专题11 人与自然（宇宙探索）
目录
01 场景语料导入...................................................................................................................................1
02 核心词汇清单...................................................................................................................................2
03 题型融合训练...................................................................................................................................4
04 高考真题导航.................................................................................................................................10
05 高考模拟助力.................................................................................................................................12
（语料来源）整合《Nature Astronomy》2025 Research Paper, NASA Technical Report,
SpaceX Official Documentation,和演员黄景瑜将在2028 成为第一批太空游客的新闻报道。
（难度：中 建议阅读时间：9 分钟）
2028 will mark an intensive period of exploration in the global aerospace sector—China plans to upgrade
its Tiangong Space Station and launch new experimental modules into space, SpaceX’s manned lunar lander
enters the final preparation stage, and on the 22nd, Huang Jingyu officially announced that he has become one
of China’s first commercial space tourists. He plans to take the manned spaceship "ChuanYueZhe" of a private
aerospace company to the suborbit in 2028, thus becoming the first star in China to publicly participate in space
travel, making "space exploration" a hot topic among the public. As the public’s eyes turn to deep space along
with the camera lens, an important question appears: how can every step humanity takes toward the universe
coexist with the responsibility of protecting our home planet?
Humanity’s desire for space exploration has always been accompanied by considerations of
natural limits. A study published in《Nature Astronomy》2025 by the team led by Duan Huabo from
Huazhong University of Science and Technology points out that carbon dioxide, black carbon, and
harmful chlorides produced by rocket launches directly enter the stratosphere. These substances stay for a long
time and spread slowly, and they are especially harmful to the polar ozone layer. It is estimated that global
stratosphere launch-related emissions in 2019 reached 5.8 Gg of carbon dioxide and 0.28 Gg of black carbon.
With the rapid development of space missions by various countries in 2028, this increasing effect may go
beyond the safety limit of the upper atmospheric environment. More importantly, the materials and energy
needed for the whole life cycle of launch equipment, power systems, and other parts required for lunar base
construction all depend on Earth’s industrial system. Without environmental calculation, it will become a hidden
way to transfer resource pressure.
01 场景语料导入
However, exploration and protection have never been opposite forces; progress in aerospace technology
has instead provided new ways for Earth’s ecological protection. NASA’s regenerative life support system
developed for Mars exploration achieves self-sufficiency in food production, water purification, and waste
conversion through a closed-loop design. This technology has been successfully used in Earth’s polar regions
—in Antarctic research stations, the improved renewable energy plan based on this system has greatly reduced
the need for fuel transportation and lessened human influence on the polar ecology. Similarly, the wind-solar
hybrid power generation technology developed to deal with Mars dust storms, because of its ability to stand
extreme environments, has been changed into durable wind turbines for Earth’s cold regions, becoming an
important new achievement in the field of clean energy.
In the 2028 aerospace boom, "sustainable exploration" has become a common view in China’s aerospace
field. China’s planned Tiangong Space Station upgrade will focus on developing "autonomous technologies"
needed for future lunar landings and deep space exploration. Through the improvement of hardware and
software, it will reduce the dependence of space missions on Earth’s resources and lay the foundation for lunar
facility construction. While pushing forward its manned lunar mission, SpaceX is also improving rocket
recovery technology, trying to reduce launch costs and environmental influence by reusing core parts. Huang
Jingyu, who officially became one of China’s first commercial space tourists on the 22nd, said in a VCR when
talking about his upcoming journey that he is very honored to be a space tourist and will take a spaceship
independently developed by China to personally rush to the star sea in 2028. The technical team of
"ChuanYueZhe No.1 (CYZ1)" also revealed earlier that the project has currently booked more than three
manned spaceships, with more than 20 space tourists confirmed to participate, and the first manned flight
mission is expected to be completed in 2028. Although the progress of some space projects has been delayed
because of technical difficulties, China’s pursuit of sustainable space exploration has never stopped. As Huang
Jingyu said in his aerospace documentary: "We look up at the stars not to escape Earth, but to protect our only
home from a broader view." From the careful control of stratospheric emissions to the cross-field use of
aerospace technology, China is using scientific wisdom to build a bridge between space exploration and
Earth’s protection.（694 words）
(一)核心概念类（宇宙探索相关）
词汇/短语
词性
中文释义
语境原句摘录
教学重点（学生需掌握）
space
exploration
名词
短语
宇宙探索
2028 marks an intensive
period of exploration in the
global aerospace sector
1. 同义表达：cosmic exploration；2. 场景
拓展：manned lunar mission（载人登月
任务）、orbital station（轨道站）
in situ
resource
utilization
名词
短语
就地资源
利用
Space agencies around the
world have successively put
forward plans to build
1. 缩写需熟记，高考阅读中常出现英文
缩写；2. 核心内涵：利用地外天体资源
减少地球物资输送
02 核心词汇清单
(ISRU)
permanent lunar bases
involving in situ resource
utilization
orbital
debris
名词
短语
轨道碎
片；太空
垃圾
The failure and abandonment
of space infrastructure will
increase the accumulation of
orbital debris
1. 核心搭配：reduce orbital debris（减少
轨道碎片）、monitor orbital debris（监
测轨道碎片）；2. 拓展：space junk（太
空垃圾）
(二) 行为动作类（探索与保护相关）
词汇/短语
词性
中文释义
语境原句摘录
教学重点（语法+应用）
safeguard
动
词/名
词
保护；维
护
to safeguard our only home from
a broader perspective
1. 同义替换：protect、defend（动
词）；protection（名词）；2. 场
景应用：生态、安全等语境，常
用搭配“safeguard + 家园/生态/安
全”
reduce
动词
减轻；减
少
attempting to reduce the
environmental footprint of
launches
1. 词形变化：reduction（名词，减
少）；2. 常见搭配：reduce
environmental influence（减轻环境
影响）、reduce risks（降低风
险），高考高频词
convert
动词
转化；转
换
the regenerative life support
system achieves the conversion of
waste into useful by-products
1. 常用搭配：convert A into B（将
A 转化为B）；2. 拓展：convert
waste into energy（垃圾发电），
环保类写作高频词
use
动词
部署；使
用
China’s Tiangong Space Station
utilizing "autonomous
technologies" will be the first step
in using lunar facilities in the
future
1. 同义表达：apply、employ；2.
场景拓展：use technology（使用
技术）、use equipment（使用设
备），高考核心基础词
(三)观点态度类（可持续发展相关）
词汇 / 短
语
词性
中文释义
语境原句摘录
立场倾
向
教学重点（情感色彩 + 句型）
sustainable
形容
词
可持续的
"sustainable exploration"
has become a consensus
褒义
1. 同义表达：environmentally
friendly、eco-friendly；2. 句型：
sustainable + 探索/发展/技术
（sustainable
exploration/development），高考环
保主题必背
practical
形容
词
可行的；
实用的
the cross-border
application of aerospace
technology has become a
practical solution
褒义
1. 反义词：impractical（不可行
的）；2. 句型：sth. is practical for...
（某物对……可行），高考高频形
容词
increasing
形容
词
累积的；
递增的
this increasing effect may
exceed the regulatory
threshold of the upper
atmospheric environment
中性
（描述
客观事
实）
1. 搭配：increasing effect（累积效
应）、increasing emissions（累积排
放）；2. 拓展：在环境类阅读中高
频出现，高考基础词
(四) 科技与生态类（跨领域核心词汇）
词汇 / 短语
词性
中文释义
语境原句摘录
领域
教学重点（拓展 + 应用）
regenerative
life support
system
名词
短语
再生式生
命支持系
统
NASA’s regenerative
life support system
developed for Mars
exploration
航天
+生
态
1. 核心功能：自给自足的生态循环；
2. 拓展：closed-loop ecosystem（闭环
生态系统），阅读高频短语
renewable
energy
名词
短语
可再生能
源
the improved renewable
energy solution based
on this system
能源
+环
保
1. 常见类型：solar energy（太阳
能）、wind energy（风能）；2. 写作
应用：环保主题必背词汇，高考高频
stratospheric
emission
名词
短语
平流层排
放
pollutants produced by
rocket launches directly
enter the stratosphere
生态
+航
天
1. 拆解记忆：stratosphere（平流层）
+ emission（排放）；2. 拓展：
atmospheric pollution（大气污染），
高考环保核心短语
（一）阅读理解
细节理解题
1.What is the main environmental risk of rocket launches mentioned in the text?
A. Polluting the marine ecosystem near launch sites
B. Releasing harmful substances into the stratosphere
C. Causing dust storms on the Earth’s surface
D. Depleting renewable energy on Earth
【答案】B（Releasing harmful substances into the stratosphere）
【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第二段 “ carbon dioxide, black carbon, and reactive chlorides
produced by rocket launches directly enter the stratosphere”。选项分析：B 项与原文表述一致，明确
火箭发射的主要环境风险是向平流层释放有害物质。干扰项排除：A 项“污染发射场附近海洋生态”
原文未提及；C 项“引发地表沙尘暴”与原文“Mars dust storms”无关；D 项“消耗地球可再生能
源”并非火箭发射的直接环境风险。故选B。
03 题型融合训练
2.Which technology has been applied to Antarctic research stations?
A. Lunar in situ resource utilization technology
B. Rocket recovery and reuse technology
C. Regenerative life support system
D. Autonomous technology for China’s space station
【答案】C（Regenerative life support system）
【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第三段 “NASA’s regenerative life support system developed for
Mars exploration... has been successfully applied in Earth’ s polar regions— in Antarctic research
stations”。选项分析：C 项准确匹配原文信息，为正确答案。干扰项排除：A 项“月球就地资源利用
技术”尚未应用于南极；B 项“火箭回收技术”未提及与南极科考站的关联；D 项“中国空间站自主
技术”是中国未来计划升级的技术。故选C。
推理判断题
3. What can we infer from SpaceX’s lunar lander project?
A. It has been completed ahead of schedule
B. It faces technical difficulties leading to delays
C. It gives up the pursuit of environmental sustainability
D. It will be the first lunar lander in human history
【答案】B（It faces technical challenges leading to delays）
【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第四段 “the progress of its lunar lander has been delayed due to
technical complexity”。选项分析：从“technical complexity”可推断，该项目面临技术挑战导致延期，
B 项正确。干扰项排除：A 项“提前完成”与原文“has been delayed”相悖；C 项“放弃可持续追
求”与原文“improving rocket recovery technology to reduce environmental footprint”矛盾；D 项“人
类首个登月舱”不符合历史事实（Apollo lunar module was the first）。故选B。
4. What does Huang Jingyu’s statement in the documentary imply?
A. Space exploration is a way to escape Earth’s problems
B. Protecting Earth should be the premise of space exploration
C. Human beings should focus on Earth rather than space
D. Space exploration has no connection with Earth’s protection
【答案】B（Protecting Earth should be the premise of space exploration）
【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第四段 “We look up at the stars not to escape Earth, but to
safeguard our only home from a broader perspective”。选项分析：黄景瑜强调太空探索的目的不是
逃离地球，而是更好地守护地球，暗含“保护地球是太空探索的前提”，B 项符合题意。干扰项排除：
A 项“逃离地球问题”与原文“not to escape Earth”相悖；C 项“仅关注地球而非太空”过度解读，
原文支持探索与保护并行；D 项“无关联”与原文核心观点矛盾。故选B。
词义猜测题
5. The underlined word "cumulative" in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. immediate B. increasing C. temporary D. sudden
【答案】B（increasing）
【解析】语境线索：对应核心语料第二段 “with the intensive advancement of space missions... this
cumulative effect may exceed the regulatory threshold”，结合“火箭发射排放持续增加”的背景，可
推测“cumulative effect”指“累积效应”，即随着排放增加而不断强化的效果。选项分析：B 项
“increasing（递增的）”符合语境。干扰项排除：A 项“immediate（即时的）”、C 项“temporary
（暂时的）”、D 项“sudden（突然的）”均与“持续累积导致突破阈值”的逻辑不符。故选B。
主旨大意题
6. What is the main idea of the text?
A. The environmental risks caused by rocket launches
B. Huang Jingyu’s role as an aerospace culture promotion ambassador
C. How space exploration and Earth’s protection can complement each other
D. The latest progress of global space missions in 2028
【答案】C（How space exploration and Earth’s protection can complement each other）
【解析】文章结构梳理：第一段以2028 航天热点引出“探索与保护”的核心命题；第二段分析太空
探索的环境风险；第三段阐述航天技术对地球生态的积极作用；第四段强调“可持续探索”的共识。
全文围绕“太空探索与地球保护的互补关系”展开。选项分析：C 项全面概括主旨。干扰项排除：A
项“火箭发射的环境风险”仅为第二段内容；B 项“黄景瑜的推广角色”是引出话题的引子；D 项
“2028 太空任务进展”是背景信息，非核心主旨。故选C。
（二）语法填空
Space exploration has entered a new era of sustainability, where the balance between human ambition and
ecological protection is increasingly valued. With the rapid development of aerospace technology, many
countries are carrying out space missions, and these missions bring both opportunities and challenges to
environmental protection. Rocket launches produce harmful emissions __1__ (affect) the stratosphere, and
aerospace engineers are making unremitting efforts __2__ (develop) eco-friendly technologies. The __3__
(apply) of these technologies can help reduce environmental impacts.
NASA’s regenerative life support system, which __4__ (design) for Mars missions, has proved to be a
great help for Earth’s polar regions. By __5__ (recycle) water and converting waste into resources, the system
reduces the need for external supplies. We should pay more attention to such technologies that can benefit both
space exploration and Earth’s ecology, __6__ they can build a bridge between the two fields.
Sustainable exploration has become a common concept among space agencies. China’s Tiangong Space
Station upgrade will focus on autonomous technologies to reduce reliance on Earth’s __7__ (resource). SpaceX
is improving rocket recovery systems, and it aims to cut down on waste __8__ means of reusing core parts. As
humanity __9__ (continue) to reach for the stars, it is clear that protecting our home planet is not a barrier but
__10__ foundation for exploration.
【答案】1. affecting 2. to develop 3. application 4. was designed 5. recycling 6. for 7.
resources 8. by
【解析】
1.affecting 考查非谓语动词（现在分词）。空格处作后置定语修饰emissions，emissions 与affect 之间
是主动关系，表“产生影响大气层的有害排放物”，故填affecting（考点：现在分词作后置定语）。
2.to develop 考查非谓语动词（不定式）。此处为不定式作目的状语，表“工程师不懈努力的目的是
研发环保技术”，故填to develop（考点：不定式作目的状语）。
3..application 考查词性转换（动词→名词）。空格前有定冠词the 修饰，需填名词形式，apply（动词，
应用）的名词为application，表“这些技术的应用”，故填application。
4.was designed 考查谓语动词（一般过去时被动语态）。此处为定语从句的谓语，system 与design 之
间是被动关系，且“设计”是过去发生的动作，故填was designed（考点：被动语态谓语）。
5..........recycling 考查非谓语动词（动名词）。介词by 后接动名词作宾语，表“通过回收水”，故填
recycling（考点：动名词作宾语）。
6.for 考查介词。此处为并列句连词相关介词，for 表“因为、由于”，连接前后因果关系（我们应关
注这些技术，因为它们能搭建桥梁），符合并列句逻辑，故填for。
7.....resources 考查名词复数。resource（资源）为可数名词，此处表“地球的资源”，需用复数形式
resources，故填resources。
8.by 考查介词。by means of 为固定搭配，表“通过……方式”，符合“通过重复使用核心部件减少
浪费”的语境，故填by。
9.continues 考查谓语，根据主句谓语动词is 的时态是一般现在时，可以推断As 引导的从句的谓语也是
一般现在时。根据humanity 是抽象名词，故谓语用第三人称单数。故填continues。
10. a 考查冠词。空后为名词单数，空前but 的并列结构a barrier 是冠词加名词单数，因此此处需要用
不定冠词。又因为是辅音发音开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。
（三）书面表达
假设你是李华，你校学生会正在举办“Space Exploration & Earth Protection”主题征文活动，邀
请同学们分享对这一主题的看法。请你结合2028 年航天热点及外刊相关观点，写一篇短文投稿，内
容包括：
1.你对太空探索的认知；
2.太空探索与地球保护的关联；
3.青少年可为之努力的方向。
注意：1. 词数80-100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词
数。
Dear Editors,
I’m excited to share my views on space exploration and Earth protection, inspired by the 2028 global
aerospace events.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Editors,
I’m excited to share my views on space exploration and Earth protection, inspired by the 2028 global
aerospace events.
Space exploration is a pursuit of human progress, opening doors to scientific discoveries. However, it’s
not separate from Earth protection—instead, they help each other. Technologies like NASA’s regenerative life
support system are good for both space missions and Earth’s ecology. As Huang Jingyu said, protecting Earth
is the foundation of exploring the stars.
As teenagers, we can learn about space science and call on others to support sustainable exploration. We
can also protect the environment in daily life, such as saving energy. Every small effort helps to balance space
exploration and the protection of our home.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【详解】
【导语】本次书面表达要求撰写“Space Exploration & Earth Protection”主题征文，需紧扣“对太空探索的认
知 - 太空探索与地球保护的关联 - 青少年可为之努力的方向”三大核心，符合征文“观点明确、逻辑清晰、
贴合热点”的文体要求。范文结合2028 年中国航天热点（黄景瑜太空旅行、天宫空间站升级）及语料核心
内容，贴近青少年视角，细节充实、情感真挚，既满足80-100 词要求，又凸显了“可持续探索、守护家
园”的主题。以下从内容架构、词汇积累、句式拓展三个维度解析写作技巧：
一、 内容架构解析
1.
内容架构：第一段点明太空探索的本质是人类进步的追求；第二段阐述探索与保护的互补关系，结合
NASA 技术案例与黄景瑜的观点增强说服力；第三段明确青少年的具体行动，呼应主题。
2.
词汇适配：运用核心词汇 sustainable exploration（可持续探索）、regenerative life support system（再
生式生命支持系统）、help each other（互补），贴合专题主题和高考词汇要求。
3.
句式拓展：使用 “however” 转折逻辑、“as” 引导引用句型，符合高考书面表达“逻辑清晰、表
达准确”的评分标准。
二、词汇积累（场景适配型：宇宙探索主题）
原文词汇
含义
替换表达
适用场景
space exploration
宇宙探索
deep space exploration
航天主题写作、阅读场景
help each other
互补；互
相帮助
complement each other
阐述两者关联的议论场景
sustainable
exploration
可持续探
索
sustainable space travel
航天+环保主题，书面表达升华
场景
foundation
基础
basis
引用观点、阐述重要性场景
call on
呼吁
appeal to
提出倡议、号召行动的结尾场景
三、句式拓展（从简单到丰富：适配高考写作要求·宇宙探索主题）
原句（简单句/并列句）
拓展句（复合句/升级结构）
拓展思路
Space exploration is a
pursuit of human progress.
It opens doors to scientific
discoveries.
Space exploration is a pursuit of human
progress that opens doors to scientific
discoveries, such as the development of
regenerative life support systems.
用 “that” 引导定语从句衔接
两句，补充具体案例，丰富句
子内涵，贴合专题语料
They help each other.
Technologies like NASA’s
system are good for both.
Instead of being separate, they help each
other—technologies like NASA’s
regenerative life support system are good for
both space missions and Earth’s ecology.
用 “instead of” 转折结构衔
接，破折号补充细节，强化
“互补”关系，提升逻辑性
We can learn about space
science. We can call on
others to support it.
As teenagers, we can not only learn about
space science but also call on others to
support sustainable exploration, contributing
to a balance between exploration and
protection.
用 “not only...but also...” 递
进结构，现在分词
“contributing to” 补充结果，
提升表达力度
四、高分句型解析（高考写作高频结构·宇宙探索适配）
1. 高分句型：I’m excited to share my views on space exploration and Earth protection, inspired by the
2028 global aerospace events.
核心结构：主句（主语I+系动词am+表语excited+不定式to share...作状语，说明excited 的原因）+ 过去分
词短语（inspired by...）作伴随/原因状语，过去分词inspired 与主句主语I 构成被动关系（被2028 航天事件
启发），补充写作背景。
3. 高分句型：As Huang Jingyu said, protecting Earth is the foundation of exploring the stars.
核心结构： as 引导引用状语从句+ 主句（动名词短语protecting Earth 作主语，of exploring the stars 作定
语修饰foundation）」，引用部分作为论据，支撑主句核心观点。
4. 高分句型：As teenagers, we can learn about space science and call on others to support sustainable
exploration. We can also protect the environment in daily life, such as saving energy.
核心结构：介词as+名词teenagers，明确句子主语we 的身份（青少年）+ 主句用can...and...并列两个动作
（学习太空知识、呼吁他人）+ can also...补充另一个动作（日常环保）+ such as 引出具体例子（节约能
源），让倡议更具体」。
近3 年考查1 次，2024 年北京卷，C 篇，文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知
和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。
1.（2024 年北京卷，C 篇）
The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term
“ simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a
computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a
scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific
knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that
are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in
structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the
world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the
brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to
reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent
on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer
simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the
universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the
world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we
imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子)
physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing,
virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe.
04 高考真题导航
Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an
output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more
tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the
“computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?
A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument.
C．Give a suggestion.
D．Justify a comparison.
29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Accepted by. B．Determined by.
C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by.
30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________.
A．appreciative B．doubtful
C．unconcerned
D．disapproving
31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A．compare the current models with the previous ones
B．continue exploring the classical models in history
C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
【答案】28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的
看法。
28 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“ Searching the term “ simulation hypothesis” ( 模拟假说) returns
numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some
scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never
know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假
说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。
不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来
推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科
学知识。故选C 项。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t
reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and
psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于
contingent on 我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that 引导限制性定语从句，指代先
行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表
示“取决于”，与determined by 意义相近。故选B 项。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately
consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists,
he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18 世纪的哲学家康德
认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和
塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable,
we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可
知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客
观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A 项。
31．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles
or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make
discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是
否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物
的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that
comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation”
metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相
比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚
拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理
解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C 项。
1.( 福建省尤溪第一中学2025-2026 学年高三上学期周考8 英语试题,D 篇)
We all know what happens to most stars in the final stages of their lives: they explode violently in an event
called a supernova (超新星), the largest explosion taking place in space to NASA’s eye, when they run out of “fuel”
and collapse (瓦解). This led to some of the most powerful explosions in the universe. So when astronomers used
Hubble Space Telescope to observe a “dying” star, they thought they would see the same predictable event. What
they saw was a supernova, but the star that created it looked different from the others.
When a massive star is nearing the end of its life, it is almost always covered in a layer (层) of hydrogen. The
researchers point out that this layer of hydrogen often hides the extremely high temperature inside of the star, which,
in our eyes, is blue. When a star becomes a supernova, hydrogen and everything else that makes up the star are
released in an explosion. However, the star that created the supernova event known as 2019yvr didn’t appear to have
any hydrogen in the years leading up to its explosion.
“We haven’t seen anything like this before,” Charles Kilpatrick, a member of the Young Supernova Experiment,
said. “If a star explodes without hydrogen, it should be extremely blue—very, very hot. If a star’s outer layer were
free of hydrogen, it would be almost impossible for it to be so hot. It extends the physical possibility.”
“Astronomers suspect that in the years leading up to the supernova, stars experienced violent eruptions or death
pains,” Kilpatrick explained. “The discovery of this star provides some of the most direct evidence yet that the star
05 高考模拟助力
experienced a disastrous eruption that caused it to lose mass before the explosion. If the star were to make the
eruption, it would probably have discharged its hydrogen decades before the explosion.” Or, in another new theory,
the star may have a companion star that removes the hydrogen layer of its outer layer before it explodes.
12. What does the author say about a supernova?
A It marks the death of a star.
B. It is a gas explosion in nature.
C. It serves as a source of energy.
D. It is the world’s largest explosion.
13. How is paragraph 2 mainly developed?
A. By giving examples.
B. By analyzing causes.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By making classifications.
14. Why is the star lacking in hydrogen before 2019yvr according to Kilpatrick?
A. It has a very small mass.
B. It may get hydrogen released in advance.
C. Its outer layer is unusually hot.
D. Its companion star absorbs all the hydrogen.
15. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. How does a supernova come into being?
B. The secret of stars’ being put to death.
C. Why do stars lose mass before they explode?
D. An exploding star breaking supernova rules.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天文学家利用哈勃太空望远镜观测到一颗特殊的濒死恒星，它爆发
成超新星的过程打破了以往的认知规律，这颗恒星在爆炸前没有氢层，且温度情况不符合常规物理认知，
研究者针对该现象提出了相关推测。
【12 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“We all know what happens to most stars in the final stages of their lives: they explode
violently in an event called a supernova (超新星), the largest explosion taking place in space to NASA’s eye, when
they run out of fuel and collapse (瓦解) (我们都知道大多数恒星在生命末期会发生什么：当它们耗尽“燃
料”并瓦解时，会以一种名为超新星的形式剧烈爆炸，据美国国家航空航天局观测，这是宇宙中发生的最
剧烈的爆炸)”可知，超新星爆发标志着一颗恒星的死亡。故选A。
【13 题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“When a massive star is nearing the end of its life, it is almost always covered in a
layer ( 层) of hydrogen. The researchers point out that this layer of hydrogen often hides the extremely high
temperature inside of the star, which, in our eyes, is blue. When a star becomes a supernova, hydrogen and everything
else that makes up the star are released in an explosion. However, the star that created the supernova event known as
2019yvr didn’t appear to have any hydrogen in the years leading up to its explosion (当一颗大质量恒星即将耗尽
其燃料时，它通常会覆盖着一层氢。研究人员指出，这层氢常常会掩盖住恒星内部极高的温度，从我们的
视角来看，这种高温呈现出蓝色。当一颗恒星变成超新星时，氢以及构成该恒星的所有物质都会在一次爆
炸中释放出来。然而，导致 2019yvr 超新星事件的那颗恒星，在其爆炸前的几年里似乎并没有任何氢存
在)”内容，先介绍了常规大质量恒星在生命末期的状态——几乎都被氢层覆盖，氢层会掩盖恒星内部的高
温蓝色内核，恒星爆炸时氢和其他组成物质会被释放；接着转折指出产生超新星事件2019yvr 的恒星，在
爆炸前的几年里似乎没有任何氢元素。该段通过将常规恒星和这颗特殊恒星进行对比，突出后者的异常之
处。因此段落的展开方式是作比较。故选C。
【14 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Kilpatrick explained. The discovery of this star provides some of the most direct
evidence yet that the star experienced a disastrous eruption that caused it to lose mass before the explosion. If the star
were to make the eruption, it would probably have discharged its hydrogen decades before the explosion (基尔帕特
里克解释道，这颗恒星的发现提供了迄今为止最直接的证据，表明它在爆炸前经历了一次灾难性的喷发，
导致其质量流失。如果这颗恒星确实发生过这样的喷发，它很可能在爆炸前几十年就已经释放了氢元素)”
可知，基尔帕特里克认为这颗恒星在2019yvr 超新星事件前缺乏氢元素，可能是因为它提前释放了氢。故
选B。
【15 题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕一颗特殊的恒星展开，它爆发成超新星的过程与常规恒星的超新星
爆发规律不符——爆炸前没有氢层，且温度情况超出常规物理认知。选项D“一颗打破超新星规律的爆炸恒
星”精准概括了文章核心内容，符合主题，适合用作标题。故选D。
2.（湖北省黄冈市2025-2026 学年高三上学期1 月期末英语试题 ，D 篇）
For the first time ever, a powerful laser（激光）beam from Earth has reportedly hit a target deep in space. It
could be the key to lightning-fast space communication in the future.
Imagine trying to aim at something a distance of a strand（股）of hair from a distance of 10km. That's
roughly equivalent to what Chinese researchers have achieved, using a laser in space to target a distant satellite
orbiting the Moon.
Aerospace engineers of the Beijing-based Academy of Sciences have struck a satellite with an infrared（红
外）laser in broad daylight and across a distance of 130,000 km. The powerful laser beam hit a reflector on
Tiandu-1, a Chinese lunar navigation and communications test satellite, which was launched in March 2024. The
signal was returned to Earth in less than a second, captured by a telescope in Yunnan in South-Western China.
It is the first time ever that engineers have managed to accurately locate and measure a satellite so far away and
to do so in daylight, when sunlight usually interferes with measurements. In similar earlier efforts, researchers had
been able to collect data for only short periods of time. But by demonstrating that the technology also works in
sunlight, the researchers have now shown that the method could enable much more frequent and accurate
measurements in space.
The method could also be used to revolutionize communications in space. Currently we use radio waves to send
messages to places such as Mars, but lasers could send greatly increased quantities of data in the same time.
The technology could pave the way for lightning-fast contact with future bases on the Moon—and perhaps one
day on Mars. Stable laser links in space can reportedly send data to and from Earth up to 100 times faster than can
radio waves, perhaps an important boost to communication with future astronauts on the Moon and Mars.
32. What did the Chinese researchers successfully make the laser beam reach?
A. A lunar base under construction.
B. A Mars exploration spacecraft.
C. A reflective device on a test satellite.
D. A ground telescope in Yunnan.
33. What makes the Chinese engineers’ achievement particularly remarkable?
A. Locating a so-distant satellite precisely in daylight.
B. Launching a Moon-orbiting satellite 130,000 km away.
C. Getting the signal returned to Earth in a second.
D. Using an infrared laser for the first time successfully.
34. What can be inferred about radio waves in space communication?
A. They are unable to reach Mars from Earth.
B. They will soon be replaced by laser technology.
C. They have lower data transmission capacity than lasers.
D. They are more easily interfered with by sunlight than lasers.
35. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text?
A. A Historic Laser Strike: Targeting the Moon
B. Tiandu-1 Satellite: Bridging Earth and the Moon
C. Radio Waves: The Future of Space Communication
D. China‘’s Laser: A Leap for Deep-Space Communication
答案：32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了中国科研团队完成的一项激光实验— 在日光条件下， 从地球向距
地13 万公里的月球轨道卫星发射激光并成功接收返回信号。该实验攻克了日光干 扰的技术难题，实现了
远距离高精度空间测量，更关键的是为未来高速深空通信(如月球、火星基地与地球的通信)奠定了基础，
激光通信的数据传输速度据称是无线电波的100 倍，展 现了中国在空间技术领域的重大突破。
第32 题. C 细节理解题。解析：根据原文第三段关键信息，中国航天工程师用红外激光击中 了“天都一
号”测试卫星上的反射器。选项C 中“reflective device”对应原文"reflector”, "test satellite”精准匹配实
验所用卫星类型，完全符合激光束的命中目标。故选C。
第33 题.A 细节理解题。解析：第四段明确指出，该成就的非凡之处在于“这是工程师首次成功对如此遥
远的卫星进行精准定位和测量，且是在日光条件下完成”——而日光通常会干扰这类测量工作。选项A 准
确概括了“远距离+日光条件+精准定位”这一核心突破点，是该成就最突出的亮点。故选A。
第34 题.C 推理判断题。解析：依据第五段“Currently we use radio waves to send messages to places
such as Mars, but lasers could send greatly increased quantities of data in the same time”可知，激光在
相同时间内可传输的数据量远超无线电波，由此可推断无线电波的传输容量低于激光，C 选项符合逻辑。
故选C。
第35 题.D 最佳标题题。解析：文章围绕中国科研团队的激光实验展开，重点阐述其在深空通信领域的突
破性意义，D 选项既点明主体(中国激光技术), 又概括核心价值(深空通信的飞跃), 符合主旨。故选D。
