X2 Unit5 复习导学案（一）
【学习目标】
1. Learn to deal with an emergency situation.
2. Write a story about first aid.
【必备短语】
1．first-aid ___________ 急救技能
2．___________ donation 器官捐赠
3．nuclear _____________ 核辐射
4．_________ soils 酸性土壤
5．the top _________ of the skin 皮肤的表层
6．a _________ of the war 一名战争受害者
7．___________ the table 在桌子下面
8．__________ the burnt area 包扎烧伤部位
9．a social ___________ programme 一项社会福利计划
10．____________ on the sofa 倒在沙发上
11．live in a wealthy _________ of Chicago 住在芝加哥郊区的一处富人区
12．get a gym _____________ 获得健身房会员资格
【必备单词】
1．__________['maɪnə(r)] adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数派；少数人；少数民族
→(反义词)major adj.主要的；重要的；大的；严重的→majority n．大部分；大多数
2．__________[ɪ'lektrɪk] adj.电的；用电的；电动的→electricity n．电→electrical adj.电的；与电有关的
→electronic adj.电子的
3．__________[swel] vi.(swelled, swollen)膨胀；肿胀→swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
4．___________[nɜːv] n．神经→nervous adj.紧张的
5．__________[luːs] adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosen v．(使)放松，变松；解开→loosely adv.宽松地；
松散地；不精确地
6．_____________['præktIkl] adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的→practically adv.实际上；几乎→practice
n．练习；实践 v．练习
7．__________[taIt] adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地→tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固
地；紧密地→tighten v．(使)变紧，更加牢固；使更加严格；加强
8．___________['dʒʌstIfaI] vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由→justice n．公正；正义
→justified adj.有合理解释的
9．_________['fɒɡi] adj.有雾的→fog n．雾
【小试牛刀】
1．Your skin _____________(充当) a barrier against disease and the sun's rays.2．Burns are divided into three types, ________________(取决于) the depth of skin damage.
3．Your skin is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your ___________________(触觉)．
4．The discovery of the new evidence __________(导致) the thief's being caught.
5．To _________________(确保) that he was at home, I called him up in advance.
6．Teenagers who are addicted to the Internet are more likely to ____________(患……病) depression.
7．With the help of Tom's friends, he was able to ___________________________(帮助汤姆站起身来)．
8．He was driving along the road when a boy fell off a school bus, _______________________(面朝下)．
X2 Unit5 复习导学案（二）
【语法指导】
一、v.-ing形式的时态、语态及意义
时态 语态 意义
与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作
主动式doing
同时发生或基本上同时发生
一般式
被动式 与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动
being done 作同时发生
主动式 与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语
having done 动作发生
完成式
被动式 与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语
having been done 动作发生
◆The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里到处都是人，他们在阳光下玩得很愉快。
◆Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。
[即时演练1]——单句语法填空
(1)________________________(tell) many times，he still made the same silly mistake.
(2)__________________(do) quite well in the exam, he came back home, relaxed and smiling.
二、v.-ing形式作状语
v．-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随、结果、让步情况等。
1．时间状语
v．-ing形式作时间状语时，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，
有时可由连词when、while、after引出。
◆Hearing the bad news that his father passed away, he burst into tears.
＝When he heard the bad news that his father passed away, he burst into tears.
听到他父亲去世的消息时，他突然哭了起来。
2．原因状语v．-ing形式作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，可以与as、since、because等引导的原因状语
从句转换。
◆Being so excited, he couldn't go to sleep that night.
＝As he was so excited, he couldn't go to sleep that night.
由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着。
3．条件状语
v．-ing形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句，可以与if、unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。
◆Working hard, you will succeed.
＝If you work hard, you will succeed.
努力工作，你将会成功。
4．方式或伴随状语
v．-ing形式作方式或伴随状语时，表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，不可以转换成从句，但可以
转换成并列句。
◆The teacher stood there, reading a newspaper.
＝The teacher stood there, and read a newspaper.
老师站在那里，读着报纸。
5．结果状语
v．-ing形式作结果状语时，表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，
有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。
◆The hospital has recently obtained some new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.
＝The hospital has recently obtained some new medical equipment, which allows more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。
6．让步状语
v．-ing形式作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，可以与 although、though引导的让步状语从句
转换。
◆Having failed many times, he didn't lose heart.
＝Though he had failed many times, he didn't lose heart.
尽管失败了许多次，他仍然没有失去信心。
1．v.-ing形式作状语时， 其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致；如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构表示，也
就是在前面加上它的逻辑主语。
◆Spring coming, the field is full of life.
春天来了，田野充满生机。
◆The teacher being ill, the lecture was put off.
老师病了，讲座被推迟了。
2．固定的v.-ing形式作状语
高中阶段有一些固定的v.-ing形式，如generally speaking(一般来说)、judging from... (根据……来判断)、
considering...(考虑到……)、supposing... (假如……)等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这类词或短语可以被称之为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。
◆Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada.
从他的口音来看，他一定来自加拿大。
◆Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.
考虑到他是那么穷，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。
[即时演练2]——句型转换
(1)When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
→________________________, she remembered her childhood.
(2)Because I don't know his address, I can't send this book to him.
→_____________________________, I can't send this book to him.
(3)If you use your head, you'll have a good idea.
→______________________________, you'll have a good idea.
三、v.-ing形式作主语
v．-ing形式可以在句中作主语，此时也可称为动名词。
◆Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
◆Being blamed for the breakdown of the computer made me quite frustrated.
由于电脑坏掉而受到指责使我非常沮丧。
v．-ing形式在句中作主语时，常用 it作形式主语，而把v.-ing形式放在句后。常用句型：It is＋no
use/no good/fun... ＋doing sth.。
◆It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
◆It’s no good playing computer games too much.
玩太多的电脑游戏没好处。
[即时演练3]——单句语法填空
(1)_______________(work) with Jane in the same office helped me to get a good understanding of her independent
working style.
(2)It's no use ________________(complain) without taking action.
(3)______________________(invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.
四、v．-ing形式作表语
v．-ing形式作表语说明主语的性质特征或具体内容。常见的有 moving、interesting、encouraging、
exciting、inspiring、boring、surprising、puzzling、amusing、astonishing等。
◆The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
◆Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.
你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
◆Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[即时演练4]——单句语法填空
(1)Going into hospital can be very ________________(frighten) for a child.
(2)Henry's job is ______________________________(teach) physics in a local middle school.
(3)Your task is ______________(clean) the old car over there on your own.
五、v.-ing形式作宾语
v．-ing形式既可作动词宾语，又可作介词宾语。
1．v.-ing形式作动词宾语
◆I hope you will consider travelling to China when you are free.
我希望你在有空的时候考虑来中国旅行。
2．v.-ing形式作介词宾语
◆He insisted on settling the conflict in a peaceful way.
他坚持以和平方式解决冲突。
◆I am looking forward to being admitted to a key university.
我盼望着被一所重点大学录取。
口诀记忆只跟v.-ing形式作宾语的动词
避免错过少延期(avoid、miss、postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest、finish、practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy、imagine、can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit、deny、envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape、risk、excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand、keep、mind)
[即时演练5]——单句语法填空
(1)The key to _______________(solve) the problem is to meet the demand made by the customers.
(2)He devotes himself to ____________(look) into the matter.
(3)She likes spending much money ___________(buy) clothes for herself.
六、v.-ing形式作宾语补足语
v．-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示一个正在进行的主动动作或一种状态，作宾语补足语的 v.-ing形式
与其前的宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系。
1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词， 即“感官动词(组)”， 常见的有see、hear、feel、smell、find、notice、
observe、look at、listen to等。
◆I saw the little boy crying there.
我看到那个小男孩正在那儿哭。
◆When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
当我们回来时，我们发现一个陌生人站在房子前面。v．-ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别
在see、hear、feel、watch、notice等感官动词后，既可用v.-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不带to的
不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。
(1)用v.-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行
◆He saw a girl getting in the car at that time.
那时他看见一个女孩正在上车。
(2)用不带to的不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。
◆He saw a girl get in the car.
他看见一个女孩上了车。
2．表示“叫、让、使”等指使意义的动词，即“使役动词”， 常见的有have、set、keep、get、leave等。
◆It's very cold. We should have the fire burning all the time.
天很冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。
◆We can't have the young man speaking to his mother in such a rude manner.
我们不能让那个年轻人用如此无礼的方式跟他的母亲说话。
3．用于“with复合结构”中，其结构和表示意义如下：
with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)；
with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)；
with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来)。
◆With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。
[即时演练6]——单句语法填空/句型转换
(1)I felt someone ___________(pat) me on the shoulder.
(2)When he passed the swimming pool, he saw someone ______________(swim) in it.
(3)I heard Mary ___________(sing) a song in the next room last night.
七、v.-ing形式作定语
v．-ing形式作后置定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示被修饰词所进行的动作，相
当于一个定语从句。
1．前置定语(放在所修饰的名词前)
v．-ing形式作前置定语表示被修饰词的某种用途或者正在进行的动作。
◆In summer I often swim in the swimming pool.(表示用途)
夏天我经常在游泳池游泳。
◆She glanced at the sleeping child and then hurried away.(表示正在进行)
她瞥了一眼睡着的孩子，随即匆匆离开了。
2．后置定语(放在所修饰的名词后)
v．-ing形式作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句，可以与that、which、who等引导的定语从句转换。
◆The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.
正在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
◆The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
＝The national park has a large collection of wildlife, which ranges from butterflies to elephants.
国家公园有许多的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。
◆The meeting being held now is of great significance.
＝The meeting which/that is being held now is of great significance.
正在举行的会议非常重要。
[即时演练7]——单句语法填空/句型转换
(1)The topic _______________________(discuss) now has drawn some experts' attention.
(2)Grandma came into my bedroom with a __________(walk) stick in her hand.
