清单05 定语从句和名词性从句
专题01 定语从句
一.关系词一览表
1.关系代词一览表
关系代词
先行词
句法功能
who
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose(=of whom/of
which)
人或物
定语
that
人或物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
which
物
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
2.关系副词一览表
先行词
关系副词
在从句中的作用
与“介词＋关系代词”的关
系
表示时间的名词：time，day，year
等
when
作时间状语
＝at/in/on/during which
表示场所的名词：park ，place ，
country，house 等
where
作地点状语
＝in/at/to/on which
表示原因的名词：reason
why
作原因状语
＝for which
二.关系词使用情况
1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that 不用which 的情况
(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very 等修饰时。
(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
(5)主句的主语是疑问词who 或which 时。
If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it to you. (不定代词) 如果我遇到你可能感兴趣
的东西，我会发给你的。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. (the only) 他的房子失火后，那辆
旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。
When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water.(序数词) 说到济南，首先想到
的就是泉水。
My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(人+物)
我母亲和她的老朋友们谈论着他们在学校里记得的人和事。
2.只用which 不用that 的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
(3)先行词本身是that 时。
(4)关系代词后有插入语时。
Crusoe’s dog, which was very old, became ill and died. 克鲁索的狗很老，生病死了。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在讲的那本参考书。
3. as 与which 在非限制定语从句中的区别
关系词
位置不同
表意不同
as
既可以放在主句前，也可以放
在主句后，有时还可插入主句
中
意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用
see，know，expect，say，mention，report 等
which
通常放在主句之后
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China. 众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆一次又一次上学迟到，
这使他的老师很生气。
附录：
常用as 的结构：as anybody can see ，as we all know ，as we expected ，as is reported ，as has been
announced，as is often the case，as 常常位于句首。
4. whose 引导的非限制性定语从句修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人
时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly built cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place
for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，它的墙壁被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，这真是一
个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
5.关系副词使用的特殊情况
(1)有时先行词是表示抽象地点的名词，像activity，business，career，case，job，point，position，race，
stage，situation 等，当从句中缺少状语时，用关系副词where。
(2)先行词occasion 意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
(3)当先行词way 意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that，in which 或省略关系词。
I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.我记得他很少
有因为健康不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。
Taking her with me on official occasions where many important figures are present has been a challenge.
在很多大人物到场的正式场合带上她对我而言是一种挑战。
It’s not what you say；it’s the way(that/in which) you say it.问题不在于你说什么，而在于你怎么说。
三.介词＋关系词
1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：一先二动三意义
(1)依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定；
(2)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定；
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I had saved.
我买了很多书，花光了所有的积蓄。
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
没有它我们就不能生存的无色气体叫氧气。
四.定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的
谓语动词用单数。
The car that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台车是国产的。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复
数，但当one 前有the、the only、the very 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who has made great progress.他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进
步的学生。
五.易混辨析
定语从句与并列句
两个句子之间若有and，but，so 等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要
再填引导词。
定语从句与独立主格结构
定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓
语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。
定语从句与地点状语从句
定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是
先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
定语从句与时间状语从句
定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行
词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。
定语从句与结果状语从句
在the same...as...与such...as...结构中，as 引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的
成分；such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，that 在从句中不作成分。
定语从句与主语从句
定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定
语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于
一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
定语从句与强调句型
强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was 和
that/who 在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但
是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不
完整了。
【温馨提示】名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
Do you know where will the party be held？(×)
Do you know where the party will be held？(√)
1.(2025 天津高考第一次)Within several months, Daniel helped raise $20,000, _______ a clinic was set up in
Kenya.
A. with whom
B. for whom
C. with which
D. for which
2.(2025 天津高考第二次)The Stone Age is the name given to the time over 2,000,000 years ago, _______ life
was very different from today.
A. why
B. which
C. when
D. where
3.(2025 新高考I 卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or
weiqi in Chinese, _______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
4.(2025 新高考Ⅱ卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family,
_______ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains.
5.(2025 浙江1 月)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, _______ she
plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a
longer-term rental period.
解题三步走
第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。
第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关
系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)
第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。
专题02 名词性从句
一. 名词性从句连接词一览表
引导词
功能
从属
连词
that
在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义
whether, if
在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”
because, as if/though
在从句中不作任何成分，分别意为“因为”
“好像”
连接代词
who(ever), whom(ever),
what(ever), whose,
which(ever)
who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语
或表语；
whom(ever)在从句中作宾语；
which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语；
whose 在从句中作定语
连接副词
when(ever), where, wherever,
why, how(ever)
在从句中作状语
二. 名词性从句连接词用法辨析
1. what 与that 的辨析
that
从属连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。
what
连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语或表语。也可以表示相当于“名
词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”的结构,意思是“所……的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s)
that/which...。
I think that it is a popular book. 我认为这是一本受欢迎的书。
I believe what/ the thing(s) that/ which he said because he is an honest man.我相信他说的话，因为他是
个诚实的人。
【温馨提示】that 不可省略的两种情况
(1)that 引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that 引导表语从句时；that 引导同位语从句时；当it 作形式宾语，
that 引导的从句作真正的宾语时。
(2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that 可省略，其他的that 不可省略。
She said (that) her ambition was to enter a key university，that she would study hard to make her dream
come true，and that she would live up to her parents’ expectations.她说她的志向是考上一所重点大学，她会
努力学习，实现自己的梦想，不辜负父母的期望。
2. whether 与if 的用法
Whether/if 可互换
引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可使用；it 作形式主语，且主语从句在句
末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
用whether 不用if 互
换
引导主语从句置于句首时；引导表语从句和同位语从句时；引导介词的宾语从句
时；引导词与or not 连用时；引导词后接to do 时；有些动词如discuss，decide 等后
的宾语从句。
The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master.
问题是，技术将成为我们的仆人还是主人。
He often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father.
他常常怀疑自己是否够格做父亲。
3. what，who，which 与whatever，whoever，whichever 引导名词性从句的辨析
what，who，which
what 引导名词性从句意为“什么”，带有疑问意味；意为“……的事情”，表
示肯定的意思。who 意思是“谁”，带有疑问意味；which 意思是“哪一个”，
带有疑问意味
whatever
，
whoever
，
whichever
whatever，whoever，whichever 意思分别为“所……的一切事或东西”，“任
何……的人”“……的任何一种东西”等，并且充当成分，相当于anything
that，anyone who 等。
I doubt who will win the match.
我疑惑谁将赢得这个比赛。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人将获得金牌。
4. That was why…/ That was because/ The reason was that…/ Why… was that… 辨析
That was why…
那就是……的原因，强调结果
That was because…
那是因为……，强调原因
The reason was that…
句子的主语为the reason 时，表语从句用that 引导，表示原
因，此时不用because。
Why… was that…
由why 引导的从句作主语时，表语从句用that 引导
I had a cold.That was why I didn’t attend school. 我感冒了，因此我没去上学。
I didn’t attend school. That was because I had a cold. 我没去上学，那是因为我感冒了。
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。
Why we decided to put off the match was that the weather was too terrible. 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是
天气太糟糕了。
5. as if/though 引导的表语从句
as if/though 引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be 等后面，从句中既可以用虚拟语气，
也可用陈述语气。
It sounds as if somebody is knocking at/on the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。
She treats him as if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人。
附录：
1.It+be+名词+从句
It is a fact that... 事实是……
It is good news that... ……是好消息
It is a question that... ……是个问题
It is common knowledge that... ……是常识
类似的可用于该结构的词还有:a pity、a wonder、a good thing、no wonder、a surprise 等。
2.It+be+形容词+从句
It is necessary that...有必要……
It is clear that... 很清楚……
It is likely that... 很可能……
It is important that... 重要的是……
类似的可用于该结构的形容词还有:strange、natural、obvious、true、good、wonderful、possible、unlikely、
unusual、certain、evident、worthwhile、surprising、interesting、astonishing 等。
3.It+be+过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It has been proved that...已证明……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
类似的可用于该结构的过去分词(词组)还有:known、estimated、expected、believed、thought、hoped、
noted、discussed、required、decided、suggested、demanded、made clear、found out 等。
1.(2025 天津高考第一次)_______he managed to finish the marathon inspired his classmates to push their limits in
sports.
A. What
B. That
C. Whether
D. When
2.(2025 天津高考第二次)Knowing _______ your weakness lies is one of the first and most challenging steps in
learning to manage yourself.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. where
解题三步走
第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。
第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从
句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词。指物用what，whatever；指人用who，whoever。
第三步：如果不缺少主语或宾语，要看从句是否有疑问。如果没有疑问用that，有疑问则根据句意使用
when，where，why，how，whether 等。
时间：10 分钟 满分：18 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1.(2026 年天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷(一)Marie Curie, the pioneering scientist, lived in an era _______
life was very different from today.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whose
2.(2026 届天津蓟州区上仓中学高考模拟试卷英语试题(一)There is no experience you can have _______ is
more exciting than going bungee jumping.
A. as
B. what
C. that
D. which
3.(2026 年天津市静海区第一中学第二学期第一次适应性检测高三英语试题)I honour endurance, perseverance,
industry, because these are the means _______ men achieve great ends.
A. by which
B. for which
C. in which
D. to which
4.(2026 届天津市南开区南开中学2026 高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)Their usual behavior reminded me of the fact
that the best relationship is one _______ your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
A. which
B. that
C. in which
D. when
5.(2026 届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)Scott’s team reached the Pole on 17 January 1912,
_______ they were soon shocked to come across the Norwegian flag put by Amundsen’s team.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
6.(2026 届天津市东丽区2026 届高三质量调研试卷(一)The coach clearly explained _______ they would be able
to secure a victory in the final match next Sunday.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. when
7.(2026 年天津市部分区高三质量调查试卷(一)The most valuable lesson from this experience is _______ those
mistakes, if acknowledged, are potential stepping stones to growth.
A. whether
B. what
C. that
D. how
8.(2026 届天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)Architectural design often pushes the boundaries of _______
people think possible, either in technology or in art.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. which
9.(2026 届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)They didn’t discover until they happened to enter
the room _______ the painting had been stolen.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. where
10.(2026 届天津市南开区南开中学高考英语首考冲刺练习(一)After the exhausting journey, the explorer
recorded in his notebook ________ he had seen and experienced in the mysterious valley.
A. how
B. which
C. what
D. whether
二. 单句语法填空
1.( 2025-2026 学年天津市三校联考第二学期高三一模)REM is a crucial sleep stage _______ is important for
brain health and for helping enhance memory.
2.(2026 届天津市第四十七中学高三年级第二学期考前测试)Because there was no formal system to record trees’
survival rate, scientists launched a science project, _______ was aimed at recording it across the country.
3.( 2025-2026 学年天津市滨海新区紫云中学下学期高考一考模拟)Galileo made many discoveries, _______
which the most important is the discovery that the Earth moves around the Sun.
4.( 2025-2026 学年天津市河西区第二学期高三年级总复习质量调查(一)After years of hard work, she has
finally reached a point in her career _______ she needs to make a crucial decision about her future path.
5.( 2025-2026 学年天津南开中学高三年级下学期第四次质量检测)The company’s profits could fall sharply this
quarter, in ________ case we might have to freeze hiring.
6.(2025-2026 学年度湖南长沙市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学下学期高三英语周测)_______ struck me most
was such plain warmth.
7.(2025-2026 学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03 月测试(一)The idea _______ we can use
light to record sound dates back to the 19th century.
8.(2025-2026 学年河南信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三下学期03 月测试(二)This is consistent _______
findings from other studies, which identify adult nature connectedness as the strongest predictor of _______ a child
will become close to nature.
时间：10 分钟 满分：16 分 得分：_______
一. 单项选择
1. There are plans to introduce flying taxis _______ will be stationed on rooftops around busy cities.
A. that
B. where
C. when
D. as
2. You should stop in at one of the many coffeehouses and enjoy the charming atmosphere, _______ San
Franciscans love to do most.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. whose
3. The factory _______ we visited last month is one of the leading production bases for new energy vehicles in
North China.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. what
4. Self-discipline is all _______ it takes to make yourself a better person.
A. what
B. how
C. which
D. that
5. Dawson is always in pursuit of perfection. That’s why he has higher goals _______ others may have been
satisfied.
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. which
6. It remains unclear _______ the 2026 Spring Festival Gala powered by AI, will bring to the audience in terms of
artistic expression and cultural communication.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. whether
7. There is no doubt that _______ parents behave in the family has a great effect on their children’s physical and
mental development.
A. which
B. what
C. how
D. where
8. —What makes you so upset?
—_______ I have misplaced my passport before the trip.
A. Because
B. As
C. Since
D. That
二. 单句语法填空
1. The job interview is a situation _______ you can show your personal ability and professional skills to the
employer.
2. The sharing economy provides a platform _______ which we can rent out our spare rooms or unused items to
others.
3. My favorite place in the whole city was the Sempere Bookshop on Sant Ana, _______ owner would let me sit
in a corner and read any book I liked to my heart’s content.
4. Beijing is an ancient city, _______ is famous for the Great Wall.
5. As we know, Lost in Thailand is a very successful movie, the cost of _______ is only 30 million yuan.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. whom
6.
People today watch mobile phone more than they buy books, which is _______ they understand visual
information far better than written information.
7. As I got older, trips back to Thanet opened my eyes to _______ I had left behind.
8. Make sure _______ you are making accommodations through _______(reputation) sites for travel.
