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专题三 名词 1 69
专题三 名词
学生用书P278
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TheamazingscenerymakestheLi River awell⁃knowntouristdestinationin Guangxi.
􀪍作􀪍主􀪍语􀪍 作动􀪍􀪍词􀪍的􀪍宾􀪍语 作􀪍定􀪍语􀪍􀪍作􀪍宾􀪍语􀪍􀪍补􀪍足􀪍语 作􀪍介􀪍词􀪍的􀪍宾􀪍语
漓江迷人的风光使其成为广西一个著名的旅游目的地
。
The combination of carbon and oxygenforms the compoundcarbon dioxide.
􀪍􀪍􀪍作􀪍主􀪍语􀪍􀪍 􀪍􀪍作􀪍􀪍介􀪍词􀪍的􀪍宾􀪍语􀪍􀪍􀪍 作􀪍动􀪍词􀪍􀪍的􀪍宾􀪍语􀪍􀪍􀪍作􀪍同􀪍位􀪍语􀪍􀪍􀪍
碳和氧化合生成化合物二氧化碳
。
学生用书P279
1 可数名词变复数
( )规则变化
1
情况 构成 示例
一般情况 加⁃s 熟人acquaintance acquaintances 展示display displays
→ →
方法approach approaches 碰撞crash crashes
加⁃es → →
病毒virus viruses 箱子box boxes
以⁃s ⁃x ⁃ch ⁃sh
、 、 、 → →
等结尾的词
如果词尾的⁃ch
胃stomach stomachs
发/k/音 加⁃s →
,
以辅音字母
将y变为i加⁃es 发现discovery discoveries 设施facility facilities
加⁃y结尾的词 → →1 70 5年高考3年模拟 B版 英语(教师用书)
续表
情况 构成 示例
加⁃s 工作室studio studios
→
以⁃o结尾的词 加⁃es 英雄hero heroes 土豆potato potatoes 西红柿tomato tomatoes
→ → →
加⁃s或⁃es均可 座右铭motto mottos/mottoes 火山volcano volcanos/volcanoes
→ →
将f或fe
刀knife knives 小偷thief thieves 狼wolf wolves
变为v加⁃es → → →
以⁃f或⁃fe
结尾的词
海湾gulf gulfs 悬崖cliff cliffs 屋顶roof roofs
加⁃s → → →
首领chief chiefs 信仰belief beliefs 证据proof proofs
→ → →
( )不规则变化
2
变化方式 示例
鹿deer 绵羊sheep 方式means 飞机aircraft
单复数同形 工厂works 系列series 物种species 头数head
中国人Chinese 日本人Japanese 瑞士人Swiss
脚 英尺foot feet 牙齿tooth teeth 鹅goose geese
变内部元音 , → → →
老鼠mouse mice 男人man men 女人woman women
→ → →
词尾加⁃ren/⁃en 孩子child children 公牛ox oxen
→ →
危机crisis crises 基础basis bases 分析analysis analyses
→ → →
特殊名词变化 数据datum data 细菌bacterium bacteria 校友alumnus alumni
→ → →
标准criterion criteria 现象phenomenon phenomena
→ →
( )复合名词复数变化规则
3
情况 构成 示例
讲故事的人storyteller storytellers
有其他词位于中心 →
只有中心名词 旁观者bystander bystanders
名词前后修饰中心 →
变复数 总编辑editor⁃in⁃chief editors⁃in⁃chief
有中心
名词 →
路人passer⁃by passers⁃by
名词
→
man/woman 中 心 men/women 中 男教师man teacher men teachers
+ + →
名词 心名词复数形式 女医生woman doctor women doctors
→
成年人grown⁃up grown⁃ups
在最后一个词 →
无中心名词 离家出走者runaway runaways
词尾加⁃s →
勿忘草forget⁃me⁃not forget⁃me⁃nots
→
( )复数形式具有特殊意义的名词
4
单数形式 复数形式 单数形式 复数形式
custom风俗 customs海关 spirit精神 spirits情绪 心境
,
good好处 goods货物 water水 waters水域
manner态度 方式 manners礼貌
,
2 表示名词的量的短语
a good/great many... a great/large number of... scores/dozens/hundreds/thousands/
只能修饰可数名词复数的短语 ( )
millions of...
只能修饰不可数名词的短语 a great deal of a bit of an amount of/amounts of
既能修饰可数名词复数又能
plenty of a lot of/lots of a variety of/varieties of a quantity of/quantities of
修饰不可数名词的短语专题三 名词 1 71
3 名词所有格
( )形式
1
形式 基本用法 示例
名词末尾加⁃􀆳s 多用于表示有生命的人或动物 child􀆳s play轻而易举 Uncle Tom􀆳s Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋
《 》
介词of加名词 多用于表示无生命的东西 the top of a house房顶 the title of the passage该章节的题目
( )⁃􀆳s所有格的构成
2
情况 构成 示例
单数名词/不以⁃s结尾的复数名词 加⁃􀆳s the men􀆳s lavatory男厕所
以⁃s结尾的复数名词 加⁃􀆳 thestudents􀆳 readingroom学生阅览室
复合词或名词短语 在最后一个词后加⁃􀆳s her brother⁃in⁃law􀆳scar她姐夫的汽车
复合不定代词 else 在else后加⁃􀆳s somebodyelse􀆳spossessions别人的财产
+
易错易混 Tom􀆳s and Jack􀆳s rooms Tom􀆳s room and Jack􀆳s room(Tom和Jack各自的房间)
=
Tom and Jack􀆳s room(Tom和Jack共有的房间)
知识拓展 双重所有格
如果被修饰的名词是不确定的,表示其中的一个或几个,且其前有a(an)、some、many、any、no等限定词,其后通常要用双重所有
格形式,即of 名词所有格/名词性物主代词。
+
Some friends of my sister􀆳s will join us in the game.我姐姐的一些朋友将和我们一起玩游戏。
4 常考的名词后缀
后缀 意义 示例
表示动作 结果或状态 marriage婚姻 shortage短缺 storage储藏
⁃age 、
表示处所 地点 cottage村舍 orphanage孤儿院 passage走廊
、
用于动词后 表示过程或
⁃al , arrival到达 proposal建议 revival复苏
状态
来自 的人 擅于
⁃an ⁃ian …… ; …… Egyptian埃及人 librarian图书管理员 physician医师
, 的人
⁃ance/ence
, 表示性质或状态 performance表演 expectancy预料 tendency趋势
⁃ancy/ency
⁃ant 表示人 applicant申请人 assistant助手 consultant顾问
⁃ar/er/or 表示人或物 liar说谎者 recorder录音机 visitor参观者
⁃cy 表示性质或状态 accuracy精确 privacy隐私
⁃dom 表示状态 身份或领域 freedom自由 kingdom王国 wisdom智慧
、
表示受动者 与 有关
⁃ee 、 …… employee雇员 refugee难民
的人
⁃ful 表示 充满 的量 handful一把 的量 mouthful一满口 的量
“ …… ” ( ) ( )
⁃hood 表示状态 性质或时期 childhood儿童时代 neighbourhood街区 临近的地方
、 ;
⁃ion ⁃sion/tion 表示行为或状态 expression表达 accommodation住处 application申请
,
表示行为 结果或状态
⁃ism 、 、 criticism批评 heroism英勇表现 realism现实主义
品质
表示从事某种职业或研究
⁃ist novelist小说家 socialist社会主义者 specialist专家
的人 某种主义者或信仰者
,
⁃ive 表示 能 做某事的人或物 detective侦探 representative代表
( )
⁃ment 表示行为或结果 achievement成就 commitment保证 development发展1 72 5年高考3年模拟 B版 英语(教师用书)
续表
后缀 意义 示例
⁃ness 表示状态 性质或结果 awareness意识 loneliness孤独
、
⁃ i ty ⁃ality/ility
( ) , , 表示状态或行为 anxiety焦虑 stability稳定性 responsibility责任
⁃ability/ibility
表示状态 性质 品质 friendship友谊 hardship艰苦 relationship关系
⁃ship 、 、
表示地位 资格 职位 championship冠军 leadership领导 membership会员
、 、
⁃th 表示性质 动作或过程 depth深度 growth成长 strength力量
、
⁃ure 表示行为 过程或结果 exposure暴露 mixture混合
、
学生用书P282
1. Follow⁃up studies with the children later in life showed a of them. ( 北京,B)
2023
connect between an ability to wait long enough 8. 答案 opportunities
( )
to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. 9. For a very long moment this tiny create looked
, ( )
( 浙江一考,D) into my eyes turning her head from side to side.
2024 ,
1. 答案 connection ( 浙江一考,读后续写)
2023
2. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful 9. 答案 creature
substance from some sludge 污泥 . 10. Students will work in groups to complete four
( ) ( )
( 新课标 ,B) assignment during the course. ( 新高考 ,A)
2023 Ⅰ ( ) 2022 Ⅰ
2. 答案 substances 10. 答案 assignments
3. In more technical terms the wise of crowds 11. Early last year I was troubled by an anxious
, ( ) , ( )
requires that people􀆳s estimates be independent. that crippled 削弱 my ability to do anything.
( )
( 新课标 ,D) ( 北京,B)
2023 Ⅰ 2022
3. 答案 wisdom 11. 答案 anxiety
4. The program aims to help students develop science skills 12. Staff members hold plenty of bar event for
, ( )
environmental aware and healthy lifestyles. guests like free shots bar crawls and karaoke.
( ), ,
( 新课标 ,B) ( 新高考 ,A)
2023 Ⅱ 2021 Ⅰ
4. 答案 awareness 12. 答案 events
5. Writing is one of humanity later achievements 13. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural
( ) ,
anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate 有文字的 societies reference making his tale a well⁃rounded
( ) ( ),
recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. picture of Uzbekistan seen from Western eyes.
,
( 全国乙,D) ( 新高考 ,C)
2023 2020 Ⅰ
5. 答案 humanity􀆳s 13. 答案 references
6. What we discovered is that it􀆳s unwise to judge what you eat 14. According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer
only by its appear . ( 全国甲,完形填空) Research both the size and consume habitsof
( ) 2023 , ( )
6. 答案 appearance our eating companions can influence our food intake.
7. Eachweek participate willbeaskedtocomplete ( 新高考 ,D)
, ( ) 2020 Ⅰ
a topic⁃specific reflection task. ( 北京,A) 14. 答案 consumption
2023
7. 答案 participants 15. Then I would try to remember the different
possession I supposedly had taken away since I seldom
8. Ratherthansettingplansinstone I􀆳velearnedthatsometimesI
( ) —
,
actually kept them. ( 新高考 ,B)
need to take the opportunity that are offered 2020 Ⅱ
( ) ,
15. 答案 possessions
even iftheydon􀆳tsoundperfectatthetime andmakethemost
,
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋
学生用书P283
16. In the case of the bamboo it serves as an emblem 象征 of 16. 答案 strength
, ( )
modesty and mental strong . 17. It reflected the global recognize of Hong Kong
( ) ( )
( 河北邯郸第三次调研)
2024
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋专题三 名词 1 73
cinema which has been an important force in the film world. tourism and other industry and brings vitality
, ( ),
( 浙江杭州二中首考热身考) to the development between these two countries.
2024
17. 答案 recognition ( 湖南张家界二模)
2024
18. The Chinese film market has experienced a noticeable 29. 答案 industries
recover this year. ( 甘肃一模) 30. The naturally⁃flowing strokes a product of his outstanding
( ) 2024 ,
18. 答案 recovery skills and the inspire of the moment have led
( )
19. The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges the Preface to the Poems Collected from the Orchid
“
that tookplaceover century ontheancientSilk Pavilion to be regarded widely as the best semi⁃cursive
( ) ”
Road. ( 湖南新高考教学教研联盟一模) calligraphy 行书 work ever. ( 河南南阳一模)
2024 ( ) 2024
19. 答案 centuries 30. 答案 inspiration
20. Her propose might beoneofthemosteffective 31. The Siberiantigeristhelargestofalltigers. Anadultmalecan
( )
ways to help resolve the problem. ( 广西一模) grow up to . meters in long and weigh as
2 9 ( )
2024
20. 答案 proposal much as 300 kilograms. ( 2024 浙江宁波十校二模)
31. 答案 length
21. It vividly illustrates the process of historical development
,
32. The traditional tea⁃making in China is a whole system
which is the ultimate goal of historical research and
involving knowledge skills and practices about the
archaeological explore . ( 四川南充二诊) , ,
( ) 2024 manage of tea plantations picking of tea
21. 答案 exploration s ( ) ,
( ) leaves manual processing drinking and sharing of tea.
22. After the complete of the Tianwen mission , , ,
( ) Ⅰ , ( 四川成都二诊)
China will also plan a number of Tianwen series of planetary 2024
32. 答案 management
exploration missions to explore the vastness of space.
33. As a major means of internal communication today it has
( 河南TOP二十名校质检一) ,
2024 played an important role in ensuring the prosperity and
22. 答案 completion
stable of China over the ages.
23. Created in Chinese Language Day was designated to ( )
2010, ( 安徽淮北一模)
celebrate multilingualism and cultural diverse 2024
( ), 33. 答案 stability
and promote the equal use of the six official languages within
34. Leung will play a scientist and work with a top film
the United Nations. ( 江苏南通海门第二次调研)
2024 produce to show a story across different
23. 答案 diversity ( )
countries. ( 浙江杭州二中首考热身考)
24. She shows us through her actions that regardless of the 2024
34. 答案 producer
circumstances as long as you have determination and
, 35. The system using domestic software and hardware supports
, ,
persevere you can definitely achieve success.
in⁃orbit software reconstruction flexible deployment of core
( ),
,
( 湖南长沙雅礼中学月考七) network functions and automated management enhancing the
2024
,
24. 答案 perseverance efficiency and reliable of the in⁃orbit operation
( )
25. Through the Asian Games Hangzhou􀆳s green and high⁃tech of the satellite core network.
,
development concepts served as models for other cities in ( 江苏南通如皋 月适应考)
2024 2
China which also showed the country􀆳s 35. 答案 reliability
,
commit to low⁃carbon and innovation⁃driven development. 36. Besides its effective in fighting Mizong Quan
( ) ( ) ,
( 河南新乡一模) also focuses on developing the mind and body.
2024
25. 答案 commitment s ( 安徽A 联盟质量检测)
( ) 2024 10
26. The Village Basketball Association has sparked a trend of 36. 答案 effectiveness
organizing village basketball events across the country 37. Packaging and delivery companies have branch
, ( )
reflecting the enthusiastic of the Chinese in the Dounan Flower Market and they can ensure quick
( )
people for grassroots sports. ( 江西赣州一模) delivery of the flowers. ( 云南二模)
2024 2024
26. 答案 enthusiasm 37. 答案 branches
27. This increases stability but also adds flexible 38. With a total area of hectares and . percent forest
, ( ) 43,411 94 5
to the architecture strong enough to resist earthquakes. cover thisnaturereserveishometomanyrare
, ( ),
( 贵州六校联盟联考三) and endangered species. ( 湖北十一校第二次联考)
2024 2024
27. 答案 flexibility 38. 答案 coverage
28. Speciesaredisappearingataratemuchfasterthanthatmillions 39. Among the Han people which make up a vast majority of
,
of years ago with up to one million species on the edge of China total population the passage into
, ( ) ,
extinct . ( 湖南岳阳一模) adulthood is no longer celebrated except in those very
( ) 2024 ,
28. 答案 extinction traditional families. ( 湖南长沙雅礼中学月考八)
2024
29. The railway not only further facilitates the flow of people and 39. 答案 China􀆳s
trade between China and Laos but promotes the recovery of 40. One of the most notable example of China􀆳s
, ( )
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋1 74 5年高考3年模拟 B版 英语(教师用书)
digital preservation effort is the Dunhuang Mogao Cave temperature could lead to an explosion.
Project the goal of which is to create a digital profile of the 42. 答案 Failure
,
Mogao Caves with the help of D scanning and virtual reality 43. My name is Mireya Mayor. I􀆳m a science who
3 ( )
software. ( 东北三省三校一模) studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
2024
40. 答案 examples 43. 答案 scientist
41. They were widely read by people and contained philosophical 44. At the begin written Chinese was a picture⁃
( ),
ideas historyandviewpointsabouthumansocietythatdefined based language.
,
part of the worldviews of the scholar and the 44. 答案 beginning
politics which had a significant effect on the development 45. The th Asian Games have integrated Hangzhou􀆳s rich
( ), 19
of Chinese societies in past eras. historical heritage surging innovate vitality
, ( ),
41. 答案 politician and distinct value pursuit into various aspects.
42. fail to keep the chemical at the right 45. 答案 innovation
( )
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋