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考点分类练(十二) 主旨大意题(3)
Passage 1 (2024 湖南衡阳二模)
主题:人工智能 词数:371 难度:★★★☆☆
With artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic technology improving at impressive
rates,there are some who worry that there’s a risk of artistic and creative people being
replaced.A new study by the Korean Institute of Industrial Technology,however,is showing
exactly why that can’t and shouldn’t happen.It all started when the South Korean company
posed this question:Can robots replace conductors?
Over a year ago,work to develop automaton (自动化) began.At first,it was designed like
a machine,and didn’t live up to expectations.Then the company sought ways to improve it.In
the end,it was given two arms with joints to copy wrists and elbows,allowing it to move a
stick similarly to how a human conductor would move it.It was named the EveR 6 robot,and
stands at 1.8 meters.It was finally time to figure out how it could follow through on its
musical role.
“We got involved in this project to see how far robots can go in more creative fields like
the arts,and what the challenges are,” Dong-wook Lee,a senior researcher at the Korean
Institute of Industrial Technology said.
In order to pull this off,Dong-wook Lee cooperated with the Busan Philharmonic
Orchestra.The 12-minute piece they planned to perform,“Feel” by Il-hoon Son,was created
specifically for this event.It was created with the strengths of both EveR 6 and the human
conductor,Soo-yeol Choi,in mind.
To pull off this impressive performance,the robot was preprogrammed to conduct
through 30 cycles of beat patterns.Meanwhile,it was up to the human conductor to lead the
orchestra in creating an improvisational (即兴的) score,adding depth to the otherwise
planned piece.
Together,they pulled off a masterful performance that the audience seemed more than
happy to have had the opportunity to witness it first-hand!
With the concert having gone so well,this is only the start of EveR 6.Still,no matter the
improvements they’re able to make to this Android robot,the human conductor isn’t
concerned about being replaced.
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“Let’s leave the accuracy to the robots,” Soo-yeol Choi said,“but the musical and artistic
aspects to a human conductor.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着人工智能(AI)和机器人技术以
惊人的速度发展,一些人担心艺术和创意人才有被取代的风险。然而,韩国工业技术研究
所(Korean Institute of Industrial Technology)的一项新研究恰恰说明了为什么这不能也不
应该发生。
1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The function of the EveR 6 robot.
B.The development of the EveR 6 robot.
C.The EveR 6 robot’s role as a conductor.
D.The difficulty in designing the EveR 6 robot.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的“Over a year ago,work to develop
automaton...and stands at 1.8 meters.”可知,第二段主要讲述了EveR 6 机器人的研发过程。
2.What can be learned about “Feel”?
A.It is a piece familiar to the audience.
B.It is a piece showing the human-robot cooperation.
C.It is the only piece that EveR 6 will perform.
D.It is a piece requiring great ability to conduct.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“The 12-minute piece they planned to
perform,‘Feel’ by Il-hoon Son,was created specifically for this event.It was created with the
strengths of both EveR 6 and the human conductor,Soo-yeol Choi,in mind”可推知,“Feel”是
一个展示人机合作的作品。
3.What role did Soo-yeol Choi play in the performance?
A.He corrected the robot’s mistakes.
B.He programmed the EveR 6 robot.
C.He led the improvisational section of the performance.
D.He was the main conductor of the Busan Philharmonic Orchestra.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Meanwhile,it was up to the human conductor to
lead the orchestra in creating an improvisational score,adding depth to the otherwise planned
piece.”可知,他在表演中指挥演出的即兴部分。
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4.What is Soo-yeol Choi’s attitude towards EveR 6?
A.Unclear.
B.Uncaring.
C.Supportive.
D.Doubtful.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Let’s leave the accuracy to the robots,’Soo-
yeol Choi said,‘but the musical and artistic aspects to a human conductor.’可推知,Soo-yeol
Choi 对这个机器人持支持的态度。
Passage 2 (2024 山东枣庄二模)
主题:聊天机器人 词数:312 难度:★★★☆☆
Even if you haven’t held a conversation with Siri or Alexa,you’ve likely encountered a
chatbot online.They often appear in a chat window that pops up with a friendly
greeting:Thank you for visiting our site.How can I help you today? Depending on the site,the
chatbot is programmed to respond accordingly and even ask follow-up questions.
Chatbots are a form of conversational AI designed to simplify human interaction with
computers.They are programmed to simulate human conversation and exhibit intelligent
behavior that is equivalent to that of a human.
Chatbots communicate through speech or text.Both rely on artificial intelligence
technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP),which is a branch
of artificial intelligence that teaches machines to read,analyze and interpret human
language.This technology gives chatbots a baseline for understanding language structure and
meaning.NLP,in essence,allows the computer to understand what you are asking and how to
appropriately respond.
With developments in deep learning and reinforcement learning,chatbots can interpret
more complexities in language and improve the dynamic nature of conversation between
humans and machine.Essentially,a chatbot tries to match what you’ve asked to an intent that
it understands.The more a chatbot communicates with you,the more it understands and the
more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions.Your positive
responses reinforce its answers,and then it uses those answers again.
From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes,chatbots have
started to enter our lives.In almost every industry,companies are using chatbots to help
customers easily navigate their websites,answer simple questions and direct people to the
relevant points of contact.Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a
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wide range of scenarios and queries,from current weather and news updates to personal
calendars,music selections and random questions.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了聊天机器人的工作原理和应用。
5.Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa in paragraph 1?
A.To explain how a chatbot works.
B.To show where to find a chatbot.
C.To give examples of chatbots.
D.To compare different chatbots.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Even if you haven’t held a conversation...Thank you
for visiting our site.”可知,作者在第一段提到了Siri 和Alexa 是给出聊天机器人的例子。
6.What is the basis of chatbots?
A.Language study.
B.Data transmission.
C.Social interaction.
D.Natural language processing.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like
machine learning and natural language processing (NLP)”可知,聊天机器人的基础是自然语
言处理。
7.What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Inspire.
B.Strengthen.
C.Organize.
D.Match.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据上文“The more a chatbot communicates with you,the more it
understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar
questions.”以及下文“then it uses those answers again.”可知,“Your positive responses
reinforce its answers”表达的意思是“你的积极回应强化了它的答案”,画线词reinforce
与strengthen“巩固,强化”意思一致。
8.What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A.The future trend of chatbots.
B.The author’s predictions.
C.The effects of chatbots.
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D.The applications of chatbots.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知,最后一段主要讲关于聊天机器人的应用。
Passage 3 (2024 湖南娄底一模)
主题:快时尚企业衣服生产过剩 词数:369
难度:★★★★★
The impact of fast fashion on the environment is significant.Recently Zara,one of the
largest fast-fashion retailers (零售商) in the world,put forth a concept that only sustainable
fabrics are used in clothing production.But how can Zara ever be sustainable? They produce
around 450 million garments (衣服) a year and release 500 new designs a week,about 20,000
a year.Zara’s fast-fashion model has been so successful that it has inspired an entire industry
to follow them.
Clothing production doubled from 2012 to 2022.The average consumer bought 60
percent more clothing in 2022 than in 2012,but kept each garment half as long.And less than
one percent of all clothing produced globally is recycled.
I spend a lot of time reading the corporate social responsibility reports of large brands
and interviewing micro-to-small sized enterprises to see how they approach
sustainability.The largest significant difference between them is culture.
Small brands focus on creating a culture of sustainability by using strategies like
producing made-to-order,so they are not making more than what is sold.Most small brands
are opting to work under an “anti-fashion calendar”.They choose not to follow the intense
seasonal calendar that fashion functions under.They do this because waste is one of their
biggest concerns.They also design clothing to be of the highest quality,ensuring durability
and longevity,so you may keep it longer.
Fast fashion is a “grow or die” business,and the fast-fashion growth model used by all
large companies is predicated on limitless growth.Large global corporate retailers are not
seeking to change their fundamental business model or create cultures of sustainability.That
would require re-working their entire business structure and ultimately hurt their bottom
line.
I would start to believe Zara and other large fashion brands had good intentions to fight
climate change if they started to look at how to move away from their continuous offerings of
weekly new products.They need to introduce alternative sustainable business model
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practices.One small step could be to offer repair or tailoring services.Tailoring creates clothes
that fit perfectly,subsequently increasing their emotional value,so that we love them and keep
them longer.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍快时尚企业生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,
不符合可持续发展,希望他们能引入可持续发展的商业模式。
9.What does the author intend to show with the numbers about Zara in paragraph 1?
A.Zara is not eco-friendly.
B.Zara is popular with consumers.
C.Zara is a large fast-fashion retailer.
D.Zara is a success in fashion industry.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But how can Zara ever be sustainable...an entire
industry to follow them.”可知,Zara 每年生产过量的衣服,破坏生态环境,不符合可持续发
展,也就是说Zara 不环保。
10.Which of the following shows a cultural feature of small brands?
A.Designing clothing as needed.
B.Designing clothing seasonably.
C.Producing clothing as needed.
D.Producing clothing seasonably.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Small brands focus on creating a culture of
sustainability by using strategies like producing made-to-order,so they are not making more
than what is sold.”可知,小品牌不会超量生产,也就是按需求生产衣服。
11.What does the underlined part “bottom line” in paragraph 5 relate to?
A.The fast-fashion retailers.
B.The profits from fast fashion.
C.The culture of sustainability.
D.The relationship with consumers.
答案 B
解析 词句猜测题。根据“Fast fashion is a ‘grow or die’ business...ultimately hurt their
bottom line.”可知,快时尚增长模式如果调整业务结构,会损害它们本身的利益。
12.What does the last paragraph focus on?
A.How to make consumers love their clothes.
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B.How to make consumers buy less clothing.
C.How large fashion brands offer weekly new products.
D.How large fashion brands improve their services.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知,作者建议快时尚品牌引入可替代的可持续商业
模式,提供修理或剪裁服务,也就是让消费者少买衣服。
