专题10 谓语动词和非谓语动词
考点分
类
十年考情（2017-2026）
命题规律
考点01
动词时
态、语
态及主
谓一致
（谓语
动词）
1. 考查频率：十年全国各卷持续考查，每套试
卷稳定 1–2 空，语法填空有提示词核心考点；
2. 核心考查内容：三大基础时态（一般过去、
一般现在、现在完成）为主，搭配被动语态综合
考查，穿插主谓一致陷阱；3. 语篇题材：传统
文化、中外文学、生态保护、航天科技、生活记
叙、农业环保；
4. 出题形式：全部为给出动词原形，要求变形
谓语动词。
1. 时态依托文本整体时间语境判断，不局
限单一时间标志词；
2. 语态高频结合一般过去时，多用于历史
建造、事件、邀请类场景；
3. 主谓一致常设置 as well as 就远原
则、定语从句先行词单复数等易错点；
4. 命题融合传统文化、生态文明等时代素
材，时态 + 语态复合型题目逐年增多。
考点02
非谓语
动词
1. 考查频率：十年全卷年年必考，单卷 2–3
空，是语法填空分值占比最高考点；
2. 三大形式均衡考查：不定式 to do 占比最
高，其次现在分词 doing、过去分词 done；3.
常见结构：介词后动名词、分词作状语、不定式
作目的 / 定语、形容词后不定式；
4. 语篇覆盖国风集市、饮食文化、熊猫保护、
中外戏剧、环保纪实等。
1. 解题核心：区分逻辑主语主动 / 被
动、动作先后关系；
2. 功能侧重：状语（目的、原因、伴随）
考查最多，定语、宾补为辅；
3. 固定搭配集中：hope to、chance to、
be easy to、介词 + doing 等高频句式；
4. 长难句嵌套非谓语成为常态，文本贴合
中国文化、社会热点命题。
一．谓语动词--动词时态，语态及主谓一致
1.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）As transportation and communication 59
. _____________ (be) underdeveloped at
that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities.
2.（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force.
Now,
I
60
.
(suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian.
3.（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）“The players’ personalities 60
.
(reveal) during the game, and
one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 61
. __
__
(try) to
beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
4.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题） Over time, I’ve found myself feeling extremely at home here. And in the
process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent ( 香味)” of freshly sunned
clothes
6 1 .
(be) one of them.
5.（2024·全国一卷·高考真题）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60
.
(walk) visitors
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to
Britain for the first time. These plants included modern Western favourites such as rosemary, lavender and
fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.
The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
6.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they
could never have met, there are common themes in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the
Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___
5 8_
__
(be)also
Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some
ways to Romeo and Juliet.”
7.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s
Birthplace Garden in 4017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 6 1_
__
(build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
8.（2023·全国二卷·高考真题）So, what are they learning? Basically, how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an
honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I
_65_
___
(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the
panda keepers do their job in English.
9.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58
.
（be） previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
10.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The
GPNP 60
.
（design） to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整
性）of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind
precious natural assets（资产）for future generations".
11.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Henry 62
.
（fix）his car when he heard the screams. He looked up
and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 63
.
（throw）his tools aside, and started running,
arms out.
12.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how
hard it 6 1.
（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural
thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit
down to rest your aching legs.
13.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email.
One of the biggest companies I wrote to 6 3.
(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company representative
wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
14.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the
moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess —
6 1.
(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
15.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 to find and
study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
University, says, ＂because it 67
.
(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the
moon 68
.
(construct).＂
16.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the
beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62
.
(carry) special
significance. They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
17.（2020·全国三卷·高考真题）Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the
villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary( 传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66
(point) down the river.
18.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65
.
(report)
increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
19.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
70
.
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
20. （2019· 全国二卷· 高考真题）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene 64
.
（declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
21.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and
seeing my family and all the friends I 66
.
（make）over the years.
22.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.
They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared
many of their experiences and 65
.
（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.
23.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题） On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69
.
（invite）to
attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
24.（2018·全国一卷·高考真题）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64
.
(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
25.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the
country 61
.
（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62
.
past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
26.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government 68
.
(start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to
farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
27.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.
True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69
.
(mean) me no real harm.
28.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required to process the
food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64
(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.
29.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something
missing. Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67
(be) full of fat and salt;
by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
30.（2017·全国二卷·高考真题）Steam engines 65
.
(use) to pull the carriages and it must have
been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be
a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
31.（2017·全国二卷·高考真题）Later, engineers 68
.
(manage) to construct railways in a
system of deep tunnels（隧道）, which became known to the tube.
32.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）Sarah 63.
(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel
earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But
Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
33.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment,
school 69.________ (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is
a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”
二．非谓语动词
1.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar
calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56_____________
(hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as
other local festivals.
2. （2026· 全国一卷· 高考真题）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for
socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62
_____________(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands that serve steaming
dumplings and hot noodle soup.
3.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Before 64_____________ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh
fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets.
4.（2026·全国二卷·高考真题） At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still
64
(be)
early at 8 am. It’s time for my dan tian 65
(meet) another life force: coffee.
5.（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and
contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58
____
(present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual
context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
6.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题） Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry
clothing, denying me the chance ____
6 2_
___
(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet
“sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
7.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt
____
6 5____
(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
8.（2024·全国一卷·高考真题）These sepals (萼片) open on warm days 58
(give) the inside plants
sunshine and fresh air. The design features ten steel “'sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). In cold
weather, the structure stays 59
(close) to protect the plants.
9.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s
Birthplace Garden in 4017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___
6 0___
(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
10.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said
Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___
6 3___
(find)the
connection between the two great writers.
11.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）___
6 4___
(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play
Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The
Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was
being performed.”
12.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）To eat one, you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole in it
first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot
soup explode on your tongue.
13.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）Shanghai may be the ____59____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
14. （2023· 全国一卷· 高考真题）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
____61____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
15.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left ______65______ (want) more next time.
16.（2023·全国二卷·高考真题）Not the pandas, even though the language used for the medical training
instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___ (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
17.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda
National Park（GPNP）.
56
（cover）an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National
Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant
number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas
under one authority 59 （increase）effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
18.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young
child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony（阳台）, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-
metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the
56
（fall）child.
19.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a
chair onto the balcony, and climbed up
59
（see）them. When he looked down, he accidentally
slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear
him.
20.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the
climb. It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the
temperature gets, the hotter the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60
（astonish）.
21.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how
hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way
up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63
（ache）legs.
22.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I've always loved the ocean. In the seventh grade,I started volunteering at the
Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 5 7
(think) it is food.
23.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I decided to do something ____
5 8____
(educate) people about this problem. I
held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I
learned of a company which used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
24.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I was so____
6 2____
(excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make
sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
25.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66
(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
26.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）They represent the earth 63
(come) back to life and best wishes for
new beginnings.
27.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Oranges: Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good
fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times 65
(decorate) with red envelopes
and messages of good fortune.
28.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them
often in their homes and offices. Certainly during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are
associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy
68
(care) for and make great
presents.
29.（2020·全国三卷·高考真题）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67
(find) the well-known
painter. As the small boat moved, gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently
reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw
the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.
30.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only
since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64
(perform) consistently over a large area.
31.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61
（be）
Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm
daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les.
32.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared she had no
plans 65
（retire）from her 36-year-old business.
33.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题） She said, "We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a
call 68
( say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. But then we got an official letter and we
were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's wonderful.”
34.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）On our way to the house ，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help
wondering how long it would take 62
（get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
35.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private
concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， 70
（listen）to musicians and meeting
interesting locals.
36.（2018·全国一卷·高考真题）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years
longer than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long
62
(see) the benefit. You may drink,
smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______63______ (die) early by running.
37.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题） Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow
corn instead of rice
64
(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water than rice and creates less
fertilizer(化肥) runoff.
38.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the
government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011,
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission( 排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon
dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70
(feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for
agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
39.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题） I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly
into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).
40.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.
True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of
this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay)and
watch.
41.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required
63
(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
42. （2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by
68
(eat) more fast food people will
get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
43. （2017·全国二卷·高考真题） It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This
included digging up the road,
63
(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
44.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is
looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not
spending half-term
61
(rest). Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as a model in New York.
45. （2017·全国三卷·高考真题）But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65
(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
