第02 讲 阅读7 选5——记叙文
目录
01
考情解码·命题预警
2
02 体系构建·思维可视.................................................................................................................................................3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚.................................................................................................................................................4
考点一 考查根据逻辑关系解题.....................................................................................................................4
知识点 记叙文特征.............................................................................................................................................4
考向突破 考查根据逻辑关系解题......................................................................................................................4
考点二 利用指代一致解题.....................................................................................................................................6
知识点 指代一致.................................................................................................................................................6
考向突破 指代一致.............................................................................................................................................6
考点三 考查利用词汇线索解题..............................................................................................................................8
知识点 词汇线索...................................................................................................................................................8
考向突破 考查利用词汇线索解题....................................................................................................................8
04 真题溯源·考向感知..............................................................................................................................................9
阅读7 选5 之记叙文
年份
卷别
体裁
类别
主题
段首
段中
段尾
选项特指
字数
2025
全国I 卷
记叙文
人与社会
热爱事业的咖啡馆员
工
4
1
完整句
254+85
全国II 卷
说明文
人与社会
一家人一起参加志愿
服务
2
2
1
完整句
247+83
2024
新课标I 卷
说明文
人与自我
使用英语词典的心得
1
4
0
完整句
273+61
新课标II 卷
说明文
人与社会
如何避免过度性旅游
1
3
1
完整句
259+52
2023
新课标I 卷
说明文
人与自我
学会自我原谅的办法
0
4
1
完整句
247+82
新课标II 卷
说明文
人与社会
开启艺术之旅的建议
1
3
1
完整句
261+63
2022
新课标I 卷
说明文
人与社会
如何找到健身伙伴
0
4
1
完整句
257+76
新课标II 卷
说明文
人与社会
写文章好修改技巧
1
4
0
完整句
237+74
2021
新课标I 卷
记叙文
人与社会
巴黎一周生活经历
1
4
0
完整句
270+83
新课标II 卷
说明文
人与社会
提高阅读速度建议
1
2
2
完整句
250+75
2020
新课标I 卷
记叙文
人与社会
公开演讲的一些原则
1
3
1
完整句
235+73
考情分析：
1．从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：记叙文通常以记人叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物
发展变化为主要内容。记叙文包含时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，常用的记叙顺序有顺叙、
倒叙、插叙，表达方式有叙述或夹叙夹议。
2．从命题思路上看：选项设置上以上下文的过渡衔接和连贯为主，要求考生能理清记叙顺序和故事发展的
过程与结构。
预计2026 年有可能考查记叙文。复习过程中要熟练掌握记叙文的命题特点和解题方法，做到成功应对
说明文阅读填空。
复习目标
1.掌握记叙文的结构特点和命题形式。
2.掌握记叙文阅读填空的解题思路和技巧。
考点一 考查根据逻辑关系解题
知识点 记叙文特征
高考七选五中所选用的记叙文通常以记人、叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容。记
叙文包含时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素；常用的记叙顺序有顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙和分
叙；表达方式有叙述、描写、夹以议论、说明和抒情。在阅读七选五中，记叙文体裁的，在选项设置上以
上下文的过渡衔接和连贯为主，要求考生能理清记叙顺序和故事发展的过程与结构(弄清事情的起因、经过
和结果尤为重要)。
记叙文的阅读一要抓住时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，二要弄清记叙的顺序，三要把
握好人物的情感和态度。如果记叙中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。在阅读解题时，首先
要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个时间、地点、人物，理清起因、
经过和结果；然后阅读选项，弄清事情的起因、经过和结果，根据故事发展的线索、事物的先后顺序、指
代、同词重现等下上文信息确定答案。
根据逻辑关系解题
1.“语篇结构”关系
阅读七选五的体裁的解题要从语篇上记叙文的六要素(时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果)，理清记
叙顺序和故事发展的过程与结构(弄清事情的起因、经过和结果尤为重要)，关注上下文的过渡衔接和连
贯，进而比对选项确定答案。
2.借助“解释例证”关系
段落行文中的后文对前文或解释说明或举例佐证。
3.“转折让步”关系
段落行文中的后句与前句构成逻辑上的转折关系或前句与后句构成逻辑上的让步关系。
4.“层层推进”关系
段落行文中的前句与后面的数句在某种意义上层层推进，一层更进一层，即通常所说的“递进”。
5.“原因结果”关系
段落行文中的前句与后句之间构成前因后果或者前果后因的关系。
6.“齐头并进”关系
段落行文中的句子与句子之间齐头并进互不相属形成并列关系，用来说明同一个问题。
考向 考查利用逻辑关系解题
例1 因果关系
(2025 年全国I 卷)
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a
student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science
major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____19_____ “Catherine always has a huge
smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
例2 根据时间先后顺序解题
（2010 辽宁卷）
At first I was paid in candy.
2
I worked every day after school, and during the summer
and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account.
A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.
B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.
C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.
D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.
E. My grandma’s trust taught me ow to handle responsibility.
F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.
G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.
【变式训练·变载体】
One Second Every Day
I’ve been in advertising for eight years and used to work a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous
projects.
1
One day I watched a talk called “The power of time off”. It’s about how every seven years,
the speaker takes a year off from work so he can do his own creative projects.
2
I decided I had to do
that. I need to take time to start my own creative ideas.
The first project ends up being something I call “One Second Every Day”. Basically I record one second of
every day for the rest of my life, combining these moments into one single continuous video until I can’t record
them anymore. 3 There’re many things I have no recollection of unless someone brings them up, and I
think, “Oh, that’s something I did.”
4
On a good day, I’ll have maybe four seconds I want to choose. I’ll just have to narrow them down
to one, but even narrow them down to that one allows me to remember the other three anyway.
I don’t use any filters (滤镜), just trying to catch the moment as much as possible as it is. I started a rule of the
first person view. Early on, I thought I should have a couple of videos where people would see me, but I realized
that wasn’t the way to go.
5
The project has many possibilities. I encourage you all to record just a small piece of your life every day, so
you can never forget that day and treasure every moment.
A．It instantly inspired me.
B．The purpose is to remember what I’ve done.
C．I’m always energetic when doing things I love.
D．People might have different interpretations of it.
E．It’s difficult, sometimes, to pick that one second.
F．But I never had time for one I wanted to work on on my own.
G．The essence of my project should be recording the thing as I actually see it.
考点二 利用指代一致解题
指代一致：句子中的代词与上下文的名词之间存在一致的指代关系。通过仔细分析空白
处前后的名词，可以明确这种指代关系，从而确定正确选项。
考向 考查指代一致
例1(2020·浙江卷)
I experienced years of loneliness as a child.
31
His friends teased him about babysitting his
sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to
spend hours by myself.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
例2（2017•高考卷）
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37
We slept in a
tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit
with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill
for my son's food poisoning.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·浙江省嘉兴地区5 月高三模拟）
What I learned watching dentist at work
I would like to be a dentist in the future. 1 The patient, tender dentist comforted me, a 7-year-old girl
at the time, and persuaded me to stop crying and to accept my treatment.
2 Recently, our teacher gave us the homework of experiencing a kind of job on the weekend. I chose
without hesitation to live a day as a dentist at my friend’s older brother’s workplace.
I got to Dr Tan’s clinic at 7:45 am, 15 minutes before office hours began on Saturday. Dr Tan, who has been a
dentist for five years, sat in his consulting room with a mask on his face and waited for his patients. I didn’t really
understand his diagnoses or treatments, but I could see that Dr Tan was a responsible doctor. He explained
conditions and therapies ( 治疗方案) to patients at length to remove their doubts. He paused operations to let
patients rest if the treatment was taking too much time. 3 Dr Tan worked for almost the whole morning
without a break. He only made a phone call to his wife to remind her to have an antenatal (产前) examination. Yes,
he will be a father in five months, but he still cannot keep his wife company at the weekend. 4 They try to
ease others’ pain anytime and anywhere, despite the cost to their own time and life.
As the last patient said goodbye to Dr Tan in the afternoon, my visit came to an end. I now feel that I
understand more about doctors. 5
A．My dream has finally come true.
B．They are the heroes I admire most.
C．Doctors are ordinary people, yet they are also angels.
D．It helps me to reduce stress, find friends and learn new skills.
E．I thought it was a dream that was almost impossible to fulfill
F．That’s all because of a dentist I came across during my childhood.
G．He also gave a doctor’s advice to his patients carefully before they went out the door.
考点三考查利用词汇线索解题
1.同畴词
从词汇线索上判断
——
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的
特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题
2.代词指代
从词汇线索上判断
——
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样
的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
3.同义词/近义词
从词汇线索上判断
——
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一
个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的
同义/近义词。
考向 考查利用词汇线索解题
例（2021•全国I 卷）
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked.
___37___Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French.
That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【变式训练·变载体】（2025·湖北省武昌区高三下学期5 月质量检测）
Even as a child, I was always goal-directed. Every January 1st, I would dutifully sit down and write out my
resolutions for the upcoming year: lose 50 pounds, run a marathon, have a picture-perfect home! Oh, and be the
best parent ever who never yelled at my children!
1
By every March, I fall trapped in a cycle of ambition
and guilt.
Everything changed when I faced consistent battles with breast and appendix cancer. That’s right: two
different cancers, with two different treatment plans, at the same time, in the same body.
2
And I won’t
lie -the next year was incredibly difficult.
Experiencing dual treatments taught me profound lessons. 3 Simply waking up cancer-free
became my definition of triumph. Where I once measured success by completed checklists, I now found victory in
my children’s laughter or sunlight filtering through hospital blinds.
I abandoned traditional resolutions by realizing that big goals invite big failures. Instead, I adopted a “mini-
mission” approach.
4
For example, rather than aiming for daily gym marathons, I committed to 20-
minute walks three times weekly.
The magic lies in accumulated progress. After mastering basic nutrition goals (five vegetable servings daily),
I added hydration targets (replacing soda with herbal tea). This gradual method even helped me conquer the fearful
rowing machine -a feat (壮举) I’d previously considered impossible.
5
My only “resolution” last year was avoiding medical deductibles (免赔额) through sustained
small health habits. To my delight, it worked not through extreme measures, but through the snowball effect of
mini-achievements.
A．It was a lot to deal with.
B．Immediate results often mask long-term costs
C．Survival reshaped my understanding of success.
D．External pressures weaken self-improvement efforts.
E．Tiny achievable steps replaced monumental demands.
F．Piled accomplishments build sustainable transformation
G．In practical terms, my grand plans frequently backfire psychologically.
1.【2025·全国I 卷】
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that, and
more. _____16_____
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly
what they order. She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. _____17_____ As the customer
grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello, how is your day?” Even when the line is getting longer,
she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. _____18_____
“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said. Being a
mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a
student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. Joanna Wright, a senior political science
major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. _____19_____ “Catherine always has a huge
smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. _____20_____ She has every intention of staying and continuing
doing what she loves.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
2.【2021 年新高考全国
卷】
Ⅰ
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing
we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to
leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 )
worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in
perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a
couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like
cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some
groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed
they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The
French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a
group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
