文档文本内容
话题 10 语言学习规律与饮食文化健康
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·湖南衡阳市八中模拟预测)
Before arriving in China，I had read lots of books about China.Therefore，when
I arrived，I was excited to be living in this huge historically and culturally rich
country.It was so greatly different from the UK.The food，the landmarks，the big
cities and everyday life—I couldn’t wait to explore.
However，learning Chinese hadn’t even entered my mind，not because I was
lazy，but because I had no confidence to learn the most difficult language in the
world.Besides this，once I moved to China，I lived in Shanghai.It is an international
city，with many people speaking English as a second language.So I thought English
would be adequate.
But after a year in China I found many expats(侨民) spoke Chinese.Perhaps it
was achievable after all? I felt uncomfortable because so many Chinese people could
speak English while I couldn’t even speak the most basic Chinese.To face the
challenge，I decided to begin my language journey and my only regret is that I didn’t
start earlier.
In the two years since starting to learn I have made great progress.Now，I am
able to talk in Chinese on many topics.Learning to speak Chinese isn’t as difficult as I
once expected.When I speak to Chinese people in Chinese，they almost always
understand me.The most challenging thing is listening since Chinese people talk at
such a speed.I can’t always understand what’s been said，but my weekly online
language exchanges help with this.Learning Chinese has taken a lot of hard work.But
there is still a long way to go before I reach my goal of fluency(流利).Learning
Chinese not only helps me in day － to － day life ， but deepens my cultural
understanding of such a great country.So，to all my non－Chinese friends I say
this，don’t be afraid，face the challenge and be confident.1.What did the writer do after arriving in China?
A.He read a lot of books about China.
B.He couldn’t wait to study Chinese.
C.He tried to learn more about China.
D.He missed his life in his home of UK.
2.What does the underlined word “adequate” probably mean?
A.Enough. B.Important.
C.Necessary. D.Possible.
3.Why does the writer think listening is the most challenging?
A.He has a hearing problem.
B.Chinese people speak too fast.
C.Chinese is the most difficult language.
D.He doesn’t know much about many topics.
4.Which is the main idea of the text?
A.A new opinion on learning.
B.Exploring the joy of learning Chinese.
C.The writer’s journey of learning Chinese.
D.The value of learning a new language.
B
(2024·山东济宁市三模)
Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most
importantly lead to the preservation of a whole culture.This is probably why a group
of Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album (唱片) exclusively in the
Cherokee language，a highly endangered Native American language.Currently，
there are fewer than 2，000 fluent speakers of the language remaining in the world，
and the number is declining every year.
The album，titled “DOOAP oaV” and pronounced ‘Ah’ ‘Nuh’ ‘Duh’ ‘Nah’
‘Lees’ ‘Gi’ ， means “Performers” in English.It is comprised of a range of
contemporary styles，including Pop，Reggae，Country，Heavy Metal，Hip Hop，
and Folk.With a planned release date of Labor Day weekend，the record company isusing the platform of the National Cherokee Holiday to give this album as much
exposure as possible.
Jeremy Charles，a key figure in getting this album off the ground，has said that
the “music will shine a spotlight on Cherokee artists and speakers，and increase
exposure to our culture and language worldwide”.He aims for the album to be an
inspiration to the next generation of the Cherokee language learners.Featuring 12
Cherokee artists ranging from ages 14 to 50，you can see how this album is going to
do a lot for the promotion of Cherokee music and can inspire people of any age to
make music that connects with their heritage (遗产).
The youngest contributor on the album，Lillian Charles，is only in 8th grade but
had a major contribution to the Goth－pop song “Circus”—a song she wrote at the
age of 12.It originally written in English.She worked with translators Bobbie Smith
and Kathy Sierra to be able to fully express herself in Cherokee.
Projects like the “DOOAP oaV” album bring a modern approach to revitalizing
language and culture and encourage a younger audience，to get involved and start
learning the Cherokee language.On average，a native language is lost forever every
two weeks，and these people want to make sure that the Cherokee language isn’t one
of them.
5.What can we learn about the album from paragraph 2?
A.It has various musical styles.
B.It is titled “Performers” in English.
C.It sings high praise of Labor Day.
D.It was exposed to the public by chance.
6.What’s Jeremy Charles’s expectation of the album?
A.It will make a huge profit for the record company.
B.It can help the 12 artists rise to fame overnight.
C.It will satisfy the fans’ demand for pop music.
D.It can fuel the youth’s interest in the Cherokee language.
7.Which can best replace the underlined word “revitalizing” in the last paragraph?
A.Translating. B.Reviewing.C.Restoring. D.Creating.
8.What’s the best title of the text?
A.Alarming! The Cherokee Language Is Dying
B.Amazing! An 8th Grader Is Releasing an Album
C.Bringing Music to Life with Modern Technology
D.Preserving a Language Through the Power of Music
C
(2024·衡水中学第四次综合素养测评)
Weald & Downland Living Museum
Fun fact
Over 50 historic buildings from across the Weald and Downland area have been
dismantled (拆除) and then reconstructed across a lovely 40－acre site in the South
Downs national park.The collection of buildings represents almost a thousand years of
rural life in south－east England：furnished just as they would have been in the past
—complete with the homes，farms and public buildings.There’s a sense of exploring
a real village as you wander between them along green paths，stopping to climb the
stairs of a 17th－century craftsman’s (工匠) cottage to lie on the straw bed or
sheltering from a shower in a smoky，14th－century hall.
Getting there
The Stagecoach 60 bus service from Chichester to Midhurst stops just five
minutes away at Grooms Yard，Singleton.The nearest railway stations are Chichester
(2 miles) and Haslemere (7 miles).The museum is on Town Lane in Singleton ，
reached via the A286 from Chichester to Midhurst.Parking is free and there are
disabled parking spaces opposite the museum shop.
Value for money?
Yes.It’s not cheap but it’s a special experience that easily fills a day.Plus，it’s a
valuable cause worth supporting.Adults ￡ 14 ， children 5 － 17 and students
￡6.50，under－4s free，family ￡38 (two adults and two children) or ￡25 (one
adult and three children).
Opening hoursDaily 10 am－5 pm (last entry 4 pm).
9.What can visitors do in Weald & Downland Living Museum?
A.Take a shower in the hall.
B.Stay overnight at a cottage.
C.Learn construction techniques.
D.Explore rural life centuries ago.
10.How much would a couple with their 5－year－old twin sons pay for admission?
A.￡25. B.￡34.5.
C.￡38. D.￡41.
11.What do we know about Weald & Downland Living Museum?
A.It charges parking fees.
B.It has varied opening hours.
C.It is inconveniently located for bus riders.
D.It offers the disabled thoughtful service.
D
Researchers at Ben－Gurion University of the Negev say that the popular dieting
strategy of serving food on smaller plates does not necessarily trick us into eating less.
“Plate size doesn’t matter as much as we think it does，” says Dr.Tzvi Ganel，
head of the study in a media release.“Even if you’re hungry and haven’t eaten，or are
trying to cut back on portions (份)，a serving looks similar whether it fills a smaller
plate or is surrounded by empty space on a larger one.”
Some dieters may try eating off smaller plates，hoping that they will feel full
because the serving size appears larger on the smaller plate.This strategy is based on
the classic Delbouef illusion (错觉)，which found that people seeing a black circle
inside a larger circle perceived the circle to be smaller than when the same sized black
circle was placed inside a smaller circle.
Researchers determined that hunger seems to help with visual perception of food
portions.In the experiment，participants who had eaten recently had a difficult time
estimating pizza portions that were placed on larger versus smaller trays.But
participants who had not eaten for at least three hours were better able to estimateportion sizes correctly.
The authors remind that their results only applied to food sizes.Both groups of
participants performed about the same when asked to compare sizes of black circles
and hubcaps (轮毂) placed inside different sized circles.Study authors say the results
suggest that hunger strengthens our ability to analyze and process what we are seeing.
“Over the last decade，restaurants and other food businesses have been using
progressively smaller dishes to adapt to the perceptual bias (偏差) that it will reduce
food consumption，” says Ganel.“This study debunks that view.When people are
hungry，especially when dieting，they are less likely to be fooled by the plate size，
more likely to realize they are eating less and more ready to overeating later.”
So don’t kid yourself.Put away the Barbie plates and give it three hours.Then
grab that giant plate and dig in.Your eyes will choose the right size.
12.Why do some dieters switch to smaller dishes?
A.To seek an elegant lifestyle.
B.To measure the serving size.
C.To have the impression of being full.
D.To see whether Delbouef illusion is true.
13.What helps to judge food sizes accurately?
A.The black color.
B.The size of circles.
C.The strong need for food.
D.The delicious taste of food.
14.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “debunks” in Paragraph
6?
A.Disapproves. B.Confirms.
C.Reflects. D.Discovers.
15.What does the text mainly tell us?
A.Dieting requires smaller plates.
B.Your dinner plate affects your weight.
C.Eating less is a popular dieting practice.D.Smaller plates won’t lead to less eating.
E
An increasingly popular way of eating called reducetarianism may sound like a
new weight loss trend.But that’s not the goal；instead，reducetarianism is about
cutting down the amount of meat you eat and making small changes that are healthy
for you and the planet.“But the vast majority don’t want to go vegan，” says Brian
Kateman，co－founder of the Reducetarian Foundation.So he has a simple message
for us ： “ Don’t let perfection be the enemy of the good.” Compared with a
vegetarian ， reducetarians take a more flexible approach that acknowledges
challenges of giving up meat entirely but still limits meat when possible.
The opposite side of eating less meat is eating more plant foods.Animal products
often replace fresh fruits，vegetables and whole grains，leading to lack of nutrients
from them.A more plant－based diet can help lower the risk of health problems
including heart disease，colon cancer，and obesity.And research shows the climate
toll from raising plant－based foods is less than that caused by animal －based
foods.This is largely because it takes much more land，water，and other resources to
produce a pound of meat than plant protein，says Dana Ellis，a dietitian.
The type of meat you buy matters too.Grass－fed meat—from animals raised
without antibiotics (抗生素)—tend to be the more sustainable options.By grazing，
cows encourage grass growth and nutrient turnover in the soil，which may help offset
cattle’s climate impact，according to a study published in 2021.
Looking for local produce that requires no air transport and cutting down the food
waste are also significant aspects of being a reducetarian.The message of
reducetarianism is that you don’t have to be perfect to help yourself and the planet by
making small changes in how you eat and shop for food.And that’s something we all
can accomplish.
16.What does reducetarianism refer to?
A.A novel weight loss trend.
B.A healthy diet with little meat.
C.An idea of accepting imperfection.D.An approach to being a vegetarian.
17.Why should eating more plant foods be encouraged?
A.It helps to free people from diseases.
B.It guarantees all the nutrients needed.
C.It allows people to obtain more protein.
D.It causes less damage to the environment.
18.Who is more likely to be a reducetarian according to the passage?
A.A meat lover.
B.A cow raiser.
C.A keen environmentalist.
D.A devoted vegetarian.
19.What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?
A.Local produce can offer more nutrition.
B.Reducetarianism is something imperfect.
C.Any amount of food waste should be avoided.
D.Small changes in diet better man and the earth.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·江苏泰州高三统考)
A Simple Trick to Resist Junk Food
You’re tired and hungry.Then you catch something delicious，probably fried and
almost certainly fattening.It is fried chicken！ 1 A new research says that being
exposed to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make
healthier food choices.
Have you ever noticed that whatever appetizing treat catches your nose’s
attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? What will happen if
you’re standing in line after a couple of minutes？ 2 And recent science says that
this is actually the right moment to walk away.
The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than
two minutes to junk food smell leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared
with healthy smell. 3 That is why long exposure to junk food smell can be assatisfactory as actually having it in your mouth.
4 When the exposure to smell of healthy food was examined，food choices
were not profoundly influenced.The reason for this is that healthy food is not
connected with reward in our brain and therefore has little influence on what we
desire.
So next time you’re feeling you don’t have the willpower to resist that French
fries，it might be as simple as sitting there and smelling all that sweetness for just a
minute or two. 5
A.But wait a minute before you order.
B.It’s a response that has been researched.
C.Get the satisfaction with none of the junk food.
D.It isn’t quite as irresistible as it was just moments ago.
E.However，it’s not the same case with smell of healthy food.
F.The brain doesn’t necessarily tell apart a pleasurable smell or taste.
G.It’s the same as actually eating it because your desire to eat it is satisfied.
Ⅲ.完形填空
I still remember my kindergarten teacher Mrs.White.I don’t remember much
about what we learned in her class，but my mother once told me that we used to 1
a lot.I would bring back what I wrote and she would look at it and 2 many
mistakes.But no red 3 .And always a star.Sometimes even a Good！That would
fill my heart with 4 .But it 5 my mother，so one day she asked Mrs.White
why she never pointed out my spelling or grammatical errors.Mrs.White
explained，“The children are just beginning to get excited about using words.I don’t
want to weaken that 6 with red ink.Spelling and grammar can 7 .The
wonder of words won’t.”
It 8 me that if Mrs.White had used her red pen more 9 I probably
wouldn’t be telling you about this now.I look back now and think she must have been
a rather 10 teacher—to exercise such red－pen－restraint(克制)；to allow the
joy ，wonder and excitement of expression—however 11 the expression
is.Because to bloom is better than not to bloom.I used to misspell “beautiful” a lot.Never could I quite remember that the “e”
went before the “a”.Eventually the e’s and a’s 12 into their right places.I’m glad
I didn’t wait on them，though.Pretty is easier to spell but it doesn’t 13 as much
as you mean sometimes.And 14 Mrs.White I didn’t hesitate to write what I
meant 15 I couldn’t quite spell it out.Because Life isn’t Pretty.It’s Beautiful.
1.A.recite B.perform
C.write D.draw
2.A.spot B.check
C.commit D.focus
3.A.results B.corrections
C.records D.explanations
4.A.anger B.confusion
C.happiness D.guilt
5.A.satisfied B.embarrassed
C.touched D.worried
6.A.determination B.enthusiasm
C.ability D.optimism
7.A.wait B.improve
C.practise D.change
8.A.refers to B.happens to
C.occurs to D.tends to
9.A.equally B.precisely
C.naturally D.highly
10.A.extraordinary B.humorous
C.strict D.outgoing
11.A.easy B.difficult
C.perfect D.faulty
12.A.settled B.turned
C.rushed D.reached
13.A.recommend B.hold
C.discuss D.announce14.A.instead of B.apart from
C.thanks to D.according to
15.A.as long as B.now that
C.as if D.even if
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2024·吉林省延边州高三二模)
Yazhou pottery—a type of exquisite pottery with a history of more than 600 years
—is now shining a new light across China.
As an ancient Chinese artifact，Yazhou pottery dates back 1. the
reign of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty.During this period，the art
form 2. (bring) to Yazhou Town in today’s Pingtang County，Guizhou
Province from Jiangxi Province.This is 3. Yazhou pottery was named and
found its origin.
After 4. (spread) to Guizhou，Yazhou pottery was combined with
aspects from the local Miao and Buyi ethnic cultures.In this way，it gained its own
distinctive style in shape and color.
The shapes of Yazhou pottery are inspired directly by objects in daily life，5.
adds to their folk style.In addition，the glaze of Yazhou pottery is also special.The
pottery uses glass powder to make products jade－like in 6. (appear).
Yazhou pottery saw a crisis in 7. 1980s，as many pottery factories were
closed because the daily uses of pottery were largely replaced by those 8.
(make) from metal and plastic.
9. (fortune)，things changed after 2008，when Yazhou pottery
was listed as a national－level intangible cultural heritage and got support from
governments of different levels.Its inheritors are also creating new ways 10.
(develop) it，like transforming the potteries into tourist souvenirs.
The heritage of Yazhou pottery is never something that stands still，but a process
driven forward by innovation.
