专题10 谓语动词和非谓语动词
考点分
类
十年考情（2017-2026）
命题规律
考点01
动词时
态、语
态及主
谓一致
（谓语
动词）
1. 考查频率：十年全国各卷持续考查，每套试
卷稳定 1–2 空，语法填空有提示词核心考点；
2. 核心考查内容：三大基础时态（一般过去、
一般现在、现在完成）为主，搭配被动语态综合
考查，穿插主谓一致陷阱；3. 语篇题材：传统
文化、中外文学、生态保护、航天科技、生活记
叙、农业环保；
4. 出题形式：全部为给出动词原形，要求变形
谓语动词。
1. 时态依托文本整体时间语境判断，不局
限单一时间标志词；
2. 语态高频结合一般过去时，多用于历史
建造、事件、邀请类场景；
3. 主谓一致常设置 as well as 就远原
则、定语从句先行词单复数等易错点；
4. 命题融合传统文化、生态文明等时代素
材，时态 + 语态复合型题目逐年增多。
考点02
非谓语
动词
1. 考查频率：十年全卷年年必考，单卷 2–3
空，是语法填空分值占比最高考点；
2. 三大形式均衡考查：不定式 to do 占比最
高，其次现在分词 doing、过去分词 done；3.
常见结构：介词后动名词、分词作状语、不定式
作目的 / 定语、形容词后不定式；
4. 语篇覆盖国风集市、饮食文化、熊猫保护、
中外戏剧、环保纪实等。
1. 解题核心：区分逻辑主语主动 / 被
动、动作先后关系；
2. 功能侧重：状语（目的、原因、伴随）
考查最多，定语、宾补为辅；
3. 固定搭配集中：hope to、chance to、
be easy to、介词 + doing 等高频句式；
4. 长难句嵌套非谓语成为常态，文本贴合
中国文化、社会热点命题。
一．谓语动词--动词时态，语态及主谓一致
1.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）As transportation and communication 59
. _____________ (be) underdeveloped at
that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities.
2.（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force.
Now,
I
60
.
(suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian.
3.（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）“The players’ personalities 60
.
(reveal) during the game, and
one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 61
. __
__
(try) to
beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
4.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题） Over time, I’ve found myself feeling extremely at home here. And in the
process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent ( 香味)” of freshly sunned
clothes
6 1 .
(be) one of them.
5.（2024·全国一卷·高考真题）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60
.
(walk) visitors
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to
Britain for the first time. These plants included modern Western favourites such as rosemary, lavender and
fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.
The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
6.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they
could never have met, there are common themes in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the
Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___
5 8_
__
(be)also
Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some
ways to Romeo and Juliet.”
7.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s
Birthplace Garden in 4017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 6 1_
__
(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
8.（2023·全国二卷·高考真题）So, what are they learning? Basically, how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an
honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I
_65_
___
(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the
panda keepers do their job in English.
9.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58
.
（be） previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
10.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The
GPNP 60
.
（design） to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整
性）of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind
precious natural assets（资产）for future generations".
11.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Henry 62
.
（fix）his car when he heard the screams. He looked up
and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 63
.
（throw）his tools aside, and started running,
arms out.
12.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how
hard it 6 1.
（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural
thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit
down to rest your aching legs.
13.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email.
One of the biggest companies I wrote to 6 3.
(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company representative
wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
14.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the
moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess —
6 1.
(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
15.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 to find and
study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
University, says, ＂because it 67
.
(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the
moon 68
.
(construct).＂
16.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the
beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62
.
(carry) special
significance. They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
17.（2020·全国三卷·高考真题）Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the
villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary( 传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66
(point) down the river.
18.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65
.
(report)
increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
19.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
70
.
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
20. （2019· 全国二卷· 高考真题）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene 64
.
（declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
21.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and
seeing my family and all the friends I 66
.
（make）over the years.
22.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.
They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared
many of their experiences and 65
.
（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.
23.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题） On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69
.
（invite）to
attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
24.（2018·全国一卷·高考真题）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64
.
(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
25.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the
country 61
.
（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62
.
past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
26.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government 68
.
(start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
27.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.
True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69
.
(mean) me no real harm.
28.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required to process the
food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64
(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.
29.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something
missing. Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67
(be) full of fat and salt;
by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
30.（2017·全国二卷·高考真题）Steam engines 65
.
(use) to pull the carriages and it must have
been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be
a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
31.（2017·全国二卷·高考真题）Later, engineers 68
.
(manage) to construct railways in a
system of deep tunnels（隧道）, which became known to the tube.
32.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）Sarah 63.
(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel
earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But
Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
33.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment,
school 69.________ (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is
a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”
【答案】
1. were 2.am supposed 3.are revealed，tries 4.is 5.walks 6.were 7.was built 8.wished 9.were
10.is designed 11.was fixing ，threw 12.was 13.was 14.touched 15.means，is constructed
16. carries 17.pointed 18.have reported 19.are 20.declared 21. have made 22.recommended
23.were invited 24.is 25.has grown 26.started 27.meant 28.are removed 29.is 30.were used
31.managed 32.has been told /was told 33.comes
【详解】
1.were 考查谓语动词。空白处在从句中作谓语，主语为transportation and communication，指两种事物，
为复数;at that time 表明本句描述的是过去的情况，需用一般过去时，故填were。
2. am supposed 考查谓语动词。be supposed to do sth 是定搭配，意为“应该做某事”。根据空白处前的
Now 可知，应用一般现在时，主语是I，故填 am supposed.
3. 第一空是 are revealed 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处前是主语，空白处作谓语。本段和上
一段都是围棋选手Wang Wei 讲述围棋能体现选手性格，用的皆为一般现在时。主语The players’
personalities 是复数形式，与reveal 之间是被动关系，故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are
revealed.
第二空是 tries 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处作谓语。根据空白处前的always 以及本段和上
一段中的时态均为一般现在时可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语A decent winner 为单数，与try 之间是主
动关系，故填tries。
4.is 考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词。本句描述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在
时。主语The“sunshine scent”是单数，且根据空白处后的 one of them 可知填is。
5.walks 考查谓语动词。纵观全句，没有谓语动词，故此处应填谓语动词。句子的主语是the Silk Route
Garden，与walk
“
”
是主动关系，指的是花园通过其设计和布局，使游客能够体验或走过一段受古代丝绸之
路影响的旅程，walk 在此为及物动词。整个段落用的是一般现在时来描述the Glasshouse
和the Silk Route
Garden 的特点和功能，因此，此处也应用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，故填walks。
6.were
考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，该句的主语为Some of the things,that
Tang was writing about 为定语从句，修饰先行词things;再根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事实，故应
填were。
7.was built 考查谓语动词。根据Two years later 可知，该句描述的是过去的事实，且句子主语pavilion 与
动词build 之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8.wished 考查谓语动词。根据空白处前As a little girl 及下文的when I grew up 可知，本句时态为一般过去
时，因此该空应填wish 的过去式。
9.were 考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少定语从句中的谓语动词，先行词是areas，又因空
后为previously(以前，先前)，故此处应用一般过去时的复数形式were，表示过去某个时间存在的状态。
10.is designed 考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，因主语the GPNP 与动词design 之
间为动宾关系，且句子陈述的是现在的状态，因此此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
11.第一空是was fixing 考查谓语时态。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词，根据句型be
doing....when....可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描还的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。第二
空是threw 考查谓语时态。 提示词是动词，谓语主语he 之后，根据逗号后and started running 可知，设空
处应填谓语时态，and 连接两个并列的谓语时态，故应填过去时threw。
12.was 考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。
13.was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从
句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数
名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
14.touched 考查谓语动词时态。Last week 作时间状语表明事件发生在过去，故应用touch 的过去式
touched; touch down 为固定搭配，意为“着陆，降落”。
15.第一空是means 考查主谓一致。主语it 为第三人称单数，因此谓语动词应用means.
第二空是is constructed 考查动词的被动语态，句意为“这意味着我们有机会得知月球是如何被构建
的”，the moon 与construct 是被动关系，故应用被动语态。
17. carries 考查动词时态 根据空白处前面的This is 和下一句中的They represent 可知本句是一般现在
时，又根据 decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 是动名词短语作主语，是一个整体，谓语动词应该用第
三人称单数形式，因此此处填carries。
18. pointed 考查动词时态 根据全文动词时态可推测整个故事发生在过去，并由与之并列的谓语动词smiled
可知，此处应填pointed。
18.have reported 考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致 由in recent years 可知此处语境表示的是从过去某时
一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。
19.are 根据空白处前面的are 及空白处后面的is 和1ack 可知，本句是现在时态，又根据six，因此此处填
are。
20.declared 考查动词时态 Irene 的领奖发言是过去发生的事，另根据此空白处后面的过去式 had 和下文
Irene said 可知，此处用 declare 的过去式。名词plan 后接不定式作后置定语。
21. have made 考查动词时态及主谓一致 over the years 常与完成时连用，在此意为“(从过去某时到现在
的)多年来”。根据主句谓语动词love 的时态可知，定语从句的谓语动词make 应用现在完成式。
22.recommended 考查动词时态 全文是在叙述过去的情况，再根据空白处前面的并列的谓语动词 shared
可知，此处用recommend 的过去式recommended。
23.were invited 考查动词时态和语态 invite 和主语we 之间是被动关系，故用其被动语态，且全文是在叙
述过去的情况，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。
24.is 考查动词时态 本文讲述跑步的好处，用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的can't make 和 says
可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。
25.has grown 考查谓语动词时态 由Since 2011“自2011 年以来”可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间
开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时，且主语the country 是单数名词。
26.started 根据上下文可知作者在说2005 年发生的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。
27.meant 考查谓语动词(时态) 全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此谓语动词用一般过去时。
28.are removed 考查谓语动词 (一般现在时的被动语态) 文章描述的是客观事实，且主语 fat and salt 与
谓语动词 remove 为被动关系，因此此处应填 are removed。
29.is 考查谓语动词（一般现在时） 根据上下文可知，“快餐富含脂肪和盐” 是客观事实，且主语
Fast food 是第三人称单数形式，因此谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。
30.were used 考查谓语动词 (一般过去时的被动语态) 根据语境 “蒸汽机被用来拉动车厢”。文章叙述的
是过去的事，且主语 Steam engines 与 use 为动宾关系。
31.managed 考查谓语动词 (过去时) 根据上下文可知作者在描述过去的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。
32.has been told /was told 考查谓语动词（时态和语态） 此处意为 “萨拉被告知下一年她可能成为收入百
万美元的英国新超级模特”。主语 Sarah 与 tell 为被动关系，且描述的是过去的事实，也可能会对现在
造成影响，因此此处填 has been told /was told。
33.comes 考查动词时态 由 at the moment 可知，此处应用一般现在时。
二．非谓语动词
1.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar
calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56_____________
(hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as
other local festivals.
2. （2026· 全国一卷· 高考真题）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for
socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62
_____________(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands that serve steaming
dumplings and hot noodle soup.
3.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Before 64_____________ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh
fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets.
4.（2026·全国二卷·高考真题） At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still
64
(be)
early at 8 am. It’s time for my dan tian 65
(meet) another life force: coffee.
5.（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and
contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58
____
(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual
context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
6.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题） Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry
clothing, denying me the chance ____
6 2_
___
(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet
“sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
7.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt
____
6 5____
(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
8.（2024·全国一卷·高考真题）These sepals (萼片) open on warm days 58
(give) the inside plants
sunshine and fresh air. The design features ten steel “'sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). In cold
weather, the structure stays 59
(close) to protect the plants.
9.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s
Birthplace Garden in 4017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___
6 0___
(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
10.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said
Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___
6 3___
(find)the
connection between the two great writers.
11.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）___
6 4___
(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play
Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The
Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was
being performed.”
12.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）To eat one, you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole in it
first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot
soup explode on your tongue.
13.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）Shanghai may be the ____59____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
14. （2023· 全国一卷· 高考真题）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
____61____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
15.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left ______65______ (want) more next time.
16.（2023·全国二卷·高考真题）Not the pandas, even though the language used for the medical training
instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___ (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
17.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda
National Park（GPNP）.
56
（cover）an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National
Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant
number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas
under one authority 59 （increase）effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
18.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young
child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony（阳台）, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-
metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the
56
（fall）child.
19.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a
chair onto the balcony, and climbed up
59
（see）them. When he looked down, he accidentally
slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear
him.
20.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the
climb. It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the
temperature gets, the hotter the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60
（astonish）.
21.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how
hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way
up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63
（ache）legs.
22.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I've always loved the ocean. In the seventh grade,I started volunteering at the
Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 5 7
(think) it is food.
23.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I decided to do something ____
5 8____
(educate) people about this problem. I
held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I
learned of a company which used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
24.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I was so____
6 2____
(excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make
sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
25.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66
(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
26.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）They represent the earth 63
(come) back to life and best wishes for
new beginnings.
27.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Oranges: Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good
fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 65
(decorate) with red envelopes
and messages of good fortune.
28.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them
often in their homes and offices. Certainly during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are
associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy
68
(care) for and make great
presents.
29.（2020·全国三卷·高考真题）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67
(find) the well-known
painter. As the small boat moved, gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently
reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw
the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.
30.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64
(perform) consistently over a large area.
31.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61
（be）
Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm
daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les.
32.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared she had no
plans 65
（retire）from her 36-year-old business.
33.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题） She said, "We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a
call 68
( say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. But then we got an official letter and we
were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's wonderful.”
34.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）On our way to the house ，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help
wondering how long it would take 62
（get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
35.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private
concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， 70
（listen）to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
36.（2018·全国一卷·高考真题）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years
longer than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long
62
(see) the benefit. You may drink,
smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______63______ (die) early by running.
37.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题） Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow
corn instead of rice
64
(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water than rice and creates less
fertilizer(化肥) runoff.
38.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011,
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission( 排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon
dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70
(feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for
agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
39.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题） I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly
into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).
40.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.
True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of
this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay)and
watch.
41.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required
63
(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
42. （2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by
68
(eat) more fast food people will
get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
43. （2017·全国二卷·高考真题） It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This
included digging up the road,
63
(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
44.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is
looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not
spending half-term
61
(rest). Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as a model in New York.
45. （2017·全国三卷·高考真题）But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65
(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
【答案】
1.to be held 2.Drawn 3.heading 4. being；to meet 5.to present 6.to discover 7.left 8. to give ；closed
9..inspired 10.to find 11.Recalling 12.to bite 13.recognized 14.to be lifted 15.wanting 16.visiting
17. Covering ；to increase 18.falling 19.to see 20.astonished 21. aching 22. thinking
23.to educate 24.excited 25.to find 26.coming 27.decorated 28.to care 29. to find ；surrounding 30.to
perform 31.being 32. to retire 33.saying 34.to get 35.listening 36. to see ；dying 37.to improve
38. feeding
39. looking ； challenged 41.to stay 42.to process 43.eating 44.resting 45.to prove
【解析】
1.to be held 考查非谓语动词。It is +adj+for sb/ sth to do sth.为定句型，其中It 为形式主语，真正的主语为不
定式。空白处的逻辑主语them 指代daji，与hold 之间为被动关系(大集被举办)，需用不定式的被动形式，
故填to be held。
2.Drawn 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为line up，空白处应为非谓语，draw 与逻辑主语
they 之间为被动关系(他们被香味吸引)，需用-ed 形式表被动，空白处位于句首，故填Drawn。
3.heading 考查非谓语动词。Before 为介词，后接-ing 形式作宾语，故填heading。heading home 意为“回
家"。
4.第一空being 考查非谓语动词。空白处位于介词despite 之后，应用动名词，故填being。代词it 为其逻辑
主语，此处构成动名词的复合结构作介词despite 的宾语。
第二空to meet 考查非谓语动词。it is time for sb/sth to do sth 是定搭配，意为“是某人/某物该做某事的时
候了”，故填to meet。
5.to present 考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth 是固定搭配，故空白处填to present.
6.to discover 此处考查非谓语动词。chance 后接不定式作后置定语，the chance to do sth 意为“去做某事
的机会”。
7.left 此处考查非谓语动词。sheet or shirt 和 leave 是被动关系，故此处应用leave 的过去分词形式left 作
后置定语。left to sun 意为“被放在阳光下晒”。
8.第一个空是to give
“
此处考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示为了给......提供......"
第二个空是closed 此处考查词性转换。stays“
”
保持是系动词，后接过去分词形容词作表语，表示被动，故
填closed
“
”
，意为关闭的
9..inspired 此处考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为pavilion, 60 (inspire) by The Peory
Pavilion 作后置定语来修饰主语;又因主语pavilion 与动词inspire 之间为被动关系，故用动词-ed 形式，
inspired by
“
意为受......
”
启发。
10.to find 此处考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth
“
”
为固定搭配，意为对做某事感到惊讶。
11.Recalling 此处考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为Edmondson，谓语动词为said，故空白
处应填非谓语动词;又因主语Edmondson 与动词recall 之间为主动关系，故用动词-ing 形式作状语。
12.to bite 此处考查非谓语动词。whether todo sth 是固定搭配，意为“是否做某事”，作动词decide 的宾
语。
13.recognized 此处考查非谓语动词。recognize 和home 在逻辑上是被动关系，故此处应用recognize 的过
去分词形式recognized 作定语，意为“公认的”。
14.to be lifted 此处考查非谓语动词。allow sb/sth to do sth 是搭配,故空白处要用不定式作宾语补足语;宾语
them 指代xiao long bao，和lift 在逻辑上是被动关系，故此处应填to be lifted。
15.wanting 此处考查非谓语动词。该并列分句是leave sb doing sth 结构的被动式，leave 在此为使役动词，
意为“使处于(某种状态)”;逻辑主语I 和动词want 是主动关系，故应用动词-ing 形式作主语补足语。
16.visiting 此处考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空白处修饰名词Chinese zookeepers，且与其为逻辑
上的主动关系，故应用动词-ing 形式作定语，visiting 表示“访问的”。
17.第一空是Covering 此处考查非谓语动词。... Yellowstone National Park 在句中作状语，主语the GPNP 与
动词cover 为主动关系，因此此处应填动词-ing 形式 covering。
第二空是 to increase 此处考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了提高”。句意为:
该计划将把保护范围扩大到很多以前未受保护的区域，这样许多现有的大熊猫保护区就被纳入了统一管
理，从而能提高效率，减少管理混乱。
18.falling 考查非调语动词。句中的held out 为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意可知child
和fall 之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。应该使用现在分词作定语。
19.to see 考查非谓语动词。句中的climbed up 为谓语动词试,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。据句意，他要
爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们),故应该使用to do 动词不定式作目的状语。
20.astonished 考查形容词。此处说明“us”的状态，所以用astonished。
21. aching 考查非谓语动词。修饰legs 用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。
22.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结
构，____
57
____
(think)it is food.用作状语，think 与其逻辑主语many sea animals 之间是主动关系，用现在
分词，所以填thinking。
23.考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____3____ (educate)
people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
24.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was 之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用
v+ed 形式的过去分词做表语，所以填excited。
25.to find 此处考查动词句型use sth to do sth (用某物做某事)。
26.coming 谓语动词represent 的宾语是带逻辑主语的动名词短语，the earth 是动名词coming 的逻辑主语。
27.decorated 此处是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰them,them 指代 orange trees,decorate sth with sth 是固定
搭配，意为“用......装饰......”，them 与decorate 为被动关系，因此此处应填decorated。
28.to care 该句为"be easy to do(sth)”结构,主语they 指代 bamboo plants。
29. 第一空是to find 此处用不定式表示目的;set out to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“着手、开始做某事”
第二空是surrounding 非谓语动词作动词 saw 后的宾语补足语，clouds 和surround 为主动关系，故用
surrounding。
30.to perform 该句为“be+形容词+不定式”结构，主语methods 与谓语动词perform 为被动关系，但用不
定式的主动式作状语。又如:Very large hotels are expensive to build and operate.
31.being 考查非谓语动词，动名词做宾语, 介词后应用动词的-ing 形式作宾语。
32. to retire 考查非谓语动词，名词plan 后接不定式作后置定语。
33.saying saying she was short-listed 为动词-ing 短语，在作 call 的后置定语，相当于定语从句which
says...;名词call 与动词say 为主动关系，故用动词-ing 形式。
34.to get 分析句子结构可知，it takes+ 时间+to do sth 中，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
35.listening 考查非谓语动词做伴随状语，主语we 与listen 为主动关系，故用动词-ing 作状语。
36.第一空是to see 考查非谓语动词，不定式做目的状语。 根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间
地跑”，to see 作目的状语。
第二空是dying 考查非谓语动词，动名词做宾语，介词后应用die 的动名词形式dying。
37.to improve 根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的
状语。
38. feeding when/while+ 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于 when/while。
39.第一空是looking 考查非谓语动词(动名词) avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为“避免做
某事”，第二空是challenged 考查非谓语动词(过去分词) 主语he 与challenge (对......挑战)为被动关系，
故用过去分词表被动。
41.to stay 考查非谓语动词(动词不定式) allow sb to do sth 是定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应
填to stay。
42.to process 考查非谓语动词 (动词不定式) 根据语境 “需要它们（脂肪和盐）来处理食物” 和关键词
“required” 可知，此处应填 to process。
43.eating 考查非谓语动词 (动名词) “by + 动名词” 作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐，人们将
摄入超过他们饮食所需的更多的盐和油脂”。
44.resting 考查非谓语动词 此处意为 “16 岁的萨拉在学期中间的假期时间里没有休息”。spend some
time doing sth 意为 “花费时间做某事”。
45.to prove 考查非谓语动词 (动词不定式) want to do sth 意为 “想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。
