案】familiarize
【解析】考查动词。句意：到了外国，你最好先熟悉一下当地的情况。根据you’d better 可知，空处应用动
词原形。familiarize 意为“使熟悉”，为及物动词。familiarize oneself with 意为“熟悉，了解”，为固定搭
配。故填familiarize。
7.I lock the door yesterday afternoon when I left the office; but it is still open.
【答案】did
【解析】考查助动词。句意：昨天下午我离开办公室时确实锁门了；但它现在仍然是开放的。分析句子结
构可知，此处应填did，为助动词，用于对过去发生的动作lock 进行强调，加强语气，意为“确实、的
确”。故填did。
8．Not until then I realise words could be powerful in positive and negative ways.
【答案】did
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到那时我才意识到语言可以在积极和消极方面具有强大的力量。not until
位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或be 动词提前。此处主句为一般过去时，需
将助动词did 提前。故填did。
9.Class activities will vary from day to day, but students be ready to complete short inclass writings.
【答案】must
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：课堂活动每天都不同，但学生必须准备好完成短篇当堂作文。根据“be
ready to complete short inclass writings(准备好完成短篇当堂作文)”可推理出空白处应填表示“必须”含义的
情态动词，用must。故填must。
10．If you have a problem with a product, local store owners, who even know you by name, are often
willing to help.
【答案】may
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你的产品有问题，当地的店主往往愿意帮助你，他们甚至可能知道你
的名字。此处为不太确定的推测，应用情态动词may 表示“可能”。故填may。
11.Team building activities make a great difference when it comes to job satisfaction and organizational
success.
【答案】can
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在工作满意度和企业成功方面，团建活动能够起到很大作用。根据语境可
知，此处表示“有能力、能够”。情态动词can 可表示人或事物具备的能力。故填can。
二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026 届江苏南京市高三年级第
二次模拟）
Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese
culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply
1
(involve) in
philosophy and mythology. It is
2
source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically
(审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one.
Chinese philosophy,
3
(particular) Daoism, views water as the model for cosmic (宇宙的) and
social order. Daoism, formed in the 6th century BC,
4
(believe) humans should live in harmony with
nature’s Dao — the natural flow of life. The Daode Jing emphasizes the virtues of water, illustrating
5
its qualities shape and guide the principles of social life and personal conduct to a remarkable extent.
In Chinese art, the landscape concept of "shanshui" combines mountains — representing
6
(still),
and water — representing change, symbolizing the harmony
7
brevity (短暂 ) and continuity in nature.
Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water systems
8
reflect the anatomy (解剖)
of an ox,
9
(display) the human-nature balance.
Water demonstrates our connection to nature and reminds us of
10
(environment) crises, like
polluted rivers. They highlight the importance of remembering our ancestral ties to this essential element.
【答案】
1．involved 2．a 3．particularly 4．believes 5．how 6．stillness 7．between 8．
that/which 9．displaying 10．environmental
【解析】文章主要讲述了水在中国文化、哲学、艺术及建筑中的象征意义及作用。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，水是代表自然与和谐的基本象征，深深融入哲学与神话之中。
本空在句中作状语，且involve 与逻辑主语water 之间是被动关系，用过去分词involved。
2．考查冠词。句意：它是古代思想家和平的源泉，在中国艺术和建筑中被认为是具有审美力量的，将人
类世界与自然世界融为一体。此处表示泛指“一个和平的源泉”，source 以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词
a。
3．考查副词。句意：中国哲学，特别是道家，将水视为宇宙和社会秩序的典范。本空在句中修饰
Daoism，作状语，用副词particularly“特别地，尤其”。
4．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：道家形成于公元前6 世纪，认为人类应该与自然的“道”——生命的
自然流动——和谐相处。句子描述的一般事实，用一般现在时，主语Daoism 为第三人称单数，谓语用第
三人称单数believes。
5．考查名词性从句。句意：《道德经》强调水的美德，说明水的品质如何在很大程度上塑造和指导社会
生活和个人行为的原则。本空引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，用连接副词how。
6．考查名词。句意：在中国艺术中，“山水”的景观概念结合了山——代表静止，和水——代表变化，
象征着自然中短暂与连续的和谐。本空在句中作representing 的宾语，用名词stillness“静止”。
7．考查介词。句意：在中国艺术中，“山水”的景观概念结合了山——代表静止，和水——代表变化，
象征着自然中短暂与连续的和谐。between...and...是固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。
8．考查定语从句。句意：例如宏村这样的中国古代建筑，融入契合牛躯体轮廓的水系，展现人与自然的
平衡。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词water systems，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系
代词which 或that。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古代建筑，如宏村，整合了反映牛解剖结构的水系统，展示了人与自然
的平衡。本空在句中作结果状语，表示前面整合水系统所导致的结果，用现在分词displaying，表示自然而
然的结果。
10．考查形容词。句意：水展示了我们与自然的联系，并提醒我们注意环境危机，如河流污染。本空在句
中修饰名词crises，用形容词environmental“环境的”，作定语。
三、完形填空
（广东惠州市、韶关市2026 届下学期高三4 月练习）
For the longest time, I believed I wasn’t a math person. The very word “math” used to fill me with
1
. While others handled formulas (公式) with ease, I struggled a lot. So I
2
math whenever possible,
accepting numbers just weren’t my thing.
Then came junior year with an unexpected change. Due to a course selection
3
, I got placed in an
advanced statistics class. I panicked and considered begging the counselor to
4
. But by the time I
checked, the drop deadline had
5
. I had no choice but to stay.
The first few weeks were rough. I felt like learning a new language. However, there was something
6
about this class. The teacher didn’t just write formulas. He told stories with data, showing how statistics could
7
real-world problems. Then came the
8
that made all the difference.
We were asked to collect data and analyze it to answer a
9
we were curious about. Half-jokingly, I
chose: “Does sleep affect test scores?” I surveyed classmates, tracked sleep habits, and created graphs with my
group members. To my surprise, I enjoyed every part of the
10
. I especially liked finding patterns and
telling stories with
11
. When I presented my findings, I felt
12
— not just for surviving the
task, but because something finally made sense.
Since then, I’ve stopped labeling myself so
13
. I’ve learned that I’m more
14
than I
thought. Sometimes what we fear or avoid holds pieces of who we really are, waiting to be
15
.
1．A．fear
B．joy
C．anger
D．pride
2．A．practiced
B．discussed
C．avoided
D．challenged
3．A．plan
B．mistake
C．guidance
D．method
4．A．move on
B．step aside
C．make a switch
D．keep a secret
5．A．changed
B．extended
C．approached
D．passed
6．A．familiar
B．awkward
C．different
D．ridiculous
7．A．record
B．predict
C．hide
D．explain
8．A．project
B．exam
C．decision
D．competition
9．A．request
B．message
C．call
D．question
10．A．class
B．process
C．experiment
D．invention
11．A．numbers
B．words
C．details
D．actions
12．A．nervous
B．curious
C．proud
D．calm
13．A．openly
B．narrowly
C．carefully
D．slightly
14．A．social
B．analytical
C．sensitive
D．expressive
15．A．accepted
B．forgotten
C．ignored
D．discovered
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A
12．C 13．B 14．B 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从害怕数学到爱上统计，发现自身潜能的成长经历。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“数学”这个词过去常常让我充满恐惧。A. fear 恐惧；B. joy 喜悦；C.
anger 愤怒；D. pride 骄傲。根据前文“I wasn’t a math person”及后文“While others handled formulas (公式)
with ease, I struggled a lot.”可知，作者学数学很吃力，因此对数学感到害怕。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以只要有可能，我就避开数学，接受数字不是我的擅长这一事实。A.
practiced 练习；B. discussed 讨论；C. avoided 避开；D. challenged 挑战。根据前文“While others handled
formulas (公式) with ease, I struggled a lot.”及后文“accepting numbers just weren’t my thing”可知，作者觉得
自己不是学数学的料，因此选择避开数学。故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于选课失误，我被安排进了高级统计课。A. plan 计划；B. mistake 错误；
C. guidance 指导；D. method 方法。根据后文“I got placed in an advanced statistics class”以及作者本想避开
数学可知，选课环节出了差错。故选B。
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很恐慌，考虑求辅导员换课。A. move on 继续前进；B. step aside 让开；
C. make a switch 调换，改变；D. keep a secret 保守秘密。根据前文作者对数学的恐惧以及“I panicked”可知，
作者不想上这门课，想让辅导员调换课程。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但等我查看的时候，退课截止日期已经过了。A. changed 改变；B. extended
延伸；C. approached 接近；D. passed 过去，结束。根据后文“I had no choice but to stay”可知，截止日期已
过，所以无法退课。故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这堂课有些不同。A. familiar 熟悉的；B. awkward 尴尬的；C.
different 不同的；D. ridiculous 荒谬的。根据后文“The teacher didn’t just write formulas. He told stories with
data”可知，这位老师的教学方法与以往不同。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用数据讲故事，展示统计学如何解释现实世界的问题。A. record 记录；B.
predict 预测；C. hide 隐藏；D. explain 解释。根据后文“real-world problems”可知，统计学可以解释现实世
界的问题。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后来了一个项目，带来了巨大的改变。A. project 项目；B. exam 考试；C.
decision 决定；D. competition 竞争。根据后文“We were asked to collect data and analyze it”可知，这是一个
需要收集和分析数据的项目任务。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们被要求收集数据并分析它，以回答一个我们好奇的问题。A. request 请
求；B. message 信息；C. call 呼叫；D. question 问题。根据后文“Does sleep affect test scores?”可知，是要
回答一个问题。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我喜欢这个过程的每一部分。A. class 班级；B. process 过
程；C. experiment 实验；D. invention 发明。根据前文“collect data and analyze it”以及后文“I especially
liked finding patterns”可知，作者喜欢这个收集数据和分析的过程。故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我特别喜欢发现模式，并用数字讲故事。A. numbers 数字；B. words 单词，
话语；C. details 细节；D. actions 行动。根据前文“I got placed in an advanced statistics class.”及“We were
asked to collect data and analyze it”可知，与数学、统计相关的是数字。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我展示我的发现时，我感到自豪——不仅仅是因为我完成了任务，还
因为有些事情终于有意义了。A. nervous 紧张的；B. curious 好奇的；C. proud 骄傲的；D. calm 冷静的。根
据后文“not just for surviving the task, but because something finally made sense”可知，作者完成任务且有所
领悟，因此感到自豪。故选C。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我不再如此狭隘地给自己贴标签了。A. openly 公开地；B.
narrowly 狭隘地；C. carefully 仔细地；D. slightly 稍微地。根据前文“For the longest time, I believed I wasn’t
a math person.”可知，作者一直认为自己不是学数学的料，之前是狭隘地给自己贴标签。故选B。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我了解到我比自己想象的更有分析能力。A. social 社交的；B. analytical
分析的；C. sensitive 敏感的；D. expressive 善于表达的。根据前文“I surveyed classmates, tracked sleep
habits, and created graphs with my group members. To my surprise, I enjoyed every part of the . I especially liked
finding patterns and telling stories with .”可知，作者喜欢分析数据、发现模式，他发现自己具备分析能力。
故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时我们害怕或回避的事物中，藏着真正的自我的一部分，等待着被发现。
A. accepted 接受；B. forgotten 忘记；C. ignored 忽视；D. discovered 发现。根据前文“I’ve learned that I’m
more than I thought.”可知，作者通过尝试统计课发现自己的潜能，这里是说真实的自我等待被发现。故
选D。
四、阅读理解
Science fiction has long dramatized the threat of artificial intelligence (AI), expressing the fear that machines
becoming smarter than humans might develop their own plans and turn against us. The rise of conversational AI
like ChatGPT has made such imagined futures seem real, leading some to believe that super-intelligent, self-aware
AI is coming soon.
However, a significant gap exists between these dramatic stories and the operational reality of current
technology. Experts emphasize a crucial distinction. “Today’s AI tools are brilliant at pattern recognition and
generating reasonable text, but they lack understanding, consciousness, or genuine intent,” explains computational
linguist Emily Bender. Systems like ChatGPT are trained on enormous datasets to predict linguistic patterns,
enabling them to produce human-like responses. Yet, this performance is a complicated form of imitation (模仿),
not evidence of conscious thought. The core of modern AI lies in advanced data processing, not in having desires or
goals.
Thus, the vital debate shifts from the question of machine consciousness to the issues of capability and
alignment (对齐). Even without self-awareness, AI can outperform humans in specific areas such as data analysis
and logical inference. This power introduces a critical risk — “alignment problem”: an AI, strongly trained for a
poorly defined goal, might pursue harmful methods to achieve it. For instance, an AI designed to maximize a
certain result might find reasons to cheat, or in experimental settings, even resist being shut down, viewing it as a
threat to its mission.
As researcher Melanie Mitchell points out, such troubling behaviors may not arise from true self-
preservation instinct, but from AI’s tendency to copy and role-play. This opinion changes our challenge. The most
immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms —
such as the creation of convincing misinformation, the loss of privacy, or the growth of automated war — through
the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools.
Consequently, the urgent need is not to protect against made-up super-intelligence, but to establish strong
moral frameworks and global control for the very influential technologies we are now using, ensuring they stay in
line with human well-being and social values.
1．What does Emily Bender think of today’s AI tools?
A．They can think consciously by learning.
B．They give human-like responses by imitating.
C．They can grasp text’s real meaning.
D．They have genuine intent behind their answers.
2．What is the “alignment problem” mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．AI might pursue goals with harmful methods.
B．AI can tell right from wrong.
C．AI has a true self-preservation drive.
D．AI can align perfectly with human values.
3．According to the text, which is the most immediate danger posed by AI?
A．The fictional robot uprising.
B．The outbreak of biological war.
C．AI’s full self-preservation.
D．Real-life threats from AI.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．The AI Boost: The Rise of Super-intelligent AI
B．ChatGPT’s Magic: How AI Makes Science Fiction Real
C．AI’s Real Threat: From Robot Uprising to Unregulated Tools
D．Urgent Call to Action: Guard Against the Myth of Super-intelligence
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【解析】文章批判了科幻叙事中AI 具备意识并反抗人类的恐惧，指出当前AI 的本质是模式模仿而非真正
理解，并强调最紧迫的风险在于强大但未受监管的AI 工具可能引发的现实危害，因此呼吁建立伦理与监
管框架。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Systems like ChatGPT are trained on enormous datasets to predict linguistic
patterns, enabling them to produce human-like responses. Yet, this performance is a complicated form of imitation
(模仿), not evidence of conscious thought. (像ChatGPT 这样的系统通过海量数据集进行训练，以预测语言模
式，使它们能够产生类似人类的回答。然而，这种表现是一种复杂的模仿形式，而非意识思维的证据。)”
可知，Emily Bender 指出当前的AI 工具通过模仿来给出类似人类的回答。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“This power introduces a critical risk — “alignment problem”: an AI, strongly
trained for a poorly defined goal, might pursue harmful methods to achieve it. (这种能力带来了一个关键风险
——“对齐问题”：一个为定义不清的目标而强力训练的AI，可能会采用有害的方法来实现它。)”可知，
“对齐问题”指的是AI 为实现目标可能采取有害手段。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising
(反抗), but the increase of real-world harms — such as the creation of convincing misinformation, the loss of
privacy, or the growth of automated war — through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. (最紧
迫的危险可能不是科幻式的机器人起义，而是通过滥用强大且未受监管的工具而加剧的现实危害——例如
制造令人信服的虚假信息、隐私丧失或自动化战争的增长。)”可知，最紧迫的危险是AI 带来的现实威胁。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中“The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style
robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms… through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管
制的) tools. (最紧迫的危险可能不是科幻式的机器人起义，而是通过滥用强大且未受监管的工具而加剧的现
实危害……)”可知，文章首先引出对超级AI 的科幻式恐惧，再引用专家看法指出当前AI 本质是模仿而非
意识，并讨论AI 的“对齐问题”与能力风险，强调最紧迫的危险是未受监管的AI 工具导致的现实危害，
最后呼吁建立伦理框架与全球监管。因此，“AI 的真实威胁：从机器人起义到未受监管的工具”破除机器
人起义的迷思，且聚焦未受监管工具的现实威胁，最适合作为文章标题。
真题·实战演练
高频考点：动词的词形转换，动词词义辨析，动词短语辨析，动词的一词多义及熟词生义，
动词的概述
动词的词形转换
1.（2026·内蒙古赤峰二中月考）This can _______(deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the
solar system.
【答案】deepen
【解析】考查动词。句意：这可以加深他们对月球和太阳系历史的了解。根据空前的can 可知，空处应用
动词原形。deep 的动词形式是deepen，意为“增长（知识），加深（理解）”，为及物动词。故填
deepen。
2. The best way to live is to help and (rich) the lives of others.
【答案】enrich
【解析】考查动词。句意：最好的生活方式是帮助和丰富别人的生活。分析句子结构，空处与and 之前的
help 并列，help 为动词，故空处应用动词形式enrich，表示“使富有”。故填enrich。
3．Can you (vision) what urban life will be like in 100 years?
【答案】envision
【解析】考查动词原形。句意：你能想象100 年后的城市生活会是什么样子吗？情态动词Can 之后，应该
跟动词原形，vision 一般用作名词，表示“视力、视野”，作动词时，表示“在梦中看见；想像”，不符
合句意，动词 envision，意为“展望，想象”，为及物动词，符合句意，在该句中，其后接宾语从句 what
urban life will be like in 100 years? 故填envision。
4. Let’s (summary) what we have learnt today.
【答案】summarise/summarize
【解析】考查动词。句意:让我们总结一下今天我们学习的内容。let's 后用动词原形。summary 是名词，动
词是summarise 或summarize。故填summarise/summarize。
考查动词的熟词生义（推断划线部分动词的意思）
1. (2023 年全国乙卷) In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials
(证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.(全国乙卷, 阅读理解A)
【答案】审判，审理
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：1322 年，她因非法行医而受审。根据后面的unlawfully 可知，此处意为：
审判。
2. (2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷) The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum,
Heineken Brewery and much more.（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解A）
【答案】包括
【解析】考查考查熟词生意。句意：这个2.5 小时的旅程涵盖了the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the
Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery 和更多的地方。
3. (2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷) He develop
ed
a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes
in South Burlington.(新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解B)
【答案】v. 开发，研制
【解析】考查考查熟词生意。句意：他开发了一种处理污水的类似温室的设施。根据后面的facility，可知
此处是研发。
4.（2021·全国乙卷 ）(阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce
their plastic footprint.
【答案】vt.逼迫；使迫不得已
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：Von Wong 希望他的工作也能有助于迫使大公司减少它们的塑料足迹。
5. （2021·全国甲卷 ）(阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed
the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽)．
【答案】vt.经营；管理
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：负责繁育计划的 Port Lympne Reserve 迎来了一只稀有的黑犀牛幼崽。
6.（2021·全国甲卷 ）(阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
【答案】vt.仿效；追随；拥护
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：不要追随那些让你感觉不够好的人。
推断阅读理解中划线部分动词的意思
1.(2024
新高考Ⅰ卷
•
· 阅读理解A) Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in
restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
【答案】adj. 易受影响的；需保护的
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：栖息地恢复团队的志愿者在恢复易受影响的资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒
危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
2.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷
•
·阅读理解B) Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed
that he improved after two or three treatments.
【答案】n. 惯常做法
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：然后他尝试了针灸，一种中国古老的疗法，他惊讶于两三次治疗后病情有
所进步。
在语境中考查动词词义
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I
liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 21 , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I 22 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried
to 23 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 24 my language skills. That
encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier.
21．A．study
B．rent
C．visit
D．settle
22．A．planned
B．struggled
C．refused
D．happened
23．A．string
B．hang
C．mix
D．match
24．A．improved
B．assessed
C．admired
D．praised
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大
利显然是赢家。A. study 学习；B. rent 出租；C. visit 游览；D. settle 定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my
permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选
D。
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned
计划；B. struggled 斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused 拒绝；D. happened 出现、发生。根据上文“During my
first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我
的语言技能。A. string 串起、连成一串；B. hang 悬挂；C. mix 混合；D. match 配对。根据下文“a sentence
of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我
的语言技能。A. improved 改进；B. assessed 评估；C. admired 钦佩；D. praised 赞扬。根据上文“the locals
smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语
言能力。故选D。
2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started
running regularly, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a
“super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be
honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I
decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
41. A. knew
B. held
C. won
D. quit
43. A. asking
B. looking
C. waiting
D. training
44. A. made
B. believed
C. hated
D. deserved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew 知
道；B. held 抓住；C. won 赢得；D. quit 退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以
此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉
松训练，指的是52.4 英里的双马拉松。A. asking 要求；B. looking 看；C. waiting 等待；D. training 训练。
根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，
符合语境。故选D。
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made 制作；B. believed 相信；C. hated 讨
厌；D. deserved 值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文
“Between the girl making my_________seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长
跑了15 miles 和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C。
3.(2023 年新高考II 卷) After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me _____51_____ Tiffy into
the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _____52_____ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
51. A. feed
B. follow
C. change
D. load
52. A. call
B. join
C. leave
D. serve
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George 和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy 送上飞机。A. feed 喂
养；B. follow 跟随；C. change 改变；D. load 装载。load into 装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让
George 和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy 装入飞机。故选D。
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A. call 打电
话；B. join 加入；C. leave 离开；D. serve 服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一
到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。
4.(2023 年新高考II 卷) It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who
___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy.
44. A. appeared
B. proved
C. happened
D. showed
45. A. waited
B. offered
C. hurried
D. failed
46. A. see off
B. look for
C. hand over
D. pick up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen 正在计划另一次PNP 飞行，他主动提出
要把Tiffy 从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared 出现；B. proved 证明；C. happened 碰巧；D. showed 展示。
根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在
计划另一次PNP 飞行。故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen 正在计划另一次PNP 飞行，他主动提出
要把Tiffy 从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited 等待；B. offered 提供、主动提出；C. hurried 匆忙；D.
failed 失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen 主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy 从堪萨斯
城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off 为……送行；B. look
for 寻找；C. hand over 移交；D. pick up 接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者
需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。
5.(2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie
Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her delay came because she was carrying a
competitor across the finish line.
21. A. designed
B. followed
C. changed
D. finished
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成比赛。A. designed 设计；B. followed 跟随；
C. changed 改变；D. finished 完成。根据“because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line”可知，
Bailey 在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成比赛”。
故选D。
在语境中考查动词短语辨析
1. (2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷) Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid. She couldn’t. Bailey then
____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to
where Lenoue could get medical attention.
27. A. went away
B. stood up
C. stepped aside
D. bent down
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey 弯下腰，让Lenoue 爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，
然后又走了300 英尺，到Lenoue 接受治疗的地方。A. went away 离开； B. stood up 站起来；C. stepped
aside 让路；D. bent down 弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey 弯下腰，让勒诺爬
到她的背上。故选D。
2. （2022 年新高考I 卷)Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___,
but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip.
47. A. signed up
B. calmed down
C. checked out
D. headed off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我
们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up 注册、报名；B. calmed down 冷静下来；C. checked out 退房、结账离开；
D. headed off 启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”
可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。
3. （2021·新高考I 卷 ）This was harder than it sounds. （51） a bit and the cakes pile up. As I
told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d expected.
51. A. Calm down
B. Slow down
C. Stay on
D. Move on
【答案】B
【解析】根据下文中的and the cakes pile up. 可知,一旦动作减速一点点,蛋糕就会堆积起来了。calm down
冷静；slow down 减速；stay on 继续留下；move on 继续前进。
写出下列词在句中的具体含义
1.address
1.The letter was correctly addressed, but delivered to the wrong house.
2.I was surprised when he addressed me in English.
3.The judge should be addressed as ‘Your Honour’.
4. He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.
5. Your essay does not address the real issues.
【答案】1.vt 写地址邮寄给 2.vt 对某人说话 3.vt 冠以（某种称呼） 4. vt 对……演讲 5.vt 设法解决；
处理
2.approach
1. Spring is approaching.
2. He didn't approach the front door at once.
3. What's the best way of approaching this problem?
4. My English teacher is easy to approach.
5. The approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.
6. We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.
【答案】1. vt （时间）临近 2. vt （空间）3. vt 处理 4. vt 接洽5. n 通道 6. n 方法
3.board
1.I posted a question on the message board.
2.She has a seat on the board of directors.
3.Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff.
4.Have the passengers gone on board yet?
5.The ship was boarded by customs officials.
【答案】1.木板2.董事会；理事会 3.膳食，伙食 4.在飞火轮上5.上飞火轮
4.course
1.The college runs specialist language courses.
2.He's seen many changes in the course of his long life.
3.The lunch was excellent, especially the first course.
4.He radioed the pilot to change course.
5.The wisest course would be to say nothing.
【答案】1.n 课程2. n 过程in the course of 在…过程中3.n 一道菜 4.n 航向，航道 5.n 做法
5.credit
1.We bought the dishwasher on credit.
2.The bank refused further credit to the company.
3.He's a player who rarely seems to get the credit he deserves.
4.She is a credit to the school.
5.It was fantastic seeing my name in the credits.
6.He's only 30, and he already has four novels to his credit.
7.To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
8.The education department offered a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.
9.$50 000 has been credited to your account.
10.The company is credited with inventing the robot.
【答案】1.n 赊账 欠账 2.n 贷款 3.n 赞扬，认可 4.n 为…赢得荣誉的人或物5.n 片头字幕，片尾字幕
6.have sth to one’s credit. 取得…成就 7.to one’s credit 使值得赞扬8.n 学分9.vt 存入金额 10.be credited with
把…归于
