夜雨聆风高一版｜上海高考英语外刊精读
The Secret to Good Questions
提出好问题的秘诀
一、读前导入
话题背景 课堂讨论、社团面试和日常聊天都离不开提问。好问题不仅能帮助我们获得信息，还能让交流更深入；但如果只顾着问、不认真听，提问反而可能让人觉得不真诚。 上海卷影子考点 通过例子理解观点；识别因果、转折与对比关系；根据上下文猜测新词含义 | 读前问题 1. What makes a question helpful in a conversation? 2. Why might asking the same questions be useful when comparing people? |
二、外刊文章
P1Some professions are defined by questions. Detectives ask them, and suspects have the right not to answer them. It sounds normal for a journalist to say, “I'm the one asking the questions,” and pretty weird when a plumber says it. P2But questions are crucial① in every organisation, and in every classroom. They sharpen② thinking and extract information when things go wrong. They are also central to forging relationships: research shows that people who ask more questions tend to be better liked. An absence of questions can be a warning sign. If nobody in a group ever asks anything, it may mean that questions are not welcome there. P3What makes a good question obviously depends on the context③. The “five whys” — asking “why” again and again until you reach the root cause④ of a problem — works well when you are looking for the cause of a mistake. But it will not help you make friends. (“Why were you absent yesterday?” “I was at a funeral.” “Why?” “What do you mean, why?”) P4Still, some rules of thumb work across different settings. Paying attention to the answer is always a good idea. Lots of people ask a question only in order to supply their own piece of information. Researchers call this “boomerasking⑤”. If you ask a classmate where she went during the holiday just so that you can describe your own trip, you are boomerasking. Unsurprisingly, it doesn't land well: questioners are seen as insincere⑥ if they are not interested in the other person's answer. P5If you are making comparisons, the consistency⑦ of questions matters. When a school club interviews new members and every interviewer asks something different, it is harder to judge between candidates and easier for bias⑧ to creep in. Studies of job interviews show the same thing: when everyone is asked the same set of questions, unfair preferences grow weaker. P6Yet asking the same bad question of everyone is not particularly useful. Researchers have studied “curveball” questions, which they define as questions that are difficult to predict, and therefore hard to prepare for, but also relevant to what has come before, and therefore tough to dodge. Such questions are more likely to produce new information. Experts ask them because they know the subject deeply. Newcomers ask them because they are not yet immersed in conventional wisdom. Both lead to better questions. | 重点词汇 / Key Words ①crucial /ˈkruːʃl/adj. 至关重要的 ────────────── ②sharpen /ˈʃɑːpən/v. 使更敏锐；提升 ────────────── ③context /ˈkɒntekst/n. 情境；上下文 ────────────── ④root cause /ˌruːt ˈkɔːz/phr. 根本原因 ────────────── ⑤boomerasking /ˈbuːmərˌɑːskɪŋ/n. 借提问转而谈自己的做法 ────────────── ⑥insincere /ˌɪnsɪnˈsɪə/adj. 不真诚的 ────────────── ⑦consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/n. 一致性 ────────────── ⑧bias /ˈbaɪəs/n. 偏见；偏向 ────────────── |
三、文章结构理解
核心主线：提问的价值 → 情境决定方法 → 倾听的重要性 → 一致标准 → 意外问题的价值 | |
1. 职业印象 / Questions at work 以侦探、记者和水管工为例，引出“提问”与不同职业之间的关系。 | 2. 为什么重要 / Why questions matter 提问能促进思考、获取信息、建立关系；没有人提问也可能说明环境不够开放。 |
3. 取决于情境 / Context matters “五个为什么”适合追查问题根源，却不适合所有社交场景。 | 4. 真正倾听 / Listen to answers 只借问题谈自己属于 boomerasking，会让提问者显得不真诚。 |
5. 统一标准 / Consistent questions 比较多人时，使用相同问题更容易公平判断，也能减少偏见。 | 6. 意外问题 / Curveball questions 难以预先准备但与前文相关的问题，往往能带来新信息；专家和新手都可能提出好问题。 |
作者态度 / Author attitude：肯定但有条件 / positive yet qualified |
｜阅读抓手：先抓每段提出的“提问原则”，再关注 but、still、yet 等转折词后的限制或补充。
四、重点词汇
No. | Word | 中文 / 语境 | 常见搭配 | 高一仿写例句 |
1 | crucial | 在文中指“对组织和课堂都非常重要的”（原文搭配为 crucial in every organisation）。 | be crucial in / to | Clear communication is crucial to successful teamwork. |
2 | sharpen | 在文中指“使思考更敏锐、更清晰”。 | sharpen one's thinking | Reading different opinions can sharpen our thinking. |
3 | context | 在文中指决定问题是否合适的具体情境。 | depend on the context | The meaning of a word often depends on the context. |
4 | root cause | 在文中指一个问题最深层、最根本的原因。 | find the root cause | We need to find the root cause of the repeated mistakes. |
5 | boomerasking | 在文中指先问别人问题，却很快把话题转回自己（研究者新造词，理解即可，不作背诵要求）。 | avoid boomerasking | To have a real conversation, try to avoid boomerasking. |
6 | insincere | 在文中指提问者并不真正关心对方答案，因而显得“不真诚”。 | seem insincere | An apology may seem insincere if it is followed by an excuse. |
7 | consistency | 在文中指对不同候选人使用相同提问标准。 | the consistency of | The consistency of the rules makes the competition fairer. |
8 | bias | 在文中指影响公平判断的个人偏向或偏见。 | reduce bias | Using clear standards can help reduce bias. |
五、基础长句拆解
长句 1｜原句 | When a school club interviews new members and every interviewer asks something different, it is harder to judge between candidates and easier for bias to creep in. |
主干 | When 引导时间状语从句；主句为 it is harder ... and easier ...。 |
修饰成分 | when 从句交代情境；两个并列比较结构 harder to judge 与 easier for bias to creep in 说明后果。 |
中文意思 | 当一个学校社团面试新成员，而每位面试者提出的问题都不同时，候选人之间会更难比较，偏见也更容易悄悄影响判断。 |
易卡点 | it 是形式主语；真正要理解的是后面的 to judge 和 for bias to creep in 两个并列部分。 |
可模仿表达 | When every group uses a different rule, it is harder to compare the results and easier for mistakes to go unnoticed. |
长句 2｜原句 | Researchers have studied “curveball” questions, which they define as questions that are difficult to predict, and therefore hard to prepare for, but also relevant to what has come before, and therefore tough to dodge. |
主干 | 主干是 Researchers have studied “curveball” questions；which 引导非限制性定语从句解释这类问题。 |
修饰成分 | that are difficult to predict 修饰 questions；hard to prepare for 与 tough to dodge 分别说明其难以准备和难以回避；but also 表示补充兼转折。 |
中文意思 | 研究人员研究了“出其不意的问题”。他们把这类问题定义为：难以预测，因此难以提前准备；但又与前面谈过的内容相关，因此也很难回避。 |
易卡点 | which 指代 curveball questions；两个 therefore 分别对应“难预测→难准备”和“与前文相关→难回避”两条因果链。 |
可模仿表达 | Teachers sometimes ask follow-up questions, which are hard to predict but closely connected to what a student has just said. |
