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北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
专题十一 猜测词义
题组一 单词类
Passage 1 话题:Mona Zipay的故事 难度:易 词数:308
Mona Zipay was there almost from the beginning when her boss decided to become an
independent insurance adjuster (理算员) in 1955.
Fifty-eight years later, she decided it was time to retire from Dorner
Adjustment Co. “I love what I did,” said Zipay, 83, of Whitney Point New York. “I still
do. But it's time to stay at home now.”
The secretary has helped customers through natural disasters and fires. She has
lived longer than her boss John M. Dorner and remembers when women were not allowed
to wear pants to work. Not only has she used manual typewriters, electric typewriters
and computers, but she's also adapted to a wave of technology so she could type out
reports sent to insurers.
“But what has served her well through the years has been her typing and customer
service skills,” said MaryAnn Dorner, daughter-in-law of John Dorner. “She's an
excellent typist,” MaryAnn Dorner said. “She's accurate and she's fast. She's
professional on the phones, keeping a good temper when dealing with irate
customers,” said Patrick Dorner, who now operates the company.
Dorner Adjusting wasn't the only place Zipay worked. She graduated from high
school in 1951, taking business courses because she knew she would not be able to
afford college and didn't want to work in a factory.
John Dorner invited her to his new company in 1955 from the General Adjustment
Bureau in downtown Binghamton, New York. There they had worked together until John
Dorner decided to become an independent agent.
Now, Zipay wears pants but always dresses professionally.
“That was one of the things that impressed me about her,” MaryAnn Dorner said.
“She's always dressed up.”
1.What did Zipay experience when she worked in Dorner Adjustment Co.?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.Her family suffered many disasters.
B.Her former boss died when she worked there.
C.She was helped by customers when she was in trouble.
D.The company required female employees to wear pants to work.
2.What is Zipay good at during her working years?
A.Typing and communicating with customers.
B.Adjusting to new typewriters and new bosses.
C.Maintaining a good relationship with her boss.
D.Solving problems and dealing with emergencies.
3.What does the underlined word “irate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Angry.
B.Disabled.
C.Greedy.
D.Selfish.
4.What do we know about Zipay from the text?
A.She only worked at Dorner Adjusting.
B.She went to college after high school.
C.She has never worn pants in her life.
D.She pays a lot of attention to her appearance.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了Mona Zipay在一家公司工作了58年以后,在她83岁的时候决
定退休的故事。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She has lived longer than her boss John M.
Dorner...”可推知,Zipay在Dorner Adjustment Co.工作时,她以前的老板John M. Dorner
去世了。故选B项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But what has served her well through the years has
been her typing and customer service skills”可知,Zipay擅长的是打字和与客户沟通。故
选A项。
3.A 猜测词义题。根据画线词上文“keeping a good temper”可推知,此处指Zipay在与愤
怒的顾客打交道时能保持好脾气,画线词irate意为“愤怒的”。故选A项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“She's always dressed up.”可推知,Zipay很注重她北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
的外表。故选D项。
Passage 2 话题:蚂蚁的工作方式 难度:中 词数:343
To look inside an ant nest is to meet with an alien civilization. The boiling
mass of worker ants beneath an upturned stone is both strangely reminiscent of (使人
联想到) human society and strikingly different. There is an organization that
fascinates us and a long line of myrmecophiles (or ant lovers) leads back all the way
to King Solomon, who in fact advised people to “go to the ant, consider her ways and be
wise”. This was exactly the inspiration behind Planet Ant, a TV program showcasing
what we know about the kingdom of ants, and what ants can teach us about the human
world.
Like us, ants build structures, find food, defend their societies and manage
waste, and—also like us—they must be well organized. For example, the leaf-cutting
ants of Planet Ant have special waste disposal areas for storing harmful waste and a
team of “waste-disposal ants”are dedicated to keeping the nest clean. But ants
achieve this familiar final result in a very different way to humans. Human societies
have centralized control. In other words, someone tells us what to do. Ants, on the
other hand, have decentralized control and neither the queen nor any other ant
directs work. Ant workers are the final self-starters, following specific, but
potentially flexible, rules in certain situations.
Chemical trails underpin much of this self-organization. Foragers (觅食者) lay
a mix of chemicals known as the trail pheromone (信息素) behind them as they walk.
Other ants follow the trail and if they find food they reinforce it, laying more
pheromones as they return to the nest. Stronger trails are more likely to be
followed, so trails leading to food become progressively reinforced, while trails
with no food in the end fade away.
This combination of positive feedback and evaporation ( 蒸 发 ) produces an
effective foraging system that is very good at finding the quickest routes to food.
This simple guiding principle, and others like it, have provided some useful
solutions to the complex problems faced by engineers, computer scientists and
businesses.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.Why does the author mention King Solomon in the first paragraph?
A.To provide a background.
B.To show admiration for him.
C.To stress the wisdom of ants.
D.To explain an abstract theory.
2.How do ants behave while performing tasks?
A.They get orders from their partners.
B.They choose to do only routine tasks.
C.They strictly follow the queen's orders.
D.They follow their own senses and certain rules.
3.What does the underlined word “underpin” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Decide.
B.Support.
C.Develop.
D.Calculate.
4.What information can we get about the trail pheromone from the text?
A.It comes from the food resources.
B.It appears before ants' self-organization.
C.It leads the following ants to food.
D.It helps ants find their way back home.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了蚂蚁充满智慧的工作方式,这种工作方式为人类提供了很多灵感。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句中的“...go to the ant, consider her ways and be
wise.”可知,作者在第一段提到所罗门王是为了强调蚂蚁的智慧。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,在工作时蚂蚁遵循自己的感觉和某些规则。故
选D。
3.B 猜测词义题。根据第三段第二句可推测出,画线单词所在句子意为“化学痕迹对这种
自发组织起到支持作用”。所以underpin意为“支持”,与support同义。故选B。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知,追踪信息素引导跟随的蚂蚁找到食物。故选C。
Passage 3 话题:新石器时代遗址 难度:中 词数:309北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
In the world of Chinese archaeology(考古学), a sign of a dig's importance is the
sight of Zhou Mingsheng at work, a field technician who has worked at archaeological
sites all around China. Master Zhou is credited with the gentlest touch in his
profession. Born into a farming family, he is a “national-level craftsman” with a
talent for using simple tools to get relics(遗物) that would crumble in other hands,
says his current boss, Wang Xu, director of an archaeological site at Shuanghuaishu,
a Neolithic(新石器时代的) settlement near the Yellow River in the central province
of Henan.
It is not beauty that attracts visitors to Shuanghuaishu. At 5,300 years old, the
settlement is the work of a culture too simple to have left behind many buried
treasures. The single most precious find, to date, is a finger-length sculpture of a
silkworm. Nor is the setting lovely: an area surrounded by deafening insects,
between a highway and two power stations. Rather, the site's importance is
historical. Because since the birth of Chinese archaeology in the 1920s, it has been
inseparable from claims that China has the oldest unbroken civilisation on Earth.
Leading archaeologists say that the site has the right combination of location,
age and distinctive cultural elements to be the capital of an early Chinese kingdom.
That would make it a bridge between China's written history and the era of the Yellow
Emperor, who is said to rule over these central plains almost 5,000 years ago, though
many foreign scholars doubt his existence. Chinese media call the site proof of
China's 5,000 years of history.
Foreigners complain about a lack of written records, Mr. Wang notes. Perhaps
they are missing symbols that will one day be understood, for instance in patterned
pottery. Outsiders “can't keep using Western standards to apply to Chinese ruins,” he
argues.
1.What does the underlined word “crumble” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Break. B.Start.
C.Wait. D.Shine.
2.Why does Shuanghuaishu attract visitors?
A.It has appealing scenery.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.It has various precious treasures.
C.It is of great historical significance.
D.It is easily accessible.
3.What is Mr. Wang's attitude towards foreigners' view?
A.Unconcern.
B.Disapproving.
C.Supportive.
D.Not mentioned.
4.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Chinese history amazes the world.
B.Chinese archaeology catches on.
C.China follows its tradition.
D.China digs its past.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了河南双槐树新石器时代遗址,它可以为中华五千年的历史提供证据。
1.A 猜测词义题。根据第一段内容可知,周师傅是“国家级工匠”,善于用简单的工具获取
遗物,而这些遗物在其他人手里很容易破碎,故画线词的意思是“破碎”。故选A项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知,双槐树吸引游客的原因在于它具有重大的
历史意义。故选C项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Outsiders‘can't keep using Western standards to
apply to Chinese ruins’”可以判断出,王先生对外国人的态度是反对的。故选B项。
4.D 主旨要义题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,双槐树遗址证明了中国五千年文明的存在。 所
以短文以“中国挖掘到了它的过去”为标题最准确。故选D项。
Passage 4 话题:好奇心 难度:难 词数:307
You can learn anything on the Internet, so why do I so often learn things I don't
want to know? When I'm surfing the web, I want to be drawn in by articles on Europe's
political history or the nature of outer space, but I end up reading trivia (琐事)
such as a menu from a Netherlands prison. Why am I not curious about the things I want
to be curious about?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Curiosity feels as if it's out of your control, and trying to direct it sounds as
challenging as forcing yourself to find a joke funny. But if you understand what
arouses curiosity, you may be able to channel it a little better. Across evolutionary
time, curious animals were more likely to survive because they learned about their
environments; a food hunter that occasionally skipped a reliable feeding ground to
explore might find an even better place to eat.
Humans too, will give up a known pay-off to explore the unknown. In one
experiment, subjects were asked to choose one of four photos, each carrying some
chance of paying a cash prize. Photos repeated, so subjects learned to pick the best-
paying, but when a novel photo popped up, they chose it more often. This preference
for something novel is, of course, the reason manufacturers constantly make changes
to product packaging and advertising. But it's good to know about your environment
even if it doesn't promise a reward right now; knowledge may be useless today but
vital next week. Therefore, evolution has left us with a brain that can reward
itself; satisfying curiosity feels pleasurable, so you explore the environment even
when you don't expect any concrete pay-off. Infants prefer to look at novel pictures
compared with familiar ones. Preschoolers play longer with a mechanical toy if it's
difficult to deduce how it works.
1.Why does the author ask the two questions in Paragraph 1?
A.To seek solutions.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To present his curiosity.
D.To express his amazement.
2.What can be learned about curiosity?
A.It's of great value.
B.It's mostly under control.
C.It rarely exists in animals.
D.It sometimes appears as a joke.
3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A.People explore for the concrete pay-off.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.Curiosity guarantees people a pleasurable life.
C.The constant changes meet manufacturers' demand.
D.People would rather satisfy curiosity than get a pay-off.
4.What does the underlined word “deduce” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Show off.
B.Figure out.
C.Bear in mind.
D.Pick up.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章对好奇心进行了论述。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...why do I so often learn things I don't want to
know?”以及“Why am I not curious about the things I want to be curious about?”可推知,
关于好奇心有很多相关的疑问,两个问题的提出是为了引出文章的主题:好奇心。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知,“好奇心”能够帮助动物生存下来,也可能会帮
助猎食动物找到更好的猎食地。由此推知,“好奇心”是有重大价值的。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Humans too, will give up a known pay-off to explore
the unknown.”以及“but when a novel photo popped up, they chose it more often”可推知,
人们在知道可以得到回报的前提之下,仍然愿意放弃回报而选择满足自己的好奇心。
4.B 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句及上句可知,在好奇心的驱使下,婴儿更愿意看一些新
奇的图片,学龄前儿童对于难以搞清楚其工作原理的机械玩具更感兴趣。故可推测画线词表
示“弄清楚”。故选B项。
Passage 5
A strong coffee after a poor night's sleep is the kick-start many people need in
the morning but new research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat
first.
A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood
sugar control—a risk factor for diabetes(糖尿病)and heart disease.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing
anything else, drink coffee—subjectively the more tired we feel, the stronger the
coffee,” said Professor James Betts, at the University of Bath in the UK.
For their study, researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
women to take part in three different overnight experiments, with at least a week
between them.
In one, the participants had a normal night's sleep, roughly from 11 p.m. to 7
a.m., and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning. They then
experienced an interrupted night's sleep, where the researchers woke them every hour
for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond—and upon
waking were given the same sugary drink.
On another night, participants experienced the same sleep interruption, but
this time were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the
sugary drink.
They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants'
blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素)responses when compared to the normal night's sleep
—although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many
nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect. However, strong black coffee
consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%
—suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could
limit your body's ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.
1.What does the underlined word “kick-start” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.A kind of sport.
B.A kind of power.
C.A kind of medicine.
D.A kind of belief.
2.What was unchanged in the three experiments?
A.The duration of sleep.
B.The blood sugar response.
C.The sugary drink.
D.The intake of coffee.
3.What increased the participants' blood sugar response most before breakfast?
A.A normal sugary drink.
B.A normal night's sleep.
C.An interrupted night's sleep.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.A cup of strong black coffee.
4.How did researchers draw the conclusion?
A.By comparing the results.
B.By listing some examples.
C.By surveying the participants.
D.By referring to some documents.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。文章讲
述了一项研究发现,早上醒来后先喝咖啡会对血糖控制产生负面影响,这可能引发糖尿病和
心脏病。
1.B 推测词义题。根据上文“A strong coffee after a poor night's sleep”(一夜没睡好之
后,喝一杯浓咖啡)可推知,kick-start指的是在晚上没有睡好之后“一种提神的力量”。故
选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“In one,...and were asked to consume a sugary
drink on waking in the morning. They then experienced an interrupted night's
sleep...and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.”和第六段的“On another
night,...before consuming the sugary drink.”可知,在三个试验中没有改变的是参与者都
喝了含糖饮料。故选C项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“However, strong black coffee consumed before
breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%”可知,早餐前,一
杯浓黑咖啡增加了参与者的血糖反应。故选D项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“For their study, researchers at the University of
Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight
experiments, with at least a week between them.”和文章最后一段的“They found that
one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar and
insulin responses when compared to the normal night's sleep”可知,研究者是通过对比试
验结果得出结论的。故选A项。
长难句 They then experienced an interrupted night's sleep, where the researchers
woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages t o whic h the y ha d
t o respon d—and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.然后,他们经历了一个晚北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
上的被打扰的睡眠,研究人员每小时通过给他们发不得不回复的短信来叫醒他们五分钟
——一醒来他们也会得到同样的含糖饮料。
本句为主从复合句,句子的主干为:They experienced an interrupted night's sleep
and were given the same sugary drink.句中where引导的定语从句修饰先行词sleep,在定
语从句中to which they had to respond为定语从句,修饰先行词messages。
Passage 6
A company called Compass Pools has some good news for height and swimming
enthusiasts.Recently,the company announced their novel design—a first of its kind
360-degree pool which is set to be placed on a skyscraper in London.The Infinity
London will be the first and only building in the world to include this cutting-edge
pool design.The pool will be laid on top of a 55-story skyscraper and will allow
people to float over 200 meters above the London skyline with unobstructed(没有障碍
的) views of the city.
The entrance to the pool is hidden.People began to raise questions about how
anyone would get inside the pool.Compass Pools explains,“Swimmers will access the
pool through a rotating spiral( 螺 旋 形 的 ) staircase based on the door of a
submarine,rising from the pool floor when someone wants to get in or out.”
But that is not the only unique technology of the pool.The designers found a way
to make sure the wind doesn't blow the water down to the streets.They included a
built-in anemometer(风速计) to monitor the wind speed.It is linked to a computer-
controlled building management system which will also take care of the temperature
of the water.
Alex Kemsley promises that this unique pool will surpass everyone's
expectations.“It's quite a strange feeling to swim in the SkyPool at The Shard and
have helicopters flying past at your level but this pool takes it a step further,”he
says.“Putting your goggles(游泳镜) on and with a 360-degree view of London from 220m
up,it really will be something else—but it's definitely not one for the
acrophobic(恐高的)!”
While the exact date of the construction is not clear yet,if things go well,it
may begin in 2022.The location has yet to be confirmed too.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A.The Infinity London is the only building to swim in.
B.Swimmers can enjoy the views of London in the new pool.
C.The pool is located on the first floor of a skyscraper.
D.Compass Pools has built many 360-degree pools in the world.
2.What does the underlined word“that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.How to get a view of London.
B.How to monitor the wind speed.
C.How to get into or out of the pool.
D.How to keep the water in the pool.
3.Who might not be suitable to swim in the new pool?
A.People who enjoy flying.
B.People who lose weight.
C.People who fear heights.
D.People who have poor sight.
4.What can we know about the new pool?
A.It is not certain when people can swim in it.
B.The exact location of the construction is clear.
C.Swimmers can expect its designs easily.
D.It's impossible to monitor the temperature of the water.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。主
要讲述了一家名为Compass Pools的公司宣布了新设计,一个360度的游泳池将要安置在伦
敦的摩天大楼上。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知,游泳的人可以在游泳池里欣赏伦敦的景色,故
选B项。
2.C 推测词义题。第二段介绍了游泳池的入口,解释了怎样进出游泳池的问题,本句承接上
一段,从而推断出,that指的是“如何进出游泳池”。故选C项。
技巧点拨 做判断代词指代的试题,要根据“代词一般指代上文提到的人、物或事件”的原
则。本题中的that指代上段(即第二段)的内容,对关键信息进行概括即可获得答案。
3.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中but it's definitely not one for the acrophobic(恐北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
高的)可知,恐高的人不适合在这种游泳池里游泳。故选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 While the exact date of the construction is not
clear yet,if things go well,it may begin in 2022可知,人们什么时候可以在里面游泳还
不确定。故选A项。
Passage 7
There was a time when the major concern with AI safety had been the one evil
superintelligence, reflected in the movie “The Terminator”. However, the game
“Tacoma” takes a different approach. It assumes that there will be numerous AGI
(artificial general intelligence) in the world and that any AGI, even a safely
designed one, in the wrong hands at the wrong time could cause lives to be lost.
That's the future that a growing number of AI safety experts are worried about.
This is not a new idea. In the book “Engineering a Safer World,” MIT professor
Nancy G. Leveson addresses common misunderstandings about safety-critical systems
engineering: engineering systems whose failure could lead to human loss. Such
safety-critical technologies include aviation, nuclear power, automobiles, heavy
chemicals, biotechnology, and, of course, AGI.
So what can be done?
Technology isn't always the solution. A famous example is the invention of sonic
radars (声波雷达) that were supposed to help ships detect nearby obstacles, but
which only increased the rate of accidents. Why? Captains sailed faster, thinking
they could get away with it thanks to the new safety technology.
Instead of technologies, Leveson's book suggests, we should be making
organizational changes. Additionally, Leveson suggests, among many complicated
guidelines, organizations should be aware that safety guidelines will inevitably
become lax over time. As a consequence, measures should be carried out to prevent
potential disasters.
What lessons can we draw from concern with AI safety? The answer may lie in
recent disaster narratives (叙述), which remind us that, especially in times like
this, we shouldn't forget the potential for other disasters. Public awareness really
does matter. And if we're all better at thinking about safety as citizens, maybe we北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
really can prevent disasters.
1.Why does the author mention “The Terminator” in the first paragraph?
A.To arouse readers' interest in the film.
B.To introduce the topic of concern with AI safety.
C.To mention the similarity between “The Terminator” and “Tacoma”.
D.To make readers recall the evil superintelligence reflected in the movie.
2.Why did the rate of ship accidents still increase after the invention of sonic
radars?
A.Because captains seldom used them.
B.Because the radars failed to work properly.
C.Because captains depended on them too much.
D.Because the ships couldn't detect nearby obstacles.
3.What does the underlined word “lax” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A.Safe. B.Important.
C.Unreliable. D.Unnecessary.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Disaster prevention lessons from AI.
B.Safety problems in modern society.
C.Engineering development in modern days.
D.Future applications of artificial intelligence.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。文章主
要讲述了人们对人工智能安全的担忧。作者提出如果公民都能更好地考虑安全问题,也许我
们真的可以预防灾难。
1.B 推理判断题。根据下文可推断,作者提及《终结者》是为了引入对人工智能安全的担忧
的主题。故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据sonic radars可定位于第四段。根据Captains sailed faster,
thinking they could get away with it thanks to the new safety technology可知,是因为
他们过于依赖新技术使得事故发生更多。故选C项。
3.C 推测词义题。根据第五段的As a consequence, measures should be carried out to
prevent potential disasters可逆推,随着时间的推移,安全指南也不再安全可靠。故选C北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
项。
4.A 主旨要义题。根据最后一段的 What lessons can we draw from concern with AI
safety?及全文内容可知,本文主要讲述我们人类在对人工智能安全的担忧中获得的预防灾
害的教训。故选A项。
Passage 8
In a large survey of people's first memories, nearly 40% of participants
reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional, according to findings
published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological
Science.
Current research indicates that people's earliest memories date from around 3 to
3.5 years of age. However, the study from researchers at City, University of London,
the University of Bradford, and Nottingham Trent University found that 38.6% of
6,641 participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people
claiming memories from age 1 or younger. This was particularly prevalent among
middle-aged and older adults.
As many of these memories dated before the age of 2 and younger, the authors
suggest that these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments(碎片) of
early experience—such as a pram(婴儿车),family relationships and feeling sad—and
some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been
derived from photographs or family conversations.
“Further details may be unconsciously inferred or added,” added Shazia Akhatr,
first author on the study and Senior Research Associate at the University of
Bradford.
“When we looked through the responses from participants we found that a lot of
these first ‘memories’ were frequently related to infancy, and a typical example
would be a memory based around a pram,” explained Martin Conway, Director at the
Centre for Memory and Law at City, University of London and coauthor of the paper.
“For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying
something like ‘Mother and a large green pram’. The person then imagines what it would北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
have looked like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the person
will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top,” he added.
“Crucially, the person remembering them doesn't know this is fictional,” Conway
noted.In fact when people are told that their memories are false they often don't
believe it. This is partly due to the fact that the systems that allow us to remember
things are very complex, and it's not until we're 5 or 6 that we form adult-like
memories due to the way that the brain develops and due to our maturing understanding
of the world.
1.What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Unique. B.Crazy.
C.Common. D.Doubtful.
2.What can be concluded from the study mentioned in the passage?
A.Some people have clear knowledge about their own infancy.
B.Added details are an important clue to recall the childhood.
C.Most people claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger.
D.Talks between family members influence the earliest memories.
3.How did Martin Conway present his opinion?
A.By making a comparison.
B.By giving examples.
C.By analyzing data.
D.By referring to documents.
4.What's the main idea of the text?
A.Many people's earliest memories may be fictional.
B.People's earliest memories can date back to 2 or younger.
C.Middle-aged and older adults specialize in detailing their first memory.
D.Memories develop due to our maturing understanding of the world.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。一项大
型调查表明,近40%的受调查者反映的最初记忆可能是虚构的。
1.C 推测词义题。根据上文可知,6641名参与者中有38.6%的人声称拥有2岁或更小时以来
的记忆,893人声称拥有1岁或更小时以来的记忆,结合选项可推断出此处表示“这一现象北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
在中年的和更年长的成年人中尤为普遍”。故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中 these fictional memories are based on remembered
fragments(碎片) of early experience—such as a pram(婴儿车),family relationships
and feeling sad—and some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood
which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations可知,家庭成员
之间的对话会影响最早的记忆。故选D项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知, Martin Conway通过举例来说明自己的观点。故选
B项。
4.A 主旨要义题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的 In a large survey of people's first
memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be
fictional可知,本文主要讲研究表明许多人的最初记忆或许是虚构的。故选A项。
Passage 9
Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you
get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it's long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽)—chemicals in the
body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner's high”, a study
suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several
German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻
素)may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.
Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids
after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels,
the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.
But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However,
when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runner's high
symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner's high is
false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in
your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it's already well known
that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.
The UK's National Health Service even prescribes (开药方) exercise for patients
who are suffering from depression.
“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off
being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and
it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it
wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if
we don't fully understand where it comes from. At least if we're feeling down, we
know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
1.What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A.Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.
B.The runner's high could be caused by endocannabinoids.
C.Endorphins may contribute to one's high spirits after running.
D.The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one's mood.
2.The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to .
A.find what reduces the runner's high symptoms
B.see the specific symptoms of the runner's high
C.identify what is responsible for the runner's high
D.test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released
3.The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to .
A.effect
B.goal
C.question
D.belief
4.According to the UK's National Health Service, regular workouts .
A.are the best way to treat depression
B.can help ease depression symptoms
C.only work for those with serious depression
D.can help people completely recover from depression北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。跑步通常很累人,但在跑道上跑上几圈后跑步者会产生一种
兴奋感。长期以来,人们普遍认为这种跑步者兴奋感是一种名为内啡肽的化学成分产生的,
但一项新的研究结果证明情况并非如此。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段可知,一组被称为内源性大麻素的化学物质可能导致了这种
人们熟悉的兴奋感,故答案为B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三、四段尤其是第四段To test this theory, the scientists
turned to mice.可知科学家给小白鼠药物是为了确定是什么物质产生了跑步者兴奋感。
3.D 推测词义题。该词所在句子与第二段内容相呼应,因此notion的意思是“观点”,与
belief意思最相近,故答案为D项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have
depression,and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate depression可
知答案为B项(可帮助缓解抑郁的症状)。
Passage 10
Both fresh and processed foods make up vital parts of the food supply. Processed
food contributes to both food security (quantity) and nutrition safety (quality).
Nutrition and other professional scientists recognize that fresh, local foods
cannot meet all nutritional requirements. Food processing is necessary.
Although nutritional security and food security both depend on food processing,
in recent years there has been great public controversy over the nutritional
contribution that they make to our diets.
If enrichment were not present, large percentages of the population would have
had inadequate vitamins and trace elements(微量元素)in their diets. Thus, processed
foods are nutritionally important to our diets. How, then, do we increase the
contribution of processed food to nutritional security and food security?
Rather than limiting processed foods in the diet, it may be more productive to
encourage the best available food options, namely, those that provide fewer elements
to limit and more nutrients to encourage for the calories consumed.
One disadvantage of commercial food processing techniques is that they are
poorly understood.Commercial food processing involves techniques that are北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
difficult for the general public to grasp and that are out of their control, thus
introducing a lack of transparency(透明)and leading to suspicion and concerns about
safety in some individuals.
In addition, concerns about the nutritional content and other aspects of the
production of processed food have caused criticisms of processed foods as “over-
processed” and not compatible(兼容的)with good nutrition. However, the type and
extent of processing do not necessarily relate to nutritional content of the
product.
1.What causes disagreement over food processing?
A.Food quality.
B.Food options.
C.Food quantity.
D.Food supplies.
2.What does the underlined word “suspicion” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Excitement.
B.Satisfaction.
C.Depression.
D.Doubt.
3.What does the writer think of food processing?
A.It has a positive influence on people's diets.
B.It should be increased significantly.
C.It would require further investigation.
D.It offers people unnecessary extra nutrition.
答案
语篇解读 本文为议论文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章主要
讲述了加工食品是食品供应的重要组成部分,有助于食物安全和保证营养。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知,虽然营养安全和食品安全都取决于食品加工,但近
年来,它们对饮食的营养贡献引起了巨大的公众争议。所以,加工食品的质量导致了对加工
过程的争议。故选A。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据文章第五段可知,商业食品加工所涉及的技术,一般公众难以理解,北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
他们也无法控制,因此缺乏透明度,导致一些人对于安全的担心。画线词和 and 后的
concerns是并列关系。故选D。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的However, the type and extent of processing do
not necessarily relate to nutritional content of the product.可知,加工的种类和程度
并不一定与产品的营养成分有关。再结合文章整体可推断,作者认为食品加工对人们的饮食
有积极的影响。故选A。
Passage 11
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed life as we knew it just a few weeks ago.
Millions of people worldwide are now under required or voluntary lockdowns. All
public attractions, including museums and aquariums, are closed, and the usually
crowded streets of popular tourist destinations are empty. An unexpected silver
lining during these challenging times for humans is that many animals are finally
getting a chance to leave their normal habitats and move about freely.
The first animals to take advantage of human absence were Annie and Edward, two
penguins who live at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium. A video released on March 15, 2020,
showed the couple eagerly duckwalking around, exploring the aquarium's various
exhibits.The video, which instantly became popular, inspired other institutions to
share short videos of their four-legged creatures playing as well.
The Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio joined the fun trend on March 16, 2020, with a “Home
Safari” live-stream series—the first starring its adorable baby panda, Fiona. “Let
us help make your children's hiatus from school fun and educational,” zoo officials
announced. “Join us for a Home Safari Online Live each weekday at 3 p.m., where we
will highlight one of our amazing animals and include an activity you can do from
home.”
Meanwhile, the San Diego Safari Park has kept its webcams(网络摄像头)rolling,
allowing fans to enjoy lovable animals without leaving home. Animals in the wild are
also lively as humans stay indoors. The absence of cruise ships is bringing large
numbers of dolphins to a port in Cagliari, while groups of wild turkeys are happily
walking on the streets of Oakland.
Though the animals indeed appear to be having a good time, the heartwarming北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
videos and images shared on social media, are also bringing much-needed cheer to
millions of humans worldwide. Stay strong and healthy! We are all in this together!
1.What changes has the COVID-19 pandemic caused to the zoo animals?
A.They are now under required or voluntary lockdowns.
B.They can enjoy a free life without tourists' disturbance.
C.They will be faced with unexpected existing challenges.
D.They get a chance to wander about freely in the wild.
2.What does the underlined word “hiatus” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Courses.
B.Sightseeing.
C.Activities.
D.Interruption.
3.Why has the San Diego Safari Park kept its webcams rolling?
A.To enable people to admire animals at home.
B.To film the animals wandering about in the zoo.
C.To compete for more viewers online.
D.To record people's life in the COVID-19 crisis.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.The Pandemic Affects the World
B.Lovely Animals Bring Fun to People
C.Animals Play in the Absence of Humans
D.Stay Strong and Healthy in the Pandemic
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章介绍
了因为疫情缘故,人们无法出门,动物们开始了自由的狂欢。与此同时,各家动物园提供线上
节目使得人们在家也能欣赏动物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,在人类面临挑战的时期,一个意想不到的好消息是,许
多动物终于有机会离开它们平常的栖息地,自由活动。所以,新冠肺炎期间,景点的关闭使得
动物们能自由活动,没有游客的干扰。故选B。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的where we will highlight one of our amazing animals北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
and include an activity you can do from home可知,线上节目使孩子们从学习中暂时脱离
出来。所以hiatus为“间断,脱离”之意。故选D。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 allowing fans to enjoy lovable animals without
leaving home可知,应选A。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据全文可知,文章主要讲述了动物因为人们不能出门所得到的乐趣。故
选C。
Passage 12
Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also
live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all
become too much? With new crazes all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a
carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social
media?
“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn't exclusive to
this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet someone. Within five minutes they
have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape
these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing
could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate
to social media?
Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学),says the more
details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems
that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative
rather than the cry for help it could really be.
However, Dr. Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a
platform, the more socially attractive we become—provided that the posts that we
bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should
avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off,
especially about our love lives. It makes sense—if your date is going “that well”,
would you really have time to share a photo with text?
So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
real life? They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your
breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.
1.What does the underlined word “exclusive” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Unique.
B.Similar.
C.Relevant.
D.Fundamental.
2.Why do some people prefer oversharing at parties?
A.To draw others' attention.
B.To satisfy others' curiosity.
C.To remove negative feelings.
D.To develop good relationships.
3.Which of the following may Dr. Hand agree with?
A.Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy.
B.Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help.
C.Sharing negative posts can't help one become socially attractive.
D.Oversharing isn't likely to happen online when things go wrong.
4.According to the text, what should be avoided for online sharing?
A.Reflecting on past bad manners.
B.Showing a great many expensive goods.
C.Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast.
D.Recording unforgettable moments with friends.
答案
语篇解读 本文为议论文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文章议论
了社交媒体上的过度分享现象。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“Oversharing” has become associated with
social media可知,“过度分享”已经和社交媒体联系在一起了,下文又说,想象一下你去参
加一个聚会,遇到了某个人。不到五分钟,他们就透露了自己生活的私人细节。由此可知,“过
度分享”并不是这个平台独有的。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知,这种过度分享的形式可能来自与某人联系的强烈
愿望。所以,有些人喜欢在聚会上过度分享是为了发展良好的关系。故选D。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,Hand博士的研究似乎也表明,我们在平台上发布的
帖子越多,我们的社交吸引力就越大,前提是我们发布的帖子都是积极的。由此可推断,分享
负面帖子并不能帮助一个人在社交上变得有吸引力。故选C。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,我们应该避免在网上抱怨。我们也应该避免炫耀,
尤其是在我们的爱情生活上。由此可推断,展示许多昂贵的商品属于炫耀,应该避免。故选B。
Passage 13
Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos(文身).
The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The
device would look like a pair of tattoos on your palm and the side of your thumb, but
it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would
draw power from your body's energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, monitor
your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality.
UnderSkin is just an idea—you can't go out and get one—but the technology exists to
make it work. “We assume it is about five years from being real,” says designer Gadi
Amit.
The writer and technology entrepreneur Amal Graffstra already has a chip called
a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag (标签) implanted in his hand. “I use it
to log into my computer. I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says.
The chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio signals with a
unique identification number.
If a computerized tattoo or embedded tag isn't crazy enough for you, what about a
brain chip? The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control
your devices with your mind. Dean Pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains,
“We're trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves...Imagine
being able to surf the Web with the power of your thoughts.”
Do you think embedded chips sound cool or creepy? Some doctors are concerned
about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that
medical procedures are meant to heal sick people and not to give healthy people
special powers. Others worry about hacking and privacy. Could someone hack in and
steal your identity, or even control your mind? On a more philosophical level, if you北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
have a computer inside your body, are you still a human? Or are you a cyborg (半机械
人)?
What do you think—would you want a computer under your skin?
1.What can we learn about UnderSkin according to the passage?
A.It is a pair of tattoos on your palm.
B.It may come into being in five years.
C.It is able to respond to radio signals.
D.It can be charged through a computer.
2.Amal Graffstra is mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show .
A.there exists the technology to produce UnderSkin
B.Amal Graffstra can have access to advanced products
C.the RFID tag is quite useful for people in life
D.people tend to share contact details with people
3.What does the underlined word “creepy” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Amazing. B.Attractive.
C.Horrible. D.Useless.
4.What's the author's attitude towards the implanted computer?
A.Positive. B.Negative.
C.Objective. D.Indifferent.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学发展与信息技术创新。
文章主要介绍了芯片植入技术,同时引述了人们对它的看法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的We assume it is about five years from being real可知,
B项表述最相符。故选B。
2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的but the technology exists to make it work和第二段
的 Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency identification(RFID)
tag implanted in his hand可知,A项表述最相符,故选A。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句话中的 cool or creepy,基本可以将答案锁定在C、D两
个选项上。再根据下文中的concerned,hurting,worry等字眼可知,应选C。
4.C 推理判断题。positive积极的;negative消极的;objective客观的;indifferent漠不
关心的。根据文章,作者没有发表任何观点,只是陈述事实,文章最后一段中,也只是引用别北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
人的观点。因此,作者是客观的态度。故选C。
Passage 14
Our brain doesn't know how to be happy, or even content. It simply lacks the
genetic instructions to carry out that task. It knows how to do a million other less
important things, from writing a letter to maintaining our balance; from
appreciating the music of Bach to smelling a rose, but if you ask the brain to be
happy, it simply doesn't know how to respond.
This is because the genetic code is only concerned with survival and
reproduction, which happiness does not necessarily have anything to do with, and
therefore belongs in a different realm(范围). Nature doesn't want us to always feel
content and satisfied, let alone happy, as this would lower our guard against
possible threats to our survival.
Happiness, as the Brazilian poet Vinicius de Moraes put it, is “like a feather
flying in the air. It flies light, but not for very long”. It is so elusive that it has
also been compared to a butterfly, which “when pursued, is always just beyond your
grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you”, according to
19th-century American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne. In any case, what is clear is
that happiness is, at best, fleeting (飞逝的) and inconstant.
In this blog, we will look at the myth of happiness from many perspectives and,
in the process, we will touch on topics such as happy personalities, the unhappy
workings of the brain, evolution, dreams, and even fairy tales. I explore all these
issues in detail in my book, which shares its title with this blog. Happiness is a
crucial concept. We spend all of our lives pursuing it, so it deserves a very careful
analysis.
We are determined by our biological design to experience mixed and messy
emotions. But the silver lining is the knowledge that having difficult emotions
doesn't represent a personal failure. The inevitable unhappiness that we all suffer
from time to time is not a shortcoming that demands urgent repair. Far from it. This
unhappiness is, in fact, what makes us humans.
1.Why does our brain lack the genetic instructions to be happy?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.Because being happy is less important than appreciating and creating art.
B.Because happiness has little to do with the continuation of a species.
C.Because we tend to be more aware of the threats when we are unhappy.
D.Because feeling good isn't one of our concerns in living a life.
2.What does the underlined word in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A.Difficult to achieve.
B.Easy to expose.
C.Unable to explain.
D.Likely to remain.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A.We should make happiness our top concern no matter what.
B.Negative emotions always require immediate attention.
C.Social failures are more likely to be troubled by negative feelings.
D.We should accept difficult emotions as a natural part of life.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为认识自我。文章介绍了我
们大脑不知道怎么感到幸福并分析了其背后的原因,也引述了一些人的看法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的This is because the genetic code is only concerned
with survival and reproduction, which happiness does not necessarily have anything
to do with, and therefore belongs in a different realm.可知,幸福与物种的延续没有多
大关系。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。第三段将幸福比作任性的蝴蝶来调侃它的飘忽不定,它被追逐,却总是不
在你的掌控中,但是如果你悄悄地坐下,它会降落在你身上。由此可知,幸福是很难得到的。
故选A。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的But the silver lining is the knowledge that
having difficult emotions doesn't represent a personal failure. 以 及 This
unhappiness is, in fact, what makes us humans.可知,我们应该接受艰难的情绪作为生活
的一部分。故选D。
Passage 15
The story of a voyage bearing witness to plastic pollution in the oceans, Junk
Raft, based on facts, is an exciting book.Science educator and researcher Marcus北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Eriksen's navigational feat (航海壮举) is holding readers' attention and interest—
88 days crossing some 4,000 kilometers of the open ocean, on a raft (筏) made of
15,000 plastic bottles wrapped in fishing nets.But it is more.Two equally
fascinating story lines are made up through the written records of a series of
events:Eriksen's evolution from soldier to research director of the environmental
non-profit 5 Gyres Institute, and the journey we all need to take towards a more
sustainable use of plastics.
Around 15% of all the litter in our ocean is plastic, and a calculated 5 million
tons of plastic waste enter the seas annually.Unavoidably, it is now present at the
sea surface and on shorelines, in Arctic seas and on the sea bed at depths of 3,500
metres.Around 700 sea species are known to come into contact with pieces of waste
plastic material—and can be harmed or killed by taking in it or becoming twisted and
caught in it.
This environmental challenge has attracted increasing scientific, media and
societal attention in recent years, yet few accounts have conveyed the wider picture
accessibly—Junk Raft does just this—while exposing our frustratingly slow
progress on an issue of major importance to fisheries, tourism and, finally, the
health of the world's oceans.
Eriksen lists the issues associated with the accumulation of sea plastic:the
causes, consequences and potential solutions.Our single use culture is the main
offender.For more than 60 years, society and industry have been producing more and
more throwaway items' particularly packaging.Eriksen takes the crisis into
consideration together with a timeline of scientific discoveries and advancement
since the 1970s.Eriksen believes that the troubles of industry and policy
involvement is because people lack correct consciousness of the problem.
We are brought back to the realities of life aboard the raft, with Eriksen's
fellow sailor Joel Paschal.This is both fascinating and eventful, from their slow,
occasionally very dangerous progress to the moments when it seems the raft will break
up into pieces, littering the ocean with the waste material Eriksen is trying so hard
to fight against.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Junk Raft is filled with adventure, romance, a sense of optimism and important
truths that will be needed by the thousands of groups.It serves as a reflection of
the choices and journeys that each of us makes and helps us understand how plastic in
the oceans is closely connected with the future of human life.
1.What makes the book Junk Raft attractive to readers?
A.Eriksen's fellow sailor Joel Paschal.
B.Efforts made to put an end to the use of plastics.
C.Eriksen's adventures on the plastic ocean on a raft.
D.Eriksen's soldierly service and environmental study.
2.What has raised people's concern according to the passage?
A.More rubbish being poured into the ocean.
B.Plastics accumulating in rare species of fish.
C.Many species in the oceans suffering from shock.
D.The waters of the ocean being polluted by plastics.
3.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Making accounts accessible.
B.Listing the environmental issues.
C.Taking pollution into account.
D.Facing the environmental challenge.
4.What is the main reason for sea plastic pollution?
A.The overuse of household items.
B.The wasteful throwaway culture.
C.The production of more materials.
D.The failure to find potential solutions.
5.According to the passage, the trouble of industry and policy engagement is that
.
A.the current policy is yet to be further perfected
B.people turn a blind eye to the plastics industry
C.people lack correct awareness of the problem
D.the market need for plastics is enlarging on land
6.What is the author's attitude toward Eriksen's work?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.Cautious. B.Ambiguous. C.Doubtful.
D.Appreciative.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人类生存、社会发展
与环境的关系。本文介绍了一本书,书中描述了一个见证海洋塑料污染的航行故事。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中 Science educator and researcher Marcus Eriksen's
navigational feat is holding readers' attention and interest—88 days crossing some
4,000 kilometers of the open ocean, on a raft made of 15,000 plastic bottles wrapped
in fishing nets.(科学教育家兼研究员马库斯·埃里克森的航海壮举引起了读者的注意和兴
趣——他乘坐由15,000个被渔网包住的塑料瓶制成的筏子,历时88天,横渡了约4,000公
里的广阔的大海。)可知答案选C。
2.D 推理判断题。这本书主要讲述了海洋中的塑料污染情况,故答案选D。
3.A 词义猜测题。在本段中 this 指代的是前文提到的内容 have conveyed the wider
picture accessibly,故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中Our single use culture is the main offender.(我们的一
次性文化是罪魁祸首。)可知答案选B(铺张浪费的一次性文化)。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句话Eriksen believes that the trouble of industry
and policy involvement is because people lack correct consciousness of the problem.
(埃里克森认为,行业和政策介入的麻烦在于人们缺乏对问题的正确认识。)可知答案选C。
6.D 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段的描述 Junk Raft is filled with adventure,
romance, ... is closely connected with the future of human life.可知作者是非常欣赏
这本书的。故答案选 D。cautious 谨慎的;ambiguous 模棱两可的;doubtful 怀疑
的;appreciative欣赏的。
难句分析 原句:It serves as a reflection of the choices and journeys that each of us北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
makes and helps us understand how plastic in the oceans is closely connected with the
future of human life.
分析:本句中that引导定语从句,先行词为a reflection。how引导宾语从句。
译文:它反映了我们每个人的选择和旅程,并帮助我们理解海洋中的塑料与人类的未来
生活是如何紧密相连的。
Passage 16
At a large forest park in eastern Beijing, 11 birds on the state-level protection
list were recently released.
These birds had recovered after the Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation
Center rescued and took care of them.“We will speed up our efforts to push the
establishment of district-level wildlife rescue centers to jointly guard the health
of wildlife,” said Du Lianhai, director of the center.
The center was set up in 2001 and built a wildlife rescue base in the capital's
Shunyi District in 2005.Staff at the base have rescued and rehabilitated over 30,000
wild animals in total.
Wildlife protection has been strengthened in Beijing in recent years.On June
1st, the city's newly adopted regulation on wildlife protection took effect,
introducing stricter and more concrete measures to protect the environment and
wildlife.
For example, the regulation states clearly that Beijing bans hunting throughout
the year, compared with the previous regulation which bans hunting during the
periods of March to May and September to November each year.The new regulation also
gives severer punishment for poachers.
After years of monitoring, data with the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau
recently showed ecological reconstruction progress.The species and quantity of wild
animals in Beijing are continuously increasing, with the number of terrestrial
spinal wild animals (陆地脊椎野生动物) growing from 461 species in 1994 to more than
500.The habitat of the endangered bird has expanded from Fangshan District to the
whole city, according to the bureau.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
“The enforcement of the new regulation marked a new phase in Beijing's wildlife
protection work,” said Dai Mingchao, deputy director of the Beijing Gardening and
Greening Bureau.
“We will step up the publicity of the regulation and raise citizens' awareness
of wildlife protection,” Dai said.“In our integrated protection of mountains,
rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, we take into full consideration
the requirements of food-chain construction, ecological corridor construction, and
wildlife and their habitat protection.”
1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A.introduce the topic
B.present an argument
C.reach a conclusion
D.describe a place
2.What have the staff at the wildlife rescue base done?
A.They have sped up their efforts to help the birds recover.
B.They have guarded people's health against danger.
C.They have saved wild animals from a dangerous situation.
D.They have pushed the establishment of district-level wildlife rescue centers.
3.What does the underlined word “concrete” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Practical. B.Temporary.
C.Effective. D.Specific.
4.What do we know about the new regulation?
A.It is mainly targeted at poachers.
B.It is the first such regulation in Beijing.
C.It takes many years to come into being.
D.It prohibits people from hunting in Beijing all the year.
5.What can we learn from Paragraphs 7 and 8?
A.Beijing citizens are still not familiar with the new regulation.
B.After taking the new regulation, Beijing will enter a new phase.
C.They rarely give full consideration to the requirements of food-chain
construction.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.The protection of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands are
not in the new regulation yet.
6.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.How to protect wild animals in Beijing
B.Beijing steps up wildlife protection with new regulation
C.More district-level wildlife rescue centers established in Beijing
D.Wildlife protection has been strengthened in Beijing
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为对野生动物的保护。
本文介绍了北京为加强对野生动物的保护,通过了新的《野生动物保护条例》。
1.A 推理判断题。根据下文可知第一段的写作目的是引出后面对新的《野生动物保护条例》
的介绍,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中Staff at the base have rescued and rehabilitated
over 30,000 wild animals in total.(该基地的工作人员总共解救和护理好了3万多只野生
动物。)可知答案选C。
3.D 词义猜测题。第五段对上一段中的“stricter and more concrete measures”进行了举
例说明,根据第五段可知,这些措施更具体、更严格了。故选D,详细的。practical实际的,实
用的;temporary暂时的;effective有效的。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话可知,该条例全年禁止在北京打猎。故选D。
5.A 推理判断题。第八段第一句中We will step up the publicity of the regulation and
raise citizens' awareness of wildlife protection(我们将加大对这个条例的宣传力度,
提高公民保护野生动物的意识)可知新条例还有待宣传,广大市民还不熟悉条例内容。故选
A。
6.B 主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容,可知文章的目的是介绍和推广新的《野生动物保护条
例》。故选B(北京出台新规定,加大野生动物保护力度)。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Passage 17
A small, white envelope stuck among the branches of our Christmas tree and it has
been there for ten years or so.
It all began because my husband Justin hated Christmas—oh, not the true meaning
of Christmas.Overspending was one thing, but compared to the difficult experience of
choosing gifts—running around at the last minute to get a tie for Uncle Harry and a
pair of gloves for Grandma..., spending money is nothing.
I felt too tired to think of any special gifts.Knowing Justin felt the same way,
I decided one year not to buy the usual shirts, sweaters, ties and so on.I reached for
something special just for Justin.The inspiration came in an unusual way.
Our son Kevin, who was 12 that year, was wrestling at the junior level at the
school he attended;and shortly before Christmas, there was a match against a team
sponsored by an inner-city church.These youngsters, dressed in such worn-out shoes
that shoe strings seemed to be the only thing holding them together, while our boys
were in their blue and gold uniforms and new wrestling shoes.
As the match began, I was shocked to see that the other team were wrestling
without wearing helmets to protect their heads.Well, our boys ended up defeating
them.We took every weight class.
Justin, seated beside me, shook his head sadly, “I wish just one of them could
have won,” he said. “They have a lot of potential, but losing like this could take the
heart out of them.” Justin loved kids—all kids, and he knew them, having coached
football and baseball.That's when the idea for his present came.That afternoon, I
went to a local sporting goods store and bought different kinds of wrestling helmets
and shoes.I sent them to the inner-city church without leaving my name.
On Christmas Eve, I placed the envelope on the tree, the note inside telling
Justin what I had done and that was his gift from me.His smile was the brightest thing
about Christmas that year and since then the envelope has become the highlight of our
Christmas.
1.Justin hated Christmas because .
A.he thought Christmas makes no sense北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.he had a hard time choosing gifts
C.he spent too much money buying gifts
D.he disliked putting gifts under the Christmas tree
2.We know from the passage that the team sponsored by inner-city church .
A.were well dressed
B.paid no attention to safety
C.feared Kevin's team
D.couldn't afford helmets
3.Justin felt sad mainly because the youngsters in the other team .
A.didn't wear any helmets
B.were dressed in worn-out shoes
C.may lose confidence completely
D.failed in the match against his son
4.The underlined word in the last paragraph refers to .
A.what the writer had done
B.the envelope on the tree
C.the note inside the envelope
D.the gifts the writer sent to church
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.A Church Gift
B.A Special Note
C.A White Envelope
D.A Christmas Card
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活。本文讲述
了作者为丈夫精心准备一份特殊圣诞节礼物的故事。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知贾斯廷讨厌的是选择礼物的过程。故选B项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中As the match began, I was shocked to see that the
other team were wrestling without wearing helmets to protect their heads.(比赛开始
后,我震惊地看到另一支队伍在摔跤时没有戴头盔保护头部。)和下文可知这支队伍没有钱
买头盔,故选D项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中They have a lot of potential, but losing like this
could take the heart out of them.(他们很有潜力,但是像这样输掉比赛会让他们失去信心
的。)可知选C。
4.A 词义猜测题。最后一段第一句中that指代前面的what I had done。故答案选A。
5.C 主旨大意题。这篇文章讲述了作者为丈夫准备的特殊礼物,并把礼物放到了一个白色
信封里,挂在了圣诞树上。故选C。
难句分析 原句:These youngsters, dressed in such worn-out shoes that shoe strings
seemed to be the only thing holding them together, while our boys were in their blue
and gold uniforms and new wrestling shoes.
分析:这句话中dressed in such...作伴随状语,such...that...“如此……以至于……”
表示结果;while“然而”表对比。
译文:这些年轻人穿着破旧的鞋子,似乎只有鞋带把它们连在一起,而我们的男孩们则穿
着金蓝相间的制服和新的摔跤鞋。
Passage 18
Range anxiety(里程焦虑), the fear of running out of power before being able to
recharge an electric vehicle, may be a thing of the past, according to a team of Penn
State engineers who are looking at lithium iron phosphate batteries(磷酸铁锂电池)
that have a range of 250 miles with the ability to charge in 10 minutes.
“We developed a pretty clever battery for mass-market electric vehicles,”said
Chao-Yang Wang, a professor and director of the Electrochemical Engine Center at
Penn State. “There is no more range anxiety and this battery is affordable.” The
researchers also say that the battery should be good for 2 million miles in its
lifetime.
They report today in Nature Energy that the key to long-life and rapid recharging
is the battery's ability to quickly heat up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit, for charge and
discharge, and then cool down when the battery is not working.
The battery uses a self-heating approach previously developed in Wang's center.
The self-heating battery uses a thin sheet of nickel foil(镍箔) with one end attached
to the negative terminal and the other extending outside the cell to create a third
terminal.Once electrons flow, it rapidly heats up the nickel foil through resistance北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
heating and warms the inside of the battery.Once the battery's internal temperature
is 140 degrees F, the switch opens and the battery is ready for rapid charge or
discharge.
“This battery has slenderized weight, volume and cost,” said Wang. “I am very
happy that we finally found a battery that will benefit the mainstream consumer mass
market.”According to Wang, these smaller batteries can produce a large amount of
power upon heating. An electric vehicle with this battery could go from zero to 60
miles per hour in 3 seconds and would drive like a Porsche,he said.“This is how we are
going to change the environment and not contribute to just the luxury cars,”said
Wang. “Let everyone afford electric vehicles.”
1.Which can best describe the battery in the text?
A.Cheap and heavy.
B.Costly but beneficial.
C.Expensive but small-sized.
D.Affordable and efficient.
2.Why can the battery be used for long and charged so fast?
A.It is environmentally friendly.
B.It heats up and cools down rapidly.
C.It helps speed up the car instantly.
D.It charges when it doesn't work.
3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A.How the battery works.
B.Advantages of the battery.
C.How the battery is produced.
D.Applications of the battery.
4.The underlined word “slenderized” in Paragraph 5 can probably be replaced by
.
A.promoted
B.gathered
C.combined
D.reduced北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
答案
语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技进步。宾夕法尼亚
州立大学电化学发动机中心开发了一款新型电池,解决了电力汽车司机开车时的里程焦虑问
题。
1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:哪一项能最好地描述本文中的这款电池?根据第2段中
“There is no more range anxiety and this battery is affordable.”(不再有里程焦虑,而
且这种电池价格合理)可知答案为D项。根据最后一段中“This battery has slenderized
weight, volume and cost”可排除其他选项。
2.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么这款电池使用时间长且充电速度很快?根据第3段
内容(他们在今天的《自然·能源》杂志上报道,长寿命和快速充电的关键是电池在充放电时能
快速加热到华氏140度,然后在电池不工作时冷却)可知答案为B项。
3.A 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:第4段主要讲的是什么?第4段介绍了这款新型电池的工
作原理,由此可知答案为A项。
4.D 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第5段中的画线词“slenderized”可能被 代替。根
据上下文逻辑及构词法(slenderize是由形容词 slender“苗条的,细的”加上动词后缀
“ize”构成)可知画线词可由reduce(缩小,减轻)替代,故答案为D项。
Passage 19
As PhD research goes, Brian Wisenden was enviable, watching baby fish swimming
swiftly through the clear waters in the Costa Rican tropical dry forest. By recording
their growth and numbers, he hoped to look at their risks of being eaten. Instead, he
witnessed something odd. Many groups were increasing in numbers. In these groups,
some were smaller than others, suggesting they weren't siblings ( 兄 弟 姐 妹 ).
Wisenden had accidentally discovered that the fish, called convict cichlids, adopt
each other's babies. Why would they do that, he wondered?
In the human world, we think of adoption as a selfless act. But in nature, its
presence is puzzling. Taking on the burden of bringing up babies with no genetic link
would seem to reduce an animal's chances of survival or at least provide no gain.
Yet, adoption is surprisingly common in the world.
Take the eastern grey kangaroo. Between 2008 and 2013, Wisenden followed the
fates of 326 baby kangaroos in the National Park in Victoria and recorded 11 cases of北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
pouch (育儿袋) swapping. The circumstances behind some of these adoptions aren't
known, but four were straight swaps and another four occurred after a mother had lost
her own baby.
How come? Before independence, baby kangaroos go through a period inside and
outside their mother's pouch. Following out-of-pouch attacks, mothers normally
sniff their young before allowing them back in, but Wisenden's team suspect that
during an emergency they may skip the sniff test, allowing a vulnerable baby to
quickly climb in before fleeing from danger. Once inside the wrong pouch, the young
may fake the mother's odor, making them smell confusingly like her own children. So,
poor baby recognition is the prime cause of “accidental” adoption.
Some of nature's adoptions are, actually, driven by young looking for better
prospects. In burrower bugs, for example, females lay a nest of eggs close to those
of unrelated bugs. Mother bugs look after their developing eggs before they hatch,
then feed their babies nuts from weedy mint plants. Finding nuts is a competitive
business, so not every mother bug gets her fair share. And if the delivery rate isn't
up to scratch, clever young may abandon their mothers to join a better-fed group.
That's similar to behavior in several varieties of gulls whose babies, if poorly fed,
may leave home in search of better parents.
The consequences of adoption following mistaken identity can be dire (糟糕的).
The true babies of adopting mothers were abandoned. But it can have remarkable
benefits, not just for adoptees but also for adoptive parents.
1.It can be inferred from the passage that Wisenden's findings are .
A.too strange to be witnessed
B.envied by his peer co-researchers
C.out of his own expectations
D.a sound proof of his research object
2.Which is NOT the reason for adoption in the animal kingdom?
A.Parents' inability to provide enough food.
B.Baby animals' looking for better parenting.
C.Parents' failure to recognize their own babies.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.Selfless adoption commonly seen in the animal world.
3.The underlined word “vulnerable” in the fourth paragraph means .
A.independent and well-fed
B.fragile and poorly raised
C.naughty and easily hurt
D.weak and easily attacked
4.What will the author most probably talk about next?
A.The benefits for adopters.
B.The consequences of adoption.
C.The benefits for baby animals.
D.The consequences of wrong identity.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然科学研究结果。本文
介绍了一些动物的一种奇怪的行为,即抚养与自己没有基因联系的幼崽。
1.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文章中我们可以推断出Wisenden的发现是 。根
据第1段第2、3句(通过记录它们的生长和数量,他希望能研究它们被吃掉的风险。相反,他
看到了一些奇怪的事情)可知:Wisenden的发现是出乎意外的,故答案为C项。
2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在动物王国里,哪一项不是收养的理由?根据第2段第1
句(在人类世界,我们认为收养是一种无私的行为)可知:在人类世界收养是一种无私的行为,
而不是在动物王国,故答案为D项。根据第5段倒数第1、2、3句(寻找坚果是一件竞争激烈的
工作,所以并不是每个土蝽妈妈都能得到公平的份额。如果出生率不合乎标准,聪明的孩子
可能会抛弃自己的母亲,加入一个更好的群体。那与几种海鸥的行为相似,它们的孩子如果
被喂养不好,可能会离家去寻找更好的父母)可排除A、B项;根据第4段最后一句(因此,识别
幼崽能力差是“意外”收养的主要原因)可排除C项。
3.D 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第4段中画线词“vulnerable”的意思是 。根据画
线词所在句子中的“to quickly climb in before fleeing from danger”(逃离危险前快速爬
进去)可推知画线词的意思是“弱小且容易被袭击的”,故答案为D项。
4.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者接下来极有可能谈什么?根据最后一段最后一句(但
它可以有显著的好处,不仅对被收养者,而且对收养孩子的父母)可知作者在接下来可能会谈
论对收养者的好处,故答案为A项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Passage 20
When I was seven, my family and I were coming back from a T-ball game. In our
driveway, we spotted two adult geese and a small gosling. The adults were frightened
by our return and flew away, but their baby was still too young to fly and couldn't
follow.
Hours passed, and night fell. The tiny little thing was wandering around our
yard, unaware of what could happen, and it was clear that the gosling needed
protection, warmth and food to make it to the morning. At that point, we had to bring
him into our backyard.
We all pretty much slept with one eye open for several days. Each morning, we
would try to rush the goose over to his parents, who kept coming back to our yard. He
wouldn't go to them, though, and they wouldn't come close enough to claim him. The
young goose had clearly decided we were his new family, and my twin sister Joanna
called the little guy Peeper.
Almost a year passed and we settled into a routine filled with feathery hugs and
company. One evening, my uncle came over, and my dad threw Peeper up into the air to
show he could fly around the house, but this time, Peeper just flew off. Everyone was
very sad. Twenty years passed, and Peeper became a fond memory for my family.
In 2019, an aging adult goose made his way back to my home. At first, I assumed it
was just another Canada goose. After two weeks of the goose coming back repeatedly,
it became clear to me that this wasn't a random goose. He did all of the things Peeper
used to do, like trying to come in through the front door and sleeping in our enclosed
pool area. Besides, this goose responded to the name Peeper. Much to my amazement, my
old best friend had returned, 20 years later.
1.Why did the author bring the little goose home that night?
A.It couldn't find its parents.
B.It was too fragile to survive.
C.It wanted to stay in the yard.
D.It enjoyed the author's company.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.What does the underlined word “claim” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Get. B.Forgive.
C.Challenge. D.Annoy.
3.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A.She named the goose Peeper.
B.She set Peeper free on purpose.
C.She had deep feelings for Peeper.
D.She trained the goose to fly daily.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A feathered family member.
B.The return of a long lost friend.
C.The reunion of a goose family.
D.An adventurous journey home.
答案
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。作者7岁时,一
只小鹅被带回了她的家,成了作者一家人的朋友。当小鹅长大后,它飞走了,可20年后那只鹅
又回到了作者的家。
1.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:那天夜里,作者为什么把那只小鹅带回家?根据第2段第2
句中的(很明显,这只小鹅需要保护、温暖和食物才能活到早晨)可知答案为B项。
2.A 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第3段中的画线词“claim”是什么意思?根据画线词所在
句(它不去找它们,它的父母也不肯走近它)可推知画线词的意思是“认领”,故答案为A项。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:关于作者,我们可以从文中推断出什么?根据第4段中的
内容(但这次,佩珀飞走了。每个人都很伤心。二十年过去了,佩珀成了我们家的美好回忆)可
推知:作者对那只名为佩珀的小鹅感情很深,故答案为C项。
4.B 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文主要讲的是什么?本文讲述的是作者7岁时,一只小
鹅被带回家,成了作者一家人的朋友。当小鹅长大后,它飞走了,可20年后那只鹅又回到了作
者的家。由此可知本文主要讲的是“久违朋友的归来”,故答案为B项。
Passage 21
Thankfully, I found the courage to persevere in the face of adversity and
succeeded. Otherwise, I could be a victim and feel sorry for myself for the rest of my北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
life.
A doctor told me at a young age that I would likely never graduate from high
school due to my severe hearing loss and my extremely slow speech development. I
found the courage to work hard in school and be active in sports and other activities
despite wearing hearing aids and living with a 70% hearing loss. By the time I was
college-age, I started losing my night vision. I decided to go away to college 300
miles from home. I obtained my bachelor's degree and graduated with honors. Even
though I had terrible hearing loss and was beginning to lose my sight at night, I
found the courage to begin a professional career.
After earning my MBA degree, I accepted a position with Kellogg in the Corporate
Affairs Department. When I was working on my MBA degree, I found the courage to ask
someone successful despite facing similar challenges to mentor( 指 导 ) me. He
encouraged me to consider Kellogg as he knew the company was committed to diversity
and inclusion (包容). I nervously started my new career, because my vision loss had
progressed significantly in the past few years. I am thankful to have a mentor that
encouraged me and I am thankful I found the courage to apply for a position with
Kellogg.
While Kellogg fosters a supportive, encouraging environment, it still takes
courage for me to require what I need to make sure I am successful in my career. I need
courage to speak up and ask for suitable accommodations to do my job. I also have to
ask for assistance navigating through unfamiliar areas. I have found that everyone
at Kellogg is always more than willing to take my requests into account.
Even though I face daily challenges, I have so much to be grateful for. We often
face difficulties we cannot control, but we can be courageous in order to face
adversity and address challenges.
1.What does the underlined word “adversity” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Advertisement.
B.Reality.
C.Difficulty.
D.Reward.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.When the author was in high school, she .
A.was very talkative in class
B.was engaged in sports actively
C.suffered a severe medical error
D.dropped out once for her hearing loss
3.What motivated the author to apply for a job in Kellogg?
A.A mentor's encouragement.
B.Her aggressive personality.
C.Her interest in a challenging job.
D.The company's support for the disabled.
4.We can infer from Paragraph 4 that .
A.she picked up many skills for this job
B.she has met with a lot of misunderstandings
C.she has to gain lots of support for her career
D.she achieved great success in her career
答案
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为人生态度。作者讲述了通
过自己在逆境中坚持不懈的努力获得成功的经历。
1.C 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第1段中画线词“adversity”可能是什么意思?根据下文
(否则,我会成为一个牺牲品,自己的整个余生都会感到遗憾)可判断画线词所在句子的意思
是:我找到了面对逆境坚持下去的勇气,并成功了。由此可知画线词的意思是“逆境”,与
“difficulty”意思相近,故答案为C项。
2.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在作者上高中时,她 。根据题干中的“high
school”可知第2段为本题的答案区间,根据第2段第2句“I found the courage to work
hard in school and b e activ e i n sport s an d othe r activitie s despite wearing hearing
aids and living with a 70% hearing loss.”可知答案为B项。
3.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:是什么激励作者申请凯洛格的工作?根据第3段中的“He
encourage d m e t o conside r Kellog g as he knew the company was committed to diversity
and inclusion.”可知答案为A项。
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第4段我们能推断出 。根据第4段尤其是第1句
(虽然凯洛格公司营造了一个能够提供帮助的、令人鼓舞的环境,但我仍然需要勇气要求我北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
所需要的,以确保我在工作中获得成功)可知作者为了自己的工作,需要获得许多支持。故答
案为C项。
Passage 22
During this year's Spring Festival, Ma Rui made a meme(表情包)by forming a
collage(拼贴画)of her portrait and images of firecrackers and golden coins. Ma sent
it to relatives and friends on social media as her new year's greeting.
“Traditional text greetings are tedious. A meme sticker of myself is more
creative and personal,” said Ma, a 38-year-old woman working in Yinchuan. As a
regular meme maker, Ma also made her cat and dog the main characters of her
creations. With her ever-increasing meme collection, she can deal with most online
communications by sending memes without sending a text message.
On China's most popular social networking apps WeChat and QQ, many users have
developed the habit of collecting memes in their accounts, including those featuring
celebrities, animals, and cartoon characters. Ma has been using emojis and memes on
WeChat for about 10 years, but they were limited in the past.
In recent years, meme-making has become a new trend, with the emergence of more
designers and apps for making memes. With free apps, people can create their own
memes and share them online. As an industry, meme-making can also bring decent
incomes for meme designers, injecting vitality into related products and
industries.“A good meme can accurately express what one means and reduce
misunderstanding and embarrassment. This is why people need it,”said Luo Yalong, a
30-year-old meme designer.
Luo created a cartoon character named “Little Chubby Inu”. With this image, he
designed nearly one thousand memes with different expressions, which have been used
billions of times on WeChat since it was first introduced in 2017.
The image of Little Chubby Inu has also been printed on T-shirts, mugs, and
cosmetics and packages of popular drink brands. This year, Luo opened an online store
for Little Chubby Inu-themed products.
By drawing inspiration from popular websites young people like to visit, Luo has
become a prolific meme-maker, creating a new series of memes every two or three北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
months. “Attractive memes are emerging every day, while users' tastes are ever-
changing. For us designers, it causes great pressure but also presents immense
opportunities,” Luo said.
1.What does the underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Narrow.
B.Dull.
C.Ancient.
D.Common.
2.What do Luo's words in the last paragraph suggest?
A.Designers should cater for users' appetite.
B.Memes cause great pressure for designers.
C.New interesting memes are arising every day.
D.More and more memes bring us opportunities.
3.What is the main idea of the text?
A.The stories about some famous meme-makers.
B.Memes' going viral on Chinese social networking apps.
C.The difference between old and new greetings.
D.Memes' creating cartoon characters.
答案
语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为信息技术创新。本文介
绍了在社交网络应用程序上出现的表情包。
1.B 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第2段中画线词“tedious”是什么意思?画线词所在句子
(传统的短信问候……)是与下句(我自己的表情包更有创意,也更个性化)进行比较的,根据
其中的“more creative and personal”可知画线词“tedious”意为“乏味的”,此意与B项
(dull)相符,故答案为B项。
2.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:最后一段中罗说的话暗示着什么?根据最后一段罗说的
(诱人的表情包每天都在出现,而用户的品味也在不断变化。对于我们设计师来说,这带来了
巨大的压力,但同时也展现了巨大的机遇)可知B、C、D三项都是他直接说出来的内容而非暗
示内容,只有A项(设计者应该迎合用户的品味)是他的话所暗示的,故为答案。
3.B 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的中心思想是什么?文中的关键词是memes, 并非聚焦
两位设计师的个人故事, 而是借助两位设计师的设计给读者呈现表情包迅速走红这一现象,北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
故答案为B项。
Passage 23
In recent years, Ethiopia has become a regional leader in solid waste
management. Last year, the country transformed the landfill(垃圾填埋场)in Addis
Ababa into a new waste-to-energy plant, the first such project on the continent. The
plant incinerates up to 1,400 tonnes of waste every day, about 80 percent of the
city's rubbish, supplying the capital with 25 percent of its household electricity
needs.
However, despite these important steps, challenges remain in Ethiopia. Although
the country has permitted the Basel, Stockholm and Rotterdam conventions, laws and
policies on environmentally sound management of hazardous (危险的)wastes are still
not effective in preventing littering illegally.
To help Ethiopia meet these challenges, the Chemicals and Waste Management
Program is supporting the country with a three-year project to enhance its capacity
for sound management of hazardous wastes.
In the initial stages, a project management unit will be formed, made up of many
representatives from government departments and private organizations. This unit
will be responsible for reviewing and assessing Ethiopia's current legal system,
which, despite numerous advances in recent years,does not specifically target the
recycling of hazardous waste. Once legal gaps are identified, the project will seek
to update existing policies and strategies.
Many people in Ethiopia are not aware of the possible effect of environmental
damage and the need to report such crimes to the police. To resolve this pressing
issue, Ethiopia will be conducting a series of capacity-building activities,
including creating awareness-raising programs,training trainers and providing
equipment.
Ethiopia will also work to establish a national mechanism for chemicals and
waste management by engaging government departments and civil society groups.
Authorities will also make budgetary provisions (预算拨款)in national, regional and
institutional planning to ensure funding for these activities is sustainable even北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
after the project's completion.
1.Which can replace the underlined word “incinerates” in Paragraph 1?
A.produces B.gathers
C.burns D.absorbs
2.What's the main problem of Ethiopia in waste management?
A.The funds are not sufficient.
B.The shortage of workers is severe.
C.The pollution level is too high.
D.The relevant laws are not sound.
3.What will Ethiopia do to help the natives protect the environment?
A.Raise their environmental awareness.
B.Call on them to start some programs.
C.Reward them with budgetary provisions.
D.Restrict their environmental movement.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Ethiopia is facing serious environmental problems.
B.Ethiopia is putting efforts into waste management.
C.Ethiopia has achieved success in waste management.
D.Ethiopia has reduced environmental pollution levels.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护。本文介绍了埃
塞俄比亚废物处理的有关情况。
1.C 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:哪一项可以取代第1段中的画线词“incinerates”?根据
语境可推知画线词所在句子意为:这家工厂每天焚烧多达1,400吨的垃圾,约占该市垃圾的
80%,为首都提供25%的家庭用电需求。由此可知画线词的意思是“焚烧”,故答案为C项。
2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在废物管理方面,埃塞俄比亚的主要问题是什么?根据第
2段第2句(虽然该国已经批准了巴塞尔、斯德哥尔摩和鹿特丹公约,但危险废物的无害环境
管理的法律和政策仍然不能有效地防止非法乱扔废物)及第3段(为了帮助埃塞俄比亚应对
这些挑战,化学品和废物管理计划正在支持该国实施一个为期三年的项目,以增强该国对危
险废物进行健全管理的能力)可知:埃塞俄比亚在废物管理方面的主要问题是相关法规不健北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
全,故答案为D项。
3.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:埃塞俄比亚为了帮助本地人保护环境将做什么事情?根据
第 5 段 中 的 “ ...Ethiopia will be conducting a series of capacity-building
activities, including creatin g awareness-raisin g program s,training trainers and
providing equipment.”可知答案为A项。
4.B 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文主要讲了什么?根据第1段(主题段落)可知本文主要
讲的是埃塞俄比亚在废物处理方面的努力,故答案为B项。
Passage 24
词数 425
The Land Under the Sea
Ten thousand years ago, as the last ice age ended, sea level around the world was
far lower than it is today. Much of the land under both the North Sea to the east of
Britain and the English Channel which now separates France and Britain was part of a
huge region of forests and grassy plains. Then the climate gradually became warmer
and the water trapped in large masses of ice was released.
Now the development of advanced sonar (声呐) technology, known as bathymetry, is
making it possible to study this flooded landscape in extraordinary detail. A
special echo (回声) sounder is fixed to the bottom of a survey ship and it makes wide
sweeps across the seabed. While previous technology has only been able to produce
two-dimensional images, bathymetry can now use computers, satellite-positioning
equipment and special software to create accurate and remarkably detailed maps. For
the first time, an ancient riverbed jumps out of the three-dimensional image. The
site of prehistoric settlements can now be pinpointed.
According to expert Linda Andrews, this technological development is of huge
significance. “We now have the ability to map the seabed as accurately as we can map
dry land,” she says.
Once bathymetric techniques have identified sites where people might have built
their homes and villages, divers can be sent down to investigate further. Robot
submarines (潜艇) can also be used, and researchers hope they will find stone tools
and wood from houses as proof of human activity. The idea shared by many people in
Britain of their country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
findings:Britain has been inhabited for about 500,000 years and much of this time it
has been linked on and off to continental Europe. It remains to be seen how far this
new awareness is taken on board, however.
In fact, the use of bathymetry will not be limited to the study of lost
landscapes and ancient settlements. It will also be vital in finding ships that have
been destroyed in accidents. In addition, commercial applications are a real
possibility. Aggregates ( 骨 料 ) for the construction industry are becoming
increasingly expensive, and bathymetry can be used to identify suitable sites for
digging for this material. Mapping the seabed will also identify places where rare
plants and shellfish are living. Digging at such sites should be prevented, either to
work for a profit or to make deeper waterways for massive container ships.
1.How does bathymetry work?
A.It has an echo sounder placed on the seabed.
B.It makes use of a number of different devices.
C.It produces two-dimensional images of the sea floor.
D.It bases its calculations on the location of construction sites.
2.What does the underlined word “pinpointed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Occupied.
B.Adjusted.
C.Rebuilt.
D.Discovered.
3.The author believes a better understanding of the settlements on the seabed may
.
A.attract investment in the research under the sea
B.inspire people to take an interest in modern technology
C.adapt the attitudes of the British to their country's history
D.receive confirmation of rebuilding ancient man-made objects
4.We can learn that the use of bathymetry will help to .
A.identify new species of plants and animals
B.provide the precise location of sunken ships
C.evaluate the cost of seeking certain resources北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.promote the development of deeper waterways
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然科学研究成果。文章主要介绍
了海洋测深技术以及它在确定古代居民点和发现沉没船只方面的作用。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 While previous technology has only been able to
produce two-dimensional images, bathymetry ca n no w us e computers , satellite -
positionin g equipmen t an d specia l softwar e to create accurate and remarkably
detailed maps.可知,它使用许多不同的设备。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词所在句前的For the first time, an ancient riverbed
jumps out of the three-dimensional image.(一个古代的河床第一次通过三维图像呈现出
来。)可知,史前居民点的位置可以被找到(discovered)。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句中的 Th e ide a shared by many people in Britain of
their country as a natural island kingdom wil l b e challenge d b y th e finding s 可知,(因
为这些发现)英国人对自己国家历史所持有的态度可能会发生改变。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句In fact, the use of bathymetry will not be
limited to the study of lost landscapes and ancient settlements. I t wil l als o b e
vita l i n findin g ship s that have been destroyed in accidents.可知,海洋测深技术的使
用能够提供沉没船只的准确位置。
Passage 25
A 2018 report found that food waste would increase by a third to 2.1 billion tons
by 2030.Beyond the cost of the waste itself,thrown-away food generates a gas that
contributes to climate change.
Home delivery meal kits can reduce food waste by more than two-thirds,but
suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally
friendly.
Tailor-made meal kits cut waste by providing people with precise amounts of
fresh ingredients(原料)for chosen recipes, meaning leftovers are minimized. But
while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same food
ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because
meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if people have北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
meals that are tailored for consumption, they won't overbuy and have less food waste.
They fine-tune the amount of food to what they will actually eat.
Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放物) if people go to the supermarket
less frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper, they
may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals
for a lot of people in the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with
one truck trip.
However, studies found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to
zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the
supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. The
packaging is a killer if it's single-use and thrown away, which can make all the
environmental benefits lost. But if the packaging can be reused, if it's the glass
bottle, like in the old days, we can get some benefits.
1.What can we learn about home delivery meal kits?
A.They can cut down on daily expenses.
B.They will totally solve the problem of food waste.
C.They can keep energy consumption to a minimum.
D.They will benefit the environment with reusable packaging.
2.What does the underlined word“fine-tune”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Attach. B.Adjust.
C.Raise. D.Compare.
3.Carrying meals with a delivery truck can .
A.reduce transport emissions
B.save more food
C.make people shop only in the supermarket
D.shorten car trip distances
4.What's the author's attitude to meal kits?
A.Supportive.
B.Unfavorable.
C.Objective.
D.Indifferent.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与社会。家庭送餐包可以减少超过三分之二的食
物浪费,但供应商需要改用可重复使用的包装,使其更加环保。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知选D项。
2.B 猜测词义题。根据上文 if people have meals that are tailored for consumption,
they won't overbuy and have less food waste及画线词所在句可知,人们可以根据实际要
吃多少来调整食物数量。故选B项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 Meal kits can reduce transport emissions if
people go to the supermarket less frequently.和 So dozens of car trips might be
replaced with one truck trip.可知选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。文章介绍了餐包的利与弊,因此可知,作者对餐盒的使用持客观的态度。
故选C项。
高级语块 1.switch to切换到,转到,转变成
2.precise adj.准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的
3.use up用完,耗尽;用光
长难句 However, studies found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to
zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the
supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. 然
而,研究发现,即使送餐包将食物浪费减少到零,它们总体上仍然比从超市购买同样的食物消
耗更多的能量,除非用于餐包包装的能量被削减五分之一。
本句为主从复合句。句中连接词that引导宾语从句。在宾语从句中,even if引导让步
状语从句,unless引导条件状语从句。
Passage 26
The world's two largest pizza chains, Dominos and Pizza Hut, are constantly
trying to come up with new ways to keep existing customers and attract new ones.
While Dominos attract fans by using high-tech concepts like delivery robots, Pizza
Hut focuses on making the delivery box more exciting. In 2015, they introduced a
pizza box that could be transformed into a movie projector (放映机) and now, one that
turns into a fully functioning DJ.
The battery-powered DJ Pizza box looks like a normal delivery box from outside.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
However, flip (轻弹) it up and you will find something amazing. To transform the box
into a playable DJ, the user has to sync it to a smart phone or computer via Bluetooth
and connect it to a DJ software. Once the setup is complete, the DJ can instantly
become the life of the party by pressing on the cardboard keys in the box.
As you may have already guessed, getting your hands on this lightweight DJ
turntable is not going to be easy. The limited edition box which was shown to the
public earlier this month is only available in the United Kingdom, and even worse, at
just five of the country's 350 Pizza Hut location.
Though that is unfortunate, Pizza Hut did introduce a Flick Football Field pizza
box for its US fans this week. It features a football field printed on top and comes
with removable goal posts, football triangles, and a scorecard. The tabletop game is
played by flipping the paper balls back and forth across the board and seeing where
they land on the scoreboard. The player with the highest score wins. Though it may
not be as exciting as the playable DJ, the game board is easier to obtain since they
are available at all US Pizza Hut locations with the purchase of a medium pie.
1.Why does Pizza Hut focus on new forms of delivery boxes?
A.To absorb Dominos.
B.To increase its sales.
C.To make its pizza tastier.
D.To please British customers.
2.What does the underlined word “sync” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Add. B.Link.
C.Gather. D.Collect.
3.What do we know about the Flick Football Field box?
A.It is a limited edition pizza box.
B.It is intended for customers in the US.
C.Any Pizza Hut customer can get one.
D.It seems more interesting than a DJ box.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最大的两家比萨饼连锁店——Dominos
和 Pizza Hut一直在努力想出新的方法来留住现有的顾客并吸引新的顾客。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中 While Dominos attract fans by using high-tech
concepts like delivery robots, Pizza Hut focuses on making the delivery box more
exciting.可知,Pizza Hut专注于新形式的外卖盒是为了增加销量。故选B项。
2.B 猜测词义题。根据第二段第三句可知,为了将盒子转换成可播放的DJ,用户必须通过蓝
牙将其同步到智能手机或电脑上,并将其连接到DJ软件上。由此推知画线词的意思是“连
接”。故选B项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Though that is unfortunate, Pizza Hut did introduce
a Flick Football Field pizza box for its US fans this week.可知,关于 the Flick
Football Field box我们知道“它是为美国的球迷设计的”,故选B项。
高级语块 1.feature v.以……为特色;由……主演;以……为主要组成
2.back and forth反复地;来回地
长难句 In 2015, they introduced a pizza box that could be transformed into a movie
projector (放映机) and now, one that turns into a fully functioning DJ. 2015年,他们
推出了一个可以转换成电影放映机的比萨饼盒。现在,这种饼盒可以变成一个功能齐全的
DJ。
本句为主从复合句。句中两个that均引导定语从句,其先行词分别为pizza box和one。
Passage 27
There is a breakthrough in building aircrafts. Bendable wings covered with
overlapping (部分重叠)pieces resembling fish sizes could be used to build swifter,
fuel-efficient aircraft, a new study finds.
Nowadays, conventional aircrafts typically rely on ailerons (副翼)to help
control the way the planes tip as they fly. However, when the Wright brothers flew
the first airplane, Flyer 1, over a century ago, they used no ailerons but wires and
pulleys that twisted the wood-and-canvas wings, to control the plane.
Scientists have long sought to develop aircrafts that can alter their wings
during flight, just as birds can. However, most previous attempts have failed
because they relied on heavy mechanical control structures within the wings. These
structures were also complex and unreliable, said Neil Gershenfeld, a physicist and
director of the Center for Bits and Atoms at Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT).北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
The new wing consists of a system of tiny, strong, lightweight modules. The shape
of the wing can be changed uniformly along its length using two small motors, which
apply a twisting pressure to each wingtip. These wings are covered in “skins” of
overlapping strips of flexible material resembling fish sizes. These strips move
across each other as the wings alter, providing a smooth outer surface, the
researchers explained.
Wind-tunnel tests of these wings showed that they at least matched the
aerodynamic properties of conventional wings, at about one-tenth of the weight.
Initial tests using remotely piloted aircrafts made with these wings have shown
great promise, said Benjamin Jenett, a graduate student at the Center for Bits and
Atoms at MIT.
The new modular structures the scientists developed could be manufactured
quickly in mass quantities and then installed by teams of small robots. These modular
structures also can be disassembled more easily, making repairs simpler.
“Still, the first aircraft built using this strategy will not be a passenger
jet,” Gershenfeld said. “Instead, the technology will likely first be tested on
unmanned aircraft, leading to drones (无人机)that can fly for a long time, to help
deliver internet access or medicine to remote villages and do some rescue works.”
1.Why did most previous aircrafts fail to fly like birds?
A.The previous wings were complicated and weighed a lot.
B.The previous aircraft relied on ailerons to control directions.
C.There were few scientists to do research on the lighter wings.
D.There was little fuel in the aircrafts to make them fly in the air.
2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A.The shape of the new wings.
B.The result of the tested wings.
C.The function of the small motors.
D.The working principle of the new wings.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “disassembled” in Paragraph
6?
A.put away北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.taken apart
C.invented
D.analyzed
4.What will the drones made by the new wings be firstly used to do?
A.Carry passengers.
B.Save people in danger.
C.Test planes.
D.Monitor the villages.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,讲述了一种可以改变形状的机翼,能让飞机像鸟一样飞翔。
1.A 细节理解题。文章第三段讲到以前的机翼都很重,结构很复杂,而这些因素都会妨碍飞
机在飞行的过程中像鸟一样飞翔。故选A项。
2.D 主旨要义题。第四段讲的是这种机翼的构成、飞行时机翼的变化以及变化的原因。这就
是这种新型机翼的工作原理。故选D项。
3.B 猜测词义题。前文讲到这种模块结构很容易生产和安装。由此可知,文章接下来可能讲
到也很容易拆卸。故选B项。
4.B 推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到新型机翼将被应用到无人机上,来用于网络存取、运输
药品到偏远乡村以及做一些营救工作。故选B项。
高级语块 1.conventional adj.传统的,习惯的;墨守成规的;普通平凡的
2.alter v.(使)改变,更改,改动
3.consist of 由……组成
4.resemble v.看起来像;显得像;像
长难句 However, when the Wright brothers flew the first airplane, Flyer 1, over a
century ago, they used no ailerons but wires and pulleys that twisted the wood-and-
canvas wings, to control the plane. 然而,当莱特兄弟在一个多世纪前驾驶第一架飞机
“飞行者1号”时,他们没有使用副翼,而是用电线和滑轮来控制飞机,这些电线和滑轮缠线
木头和帆布制成的机翼。
本句为主从复合句。句中 when引导时间状语从句,that引导定语从句,其先行词为
wires and pulleys。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
题组二 短语、句子类
Passage 1 话题:奥运会志愿工作 难度:中 词数:336
The great-grandmother is learning English with the help of her family when she is
at the age of 91. She hopes to use the language at next year's Olympic Games in Tokyo.
Takamizawa was one of the more than 200,000 people who wanted to volunteer for
Tokyo's 2020 Games. English is not required for service, but it is a useful skill for
volunteers to have.
But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young.
Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said, “In
my second year there, English was banned because it was the enemy language.”
Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to
learn. “When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they said, ‘It's not too
late. We will teach you one word a day.’” Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and
main English teacher. Natsuko sends a new English word to her grandmother's phone
every day. They also often work together directly on phrases that Takamizawa will
need for the Olympics. “Welcome to Tokyo, this is the Olympic stadium, how can I help
you?” Takamizawa answers when asked to say an English phrase she has learned. Natsuko
explains that she wanted to give her grandmother something to enjoy. “I can clearly
see her English is getting better. It's my joy now.”
The EF English Proficiency Index is a measure of the level of English spoken in a
country. Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language.
Thi s situatio n is slowly changing as younger generations welcome English. However,
Takamizawa believes real change will not happen unless Japanese people become more
open to the rest of the world. With around 500 days to go until the games begin, the
whole Takamizawa family is ready to welcome the world to Tokyo.
1. Why couldn't Takamizawa learn English when she was young?
A.Because English was useless.
B.Because she was too young to learn English.
C.Because English was forbidden.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.Because she was unwilling to learn English.
2. What can we know from the third paragraph?
A.Takamizawa gets strong support from her family.
B.Takamizawa's grandchildren love her a lot.
C.Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and only English teacher.
D.Natsuko teaches Takamizawa English mainly by talking with her.
3.What does the underlined phrase “This situation” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.English is not the first language in Japan.
B.The level of English spoken in Japan is relatively low.
C.Younger generations in Japan welcome English.
D.Japanese people become open to the rest of the world.
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Where there is a will, there is a way.
B.It is never too late to learn.
C.The early bird catches the worm.
D.Two heads are better than one.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了日本91岁的Takamizawa为了做好迎接2020东京奥运会的志
愿工作,在家人的鼓励和帮助下学习英语的励志故事。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,在她读高中时第二次世界大战爆发了。第二年,因为英
语是敌人的语言, 所以被禁止了。故选C项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段的前两句可知她的孙辈说服并且帮助她学习英语,因此推断
她从家人那里得到很大的支持。故选A项。
3.B 猜测词义题。根据第四段中的“Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is
not the first language.”可知This situation指的是日本的英语水平相对较低,故选B项。
4.B 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了日本91岁的Takamizawa在家人的鼓励和帮助下学习英
语的故事,从她身上体现了“活到老,学到老”的精神,故选B项。
Passage 2
One day when some government officials were rebuilding a barn, they found a mouse
hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while
later they really saw mice running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
that all the mice had escaped. But just as they began to clean up, they saw two mice
squeezing out at the mouth of the hole. With some efforts, the mice finally got out.
However, it was strange that after they came out of the hole, they did not run away
immediately. Instead, one chased after the other near the mouth of the hole. It
seemed that one was trying to bite the tail of the other.
Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped nearer to take a look. They realized that
one of the mice was blind and could not see anything, and the other was trying to
allow the blind mouse to bite on its tail so that it could pull the blind one with it
to escape.
After seeing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. During
the meal time, the group of people sat down in a circle and started to talk about what
happened to the two mice.
One serious American official said, “I think the relationship between those two
mice was that of king and guard.” The others thought for a while and said, “That was
why!”
A clever Frenchman said, “I think the relationship between those two mice was
that of husband and wife.” Again the others thought for a while, and all felt i t mad e
sense.
A Japanese said, “I think the relationship between those two mice was that of
mother and son.” Once again the others thought for a while, and felt this was more
reasonable. So they expressed agreement.
At that moment, one Chinese asked, “Why did those two mice have to have a certain
relationship?”
Suddenly, the group looked at the Chinese and remained speechless. The American
official, the Frenchman and the Japanese who had spoken earlier all lowered their
head.
In fact, true love is not built on friendship, loyalty or blood relationship. It
is built on no relationship.
1.Neither of the two mice ran away immediately because .
A.one was biting the other北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.the mouth of the hole was too small
C.they were not afraid of smoke
D.one was trying to help the blind one
2.Why did the three men lower their head according to the passage?
A.They did not dare to answer.
B.They had mistaken the relationship of the mice.
C.They regretted driving a poor blind mouse away.
D.They did not express a better viewpoint.
3.It is clear that .
A.all the mice came out of the hole easily
B.each of the four people understood the relationship differently
C.the people wanted to kill the mice with smoke
D.the people knew one of the mice was blind at first sight
4.The underlined sentence “it made sense” probably means .
A.it was reasonable
B.it was strange
C.it was funny
D.it was sweet
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会交往。一天,一些
政府官员正在重建谷仓,他们发现墙角有一个老鼠洞,于是众人用烟熏,使里面的老鼠出来,
但是他们发现其中一只老鼠瞎了,什么也看不见,而另一只让瞎老鼠咬它的尾巴,这样它就可
以拉着瞎老鼠逃跑。它们之间存在什么关系?这个故事告诉我们:真爱不是建立在友谊、忠诚
和血缘关系上的,即它不建立在任何关系之上。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,两只老鼠都没有立刻逃跑,因为其中一只试图帮助那只
失明的老鼠。故选D项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据中国人说的话和最后一段可推知,他们之所以低下头是因为他们觉
得自己刚才表达的观点不好。故选D项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据文中提到的美国人、法国人、日本人和中国人说的话可知,他们对这
种关系的理解都不一样。故选B项。
4.A 推测句意题。根据语境和第六段中Once again the others thought for a while, and北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
felt this was more reasonable可推知,it made sense的意思是“它是有道理的”。故选A
项。
Passage 3
There is an “environmental silver lining” as a result of the coronavirus (冠状病
毒)—carbon emissions have been reduced by more than 4%, many wildlife markets
around the world have been shuttered and air quality in some places has slightly
improved, Dave Ford, founder of the environmental organization SoulBuffalo, says.
But thanks to an increase in pandemic-related, non-recyclable materials such as
take-out plastic containers and masks, 30% more waste has entered our oceans, he
notes. “There're 129 billion facemasks being made every month—you could cover the
entire country of Switzerland with facemasks at the end of this year if trends
continue,” he says. “And a lot of these masks are ending up in the water.” The masks
look like jellyfish—in other words, food—to turtles and other wildlife creatures,
thus, attractive to those animals and then endangering them, he says.
Very little of the plastic we use is actually recyclable. The vast majority of
plastic that has ever been produced—79%—has actually ended up in landfills or
being burned, but not refashioned into new products. Even if the plastics we have can
be reused, Ford says recycling programs across the globe are facing drastic budget
cuts.
“We're starting to see recycling programs shuttered, waste picking communities
operating poorly or actually shutting down. They are the last line of defense between
plastic and the environment,” he says.
Last year, Unilever planned to cut its use of non-recycled plastics by half by
2025.In an interview, Richard Slater, Unilever's chief research and development
officer, said that plastic packaging is lighter, which means less shipping and
therefore fewer dangerous emissions that cause climate change.
Yes, plastics are lightweight and can cut down on fuel spending. But on the other
hand, plastic waste is being found in every facet of life—even in the deepest ocean.
1.What does “environmental silver lining” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.An environmental organization.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.The closure of some wildlife markets.
C.The decrease of carbon dioxide emissions.
D.Benefits to the environment from the coronavirus.
2.Why are facemasks appealing to some sea creatures?
A.They resemble the sea creatures' food.
B.They contain certain unique chemicals.
C.Many sea creatures like to chase plastic by nature.
D.There is a continuous shortage of food in the ocean.
3.What can we learn about plastic waste?
A.Most of it is recycled into new products.
B.The majority of it is buried or burned.
C.129 billion facemasks end up in the ocean.
D.There are enough budgets for plastic recycling.
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A.Plastic can cut down fuel spending
B.Recycling programs are shutting down
C.The coronavirus has caused more ocean plastic
D.Solutions to ocean plastic pollution are being explored
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护。文章介绍
了新冠病毒的出现使得塑料产品使用增多,导致海洋污染增加。
1.D 推测词义题。根据文章第一段的 carbon emissions have been reduced by more than
4%, many wildlife markets around the world have been shuttered and air quality in
some places has slightly improved可知,新冠病毒的出现给环境带来了一线希望,所以
environmental silver lining指的是新冠病毒对环境的好处。故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的 The masks look like jellyfish—in other words,
food—to turtles and other wildlife creatures, thus, attractive to those animals and
then endangering them可知,有些海洋生物被口罩吸引,是因为它们很像海洋生物的食物。
故选A项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的The vast majority of plastic that has ever been
produced—79%—has actually ended up in landfills or being burned, but not北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
refashioned into new products可知,大部分塑料垃圾都被埋了或者烧掉了。故选B项。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段的But on the other hand, plastic waste is being
found in every facet of life—even in the deepest ocean及全文内容可知,文章介绍了新
冠病毒的出现使得塑料产品使用增多,导致海洋污染增加。故选C项。
Passage 4
As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research
institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an
idea: artificially cooling the planet, in the hope of buying humanity more time to
cut greenhouse gas emissions.
That strategy, called solar climate intervention ( 干 预 ) or solar
geoengineering, involves reflecting more of the sun's energy back into space —
abruptly reducing global temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash
clouds caused by volcanic eruptions. The idea has been considered as a dangerous and
fancied solution, one that would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels while
exposing the planet to unexpected and potentially threatening side effects.
But as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes,
wildfires, floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that
concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better
understand it, in case the consequences of climate change become so terrible that the
world can't wait for better solutions.
One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols (气溶胶) into the upper layer
of the atmosphere, where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That
process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.
“We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet,” he said in an
interview. What's still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature,
MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the
strength of hurricanes?” he asked. “What does it do to agricultural production? What
does it do to the risk of forest fires?”
Another institution will analyze hundreds of simulations of aerosol injection,
testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
to look for a swee t spo t: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme
weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or
similar impacts.
1.Why do researchers and government agencies work on cooling the earth?
A.To prevent natural disasters.
B.To win more time to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
C.To imitate volcanic eruptions.
D.To encourage more people to buy fossil fuels.
2.What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?
A.More volcanoes will erupt.
B.More solar energy will go into space.
C.More disasters will endanger the future of the world.
D.People will keep burning fossil fuels to keep warm.
3.What can be inferred from Douglas' words?
A.He thinks more research remains to be done.
B.He is optimistic about the effect of cooling the earth.
C.He is concerned about the reduction in agricultural production.
D.He disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention.
4.What does the underlined phrase “a sweet spot” in the last paragraph mean?
A.The rainfall pattern of a region.
B.The modest drop in temperature.
C.The number of extreme weather events.
D.The injection amount of aerosols.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护。文章主要
讲因为全球气候变化带来各种灾难性的后果,政府和相关研究机构提出的一种应对办法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段的 in the hope of buying humanity more time to cut
greenhouse gas emissions可知,研究者和政府机构给地球降温是为了赢得更多的时间来减
少温室气体的排放。故选B项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的some researchers and policy experts say that concerns
about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it,北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
in case the consequences of climate change become so terrible that the world can't
wait for better solutions可知,研究者担心气候变化造成的各种灾难可能会危及世界的未
来。故选C项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段的“What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?” he
asked. “What does it do to agricultural production? What does it do to the risk of
forest fires?”可知,Douglas认为还有很多疑问没有解开,所以还有很多研究有待去做。故
选A项。
4.B 推测词义题。根据 One goal of the research is to look for a swee t spo t: the
amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing
broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.可知,这里指的是,
人工降温要适度,既可以减少极端天气,又不会给气候造成太大的影响,因此“a sweet spot”
指的是适度的降温。故选B项。
Passage 5
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a
historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine
whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historic
buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example,
economic reasons—why they should be preserved. So, let's assume that historic
buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we
do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older
style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern
designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the
building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响)its surroundings too
much, it often improves attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏)the
area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still
speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people
are naturally conservative and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner t o mov e thing s forwar d. If we
always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus,
I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something
fresh and different, though that might be the more risky choice.
1.What does the author say about historic buildings in the first paragraph?
A.Some of them are not attractive.
B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve.
C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
2.Which of the following is true according to the author?
A.We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.
C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.
D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings.
3.By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “
”.
A.destroy old buildings
B.put things in a difference place
C.choose new architectural styles
D.respect people's feelings for historic buildings
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain why people dislike change.
B.To warn that we could end up living in caves.
C.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.
D.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为物质与非物质文化遗
产。文章讨论了现代的建筑是否应该和古老的历史建筑在一起。在作者看来,建筑风格应该
与时俱进,新旧建筑可以和谐共存。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的Not all historic buildings are attractive可知,一些
历史建筑没有吸引力,故选A项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的 It is true that there are examples of new buildings
which have spoilt(破坏)the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old
buildings too可知,一些新建筑破坏了它们所在的区域,而一些古建筑也是这样。由此判断
作者认为一些老建筑将它们所在的地方破坏了,故选C项。
3.C 推测词义题。根据第三段最后一句 I think this is simply because people are
naturally conservative and do not like change.可知,作者认为人们天生保守,不喜欢改
变;根据第四段第二句 If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all
still be living in caves.可知,如果建筑师不改变建筑风格,我们现在还住在山洞里面,由
此可推知,此处表示建筑师和规划师要选择新的建筑风格,推进事物的向前发展,故选C项。
4.D 主旨要义题。文章第一段第一句Should we allow modern buildings to be built next
to older buildings in a historic area of a city?是作者提出的问题,随后作者对此展开论
述 , 再 根 据 最 后 一 段 最 后 一 句 Thus, I would argue against copying previous
architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, though that might be
the more risky choice.可知文章目的是论证现代建筑可以建在历史区域。故选D项。
长难句 Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and
choose something fresh and different, thoug h that might be the more risky choice.因
此,我据理反对复制以前的建筑风格,而是选择新鲜和不同的东西,尽管这可能是更有风险的
选择。
本句为主从复合句,句中though引导让步状语从句。
Passage 6
Renewable energy projects, including onshore and offshore wind and solar farms,
have so far been subsidized (资助) by government support schemes.This has led to some
to complain that clean energy is pushing up bills.
However, the most recently approved offshore wind projects will most likely
operate with ‘negative subsidies’—paying money back to the government.The money
will go towards reducing household energy bills as the offshore wind farms start
producing power in the mid-2020s.
This is the conclusion of an analysis by an international team led by Imperial
College London researchers published today in Nature Energy.
Lead researcher Dr Malte Jansen, from the Centre for Environmental Policy at北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Imperial, said:“Offshore wind power will soon be so cheap to produce that it will
undercut fossil-fueled power stations and may be the cheapest form of energy for the
UK.Energy subsidies used to push up energy bills, but within a few years cheap
renewable energy will see them brought down for the first time.This is an astonishing
development.”
The analysis for five countries in Europe, including the UK, focused on a series
of government auctions (拍卖) for offshore wind farms between February 2015 and
September 2019.Companies that want to build wind farms bid in the auctions by stating
the price at which they will sell the energy they produce to the government.
These are known as ‘contracts for differences’ or CFDs.If a company's bid is
higher than the wholesale electricity price on the UK market once the wind farm is up
and running, then the company will receive a subsidy from the government to to p u p
the price.
However, if the stated price (规定价格) is less than the wholesale price, then
the company will pay the government back the difference.This payback is then passed
through to consumer's energy bills, reducing the amount that homes and businesses
will pay for electricity.
The winning companies said they could build new offshore wind farms for around 40
per megawatt hour (MWh) of power.This was a new record set by these wind farms with
bids 30 percent lower than just two years earlier.
1.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Offshore wind farms to be built in the UK could reduce household energy bills by
producing electricity very cheaply.
B.Offshore wind farms will not be subsidized by the government in the near future.
C.The importance of CFDs.
D.The operation of negative subsidies.
2.According to Paragraph 2, offshore wind farms .
A.will stop producing power in the mid-2020s北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.are paying money back to the government
C.will help reduce household energy bills
D.will all operate with ‘negative subsidies’
3.The underlined words “top up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean .
A.make up
B.take up
C.cover
D.fill up
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The renewable energy projects will lead to some to complain that clean energy is
pushing up bills.
B.The company whose bid is less than the wholesale electricity price will receive a
subsidy.
C.The stated electricity price is now higher than the wholesale electricity price.
D.Fossil-fueled power will be soon produced cheaply.
5.What is the author's attitude towards the offshore wind farms?
A.Curious.
B.Pessimistic.
C.Indifferent.
D.Optimistic.
6.Where does this text probably come from?
A.A science fiction.
B.A financial magazine.
C.An advertisement.
D.A science report.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人类生存、社会发展
与环境的关系。本文介绍了英国的可再生能源工程,包括陆上和海上风能和太阳能发电场,
工程有可能在不远的将来减少家庭能源账单。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,获得批准的海上风电项目很有可能在负补贴的情
况下运营——将资金返还给政府。随着海上风力发电场在本世纪 20年代中期开始发电,这
笔钱将用于减少家庭能源账单,故选A(将在英国建造的海上风力发电场可能以非常低廉的
价格发电,从而降低家庭能源账单)。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知海上风力发电场的建立将会减少家庭能源账单,故
选C。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据第六段中的 the company will receive a subsidy from the
government to top up the price(公司将从政府获得一笔补贴,以弥补差价)可知top up在这
里是弥补的意思,故选A。
4.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句However, if the stated price is less than the
wholesale price, then the company will pay the government back the difference.(但是,
如果规定的价格低于批发电价,那么公司将退还政府差价。)可知目前批发电价高于规定价
格,故选C。
5.D 推理判断题。从第四段中的This is an astonishing development.(这是一个惊人的发
展。)以及文章最后一句 This was a new record set by these wind farms with bids 30
percent lower than just two years earlier.(这是这些风力发电场创下的新纪录,投标价
格比仅仅两年前低了30%。)可知作者对待海上风力发电场的态度是乐观的,故选D。
6.B 推理判断题。因为本文讨论的是海上风力发电和家庭经济负担的关系,故选B(一本财
经杂志)。 而一份科学报告(A science report)是要有具体实验数据支持的,故排除D。
Passage 7
My doctor took me for a walk around the farm where she live. I was physically and
emotionally exhausted and discouraged by anxiety and depression.
The place was full of life.There were insects, horses, rabbits and a cat.She told北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
me to focus on my body in the environment.
When I was ill I tended to retrea t int o m y min d and disconnect from here and
now.So, when I met a horse named Fira, I expected nothing.
As I got closer to Fira, she nuzzled(摩擦) her nose into my chest, putting a
gentle pressure over my heart.Something happened inside me:I felt as if I had reached
a wellspring (源泉) of past hurts, fears and failings.I began to melt emotionally.
I patted Fira's nose and breathed in her smell.I found I didn't have to
concentrate on feeling better;Fira helped me feel loved and safe.
I worked with Fira often, learning basic communication and leading methods to
work together with her.Initially, I wasn't sure exactly what one would do with a
horse except riding it.But I knew that Fira had touched me in an uncommon way and had
made me feel better.She connected with me by responding to my emotional state and
reflecting it back to me in an open, affectionate way.
In my meetings with Fira, I found that I lost my usual self-consciousness and I
would focus entirely on communicating.
I learned to live in the present, to focus on what was happening this day, in this
moment, in this place.I learned to forget the past, with all its hurts.I learned to
forget the future, which hasn't happened yet.When you stand beside a horse, you exist
completely in the moment.
“With Fira by my side, I saw into a life in which trust comes first, and
compassion follows.” I found deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own
power of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right.I felt
inner quiet and even joy.My work with this horse was part of a journey out of a very
dark night in my soul.
1.What do we know about the author from the first three paragraphs?
A.She often lost consciousness.
B.She loves animals very much.
C.She suffered from mental illness.
D.She went to a doctor with high hopes.
2.When the author first met Fira, she .北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.was deeply touched by its reaction
B.had already recovered from her pain
C.was curious about what would happen
D.didn't have any interest in keeping a pet
3.What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Get out of trouble.
B.Keep away from others.
C.Lift up my spirits.
D.Make up my mind.
4.When the author and Fira worked together, .
A.the author had to try hard to feel better
B.Fira helped the author focus on her thoughts
C.the author recalled her past hurts, fears and failings
D.Fira understood the author's emotions and reacted positively
5.What did the author learn during her time with Fira?
A.It is important to make every day count.
B.One shouldn't be affected by emotions.
C.One should learn lessons from the past.
D.It is essential to show sympathy for others.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为认识自我,丰富自我,
完善自我。本文介绍了作者通过和一匹马相处克服了自己的焦虑和压力。
1.C 推理判断题。从第一段中的 I was physically and emotionally exhausted and
discouraged by anxiety and depression.(焦虑和抑郁使我身心俱疲,灰心丧气。)和第三段
中的When I was ill...(当我生病的时候……)可以得知作者有焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病。故选
C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的As I got closer to Fira, she nuzzled her nose into my
chest, putting a gentle pressure over my heart.Something happened inside me(当我走
近菲拉时,它用鼻子摩擦我的胸口,轻轻地压在我的心脏上。我的内心发生了一些变化)可知
选A。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的When I was ill I tended to retreat into my mind and北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
disconnect from here and now.(当我生病的时候,我倾向于隐退到我的思想中,脱离此时此
地。)可知选B。get out of trouble摆脱困境;keep away from others远离他人;lift up my
spirits振奋我的精神;make up my mind下定我的决心。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句中的 responding to my emotional state 以及
reflecting it back to me 可知选D(菲拉理解了作者的情绪,并做出了积极的反应)。
5.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句I learned to live in the present, to focus on
what was happening this day, in this moment, in this place.(我学会了活在当下,关注这
一天、这一刻、这个地方发生的事情。)可知选A(让每一天都有意义是很重要的)。
难句分析 原句:I found deep peace in leading her along a path, by using my own power
of intention to indicate whether to start, stop, turn left or turn right.
分析:此句中,by using...作方式状语。
译文:我在引导它走一条小路的过程中,通过用我自己的意愿的力量来指示是开始、停
止、向左还是向右找到了深深的平静。
Passage 8
Most children look forward to learning to read, a process whereby they learn to
transform what are essentially abstract handwriting on a page into meaningful
letters, then sounds, then words, and then entire sentences and paragraphs.Reading
represents a code ( 密 码 ):specifically, an alphabetic code.A great number of
children are able to break the code after a year of instruction.For at least one in
five children, however, the experience is very different.
For them, reading, which seems to come effortlessly for others, appears to be
beyond their grasp.These children, who understand the spoken words and love to
listen to stories, struggle to understand the same words when they are written on a
page.They read slowly and uncertainly, and words that they read correctly in one
sentence may be misread in a following sentence.Reading aloud may be particularly
painful.Eventually they grow frustrated and disappointed.
In the classroom, reading is king;it is essential for academic
success.Teachers, witnessing the gap between good and poor readers widening, may
wonder what they or these children might be doing wrong.Parents, knowing that
reading problems have consequences all across development including into adult北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
life, question themselves, feeling alternately guilty and angry.
The worst thing parents can do if they suspect that their child has a reading
problem is to do nothing, says neuroscientist (神经科学家) Dr.Sally Shaywitz.Thus,
if you observe the signs, start by speaking to your child's teacher.Shaywitz offers
some tips that will help parents make the most of their meeting with the teacher:
▶Before setting up a meeting, it often helps to list your observations and your
concerns.Parents are often so nervous when speaking to their child's teacher that
they forget why they were worried.The teacher will appreciate having such a list as
well.
▶Set up a specific time to speak to your child's teacher; do n ' t catc h he r o n th e
run.
▶Find out how your child is progressing in reading;ask for specifics.Confirm
exactly how their reading progress is being measured.
▶Ask what reader group your child is in and what level that reader group
represents, and how they compare to others in their class and in their grade.
▶Ask what the teacher predicts for your child's progress by the end of the
school year.
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A.Reading an alphabetic code is hard.
B.Most children like to read abstract letters.
C.Some children have difficulties in reading.
D.Few children can understand the code after a year of instruction.
2.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A.Reading is not as easy for some children as it is for others.
B.All the children can understand spoken and written language.
C.Although children with reading difficulty read slowly, they read correctly.
D.The children become frustrated and unhappy because they will have to read aloud.
3.What does Paragraph 4 focus on?
A.The correct way to deal with children's reading difficulties.
B.The importance of observing their child's behavior.
C.Dr. Sally Shaywitz—a famous neuroscientist.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.The worst thing parents can do when it comes to their child's reading problems.
4.The underlined part “don't catch her on the run” probably means .
A.don't run after her
B.don't talk to her while running
C.don't speak to her while she is busy
D.don't catch her as she runs away
5.If parents want to meet with their child's teacher, they should .
A.arrange the meeting at the end of the school year
B.ask about their child's reading status at school
C.ask the teacher to take measures to improve their child's reading ability
D.make a list of questions after the meeting
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为个人、家庭、社区及学
校生活。本文说明了一些孩子有读书障碍,作为家长应该如何同老师沟通帮助孩子。
1.C 主旨大意题。第一段主要讲大多数孩子学习阅读时没有问题,而至少五分之一的孩子
却有困难,故选C。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句 For them, reading, which seems to come
effortlessly for others, appears to be beyond their grasp.(读书对其他人来说似乎毫
不费力,而对他们来说,却似乎超出了他们的能力范围。)可知A(阅读对一些孩子来说并不像
对其他孩子那样容易。)正确。
3.A 主旨大意题。 由第四段第一句的 The worst thing parents can do if they suspect
that their child has a reading problem is to do nothing可知如果父母怀疑他们的孩子有
阅读问题,他们能做的最糟糕的事情就是什么都不做,后文又给家长提了建议,发现孩子有阅
读障碍迹象要和老师沟通,并提出和老师沟通的建议。故选A(正确解决孩子阅读困难的方
法)。
4.C 词义猜测题。这句话的前半句是 Set up a specific time to speak to your child's
teacher(安排一个特定的时间和孩子的老师交谈)可知后半句话的意思是不要在老师忙的时
候找老师交谈,故选C。
5.B 推理判断题。根据专家提的建议,家长应该问下老师孩子在学校的阅读状况。故选B。
难句分析 原句:Teachers, witnessing the gap between good and poor readers widening,北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
may wonder what they or these children might be doing wrong.
分析:witnessing the gap between good and poor readers widening是现在分词短语作
伴随状语,wonder后what引导宾语从句。
译文:老师们看到好的阅读者和差的阅读者之间的差距越来越大,可能会想或许是他们
自己或这些孩子在哪里做错了。
Passage 9
The icy beauty of the Arctic attracts thousands of visitors every year to see its
wonderful wildlife, landscape and local cultures.Visitors can take ships on a voyage
along the Arctic Ocean or take flights to cities along the Arctic edge. No matter how
one gets there, they should wear warm clothes and get ready to take in the
attractions.
“Traveling to the Arctic leaves an unforgettable impression on the visitor. Its
vast expanse and the fragility of its environment are two things that really blow
away people,”said Cheryl Rosa, the director of the US Arctic Research Commission.
Visitors to the Arctic Circle will have a lot of activities to choose from if
they want to see all that the region has to offer.Hiking with snowshoes, dog sledding
and kayaking are common activities.Visitors with sharp eyes are likely to spot polar
bears.To get even closer to the animals of the sea, visitors can go snorkeling with
seals.Of course, Arctic adventures aren't complete without viewing the wonders of
the Arctic Circle's large glaciers and icebergs as well.
One of the most impressive attractions and maybe the most difficult to see is the
Northern Lights, one of the seven natural wonders of the world.They are natural
lights that glow green and light up the horizon.Sometimes they appear as waves that
dance across the sky in different colors.
The best places to view the Northern Lights are in Northern Norway, Sweden's
Abisko National Park, Iceland, America's Alaska or Canada's Yukon, according to
space.com. Charles Deehr, an expert at the University of Alaska Fairbanks'
Geophysical Institute, recommended planning a trip between winter and spring,
especially when there is a new moon.
Even though the Arctic is a popular tourist destination, don't forget that北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
people live here too.“It is recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are
respectful of Arctic residents (居民) and their culture,”said Rosa.“Too many people
can disturb the small villages. Finding tour groups that work with local communities
is important.”
1.The underlined part “blow away”in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.
A.defeat
B.affect
C.move
D.impress
2.What can we know about the Northern Lights?
A.They only produce green light at night.
B.They are natural lights and hard to see.
C.They seldom occur between winter and spring.
D.The best time to view them is when there is a full moon.
3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Tour groups are not welcome among Arctic residents.
B.The Arctic's population has been rising in recent years.
C.Visitors should choose suitable tour groups when visiting.
D.Tour groups should get permission from local communities.
4.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A.To inform visitors of local culture.
B.To recommend some activities to visitors.
C.To introduce a popular tourist destination.
D.To share a travel experience in the Arctic.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为旅游线路介绍。本文介绍
了北极的旅游景点、活动项目、交通路线及注意事项。
1.D 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第2段中画线部分“blow away”的意思可能是 。根
据画线部分前面的句子“Traveling to the Arctic leaves an unforgettable impression
on the visitor.”(北极之旅会给游客留下难忘的印象)可推知画线部分的意思是:给(某人)
留下深刻印象,故答案为D项。defeat打败;affect影响;move使感动。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于北极光我们知道什么?根据第4段中的“...and
maybe the most difficult to see is the Northern Lights, one of the seven natural
wonders of the world.They are natural lights that...”可知答案为B项。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们可以推断出什么?根据最后一段中“It is
recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are respectful of Arctic
residents and their culture” 及 “ Finding tour groups that work with local
communities is important.”可知答案为C项(游客旅游时应该选择合适的旅行团)。
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写此篇文章的目的是什么?本文介绍了北极的旅游景
点、活动项目、交通路线及注意事项等,其目的是介绍一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。故答案为C
项。
Passage 10
词数 469
Plants, and the insects which rely on them, are the living foundations of our
planet. But these foundations are under stress because we have a tendency to replace
fields and forests with decorative trees and shrubs imported from around the world.
Adding to the problem, our obsession (痴迷) with perfection leads us to use a lot of
pesticides (杀虫剂).
These actions are part of the reason global biodiversity is crashing. There are
over three billion fewer wild birds in North America than there were in 1970. Recent
research shows that insect numbers, even in nature reserves, have fallen, and 40
percent of all insect species may be extinct within a few decades. This is
discouraging news; however, there are actions we can take to help bring at least some
species back.
The first step is to redefine our concept of “garden” to include more than just
plants. We need to intentionally share our space, and not just with the birds, bees
and butterflies that visit our flowers, but also with the little insects that may eat
a part (very rarely all) of our plants. Therefore, we must limit pesticide use. It's
crucial to support nature's recovery, and it's much better for everyone:no doctor
has ever recommended long-term exposure to pesticides.
Many drought-tolerant plants brought in from across the planet are being passed
off as eco-friendly. However, mostly they're not. Yes, you're saving water, but北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
these foreign plants can become disasters when they escape our yards. Helping the
environment can be about more than saving water. Even in drier areas, like the
American West, the selection of attractive native plants to choose from is vast. If
dry is your style, there are native wildflowers, flowering bushes and trees that
allow you to save water and nature.
Xeriscapes (节水型园艺) leave many gardeners thirsting for green, and there's
an important alternative that has been largely ignored. For those disenchante d wit h
dry landscaping, using underappreciated and water-loving native plants to make your
garden a real-life oasis (绿洲) could be lifesaving to wildlife. In nature, this
unsung group of native plants is limited to riparian zones, the narrow belts of green
along water bodies, but if consumers demand them, nurseries will increasingly carry
these riparian species, and the presence of such plants in the garden will provide
for many animals including not just butterflies and their relatives but also
colorful birds.
The ideal garden would offer a combination of drought-tolerant native plants and
a few species that need a little more water, providing options for little guests and
the bigger ones that will come to eat them. As more creatures stop by to share our
yards, we will be making nature, and us all, a little healthier.
1.What do we know about insect species?
A.They have an impact on the diversity of plants.
B.They disappear because of lack of nature reserves.
C.They decrease partly due to our pursuit of perfection.
D.They are the reason why we replace fields and forests.
2.The underlined phrase “disenchanted with” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
.
A.sick of
B.addicted to
C.concerned about
D.impatient with
3.The passage mainly talks about .北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.why we need grow native plants in gardens
B.how gardening helps with biodiversity
C.whether we should redefine “garden”
D.what benefits gardening brings
4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
CP:Central Point P:Point Sp:Sub-point C:Conclusion
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容是自然环境保护。很多人对园艺的理
解就是用从世界各地进口的装饰性树木和灌木取代本地的农田和森林,这一行为使得昆虫的
种类急剧减少,这也是全球生物多样性崩溃的原因之一。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Adding to the problem, ou r obsessio n ( 痴迷 )
wit h perfectio n lead s u s t o us e a lo t o f pesticide s ( 杀虫剂 ).(更严重的是,我们对完美
的痴迷导致我们使用了大量的杀虫剂。)以及第二段第一句These actions are part of the北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
reason global biodiversity is crashing.(这些行动是全球生物多样性崩溃的部分原因。)
可知,昆虫种类减少的一部分原因是人们追求完美。
2.A 词义猜测题。第四段和第五段分别介绍了两个方法,第四段针对节水型园艺推荐使用
本地耐旱植物,而第五段第一句提出节水型园艺让很多园丁渴望绿色,即他们不喜欢用干旱
植物来美化环境,对于这样的人(those disenchante d wit h dry landscaping),本段提供了
另外一个方法——使用未被充分欣赏和喜爱水的本地植物。
3.B 主旨要义题。根据最后一段内容可知,理想的花园可以为大大小小的昆虫提供觅食选
择,随着更多的生物来到我们的院子里,我们将使大自然和我们所有人变得更加健康。文章
主要谈论的是园艺如何帮助大自然保持其生物多样性。
4.D 篇章结构题。CP:文章第一、二段指出植物以及依赖它们的昆虫是我们星球的生命基础,
但现在的状况并不乐观,指出了造成这种情况的原因,并引出下文的解决措施;P1:第三段提
出了减少农药的使用;P2:第四段提出选用本地耐旱植物;P3:第五段提出使用喜爱水的本地
植物(P1、P2、P3是三个方法,并列关系);C:最后一段进行总结。
Passage 11
With self-driving vehicle technology rapidly advancing, many companies are
turning to autonomous robots for the final leg of the delivery process, from the
store or local distribution center to the customer. The latest to join the trend is
e-commerce giant Amazon. Following a successful eight-month test run in Snohomish
County, Washington, the company's Scout robots have been making the rounds of
Irvine, California, since August 6, 2019.
The six-wheeled Scout is about the size of a large cooler with the capacity to
carry small or medium-sized packages. The battery-powered vehicle, which moves at a
regular walking pace, has been programmed to avoid pedestrians, animals, and
unexpected obstacles, such as garbage cans. Its powerful sensors can also detect the
movement of a car backing out of a driveway.
To accelerate Scout's development and bring it nationwide sooner, the company
has created several detailed virtual maps of American suburbs and conducted trial
deliveries to homes there.
Though Amazon has not shown how Scout ensures the delivery is picked up by the
right person, it most likely requires the customer to apply a unique code, texted to北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
them prio r t o the delivery, to unlock the store box. Also unclear is the number of
deliveries Scout can complete before its battery needs to be recharged. Though the
initial tests are being conducted with a human for the company, the robot will be
autonomous in the future. Its location, however, will be tracked at all times—if
someone attempts to steal Scout, Amazon employees will be instantly sensed.
However, the eco-friendly robots are unable to climb stairs or open gates, which
means that they can only reach consumers who live on the ground level. Additionally,
the robots are unable to leave packages at the front door if the customers are not at
home. Whether these problems get resolved remains to be seen. For now, it appears
that humans will still be needed to achieve the ever-growing demand for home and
office deliveries.
1.What are many companies developing autonomous robots for?
A.Final tests.
B.The so-called last mile.
C.Robots' safety.
D.Delivery speed.
2.What can we infer about Scout from Paragraph 2?
A.It looks like a cooler.
B.It adjusts its speed accordingly.
C.Its sensors play a key role.
D.It will be widely used soon.
3.What does the underlined phrase “prior to” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Before.
B.After.
C.In front of.
D.Due to.
4.From which is the text probably taken?
A.A biology textbook.
B.A health magazine.
C.A newspaper.
D.A travel brochure.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道,主题语境是人与社会。为了解决送货的最后一程问题,机器
人应运而生,许多公司正在这一领域加紧努力。本文介绍了机器人 Scout的外观、工作原理
以及还需要解决的问题。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 With self-driving vehicle technology rapidly
advancing,many companies are turning to autonomous robots for the final leg of the
delivery process, from the store or local distribution center to the customer.可知,
许多公司开发自主机器人是为了所谓的最后一英里,故选B项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中The battery-powered vehicle...has been programmed to
avoid pedestrians,animals,and unexpected obstacles,such as garbage cans. Its
powerful sensors can also detect the movement of a car backing out of a driveway.可知,
Scout的传感器起了很重要的作用。故选C项。
3.A 猜测词义题。根据语境可知,要打开存储箱的锁,亚马逊很可能要求顾客应用一个唯一
的代码,这个代码会在配送之前以短信的形式发送给他们。由此可判断prior to的意思可能
为“在……之前”。故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。本文讲述了面对送货的最后一程问题,人们想利用自主机器人来解决。本
文时效性较高,故可能取自报纸。故选C项。
高级语块 1.advance v.前进,行进;发展,进步
2.accelerate v.(使)加速,加快
3.autonomous adj.独立自主的
长难句 The battery-powered vehicle, which moves at a regular walking pace, has been
programmed to avoid pedestrians, animals, and unexpected obstacles, such as garbage
cans. 电池驱动的工具,以正常的步行速度移动,已经被编程以避开行人、动物和意想不到的
障碍物,如垃圾桶。
本句为主从复合句,句中关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
Passage 12
Three brown bears in the distance catch Charlie Russell's eye. When they get a
metre or so away from him, the huge animals slow down. The leading bear holds her face
very close to Rusell's. She touches his nose with her own and Russell breaks into a北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
smile. “Hey, little bear,” he says.
Russell, now 70, has spent more than ten springs and summers living with brown
bears in the eastern most part of Russia.“No question, bears are dangerous,” says
Russell, but he also argues that fearing them prevents us from recognizing their
intelligent, playful and peaceful nature. “They attack us because we abuse them,” he
insists.
“What I want to do now is work on the human side of the problem,” Russell says. In
Canada—a country where cities spread deep into the rural landscape and hunters kill
about 450 bears annually, he is determined to change the way we treat our neighbors.
Russell was raised with the idea that “ th e onl y goo d bea r i s a dea d bear .” His
father, a hunter, shared stories of cruel brown bears with his five children.
However, when the family's hunting business declined in the early 1960s, Russell
joined his father on an expedition to film brown bears in Alaska. Russell couldn't
help but wonder why bears behaved aggressively towards people carrying guns, but
left the film-makers alone. “I suspected they didn't like cruelty,” he says.
In 1994 he tested out his theory in British Columbia's Khutzeymateen Inlet,
where he took tourists on bear-viewing tours. One afternoon, while resting on a log
between guiding trips, Russell sat still as a female brown bear casually approached.
“I knew if I did not move, she would keep coming,” he later said. “I had decided to let
her come as close as she wanted.” Russell spoke to the bear in gentle tones and she sat
down beside him. She put her paw in his hand and Russell responded to the gesture,
touching her nose, lip and teeth. These were the iron jaws featured in his father's
campfire stories, now no more threatening than the nose of a little dog. If he could
repeat similar moments, Russell believed he could prove that “just by treating bears
kindly, people can live safely with them”.
1.According to Russell, bears attack humans because they .
A.mistreat them
B.are afraid of them
C.mistake their playful tricks北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.have no idea of their real nature
2.The underlined part in Para. 4 suggests .
A.a good bear never dies
B.a live bear is dangerous
C.the only good bear is dead
D.a bear is aggressive to gun holders
3.The author's purpose of writing this passage is to .
A.show us how brave Russell is
B.warn us not to approach bears
C.encourage us to play with bears
D.tell us to live in peace with bears
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了Charlie Russell与棕熊一起生活,并且研
究棕熊行为方式的事迹。他告诉人们只要善待棕熊,就能和棕熊和睦相处。
1.A 细节理解题。由第二段中的They attack us because we abuse them可知,熊攻击人类
是因为人类虐待它们,故选A项。
2.B 猜测词义题。由第四段中的Russell was raised with the idea that “the only good
bear is a dead bear.” His father, a hunter, shared stories of cruel brown bears with
his five children.可知,Russell从小就有这样的想法:“唯一不危险的熊就是死熊。”他的
父亲是一名猎人,他向他的五个孩子讲述了残忍的棕熊的故事。所以通过上下文的语境可以
判断出,第4段中的下划线部分表明活熊是危险的。故选B项。
3.D 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是最后一句中的Russell believed he could prove that
“just by treating bears kindly, people can live safely with them”可知,他告诉人们只要
善待熊,人们就能安全地与它们生活在一起。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们要与熊
和平共处。故选D项。
高级语块 1.abuse v.虐待;滥用,妄用
2.decline v.减少;下降;衰弱;衰退
3.aggressively adv.好斗地;挑衅地;侵略地;富有攻击性地
4.suspect v.猜疑;怀疑,不信任
长难句 In Canada—a country where cities spread deep into the rural landscape and
hunters kill about 450 bears annually, he is determined to change the way we treat北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
our neighbors. 在加拿大,城市蔓延到乡村,猎人每年杀死450只熊,他决定改变我们对待邻
居的方式。
本句为主从复合句。句中a country是Canada的同位语,where引导定语从句,其先行词
为a country;we treat our neighbors为定语从句,其先行词为the way。