北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
专题十 推理判断
题组一
Passage 1 话题:一个细心的司机 难度:易 词数:331
In Los Angeles, UPS driver Hector Vesco noticed that while he did his
normal route, there was one kid, Langston Walbuck, who looked sad because
he never got a delivery. Once Hector understood why Langston looked upset,
he decided to put together a package and deliver it to Langston himself.
A father of two himself, he knew that he would have to check in with
Langston's parents before proceeding. Using a blank UPS slip, Hector wrote
out a note reading, “Hi, this is Hector, your UPS driver. I've seen your
son plenty of times on the balcony and he seems very sad that he doesn't
get any packages. When he asked me if I had any packages for him, I told
him, ‘Don't worry. Maybe next time.’ So, anyway, I've bought something
and put it in a box. Just want to know his name.” Hector also shared his
number so that the parents could contact him directly.
After getting all the information he needed from Langston's mom,
Brooke, Hector showed up the next day and surprised a very excited Langston
with the delivery.
Of course, the gesture of delivering the parcel was nice enough, but it
turns out what was inside made it even better! When Langston opened up the
box, he found a collection of toy cars and a bunch of candy, as well. It
doesn't get much better than that for a little boy.
After the delivery was made, Langston's mother, Brooke, sent a follow-
up text to thank Hector again for his kindness. In Hector's message back to
Brooke, he mentioned that Langston helped him remember how many kids, along
with his, had to live through the COVID-19 pandemic. “Our kids are our
world and the future,” he said, and finished with, “Your UPS driver just
wanted to show some love.”北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.Why was Langston unhappy when seeing Hector deliver?
A.Langston never got any packages.
B.Hector did not know Langston's name.
C.Langston could not serve as a UPS driver.
D.Hector delivered Langston's parcel to his parents.
2.What did Hector do to cheer Langston up?
A.Hector wrote Langston a note.
B.Hector talked to Langston's parents.
C.Hector encouraged Langston to be positive.
D.Hector delivered a package to Langston himself.
3.How did Langston feel about Hector's action?
A.Confident.
B.Thrilled.
C.Curious.
D.Cautious.
4.What does the author mainly intend to convey?
A.The pandemic affects the globe.
B.Children love toy cars and candies.
C.Old products can serve new purposes.
D.Ordinary people can be extraordinary.
答案
[语篇解读] UPS司机Hector Vesco注意到一个孩子Langston Walbuck因为没有收到
任何包裹,看起来很伤心,于是亲自给他送了一个包裹,让他开心起来。
1.A 细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“there was one kid, Langston Walbuck, who
looked sad because he never got a delivery”可知,Langston看到Hector送包裹
时不高兴是因为他没有收到任何包裹。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Once Hector understood why... deliver it to
Langston himself.”可知,Hector亲自给Langston送了一个包裹,让他开心起来。故选
D。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.B 推理判断题。 根据第三段中的“Hector showed up the next day and
surprised a very excited Langston with the delivery”可推知,Langston对
Hector的行为感到激动。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In Hector's message back ... ‘Your UPS
driver just wanted to show some love.’”并结合文章主旨要义可推知,作者主要
想表达“普通人也可以不平凡”。故选D。
Passage 2 话题:自己的经历 难度:易 词数:360
When I arrived in London, I couldn't speak a word of English. Not even
“hello”. I was 18. I'd been working for my dad's restaurant in Milan and
I wanted a new experience. My friend from home lived in London and he used
to tell me how incredible it was. I was really bored, so I took my luggage
and left.
I was so lost when I arrived at Stansted. To me, English sounded like
Chinese. I only arrived with a few hundred pounds. I lived with my friend
in East London for a while. I couldn't find a job for a month. Finally I
found a waiter role in a restaurant. At the time, I had nothing else going
on in my life. I used to get up, go to work, and sleep. It was no
difference every day. Then one day on my lunch break, I saw a Gymbox. When
I took a look in, there was an amazing Muay Thai (泰拳) class. I used to do
boxing when I was 15 but I wasn't that serious about it. There and then I
joined the gym and signed up for the Thai boxing team.
I fell in love with it. I never missed a session (一场). I started
training a lot and the head coach said to me one day, “Do you want to
fight?” I knew that's what I wanted to do. He put me in competitions and I
won my first nine amateur games. After watching me progress, he offered to
help me fight professionally. However, at one point I had a motorcycle
crash and was out for 18 months. This year I've fought in Milan and London.
I'd say I'm about 12 fights away from becoming a winner.
Sometimes I can't believe how far I've come from that day I arrived in
England. I think everything that's happened has been because I'm committed.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
But anyone could do it. If you put in 100% effort, you'll get there. I'm
just happy because I did a positive thing with my life. It feels good.
1. What had the writer done before he came to London?
A.He had worked in a restaurant.
B.He had been a professional coach.
C.He had worked in a small company.
D.He had done nothing but travel around.
2.How was the writer's life at first in London?
A.Exciting.
B.Scary.
C.Satisfying.
D.Dull.
3.What influenced the writer's life most?
A.Joining the boxing team.
B.Losing the competition in Milan.
C.Suffering from a motorcycle crash.
D.Being the head coach of the team.
4.What does the writer intend to convey in the last paragraph?
A.Life is not all roses.
B.Difficulties make him stronger.
C.Failure is the mother of success.
D.Devotion makes him successful.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者讲述了在伦敦找工作、学习泰拳和参加比赛的经历,并告诉我们只要
付出100%的努力,就能获得成功。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I'd been working for my dad's restaurant in
Milan and I wanted a new experience.”可知,作者来伦敦之前在他父亲的餐厅工作。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At the time, I had nothing else going
on...It was no difference every day.”可推知,作者最初在伦敦的生活是枯燥的。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I fell in love with it. I never missed a
session. I started training a lot”可推知,“加入拳击队”对作者的生活影响最
大。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知,作者想表达的是“全身心的付出让他获得
成功”。
Passage 3 话题:一把椅子 难度:中 词数:374
Maybe it's because it was our first purchase as homeowners. The
salesman must have spotted just how green we were, so he began persuading.
And soon he led us to a classic leather chair. All these years later, I
remember he used words like rich and handsome, the thing every living room
needed.
We believed him. So we bought that chair—just less than $100, a great
deal in the 1970s for a young couple!
How we loved that chair! It always occupied a place of honor in our
various living rooms, moving with us from our first tiny house to our
beloved new house.
Somehow, conversations were better on that chair, and life was more fun
around it. Three daughters spilled their secrets on it. Old friends seemed
to be attracted by it on those wonderful occasions. Crazy as it sounds,
that leather chair seemed to have—well, powers. All for good.
At first, we didn't really care that the leather was showing signs of
wear or that it had lost its sheen (光泽). But in our most recent move,
when the chair was moved in our new living room, it suddenly looked
terribly lonely sitting close to newly painted walls and a couple of shiny
new tables.
My husband and I tried but still we couldn't ignore the rough spots.
Our chair had a skin disease. Even our adult kids raised their eyebrows,
urging us to at least remove the chair to some dark corner of the room.
Neither of us could imagine such a retirement for it.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
So we had an inspired idea. We'd call in an upholsterer(家具装饰商) to
give our old chair a whole new life. Our friend Joe studied the chair and
then took out a simple leather conditioner. He explained that although it
wouldn't work miracles, it would definitely get our weary chair looking
younger again. It certainly doesn't look new, but its seat and back are
shining, and some of its deeper wrinkles have lightened.
Best of all, it's back in the living room, looking like a wise old
friend to the furniture around it. And, yes, there it will stay.
Because some things, like some people, just deserve a happy old age.
1.How did the salesman persuade the author into buying the chair?
A.By thinking highly of the author.
B.By saying that the author was green.
C.By describing how great the chair was.
D.By comparing the chair with others.
2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A.Sweet memories with the chair.
B.Various functions of the chair.
C.People's comments on the chair.
D.Family activities and parties of friends.
3.Why did the author finally decide to repair the chair?
A.Because she was persuaded by Joe.
B.Because she didn't have enough money.
C.Because it showed signs of hardness.
D.Because it couldn't match her new house.
4.What can we learn from the text?
A.East or west, home is best.
B.From saving comes having.
C.It is never too late to mend.
D.Old friends and wine are best.
答案北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
[语篇解读] 文章讲述的是一直跟随作者一家的一把椅子从崭新变得老旧,从小房子里
到大房子里,再到最后经过翻修的过程。
1.C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“And soon he led us to ...words like rich and
handsome, the thing every living room needed.”可知,销售员把我们带到一把经
典的皮革椅子那儿。这些年,作者一直记得他用的词语,比如富贵、漂亮、每个客厅都需要
等。所以销售员是通过描述椅子的出众来劝作者购买的。故选C。
2.A 主旨要义题。由第四段中的“...and life was more fun around it.”可知,在
那把椅子上的对话都是令人愉快的,围绕椅子的生活都是快乐的,所以与椅子有关的一
切都是甜蜜的回忆。故选A。
3.D 推理判断题。由第五段中的“it suddenly looked terribly lonely sitting
close to newly painted walls and a couple of shiny new tables”和第六段内容
可推知,因为椅子老旧不合时宜了,所以作者才决定要修理它。故选D。
4.D 推理判断题。由最后一段“Because some things, like some people, just
deserve a happy old age.”可知,一些东西,就像一些人,值得拥有一个快乐的晚年。
由此可知:陈酒味醇,老友情深。故选D。
Passage 4 话题:一款机器人 难度:中 词数:334
A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could
help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live
independently in their own homes.
The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors installed in a
WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing
and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位)
through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides
video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to
objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.
“RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity
detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the
moment, as the need for help is detected,” said Bryan Minor, a
postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need
assistance with everyday activities such as preparing meals and taking
medication and the annual cost of the assistance in the US is nearly $2
trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050,
researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will
relieve some of the financial strain on the health care system by making it
easier for older adults to live alone.
RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their
smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal
Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier
for older adults struggling to live independently.
“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial
results with RAS have been promising,” Minor said. “The next step in the
research will be to test RAS' performance with a group of older adults to
get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences
they have regarding the robot.”
1. How does RAS serve elderly people?
A.Through sensors.
B.Through objects.
C.Through a mobile robot.
D.Through their daily activities.
2.What can we know about RAS?
A.It is the first robot used in daily life.
B.Its function remains to be tested.
C.It can locate people and do any task.
D.It can cook for owners on its own.
3.What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS?
A.Doubtful.
B.Negative.
C.Optimistic.
D.Uncertain.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Elderly people leave the nursing home.
B.Smart home tests the first elder-care robot.
C.RAS, the first robot to make home smart.
D.Older adults have benefited from RAS.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人,它可以
帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知机器人活动支持系统(RAS)使用WSU智能家居
中配备的传感器来确定其居民在哪里,他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助,说
明传感器起到了重要的作用,故选A项。
2.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to
test RAS' performance ...”可推知,这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测试,说明
正在测试阶段,故选B项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While we are still in an early stage of
development, our initial results with RAS have been promising”可推知,Minor
对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心,非常乐观,故选C项。
4.B 主旨要义题。文章介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。由
最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS'
performance...”可知,机器人目前还在测试阶段,故选B项。
Passage 5 话题:疫苗 难度:难 词数:365
This year's flu season is shaping up to be a bad one. The new type of
flu virus is more severe than most. In addition many people find the
vaccine this year to be less effective, and others are wondering if they
should still get a flu shot. The answer is yes.
Each summer, scientists try to make a best guess about which variants
(变体) are going to be more common in the coming year. They look at data
from other countries, and then they make the vaccine to match.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Sometimes a vaccine doesn't work well because some variants change too
much. That's why in any year, even when you're vaccinated, you can get the
flu. The shot is about reducing the risk, not getting rid of it.
“Less effective” and “more effective” are relative terms, so we
need to focus more on absolute risks. In 2010, researchers published an in-
depth analysis of all flu shot studies. They showed that when a vaccine was
considered effective, 1.2% of vaccinated people had the flu, while 3.9% of
unvaccinated people had the flu. That's an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of
2.7 percentage points. In studies in which the flu shot was considered
ineffective, 1.1% of vaccinated people had the flu compared with 2.4% of
unvaccinated people. The ARR was 1.3 percentage points.
Let's say this year's flu vaccine is even worse than we think. Maybe
the ARR will be as low as 1 percentage point. That's still not that bad.
Given the millions who are likely to suffer from the flu and the thousands
of deaths each year, this is a big pay-off in public health. The Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that 9 million to 36 million
people become ill with the flu each year in the United States. Somewhere
between 140,000 and 710,000 of them require hospitalization, and 12,000 to
56,000 die each year.
No vaccine is perfectly protective in any year. But to minimize your
chances of illness, yes, you should still get the flu shot this year, and
any year.
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.Why some vaccines are ineffective.
B.Why people should get vaccines.
C.How a new vaccine is developed.
D.How people survive the flu in summer.
2.What can the ARR tell us according to the text?
A.How dangerous the flu could be.
B.The risk of a vaccine.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.How the flu spreads.
D.The effectiveness of a flu vaccine.
3.Why does the author provide the CDC's figures?
A.To show many people suffer from serious diseases each year.
B.To show flu vaccines are sometimes ineffective.
C.To show the flu is a major cause of human death.
D.To show vaccines can still save many people.
4.What is the main purpose of the text?
A.To report a threatening type of flu virus.
B.To persuade people to receive flu vaccines.
C.To explain the spread of flu viruses.
D.To give an introduction to this year's vaccine.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讨论随着流感病毒变体的增多及流感疫苗效果的下降,是否还有必要
注射流感疫苗。
1.C 主旨要义题。根据第二段内容“每年夏季,科学家们都试图猜测在未来的一年里,
哪些病毒变体会更普遍。他们查看来自其他国家的数据,然后对症研制疫苗”可知,本段
主要讲述疫苗研制的根据,即新的疫苗是如何研制的。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段后四句可知,ARR,即absolute risk reduction“绝对危
险度降低率”,能告诉我们流感疫苗的有效性。故选D项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第五段前四句可知,面对庞大的流感人群,疫苗还是能起到很好
的预防作用的。由此推知,后面列举的CDC的数据就是为了说明疫苗还是可以保护人们
的。故选D项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“But to minimize your chances of
illness, yes, you should still get the flu shot this year, and any year.”
可推知,文章的目的在于让人们接种疫苗。故选B项。
Passage 6
I was at the March for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were
about 70,000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and
truth.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harm from science
denial has only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on
climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine
skepticism.
I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my
scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking
to,” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” That's wrong.
Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to
put in the time to overcome distrust.
To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against
misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their
safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of
fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a
questionable finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more
strongly when faced with corrective information, implying that pushing back
against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose
results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it any
more, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target
corrective information.
In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science
deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking
evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A
landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing flawed techniques can contain
the spread of misinformation.
So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice?
Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke
conducted more than 1,000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to
new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions.
Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on
the schedule than those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first
time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I
trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot
convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have
a lack of information, but a lack of trust.
So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique
rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant in
conversation. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants
“more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shifting to more
comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchanges. If you spend
more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more
likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer.
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.The March for Science addressed online abuse.
B.The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial.
C.Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics.
D.The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers.
2.According to the passage, the “backfire effect” .
A.suggests caution before correcting others
B.emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals
C.results from flawed reasoning techniques
D.enjoys wide support in the academic field
3.The last two paragraphs suggest that .
A.the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of
the information
B.geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are
comfortable
C.scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during
interaction
D.scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges
4.In writing this passage, the author aims to .北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.express concerns for misinformation
B.analyze the root cause of science denial
C.advocate employing technique rebuttal
D.present the problems scientists encounter
答案
[语篇解读] 文章提出了当面对科学否认者时,科学家应该如何更好地应对“逆火效
应”——采取技术反驳的措施。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句和第三句“But when scientists turn down my
invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are
grounded in the ‘backfire effect’, a questionable finding that people
sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when faced with corrective
information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is
counterproductive.”可知,科学家们因为“逆火效应”拒绝对科学否认者的错误观念
进行反驳。且根据第五段第一句“In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals
can be effective.”可知,反驳实际上对于纠正科学否认者的错误观念是有效的。由此
可推知,B项(科学家们的沉默会加剧否定科学的危害。)符合文章内容。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句和第四句“Most often, their excuses are
grounded in the ‘backfire effect’, a questionable finding that people
sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when faced with corrective
information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is
counterproductive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to
popularize this idea do not embrace it any more, and argue that the true
challenge is learning how best to target corrective information.”可知,“逆
火效应”指人们在面对错误观念的纠正时,可能会更强烈地接受错误观念,而纠正错误
观念的真正挑战是选择怎样的方法来更好地纠正错误观念。由此可推知,人们在纠正他
人错误观念之前要谨慎。故选A。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知,这两段内容是文章倒数第三段提出的
问题“So how does ‘technique rebuttal’ work in practice?”引出来的。由此可
推知,文章最后两段的内容是在说明如何做好技术反驳——如果你花更多的时间提问而北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
不是解释,人们会更关注你的解释。因此C项(鼓励科学家在互动过程中仔细倾听并提出
问题)符合文章内容。
4.C 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知,文章前四段提出一个现象:应对科学否认者的错
误想法和观念,科学家们选择沉默,而不是直接反驳,避免人们更坚定地接受错误观念;
第五段、第六段作者提出观点——反驳对遏制错误观念的传播是有效的,并提出问题
“如何才能做好技术反驳”;最后两段给了一些技术反驳的应用案例。由此可知,作者的
目的是提倡采用技术反驳的方式来反驳科学否认者们的错误观念,与C项表述一致。
Passage 7
In the USA, youth curfews(宵禁) are traditionally issued by a parent in
the interest of safety. This type of curfew is personal, and rightfully so.
However, to stop teenagers committing crimes, some officials have turned
youth curfews from family decisions into public laws.
The idea may have been thought to have good intentions. In practice,
however, these policies have been shown to be unfair and unconstitutional,
according to the American Civil Liberties Union(ACLU). In the town of
Sumner, Washington, a father allowed his fourteen-year-old son to go to a
convenience store after 11:00 p.m. Sumner had adopted a curfew law that
prohibited people under the age of eighteen from being in public places
past that hour. The father was fined, and then he pursued a legal challenge
against the town. The ACLU, which filed the case on behalf of the father,
claimed the curfew laws had violated(侵犯) parents' rights. In the end,
Sumner's curfew laws were struck down.
But isn't it irresponsible not to enforce a curfew on teenagers? Curfew
laws supporters argue that officials should provide a curfew to ensure
teens are at home by a reasonable hour. The risk of a serious accident is
three times as high for drivers aged sixteen to nineteen as for drivers
over twenty. And dangers only increase at night. This indicates to some
that a law keeping teens off the road late at night is a positive safety
measure. Still, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)
says that the best ways for drivers to increase safety are by obeying the北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
speed limit, wearing a seat belt, and paying attention. NHTSA makes no
mention of youth curfews making driving safer.
In cities, curfew enforcement has been ineffective or even had a
negative impact on communities. Most crimes committed by teens actually
happen around 3:00 p.m., right after school. On non-school days, that time
shifts to between 7:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. The curfew hours, usually between
10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., occur at a time of day when teenage crime is at
its lowest. Meanwhile, violent crime reaches its peak around 10:00 p.m. for
adults. When law enforcement performs the teen curfew sweep, policemen are
distracted from the more serious violent crimes being committed by adults
at that time. Also troubling is the racial discrimination in cities with
curfews. For example, recent data have found that in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, 56% of youths charged with breaking curfews were African
American. Other law enforcement department reports show similar problems.
Curfew laws are criticized because they are enforced in a racially
discriminatory way.
The ACLU has succeeded in striking down at least one curfew law because
of concerns over parental rights. Along with other community and civil
rights groups, it continues to pursue other cases, arguing that curfew law
enforcement can only increase tension and crime. To arrest teens for
driving home from the movies, playing basketball in the park, or simply
walking their dog is to punish them for being outside their homes—a policy
inconsistent with the individual rights established in the U.S.
Constitution.
1.What is the author's attitude towards legal curfews for teenagers?
A.Disapproving.
B.Supportive.
C.Uncertain.
D.Indifferent.
2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.Reasonable curfew hours for teenagers.
B.The necessity of enforcing youth curfews.
C.Unwanted consequences of youth curfews.
D.The impact of youth curfews on adult crimes.
3.What can be inferred about the ACLU from the passage?
A.It helps people defend their individual rights.
B.It is in favour of enforcing a curfew on teenagers.
C.It stresses the responsibilities of parents to their children.
D.It believes youth curfews are highly related to road safety.
4.From the passage we can learn that .
A.teenagers in the United States love their independence
B.enforcing youth curfews will lead to distrust of the policemen
C.legal curfews should exist only when parents are irresponsible
D.legal curfews violate individual liberties and may be cancelled
答案
[语篇解读] 文章针对美国提出的宵禁法给出了各方的观点。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段的后两句“This type of curfew is personal, and
rightfully so. However, to stop teenagers committing crimes, some officials
have turned youth curfews from family decisions into public laws.”、第二段
第一句“The idea may have been thought to have good intentions.”、第三段前
两句“But isn't it irresponsible not to enforce a curfew on teenagers?
Curfew laws supporters argue that officials should provide a curfew to
ensure teens are at home by a reasonable hour.”以及最后一段内容可知,作者对
青少年法定宵禁这一举措的态度是消极、负面的,因此选择A项(不赞同的)。supportive
支持的; uncertain不确定的; indifferent漠不关心的。
2.C 主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“In cities, curfew enforcement has been
ineffective or even had a negative impact on communities.”以及下文内容可知,
执行宵禁的时间并不是青少年犯罪的高发时段,而执行宵禁搜查可能会对阻止更严重的
暴力罪行有消极影响,同时执行宵禁的城市中,执行者可能会使用种族歧视的方式执行
宵禁,也会带来负面影响。由此可知,第四段主要是在说青少年宵禁的不良后果,与C项
表述一致。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“In practice, however, these policies have
been shown to be unfair and unconstitutional, according to the American
Civil Liberties Union(ACLU).”以及第二段中的例子可知,ACLU认为,青少年宵禁政
策被证明是不公平和违反宪法的,并且ACLU代表案例中的父亲提出诉讼:宵禁法侵犯了
父母的权利。且根据最后一段最后一句“To arrest teens for driving home from
the movies, playing basketball in the park, or simply walking their dog is
to punish them for being outside their homes—a policy inconsistent with
the individual rights established in the U.S. Constitution.”可知,宵禁法与
美国宪法不一致的原因是违反了宪法中规定的个人权利。由此可推知,ACLU是一个帮助
人们捍卫个人权利的组织,与A项表述一致。
4.D 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,ACLU因为捍卫父母的权利已经成功废除了
Sumner的宵禁法。且根据最后一段最后一句可知,宵禁法违反了宪法中的个人权利。由
此可推知,D项(宵禁法侵犯个人自由,可能会被取消)符合文章内容。
Passage 8
The mountains where I live are full of turnings and narrow roads.I was
driving down one of those roads last spring. Days of on and off rain had
made the ground muddy. Suddenly, I saw that the weakened soil had released
a tree on the hill by the road.It was now lying on the middle of the road,
blocking the way. I hit the brakes and slowly drove around it. Then I
stopped. I knew it was only a matter of time before someone driving faster
than I would crash into that tree.
I got out of my car and tried to remove the tree but it was much too
big and heavy. I didn't know what to do but I was lucky that day. Thirty
seconds later a white truck appeared and pulled over. Out stepped a bearded
young man. “You need a chainsaw (电锯)?” he asked. I said, “Yes!” And
he pulled one out of the back of his truck. For the next few minutes, he
cut the tree into pieces while I carried them across the road and put them
down on the side of the road. “You never know when you will need a
chainsaw,” I joked while my new friend smiled and put the chainsaw back in北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
the truck. I waved goodbye and watched him drive off before heading back to
my own car.
As I drove away, I took pride in what I had done and I thought it was
coincidental for us to meet in just the right spot at just the right time.
With some excitement, I knew that I was able to help prevent an accident
and said a joyful “Thank you!” in my heart to the new friend as the rain
finally stopped and the sun came out of the clouds. In this life you never
know when you will need help. So, open your heart and help make this world
become more beautiful.
1.Why did the author decide to remove the tree?
A.He had to stop and wait.
B.He would be late for work.
C.He wanted to prevent traffic accidents.
D.He thought the tree had completely blocked the road.
2.What happened when the author had difficulty in removing the tree?
A.His best friend appeared in time.
B.A man with a chainsaw appeared.
C.His friend came to help him.
D.A truck crashed into it.
3.How did the author feel about his experience?
A.Exhausted and upset.
B.Disappointed and annoyed.
C.Miserable and surprised.
D.Delighted and proud.
4.What is the author's main purpose in writing this text?
A.To show his love to the world.
B.To thank the young man for his help.
C.To share his unforgettable experience.
D.To call on readers to be ready to help others.
答案北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为优秀品行。作者在
路上遇到一棵倒在路中间的树,为了防止发生交通事故,他和别人一起将挡路的大树移
走,给后来的车辆带来了安全。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的I knew it was only a matter of time before
someone driving faster than I would crash into that tree可推断出,作者移走这
棵倒在路中间的树是为了防止发生交通事故。故选C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,在作者发现自己难以移动这棵树之后不久,一个带
着电锯,开着卡车的年轻人出现了。故选B项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的As I drove away, I took pride in what I had
done和With some excitement, I knew that I was able to help prevent an
accident可推断出作者的内心是高兴和自豪的。故选D项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的In this life you never know when you will
need help. So, open your heart and help make this world become more
beautiful可知作者的写作目的是用自己的经历号召读者多多帮助身边有需要的人。故
选D项。
Passage 9
A PhD student in Michigan defended her paper while wearing a skirt made
of rejection letters she received while studying. Caitlin Kirby printed out
17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships, academic journals, and
conferences—then folded each one into a fan. She connected them in rows,
and by the end she designed the item into a skirt and wore it.
She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a
desire to normalize rejection and take pride in overcoming it.“The whole
process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of
reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed,”she
said. “A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way.”
Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and
environmental science at Michigan State University, also encourages the
acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for
students to get into the habit of applying for things, and to get used to北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
the feeling of being rejected, so she encourages them to chase after any
opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the
spot in the academic journal, that's okay. They'll still learn something in
the process.
As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things:
Since her doctorate, she's won a scholarship to do further research on
urban agriculture in Germany.
Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of
Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds?“I'm prepared to receive a
few more rejection letters along the way,”she joked heartily. “Maybe I'll
make a longer skirt.”
1.What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?
A.She received 17 rejection letters in total.
B.29 of her rejection letters were from journals.
C.The rejection letters were connected into a fan.
D.She made some rejection letters into a skirt.
2.What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?
A.Favorable.
B.Ambiguous.
C.Skeptical.
D.Opposed.
3.Which of the following words can best describe Caitlin?
A.Creative and considerate.
B.Caring and determined.
C.Optimistic and humorous.
D.Generous and intelligent.
4.Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?
A.Hard work pays off.
B.Education is the entrance to success.
C.Self-respect earns more respect.
D.One needs to normalize failures.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为正确的人生态度。
文章主要介绍了Caitlin Kirby将收到的拒绝信做成了一件裙子,希望告诉人们,失败
是很正常的。
1.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters可定位于第一
段。根据She connected them in rows, and by the end she designed the item
into a skirt and wore it.可知,Caitlin Kirby将收到的拒绝信做成了一件裙子。故
选D项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据题干中Julie Libarkin可定位于第三段。根据Caitlin's
adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science at
Michigan State University, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her
students可推断,Julie Libarkin对Caitlin的行为是赞成的。故选A项。
技巧点拨 人物的情感态度往往可通过形容词、副词、动词或句子进行判断,因此在解决
此类问题时要善于抓住关键词句进行分析和判断。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和最后一段中“I'm prepared to receive a
few more rejection letters along the way,”she joked heartily. “Maybe I'll
make a longer skirt.”可推断,Caitlin Kirby乐观且幽默。故选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段尤其是normalize rejection可知,她认为我们需要
将失败正常化。故选D项。
Passage 10
Giuseppe Paternò achieved the dream of a lifetime: He got a university
degree when he was 96.
Mr. Paternò's graduation has inspired news coverage around the world,
partly because of his age. Mr. Paternò has got around many difficulties in
his lifetime. Studying had been his passion since he was a small child, he
said, “but unfortunately life betrayed me.”
Born in Palermo in 1923, he was the first of seven children in a very
poor family. His dad worked at a job on a farm, and his mother took care of
these children at home. Mr. Paternò began working soon after finishing
primary school. “The family was large, there was only one paycheck, we北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
were under fascism (法西斯主义),and times were tough,” he said. Eventually
he ended up at a publishing house, where the boss persuaded his father to
send him back to school for a three-year vocational degree. Mr. Paternò
then worked for an insurance agency while he took private classes to become
a telegraph operator. The job also opened the door to the State Railways
company, where he worked for more than four decades.
In 1951, with a wife and two small children at home, he earned a high
school degree as a surveyor, which led to an office job at State Railways.
It was only after he retired, in the mid-1980s, that he returned to his
books, taking theology courses after a chance meeting with a professor of
history who urged him to follow his passion.
Mr. Micari, the president of the University of Palermo, congratulated
Mr. Paternò on finishing his degree with a near perfect grade point
average. “A graduate at this age, who has all this passion, this
enthusiasm, and this talent is certainly an extraordinary spokesman for our
university,” Mr. Micari told reporters later.
1.What did Giuseppe Paternò do after primary school?
A.He took care of children at home.
B.He worked to support his family.
C.He helped his father with his work.
D.He managed a publishing house.
2.Which word best describes the boss of the publishing house?
A.Creative.
B.Good-tempered.
C.Cautious.
D.Far-sighted.
3.What made Giuseppe Paternò get an office job at State Railways?
A.Working for an insurance agency.
B.Taking private classes in telegraph.
C.Receiving his high school degree.
D.Working there for over forty years.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.What message does the story convey?
A.It's never too late to learn.
B.Rome wasn't built in a day.
C.Education is the key to success.
D.Ups and downs make one strong.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为优秀品行和正确
的人生态度。文章通过朱塞佩·帕特诺在96岁的高龄获得大学学位这件事告诉我们
“活到老,学到老”。
1.B 推理判断题。根据题干中after primary school可定位到第三段。根据 Mr.
Paternò began working soon after finishing primary school(帕特诺先生小学毕
业后不久就开始工作)可知,小学毕业以后,朱塞佩·帕特诺工作来养家。故选B项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中Eventually he ended up at a publishing house,
where the boss persuaded his father to send him back to school for a three-
year vocational degree(最终,他进入了一家出版社,在那里,老板说服他的父亲送他
回学校获得一个3年的职业学历)可推知,出版社的老板是有远见的。故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据get an office job at State Railways可定位到第四段。根
据In 1951, with a wife and two small children at home, he earned a high
school degree as a surveyor, which led to an office job at State Railways.
可知,获得高中学历使朱塞佩·帕特诺在国家铁路公司得到了一份办公室工作。故选C
项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段Giuseppe Paternò achieved the dream of a
lifetime: He got a university degree when he was 96.(朱塞佩·帕特诺实现了一
生的梦想:他在96岁时获得了大学学位)可知,文章通过朱塞佩·帕特诺在96岁的高龄
获得大学学位这件事告诉我们“活到老,学到老”。故选A项。
Passage 11北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Roughly the size of a soda can, sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively
harmless device(设备) may be turning friends away from your home. The
elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a
device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes. But
few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests.
Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being recorded
while you all watch TV together?
“It's certainly new territory, especially as home security cameras
become easier to fix,”says Lizzie Post, a distinguished manners advisor.
“I think it will be very interesting to see what manners appear in terms
of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests
have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a security issue.”
Post wants to make clear that she's not talking about legal rights, but
rather personal preference.
When it comes to security cameras, Post says it's a host's
responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within their home. If
the host casually acknowledges that there is a camera in the room by
telling a story about it, that may be enough to provide an opening for a
guest to say if they are uncomfortable.
However, if a contractor(承包商) is working in your home, you don't
need to tell them that there are cameras watching. Then again, the camera
can also work in contractors' favor. “If anything does go wrong while
they're in the house, they don't want to be blamed for it,” she says. In
fact, the camera could be the thing that proves that they didn't steal the
$20, or knock the vase off the table.
1.The visitors are concerned that the security camera may .
A.threaten their health
B.spoil their peace of mind
C.disturb their privacy
D.affect their preference北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.What is a host's responsibility concerning the security camera?
A.Indicating its position.
B.Making their guests feel at ease.
C.Turning it off in time.
D.Having a casual talk with guests.
3.How can the home security camera benefit contractors working in your
home?
A.It can prevent the accidents happening.
B.It can prove their innocence.
C.It can record their working progress.
D.It can make their work more enjoyable.
4.What's the author's attitude towards the security camera?
A.Negative. B.Pessimistic.
C.Favorable. D.Objective.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活。人们越
来越多地在家里使用联网安全摄像机以获得内心的平静,但很少有人会停下来考虑这些
设备可能对访客产生的影响。
1.C 推理判断题。根据前两段和常识可知,很多人不想被摄像机记录,他们担心安全摄
像机可能会干扰他们的隐私。故选C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的When it comes to security cameras, Post says
it's a host's responsibility to make sure guests feel comfortable within
their home(说到安全摄像机,Post说,确保客人在家里感到舒适是主人的责任)可知选
B项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一句In fact, the camera could be the thing that
proves that they didn't steal the $20, or knock the vase off the table.可知,
家庭安全摄像机可以通过证明在家工作的承包商的无辜而对他们有好处。故选B项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,作者说明了安全摄像机的利与弊,并没有说明自
己支持还是反对安全摄像机,因此作者的态度是客观的。故选D项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Passage 12
Student loan (贷款) debt has become a worldwide problem. In America,
the country's overall student debt reached a record $1.6 trillion in
2019.The average person with student loan debt owed between $20,000 and
$25,000. A recent Japanese government report says it has been lending over
$9 billion yearly to students since 2010.Similar conditions exist in Africa
and South America.
Several factors account for high student loan debt. One is that
employers everywhere have increased their demands on workers, making higher
education a requirement for many jobs. The students, however, after
graduation, often find that their country's economy is not strong enough to
support their financial needs, so their ability to pay back the loan
becomes a problem.
To solve the problem, many countries are seeking their ways. Australia
has developed a system where students do not have to pay anything back
until they are earning at least $40,000 a year. In America, several
candidates running for president have offered more extreme solutions that
all or at least some of these loans will be forgiven.
Some professors in several universities recently studied what the
effects of debt forgiveness might be. They found that, overall, sudden debt
relief greatly improved the borrowers' lives. Not only did they have more
money, but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better
paying work.
Yet the professors' research doesn't include a look at what might
happen to financial institutions or the overall economy if debt were
totally forgiven. It only looks at how debt forgiveness would help the
borrowers. The professors warn that debt relief might actually make
borrowers become more reckless (轻率的) with their borrowing in the future.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
No matter what, the professors agree that if countries do decide to
approve some student debt relief, the neediest students should be helped
first.
1.How does the author introduce the problem of student loan debt?
A.By making a comparison.
B.By making classifications.
C.By presenting some statistics.
D.By setting down general rules.
2.What can we learn about student loan debt relief?
A.It will surely provide some benefits to borrowers.
B.It has already been carried out in the United States.
C.It aims to encourage more students to borrow money.
D.It will prevent a person from landing a well paying job.
3.What is the professors' attitude to debt relief?
A.Uncaring.
B.Positive.
C.Disapproving.
D.Cautious.
4.What's the main idea of the text?
A.Student loan debt is the most serious problem worldwide.
B.Growing global student debt fuels search for solutions.
C.Student loan debt tends to pull the needy out of trouble.
D.People hold different opinions on debt forgiveness.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会热点问题。文
章介绍了学生贷款债务成为全球性问题,各国都在寻求解决方案。
1.C 推理判断题。由第一段可知,作者通过展示一些统计数据介绍学生贷款债务问题。
故选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段的They found that, overall, sudden debt relief
greatly improved the borrowers' lives(他们发现,总的来说,突然的债务减免极大
地改善了借款人的生活)可知,债务减免肯定会给借款人带来一些好处。故选A项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段可知教授们发现了债务减免的好处,他们也提出
了可能的负面影响,因此,教授们对债务减免的态度是谨慎的。故选D项。
4.B 主旨要义题。本文前两段讲学生贷款债务问题,后面讲了解决方案,所以短文主要
讲不断增长的全球学生贷款债务促使各国寻找解决方案。故选B项。
长难句 The students, however, after graduation, often find that their
country's economy is not strong enough to support their financial needs, so
their ability to pay back the loan becomes a problem.然而,在毕业后,学生们经
常发现他们国家的经济没有强到足以支撑他们的财务需求,所以他们偿还贷款的能力成
为了一个问题。
句中that引导动词find的宾语从句。
Passage 13
I entered a cabinetmaking(家具制造)program. I didn't think I would be
good at making furniture. I'm not handy. Nobody in my family is.
I had great teachers, but making furniture is hard. There are so many
steps and something can go wrong at each one. I couldn't even get
organized. My toolbox always looked as if a hurricane had gone through it.
I didn't fully know what I was committed to in the beginning, but I
kept attending classes. I tried to be wrapped up in math. The projects
forced me to solve new kinds of problems. My brain started to build new
connections. Working in this new physical manner and giving it 100 percent
of my effort had huge benefits for my mental health. I got over my fear of
embarrassment and asked for help at every opportunity.
I spent that year truly learning.True learning is the most challenging
experience, especially for those of us who are learning a new set of
skills. I could understand exactly what was wrong with the furniture I
made, but I couldn't fix those problems. And yet, I kept trying. I failed
again and again, until I learned to fail better.
In the end, I finished the program—with honors, no less! My grades
were helped by my good written work. I also learned how to use tools.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Having to constantly push myself to step outside my comfort zone has made
me a more well-rounded person.
Maybe most importantly, the school gave me a more realistic idea of my
strengths and limitations. I'm stronger than I thought!
1.What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs?
A.She had a gift for making furniture.
B.She lacked practical skills.
C.She disliked making everything in a mess.
D.She went to the program to surprise her family.
2.What was the biggest challenge the author encountered?
A.Physical condition.
B.Psychological preparation.
C.To know how to correct mistakes.
D.Not being good at math.
3.What do you think of the author?
A.Hard-working and determined.
B.Confident and efficient.
C.Cooperative and creative.
D.Modest and talented.
4.What did the author benefit most from the project?
A.She won an award for good writing.
B.She became stronger both mentally and physically.
C.She became skillful at making furniture.
D.She had a better understanding of herself.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为积极的生活
态度。文章主要讲述了作者学习一个新的课程——家具制造的经历。一开始作者面临重
重困难,但作者没有放弃,以积极的态度最后完成了这一课程并在过程中加深了对自己
的理解。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中I'm not handy以及第二段中I couldn't even get
organized. My toolbox always looked as if a hurricane had gone through it可
知,作者缺乏实践技能。故选B项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第四段可知,作者遇到的最大挑战是如何在实践中学会改正自
己的错误。故选C项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中I didn't fully know what I was committed to in
the beginning, but I kept attending classes和I got over my fear of
embarrassment and asked for help at every opportunity以及第四段中I spent
that year truly learning和And yet, I kept trying. I failed again and
again, until I learned to fail better可综合推断作者工作努力,意志坚定。故选A
项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Maybe most importantly, the school gave me a
more realistic idea of my strengths and limitations. I'm stronger than I
thought!可知,作者在这个项目中最大的收获是她对自己有了更好的了解。故选D项。
Passage 14
The German ship Polarstern is designed to break up heavy ice. But in
September, 2019, the ship set sail from Norway with the goal of getting
frozen into the Arctic ice cap for a year. The mission (任务) was part of a
$155 million project known as MOSAiC, led by Germany's Alfred Wegener
Institute (AWI), whose goal is to learn more about the ice that forms near
the North Pole. The ice cap here isn't completely solid, and it's a
collection of floes — floating sheets of ice. As summer approaches, some
of the ice melts and many floes break free.
By October, 2019, the ship was frozen into the Arctic ice north of
Siberia. The mission wasn't without its challenges. First and most
importantly, the Polarstern had to find an ice floe that would be used as
its primary research base. The ice floe must be solid enough to anchor the
ship and to support all the research equipment the scientists needed to
use. However, doing it proved easier said than done. Once the ship was
frozen in place, the scientists had to wrestle with the dangerous polar北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
bears that were wandering around. Dealing with extreme cold was another
challenge. They also had to face the long and dark polar night, a period
during winter when the sun doesn't rise at all in the central Arctic. In
October, 2020, the boat finally returned to Bremerhaven, Germany.
“We are watching the Arctic sea ice die,” said the mission's leader,
Markus Rex. The team reports that the ice shelf is full of holes, and that
the ice that remains is thin and melting. Recent satellite measurements
support that idea. The size of this year's ice cap is the second smallest
ever recorded.
Next comes the long process of studying all the data that was collected
during the last year. Thomas Krumpen, one of the scientists, said, “We'll
likely be busy with it over the next ten years.”
The scientists hope this abundant information will help them make
better predictions about climate change.
1.What does MOSAiC try to do in the Arctic?
A.Protect the ice cap.
B.Stop the ice melting.
C.Study the ice deeply.
D.Break up heavy ice.
2.What was the biggest challenge for the scientists on the Polarstern?
A.Finding the right floe.
B.Fighting the extreme cold.
C.Avoiding polar bears.
D.Reducing loneliness.
3.What is the author's attitude towards the situations of Arctic ice?
A.Carefree. B.Positive.
C.Tolerant. D.Objective.
4.Which of the following best describes the journey to the Arctic?
A.Expensive.
B.Confidential.
C.Fruitful.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.Casual.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护与自然
生态。德国“极星”号破冰船在北极冰帽中冻结了一年后,于2020年10月终于回到了
德国的不来梅港。该船收集了大量有关北极冰的信息,科学家们希望这些信息能够帮助
他们更好地预测气候变化。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的The mission (任务) was part of a $155 million
project known as MOSAiC, led by Germany's Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI),
whose goal is to learn more about the ice that forms near the North Pole可
知,这个项目的目的是更多地了解北极附近形成的冰。故选C项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段的First and most importantly, the Polarstern had
to find an ice floe that would be used as its primary research
base...However, doing it proved easier said than done可知,找到合适的浮冰对
“极星”号上的科学家来说是最大的挑战。故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,作者只是客观说明北极海冰的现状。故选D项。
carefree无忧无虑的;positive积极乐观的;tolerant包容的;objective客观的。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第四段Next comes the long process of studying all the
data that was collected during the last year. Thomas Krumpen, one of the
scientists, said, “We'll likely be busy with it over the next ten years.”
和第五段The scientists hope this abundant information will help them make
better predictions about climate change.可推知,“极星”号此次北极之旅收获颇
丰。故选C项。
Passage 15
In the 19th century, an Arab physician known as Ibn Zuhr conducted some
animal research to assess the surgical procedures that could be applicable
to humans. Since then, animal testing has been considered to be the most
efficient way to develop new drugs. New medical treatments and drugs are
tested on animals first to determine their effectiveness or safety levels
before they are finally tested on humans. However, it remains controversial北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
whether it is morally right or wrong to use animals for medical or
commercial experiments.
The use of animals for medical purposes is seen to be necessary by many
scientists. Researchers usually begin their trials using rats. If the tests
are successful, further tests are done on monkeys before using human
beings. For testing, such tiered(分层的) rounds are important because it
reduces the level of error and any negative side effects. Some argue that
animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments and
that there is no adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body
system. Moreover, there are regulations for animal testing that limit the
misuse of animals during research, which serves as evidence that animals
are well taken care of and treated well instead of being intentionally
harmed.
However, some other experts and animal welfare groups have opposed such
practice, terming it inhumane(不人道的) and claiming it should be banned.
According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are
commonly subjected to force-feeding, radiation exposure, operations to
deliberately cause damage and frightening situations to create depression
and anxiety. They also hold the view that animals are very different from
human beings and therefore make poor test subjects. Drugs that pass animal
tests are not necessarily safe. Animal tests on the arthritis(关节炎) drug
Vioxx showed that it would have a protective effect on the hearts of mice,
yet the drug went on to cause more than 27,000 heart attacks before being
pulled from the market.
It's safe to say that using animals for tests will continue to be
debated in many years to come. Despite the benefits of animal testing, some
of the animal welfare organizations' concerns need to be addressed with
adequate regulations to ensure that animals are treated humanely.
1.Why is animal testing considered necessary?
A.Because rats are more similar to humans than monkeys.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.Because other testing alternatives may not replace the need for animals.
C.Because animal testing can spare humans any side effect.
D.Because animal testing has been in practice since the 19th century.
2.What suffering do animals go through during experiments?
A.Eating poisonous food.
B.Being killed deliberately.
C.Breathing in polluted air.
D.Having unnecessary operations.
3.What does the example Vioxx in Paragraph 3 tell us?
A.Arthritis is hard to cure.
B.Some drugs need to be withdrawn from the market.
C.Animal tests cannot necessarily produce accurate results.
D.A drug should be tested many more times before its release.
4.What action will the author probably agree with?
A.Experts try hard to determine whether animal tests are harmful.
B.The authorities issue a new law to guarantee animal rights during
research.
C.Scientists reduce the number of animals used in research.
D.Relevant organizations show more concern about the animals' welfare.
答案
语篇解读 本文为议论文,主题语境是人与社会。文章指出动物用于医学或商业实验在
道德上是对还是错仍然存在争议。可以肯定地说,在未来的许多年里,使用动物进行试验
的争论将继续存在。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中Some argue that animal testing has contributed
to many life-saving cures and treatments and that there is no adequate
alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system.可知,动物实验被认为是
必要的,因为其他的实验方法可能无法替代动物。故选B项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中According to Humane Society International,
animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force-feeding,
radiation exposure, operations to deliberately cause damage and frightening
situations to create depression and anxiety.可知,动物在实验中会遭受做不必要
的手术的痛苦。故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中Animal tests on the arthritis drug Vioxx
showed that it would have a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet
the drug went on to cause more than 27,000 heart attacks before being
pulled from the market.可知,第三段中Vioxx的例子告诉了我们动物测试不一定产
生精确的结果。故选C项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Despite the benefits of animal testing, some
of the animal welfare organizations' concerns need to be addressed with
adequate regulations to ensure that animals are treated humanely.可知,作者
可能会同意当局颁布一项新法律以保证研究期间的动物权利。故选B项。
长难句 Moreover, there are regulations for animal testing that limit the
misuse of animals during research, which serves as evidence that animals
are well taken care of and treated well instead of being intentionally
harmed. 此外,还有动物实验条例限制研究期间对动物的滥用,这证明动物得到了很好
的照顾和对待,而不是被故意伤害。
本句为主从复合句。句中第一个that引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词
regulations,that在从句中作主语,不可省略;which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面
整句话的内容,在该定语从句中连接词that引导同位语从句,说明evidence的内容,不
可省略。
Passage 16
UK supermarkets are producing more plastic waste despite promising to
cut down, new research suggests, as sales of bags for life increase to 1.5
billion.
Retailers(零售商)were responsible for more than 900,000 tons of plastic
waste in 2018. Seven of the ten largest supermarket chains reported a北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
higher plastic packaging tonnage in 2019 compared to 2018, although exact
figures for this year(2019) have not been released.
Compared to 2018, this year the number of sold eco-friendly bags for
life rose by about 25%. Campaigners said the rise showed that the bags are
now being used by many as a replacement for single-use carrier bags.
Campaigners recommend that supermarkets increase the price of bags for
life to 70 pence ($0.9). They point to the 90% reduction in the sales of
bags for life in Ireland, where prices are set at 70 cents ($0.77).
“However, in an ideal world bags for life would be removed completely,
enforced by a government ban,” said campaigners.
“It's shocking to see that despite unprecedented(空前的)awareness of
the pollution crisis, the amount of single-use plastic bags used by the
UK's biggest supermarkets has actually increased in the past year,” said
Juliet Phillips, EIA ocean campaigner. She added, “Our survey shows that
grocery retailers need to tighten up on targets to drive real reductions in
single-use packaging and items. We need to address our throwaway culture at
its root. Substituting one single-use material for another is not the
solution.”
The report reveals that plastic use among suppliers is also to blame,
and supermarkets have failed to make them reduce plastic packaging. Tesco
leads the way in this area, threatening to delist products of suppliers who
fail to cut excessive plastic. Campaigners are urging other supermarkets to
do the same.
Plastic waste is a global issue and various countries have taken action
to reduce its impact.
1.What does the new research in the UK find?
A.What results in more plastic waste.
B.Why customers use more bags for life.
C.How many plastic bags have been used by now.
D.How UK supermarkets cut down plastic waste.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.What do we know about the plastic waste in the UK in 2019?
A.It decreased slightly.
B.It became more serious.
C.It got controlled well.
D.It was out of control.
3.What's Juliet Phillips's suggestion for the UK's supermarkets?
A.Banning the use of bags for life.
B.Charging more for producing plastic bags.
C.Taking practical steps to reduce plastic waste.
D.Changing the materials to make plastic bags.
4.What does Tesco do to cut down the use of plastic?
A.It requires suppliers to cut down plastic packaging.
B.It tries to find out a replacement for single-use carrier bags.
C.It calls on consumers to use fewer plastic bags.
D.It forces supermarkets to fight against plastic pollution.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与社会。文章讲述了英国的超市和其他零售商
在2019年卖了大量的塑料袋,由此造成了更多的塑料垃圾。为此,环保活动家呼吁采取
措施,切实解决塑料垃圾问题。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,新的研究发现,英国的超市导致了更多的塑料垃圾。
故选A项。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段的数据可推知,2019年英国的塑料垃圾比2018年更多。
故选B项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中Juliet Phillips所说可知,她希望超市采取实际行动
减少塑料垃圾。故选C项。
4.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,Tesco在带头采取行动让供货商减少塑料包装。
故选A项。
Passage 17北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
On average, primary school children in England have at least three
sugary snacks a day, Public Health England(PHE)found. This means that the
sugar they consume is three times more than the recommended maximum.
Children between the ages of 4 and 10 consume 51.2% of sugar from
unhealthy snacks. PHE has launched a campaign, Change4Life, to encourage
parents to look for healthier snacks of no more than 100 calories, and to
limit them to two a day. The campaign advises parents to give their
children a maximum of two snacks a day, with each containing no more than
100 calories. The campaign will also offer parents special suggestions on a
range of healthier snacks—ones with 100 calories or fewer—at selected
supermarkets.
PHE said it had also improved its app so that it could show the sugar,
salt and fat content of food and drinks. Dr Alison Tedstone told BBC she
hoped the campaign would help parents to choose healthier snacks for their
children. “If you wander through a supermarket, you can see much more
goods being sold such as snacks than ever before,”she said. “It's a
common phenomenon that kids' lunchboxes are full of snacks, leading to a
lot of calories for lunch. Our research shows that parents usually
appreciate a rule of thumb(实用的估算方法). However, they are surprised to
know how much sugar their children are consuming in snacks now.”
Justine Roberts said, “The intake(摄入量)of sugar that kids are
getting from snacks and sugary drinks is pretty astonishing, and it can
often be difficult to distinguish which snacks are healthy and which are
not. The rule of thumb from Change4Life can help parents make their
decisions correctly and wisely.”
1.In terms of snacks, Change4Life recommends that children have at most
.
A.one snack a day
B.three snacks a day
C.100 calories a day北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.200 calories a day
2.What can PHE's improved app help parents do?
A.Test the calories of snacks.
B.Choose delicious snacks.
C.Know the exact content of snacks.
D.Save much money.
3.Which of the following can be inferred from Justine Roberts' words?
A.Most parents' former experience about snacks is practical.
B.It is easy to tell healthy snacks and unhealthy snacks apart.
C.Children only take in lots of sugar from snacks and drinks.
D.Change4Life is meaningful for parents' decisions on snacks.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Solve the Health Problems of Children
B.Change the Eating Habits of Children
C.Limit Children's Intake of Calories
D.Ensure Children's Healthy Lifestyle
答案
语篇解读 英格兰小学生平均每天至少吃三次甜点,糖的摄入量远远超出了所推荐的最
大量。英格兰公共卫生局发起了一项运动,鼓励家长限制孩子热量的摄入量。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的The campaign advises parents to give their
children a maximum of two snacks a day, with each containing no more than
100 calories.可以得知,Change4Life这项运动建议家长每天最多给孩子两次零食,每
次所含热量不超过100卡路里,即每天最多吃含有200卡路里热量的零食,故D项正确。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知,经过改善的app可以帮助家长了解食品、饮料
中含有的糖、盐、脂肪等成分,故C项正确。
3.D 推理判断题。在最后一段Justine Roberts指出,孩子们从零食、含糖饮料中摄入
的糖量惊人,很难辨别哪些零食是健康的,哪些是不健康的,Change4Life的实用的估算
方法可帮助家长做出正确、明智的决定,D项符合文章内容。
4.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,英格兰公共卫生局发起了Change4Life运动,以此限
制孩子对过多热量的摄入,C项符合文章主旨。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
长难句 The intake of sugar that kids are getting from snacks and sugary
drinks is pretty astonishing, and it can often be difficult to distinguish
which snacks are healthy and which are not.孩子们从零食、含糖饮料中摄入的糖
量很是惊人,并且经常很难辨别哪些零食是健康的,哪些是不健康的。
本句中that为引导定语从句的关系代词,distinguish后使用了which引导的宾语从句。
Passage 18
词数 420
mangoes
Once small farmers in Masii, a remote village in Kenya, have picked
their crops, all they can do is wait until a buyer trucks through. The
system works fairly well for beans and corn, but mangoes—the area's other
main crop—spoil (腐烂) more quickly. If the trader is late, they rot.
Obadiah Kisaingu, a farmer in Masii, estimates 40% of the village's
mango crop is lost to spoilage. But a simple coating could change that. A
company, SmartTech, has created a product that doubles the shelf life of
fresh produce, enabling farmers like Kisaingu to access far-off, larger
markets. More time for fresh produce on grocers' shelves also means less
food waste—a $2.6 trillion problem, according to the United Nations' Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
James Rogers, CEO of SmartTech, who has a PhD in materials science,
wanted to solve the problem for food much in the same way that oxide
barriers preventing rust (锈) have achieved for steel. Fortunately,
researchers have found when plants made the jump from water to land
hundreds of millions of years ago, they developed cutin, a barrier which is北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
made of fatty acids that link together to form a seal around the plant,
helping keep water in.
The cutin was such a grand strategy that today you'll still find it
across the plant kingdom. Not that it's exactly the same solution across
the board:An orange can last longer than a strawberry not so much because
of the thickness of its skin, but because of the difference in the
arrangement of those cutin molecules (分子) on the surface. SmartTech's
challenge was first identifying the key components of cutin. After
extensive trials, Rogers and his team developed a natural and tasteless
protective coating from plant material—stems, leaves and skins. The
product extends the sweet spot between ripening and rot. And best of all,
the treated produce doesn't require refrigeration.
SmartTech traveled a long road to get here. It was six years from the
launch before products applied with the substance were in stores.
SmartTech-treated fruits and vegetables are already in large grocery chains
in Europe and the U.S. and the company recently gained regulatory approval
in several less developed countries in South America.
“SmartTech has huge potential to turn poor farmers in Africa into
commercial farmers,” says Rogers. “That means more money in pockets, and
more food in stomachs.” But whether the company can cost-effectively reach
small farmers in far-off areas still remains a challenge.
1.The author mentions the small farmers in Kenya to .
A.stress their need for preserving produce
B.show their difficulty in harvesting crops
C.evaluate their loss caused by slow transport
D.help express their wish to reach larger markets
2.What can we learn about SmartTech's product?
A.It is financially supported by FAO.
B.It is intended to replace refrigeration.
C.It is designed to thicken produce's skin.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.It is based on plants' own defence system.
3.What does James Rogers expect?
A.To profit farmers.
B.To earn more money.
C.To produce more food.
D.To expand grocery chains.
4.The main purpose of the passage is to .
A.prove a theory
B.promote a product
C.introduce a company
D.present a technology
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介绍了
SmartTech公司产出的一项新技术,这项技术能使农产品保存得更好,从而为农民谋利。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Obadiah Kisaingu, a farmer in Masii,
estimates 40 % o f th e villag e ' s mang o cro p i s los t t o spoilag e. But a simple
coating could change that. A company, SmartTech, has created a produc t tha t
double s th e shel f lif e o f fres h produce , enablin g farmer s lik e Kisaing u t o
acces s far-off , large r market s.可知,农作物易腐烂,作者提到肯尼亚的小农场主是
为了强调他们保存农产品的需求。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Fortunately, researchers have found when
plants made the jump from water to land hundreds of millions of years ago,
they developed cutin, a barrie r whic h i s mad e o f fatt y acid s tha t lin k
togethe r t o for m a sea l aroun d th e plant , helpin g kee p wate r i n.可
知,SmartTech的产品建立在植物本身的防御系统的基础之上。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“SmartTech has huge potential to tur n
poo r farmer s i n Afric a int o commercia l farmer s,” says Rogers. “That means
mor e mone y i n pocket s, and more food in stomachs.”可知,詹姆斯·罗杰斯希望
通过SmartTech公司为农民谋利。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.D 主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了SmartTech公司产出的一项新技术,这项技术能使农
产品保存得更好,从而为农民谋利。
Passage 19
词数 479
The philosopher, Martin Buber, is most known for his work on
“I-Thou/You” relationships in which people are open, direct, mutually
interested in each other. In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those in
which we use the other, like an object, to solve our problems and fulfill
our needs and purposes.
It is not our fault that many of our relationships are or become “It”
relationships because most of what we feel, think and do is motivated by
unconscious memories of how to survive the environment into which we were
born. Thus, one of the reasons we use other people to help us feel better
about ourselves and cope in the world is that using people was once
necessary and it worked. When we were small and helpless, “It” came and
fed us, and held us, and set us on our way. We didn't have to reciprocate
and care for “It”. Even when the care and attention of “It” was minimal
or unpredictable, if we got out of childhood alive, somewhere along the way
“It” was involved.
Freud called this stage of early life “primary narcissism”, which is
our instinct (本能) for self-preservation and is a normal part of our
development. While most of us grow out of it, we still hold a survival
fear, which motivates us to escape danger and to stay alive, and we all
need this fear in healthy measure.
The problem is that too many of us, too much of the time, are in a
constant state of threat—and we often don't know it. We imagine people are
talking about us behind our backs, that we have cancer, that we are
inadequate, and vulnerable to more than our share of bad luck. As our
brains have grown in size and complexity, so has our ability to scare
ourselves.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
This causes many problems. For example, our stress levels increase, our
digestion is impaired and our thinking becomes restricted. Our threat
response stops any bodily function, feeling, thought and behavior that
might “waste” energy and detract from fighting or escaping danger. Thus,
when in threat, our emotional, cognitive and behavioral range is
significantly reduced.
And in this reduced state, one of our solutions is to find someone who
can save and comfort us. Instead of enabling us to be open, direct and
mutual, fear and anxiety lead us towards conversations and choices in our
relations with others that are orientated towards surviving—not thriving
(茁壮成长). Threat-motivated relationships are characterized by need,
dependency, control, demand, dishonesty, and self-interest.
We cannot form the “I-Thou” relationships that Buber speaks of until
we have learned to notice, comfort, and understand the emotions and
patterns of our threat brain. When in threat, we tend to use other people
as objects who can save and protect us, or who we can blame for our
problems.
1.What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 2 probably
mean?
A.Return the favor.
B.Ask for some advice.
C.Convey an apology.
D.Make some comments.
2.What can we learn about “primary narcissism”?
A.It leads to our survival fear.
B.It is normal and usually temporary.
C.It impacts our growth negatively.
D.It lays the foundation for Freud's theory.
3.Which of the following could be an example of “I-It” relationships?
A.Comforting an upset friend.
B.Feeling sorry for your mistakes.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.Trying hard to be independent.
D.Asking others to take on your task.
4.What would be the best title for this passage?
A.How We Can Form The “I-Thou” Relationships
B.How We Can Get Out Of The “I-It” Relationships
C.Why We Treat Others As Objects Rather Than Individuals
D.What Helps Us Survive And Thrive In Early Stages Of Life
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为良好的人际关系与社会交往。
文章提出了把别人当成物品对待的“我—它”关系,解释了其背后的原因和可能带来的
问题。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的and可知画线词的意思和care for一致(我们不必
和关心“它”),根据后文Even when th e car e an d attentio n o f “ I t ” wa s
minima l o r unpredictabl e...(甚至当对“它”的关心和关注微乎其微或难以预测
时……)中的Even可知, 这句话比前句中要表达的意思递进一个层次,由此可以判断此
处要表达的意思是我们不必 “做出回报(return the favor)”。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Freud called this stage of early life
“primary narcissism”, which is our instinct (本能) for self-preservation
and is a norma l par t o f ou r developmen t.和第二句中的While most of us grow
out of it可知,“本源性自恋”是正常的,而且通常是暂时的。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句In contrast, “I-It” relationships are
those in which w e us e th e othe r, like an object, t o solv e ou r problem s an d
fulfil l ou r need s an d purpose s.(相反,“我—它”关系是那些我们像对待物品一样
利用对方来解决我们的问题、满足我们的需求和目的的关系。)可推知,D项(要求别人来
承担你的任务)与其匹配。
4.C 主旨要义题。文章通过“我—它”关系解释了为什么我们把别人当作物品而不是
人。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
长难句 In contrast, “I-It” relationships are those i n whic h we use the
other, lik e a n objec t, to solve our problems and fulfill our needs and
purposes.相反,“我—它”关系是那些我们像对待物品一样利用对方来解决我们的问
题、满足我们的需求和目的的关系。
这是一个主从复合句。in which引导定语从句,修饰先行词those,关系词在从句中作介
词in的宾语;like an object为插入语。
Passage 20
词数 460
Humans' overconsumption of resources is a leading contributor to global
climate change, says University of Arizona researcher Sabrina Helm.
Therefore, it's increasingly important to understand the choices consumers
make and how those decisions affect the health of a planet with limited
resources. In a new study, published in the journal Young Consumers, Helm
and her colleagues explore how materialistic values influence pro-
environmental behaviors in millennials, who are now the nation's most
influential group of consumers.
The researchers focused on two main categories of pro-environmental
behaviors:reduced consumption, which includes actions like repairing
instead of replacing older items, and green buying, or purchasing products
designed to limit environmental impacts. The researchers also looked at how
engaging in pro-environmental behaviors affects consumer well-being.
More materialistic participants, the researchers found, were unlikely
to engage in reduced consumption. However, materialism did not seem to have
an effect on their likelihood of practicing green buying. That's probably
because green buying, unlike reduced consumption, still offers a way for
materialists to fulfill their desire to get new items, Helm said.
Study participants who reported having fewer materialistic values were
much more likely to engage in reduced consumption. Consuming less was, in
turn, linked to higher personal well-being and lower psychological
suffering. Green buying—which may have some positive environmental北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
effects, although to a smaller degree than reduced consumption—was not
found to improve consumer well-being, Helm said.
The take-home message for consumers:“The key is to reduce consumption
and not just buy green stuff. Having less and buying less can actually make
us more satisfied and happier,” Helm said. “If you have a lot of stuff,
you have a lot on your mind,” she said. “For example, it requires
maintenance and there's a lot of burdens of ownership, and if you relieve
yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot
better and freer.”
Helm and her colleagues additionally looked at how materialism affects
millennial consumers' proactive financial behaviors, such as budgeting and
saving. “Examining financial behaviors alongside pro-environmental
behaviors provides a picture of how young adults proactively deal with
resource limitations in two contexts:environmental and financial,” Helm
said.
As expected, Helm and her colleagues found that those who reported
having more materialistic values engaged in fewer proactive financial
behaviors than their less materialistic counterparts (对应的人). The
researchers also found that, consistent with previous studies, proactive
financial behaviors were associated with better personal well-being, life
satisfaction and financial satisfaction, as well as lower psychological
suffering.
Understanding how materialistic values impact consumer behaviors, and
how those behaviors in turn affect personal and environmental well-being,
is important, Helm said. However, she acknowledges that for many consumers,
shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume less will
be challenging.
1.What do we know about pro-environmental behaviors?
A.They are a cause of climate change.
B.They lead to a more satisfying life.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.They vary in different age groups.
D.They are affected by materialism.
2.It can be learned from Helm's study that .
A.ownership of green products brings a sense of happiness
B.materialists prefer practicing green buying to buying less
C.green buying helps control people's desire to buy new items
D.buying less and green buying have similar effects on people
3.According to the study, which of the following can improve one's well-
being?
A.Replacing older items.
B.Developing new resources.
C.Buying greener products.
D.Being careful with expenses.
4.What is Helm probably going to explain in the next paragraph?
A.When people develop proactive financial behaviors.
B.Which financial behaviors lead to mental well-being.
C.Why it is hard to change people's financial behaviors.
D.How materialistic values influence financial behaviors.
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人类生存与环境的关系。文章
阐述了物质主义价值观对环保行为的影响以及与个体幸福感之间的关系。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句In a new study, published in the journal
Young Consumers, Helm and her colleagues explore ho w materialisti c value s
influenc e pro-environmenta l behavior s in millennials, who are now the
nation's most influential group of consumers.可知,物质主义价值观对环保行为
产生了影响。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句More materialistic participants, the
researchers found, wer e unlikel y t o engag e i n reduce d consumptio n. However,
materialism did not seem to have an effect on thei r likelihoo d o f
practicin g gree n buying .可知,物质主义者不太可能减少消费,但他们愿意“绿色购
买”。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句Consuming less was, in turn, linked to
higher personal well-being and lower psychological suffering.可知,不崇尚物
质、消费少的个体幸福感更高。
4.C 推理判断题。最后一段最后一句However, she acknowledges that for many
consumers, shifting behaviors to be more financially proactive and consume
less will be challenging.提到改变消费行为很难,由此可推知,Helm在下一段中会解
释这一观点的原因,即为什么转变人的财务行为很难。
长难句 In a new study, published in the journal Young Consumers, Helm and
her colleagues explore how materialistic values influence pro-environmental
behaviors in millennials, who are now the nation's most influential group
of consumers.发表在《年轻消费者》杂志上的一项新研究中,Helm和她的同事探讨了物
质主义价值观如何影响千禧一代的环保行为,这一代人现在是美国最具影响力的消费者
群体。
这是一个主从复合句。how引导宾语从句,作explore的宾语;从句中who引导非限制性
定语从句,修饰先行词millennials,关系词在从句中作主语。
Passage 21
词数 459
What does it mean to live a good life? This question has been debated
for centuries. In the field of psychology, two main concepts of the good
life have been quite popular:A happy life full of pleasure and positive
emotions, and a meaningful life full of purpose and sacrifice. But what if
these aren't the only options?
In recent years, a long-neglected version of the good life has been
receiving greater attention:the psychologically rich life. It is full of
complex mental engagement, a wide range of intense and deep emotions, and
diverse, novel, surprising and interesting experiences. Sometimes they are
neither pleasant nor meaningful. However, they are rarely boring or
monotonous.
After all, both happy and meaningful lives can become monotonous and
repetitive. A person with a steady office job, married with children, may
be satisfied and find his or her life meaningful and still be bored. Also,北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
the psychologically rich life doesn't necessarily involve economic
richness. For instance, consider Hesse's character Goldmund, who has no
money but pursues the life of a free spirit.
Research has found psychological richness is related to, but partially
distinct from, both happy and meaningful lives. Psychological richness is
related with openness to experience and experiencing both positive and
negative emotions more intensely. But is the psychologically rich life one
that people actually want?
In a new study, Oishi and his colleagues asked people in nine countries
the degree to which they value a psychologically rich life, a happy life
and a meaningful life. They found many people's self-described ideal lives
involve psychological richness. When forced to choose a life, however, the
majority chose a happy life and a meaningful life. Even so, a minority of
people still favored the psychologically rich life, ranging from 6.7% in
Singapore to 16.8% in Germany.
These numbers went up when the desire for a psychologically rich life
was measured indirectly. To understand what a person wishes their lives
might have been, it is important to explore what people wish they had
avoided in their lives. When asked what they regret most and whether
undoing this event would have made their lives happier, more meaningful or
psychologically richer, about 28% of Americans said undoing the regrettable
event would have made their lives psychologically richer.
These findings suggest that while most people strive to be happy and
have meaning in their lives, a sizable number of people are content merely
living a psychologically rich existence.
As Oishi and his colleagues conclude, “We believe that taking the
psychologically rich life seriously will deepen and enrich our
understanding of well-being.” At the end of the day, there is no one
singularly acceptable path to the good life. You have to find a path that
works best for you.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.According to the passage, the psychologically rich life .
A.means living a luxurious life
B.involves various intense emotions
C.combines pleasure with purpose
D.emphasizes openness and repetition
2.What does Oishi's research indicate?
A.The Germans prefer psychological richness to a happy life.
B.Undoing regrettable events has enriched many people's lives.
C.A hidden desire for psychological richness exists among some people.
D.People with psychological richness tend to describe their lives as ideal.
3.We can learn from the passage that .
A.purpose outweighs pleasure in terms of significance
B.the choice of a good life differs from person to person
C.a positive mindset helps us understand our well-being
D.we should never be content and always strive for the best
4.What is the main purpose of the article?
A.To compare different concepts of a good life.
B.To explain how to live a psychologically rich life.
C.To persuade people to attain psychological richness.
D.To draw attention to a less familiar version of a good life.
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为积极的生活态度。人们通常将
美好的生活定义为充满愉悦和积极情绪的快乐生活,或是充满毅力和牺牲的有意义的生
活,但其实心理丰富的生活也是美好的生活。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句It is full of complex mental engagement, a
wide range of intense and deep emotions, and diverse, novel, surprising and
interesting experiences.可知,心理丰富的生活包含了各种强烈的情感。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句They found many people's self-described
ideal lives involve psychological richness.以及第七段These findings suggest
that while most people strive to be happy and have meaning in their lives,
a sizabl e numbe r o f peopl e ar e conten t merel y livin g a psychologicall y ric h北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
existence.可知,Oishi的调查显示,有相当一部分人隐藏着一种对心理丰富的生活的渴
望。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句When forced to choose a life, however,
th e majorit y chos e a happ y lif e an d a meaningfu l lif e. Even so, a minorit y
o f peopl e stil l favore d th e psychologicall y ric h lif e, ranging from 6.7% in
Singapore to 16.8% in Germany.可推知,对于好的生活的选择是因人而异的。
4.D 主旨要义题。第一段提出关于美好生活的两个主要概念一直很流行:一个是充满愉
悦和积极情绪的快乐生活,一个是充满毅力和牺牲的有意义的生活。但随后马上提出问
题But what if these aren't the only options?由此引出了一种与传统概念不相同
的生活——心理丰富的生活,所以这篇文章的主要目的是让人们注意到这种不太熟悉的
美好生活。
Passage 22
词数 413
Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable
theories related to baby talk. One states that a young child's brain needs
time to master language. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary
level is the key factor. According to this theory, some key steps have to
occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs.
In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two
theories, found a clever way to test them. More than 20,000 internationally
adopted children enter the U.S. each year. Many of them no longer hear
their birth language after they arrive, and they must learn English more or
less the same way infants(婴儿) do. International adoptees don't take
classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their new tongue. All of
these factors make them an ideal population in which researchers could test
these competing theories about how language is learned.
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied
the language development of 27 children adopted from India between the ages
of two and five years. These children began learning English at an older
age than US natives and had more mature brains. Even so, just as American-
born infants, their first English sentences consisted of single words. The北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born
children, though at a faster clip. The adoptees and native children started
combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,
further suggesting that what matters is not how old you are or how mature
your brain is, but the number of words you know.
This finding—that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees
avoid the baby talk stage—suggests that babies speak in baby talk not
because they have baby brains, but because they have only just started
learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary. Before long, the one-word
stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat
like an adult is a gradual process.
But this finding also raises an even older and more difficult question.
Adult immigrants who learn a second language rarely achieve the same
proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised as a native
speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a “critical period” for
language development, after which it cannot proceed with full success to
fluency. Yet we still do not understand this critical period or know why it
ends.
1.What is the writer's main purpose in Paragraph 2?
A.To argue that culture affects the way children learn a language.
B.To give reasons why adopted children were used in the study.
C.To reject the view that adopted children need two languages.
D.To justify a particular approach to language learning.
2.What does the Harvard finding show?
A.Language learning takes place in ordered steps.
B.Some children need more conversation than others.
C.Children with more mature brains skip the baby talk stage.
D.Vocabulary makes little difference to sentence formation.
3.When the writer says “critical period”, he means a period when .
A.children start to learn a second language
B.immigrants want to learn another language北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.adults need to be taught by native speakers
D.language learners may achieve native-like fluency
4.What does this passage mainly talk about?
A.What is baby talk.
B.Why babies learn a second language easily.
C.What affects children's language development.
D.How children expand their vocabulary gradually.
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科学研究。文章介绍了影响婴
儿语言发展的因素。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句 Al l o f thes e factor s mak e the m a n idea l
population in which researchers could test these competing theories about
how language is learned.可推知,第二段的目的是说明为什么选择领养儿童作为研究
对象。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第四段This finding—that having more mature brains did
not help the adoptees avoid the baby talk stage—suggests that babies speak
in baby talk not because they have baby brains, but becaus e the y hav e onl y
jus t starte d learnin g an d nee d tim e t o gai n enoug h vocabular y. Before long,
the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learnin g
ho w t o cha t lik e a n adul t i s a gradua l process .可推知,哈佛的研究表明了语言
学习是按照有序的步骤进行的。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句Researchers have long suspected
there is a “critical period” for language development, after which it
cannot proceed with full success to fluency.可推知,“关键时期”是指语言学习
者(的语言水平)可以达到像母语一样的流利的时期。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据第一段前三句Over the past half-century, scientists
have settled on two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states
that a young child's brain needs time to master language. The second theory
states that a child's vocabulary level is the key factor.可知,本文主要介绍
了影响婴儿语言发展的因素。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Passage 23
词数 472
On August 28th, at a presentation over the Internet, Mr. Musk showed
off the progress of his firm, Neuralink. The highlight was the appearance
of Gertrude, a pig with a chip implanted (植入) into her brain.
Reading the brain's electrical signals, a technique called
electroencephalography (EEG), started over 100 years ago and is now
routine. It generally involves placing non-invasive electrodes (非侵入式电
极) on the scalp (头皮), though it sometimes requires the invasive
insertion of wires into the scalp or the brain. Non-invasive EEG provides
useful information, and can even be used to do things like playing computer
games. Invasive EEG offers more accurate readings from the nerve cells in
the brain, though at greater risk because of the surgery involved. The
device Gertrude carries, known technically as a brain-computer interface
(接口), carries invasiveness one stage further by making the EEG recorder a
potentially permanent implant.
Along with this improved interface, Neuralink has built a robot that
will implant it. To do so, the robot first takes a high-resolution scan of
the recipient's brain. Using this, it is able to sew the electrode threads
into place with a precision that avoids any blood tubes in the area, which
reduces the risk of damage during surgery. The robot can put the interface
in place in less than an hour. General anesthesia (麻醉) is not needed for
the procedure.
One challenge the firm wants to tackle is sending electrical signals
into the brain. Mr. Musk says this will require a range of inputs including
delicate stimulation and large amounts of currents. The point of doing so
will be to establish two-way communication. This could allow entirely new
areas of treatment to be explored. Besides epilepsy (癫痫) prevention, such
brain stimulation might also work to treat depression. More importantly in
the long run, it is also essential to Musk's vision of widespread
engagement between people and machines. This, he hopes, will result in a北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
future where memories can be downloaded and stored elsewhere, and humans
can form a relationship with AI that is mutually dependent and beneficial.
Not everyone is impressed. Critics worry that Neuralink is too
secretive, and that Mr. Musk's vision promises more than he can deliver. He
does, though, have a record of doing what he says he is going to, despite
the fact that sometimes not as rapidly as he says he will. He more or less
single-handedly introduced battery-electric cars to the market and he built
a successful space-rocket business out of nothing. Brains are a lot more
complicated than cars, and even than rocket science. But do not bet against
the coming into being at some point of the Musk vision of brains and
computers working together directly.
1.What can we learn about EEG?
A.EEG requires the insertion of electrodes.
B.Non-invasive EEG is superior in safety and speed.
C.Invasive EEG functions better in reading nerve cells.
D.EEG can be updated by using the brain-computer interface.
2.In Paragraph 3, the author describes the implantation to show .
A.the advantages of using the robot
B.the simplicity of the procedure
C.the improvement of the interface
D.the possible risks of the surgery
3.According to the text, .
A.Musk achieves more in brain study than in rocket science
B.brain stimulation is crucial for people-machine interaction
C.new methods of treatment have been researched and created
D.the firm has difficulty finding the right kind of input for brains
4.What's the author's attitude towards Musk's vision?
A.Positive. B.Negative.
C.Doubtful. D.Neutral.
答案北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
语篇解读 本文的主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章主要介绍了马
斯克的公司正在利用脑电图(EEG)技术向大脑发送电子信号,他希望人类可以与人工智
能建立一种相互依赖和有益的关系。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 Invasiv e EE G offer s mor e accurat e reading s
fro m th e nerv e cell s in the brain, though at greater risk because of the
surgery involved.可知,侵入性脑电图(EEG)在读取神经细胞时功能更好,故选C。
2.A 推理判断题。从第三段最后三句Using this, it is able to se w th e
electrod e thread s int o plac e wit h a precisio n that avoids any blood tubes
in the area, which reduce s th e ris k o f damag e during surgery. The robot can
put the interface in place in les s tha n a n hou r. Genera l anesthesi a ( 麻醉 )
i s no t neede d for the procedure.中可以看出使用机器人的好处(精确地将电极线缝
合到位、降低手术风险、时间短、不需要全身麻醉)。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第五句和第六句Besides epilepsy(癫痫) prevention,
such brain stimulation might also work to treat depression. More
importantly in the long run, it is also essential to Musk's vision of
widespread engagement between people and machines.(除了预防癫痫,这种脑刺激
也可以治疗抑郁症。从长远来看,更重要的是,这也是马斯克的人与机器之间广泛接触的
愿景所必不可少的。)可知,脑刺激对人机交互至关重要。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句He more or less single-handedly
introduced battery-electric cars to the market and he built a successful
space-rocket business out of nothing. Brains are a lot more complicated
than cars, and even than rocket science. But do not bet against the coming
into being at some point of the Musk vision of brains and computers working
together directly.(他或多或少是单枪匹马地将纯电动汽车推入市场,白手起家建立
了一个成功的航天火箭企业。大脑比汽车复杂得多,甚至比火箭科学复杂得多。但不要打
赌去反对马斯克的对于人脑和计算机直接协同合作的愿景会在某个时刻出现。)可以看
出,作者对马斯克的评价是积极的。
题组二
Passage 1
词数 423北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Albert Einstein's 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General
Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the
subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn't
be publishable in a scientific journal today.
Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of
correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper
was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in
theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the
newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do
believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was
the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people
read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or
other, certainly more than 12.”
No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical
discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known
mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous
today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous
scientists' work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a
paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of
the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories
or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything
involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space,
involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize
of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year
history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive,
amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
own. Today, polished work coming out of internships (实习) at established
laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the
explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and the system make it
easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But
there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping
through red tape (繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every
turn.
Of course, Einstein would have found his way of meeting modern
standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn't have
changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read.
1.According to Richard Feynman, Einstein's 1915 paper .
A.was a classic in theoretical physics
B.turned out to be comprehensible
C.needed further improvement
D.attracted few professionals
2.What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Unrealistic.
B.Irrelevant.
C.Unattractive.
D.Imprecise.
3.According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops?
A.The application of research findings.
B.The principle of scientific research.
C.The selection of young talents.
D.The evaluation of laboratories.
4.Which would be the best title for this passage?
A.What makes Einstein great?
B.Will science be professionalized?
C.Could Einstein get published today?
D.How will modern science make advances?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科学精神。文章介绍了爱因斯
坦的《广义相对论的基础》读起来不一样的地方以及它若是在现在可能不会被发表的原
因。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中Richard Feynman所写的内容There was a time when
the newspapers said that onl y 1 2 me n understoo d th e theor y o f relativit y. I
do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he
was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. Bu t afte r peopl e
rea d th e pape r a lo t understoo d th e theor y o f relativit y i n som e wa y o r
other , certainl y mor e tha n 12 .(……对相对论有了一定理解的人肯定不止12个)可
知,爱因斯坦1915年的论文是可以理解的。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线词所在句的前面的It starts with a leisurely
philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an
exposition of known mathematics.(它以慢悠悠的对空间和时间的哲学讨论开启,然
后继续用已知的数学进行阐述。)以及后面的Worse, there are zero citations of
previous scientists' work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might
make a paper not even get past the first editors.(更糟糕的是,以前科学家的工
作没有被引用,也没有任何图表。这些特性可能会使一篇论文甚至无法通过第一任编
辑。)可知,爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的。由此可推知,画线词所在句指他在论
文中用了一半篇幅对哲学和数学两部分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要的
(irrelevant)。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句A lot of unproductive effort goes
into jumping through red tape(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers
at every turn.(许多徒劳无益的努力都花在了繁文缛节上,也让新人面临着各处的准
入障碍。)可知,作者认为现代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。
4.C 主旨要义题。第一段最后一句提出:But it probably wouldn't be publishable
in a scientific journal today.(但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。)。全文都
在围绕着这个问题进行论述。
Passage 2
词数 481北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Lessons in the Lost Art of Listening
When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last
time someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to
be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare.
Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls
interrupting them, preferring texts or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and
colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening.
You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to
achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of
modern life also stops us from listening.
Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It
also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while
they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to
you. It's not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds
forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you
respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another
person's thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.
Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic,
not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn't you
agree...?” or “Don't you think...?” These questions have strong
tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or
her view. And you'd better stay away from some personal questions like
“What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?”
Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw
or for the story behind a piece of jewelry they're wearing. Also good are
expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you
go?” Research indicates that when people who don't know each other well
ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they
spend time together achieving a task.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be
careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening.
Smart people's attention is easily taken away by their own runaway
thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is
going to say.
The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting
conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more
information from speakers, even when they don't ask any questions. We are,
each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle voice of a
mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And
to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of
the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.
1.One of the factors that influence listening is that .
A.our confidence in listening is decreasing
B.our speech creates a lot of noise around us
C.listening skills are seldom taught in school
D.texting causes a better effect than phone calls
2.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A.Why the art of listening gets lost by itself.
B.Why effective methods are used in listening.
C.How people make themselves well understood.
D.How people can reclaim the lost art of listening.
3.According to the author, what should people do when they are listening?
A.Avoid being absent-minded.
B.Come up with curious questions.
C.Focus on the speaker's personal information.
D.Try to find common interests with the speaker.
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Listening and speaking deserve equal attention.
B.Good listeners maximize the benefits for themselves.
C.Bad listening ultimately contributes to people's failure.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.Listeners' clear mind facilitates speakers' expression of thoughts.
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是良好的人际关系与社会交往。
文章强调了倾听的重要性,提出了影响倾听的因素以及一个好的倾听者应该做什么。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer
classes or activities that teach careful listening.可知,倾听的技巧很少在学
校里被教授。
2.D 主旨要义题。根据第三段第二句It also involves paying attention to how
they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and
how what they say is related to you.(它还包括关注他们是如何说的、他们在说的
时候做了什么、在什么样的语境下以及他们说的话是如何与你有关系的。)可知,本段主
要阐述了如何倾听,即倾听的艺术。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句They engage in exploring the topic, no t t o
diver t attentio n.可知,A项(避免心不在焉)符合题意。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Researchers have found that attentiv e
listener s receiv e mor e informatio n from speakers, even when they don't ask
any questions.以及最后一段最后一句And to listen poorly, selectively or not
at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from
becoming the best you can be.可知,好的倾听者能最大限度地为自己带来好处。
Passage 3
词数 467
Bright Nights, Big Problems
Astronomers rate the darkness of our skies on a range of 9 (brightest)
to 1 (darkest), and most of us spend our lives in the light of levels 5 to
8. All over the globe our nights are growing brighter, and almost nowhere
are they growing darker. Studies increasingly link our overuse of light at
night with health concerns such as sleep disorders and diseases. Other
studies report the damaging ecological consequences and the big waste of
energy. But the steady loss of darkness from our lives is not easily
measured, for the true value of darkness is something we are barely aware
of.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common
human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to
face with the universe. This experience influenced their beliefs—their
very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live
under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing
much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the
absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We
are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don't
even know what we are missing.
Our Milky Way galaxy (星系) is home to several hundred billion stars,
and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with
a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to
imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless
size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we
really are. But we also realize the true largeness of our living on this
planet, and realize that we have an enormous responsibility to care, that
there is no other place to go, that home is here.
“Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American
naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is
no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their city's
atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with
night's moonlit geography, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its
insect symphonies interrupted by a bird's call on a lake, natural darkness
has many offerings of its own.
Yet we are completely involved in artificial light. Much of this
lighting is wholly unnecessary, born of habit and lack of awareness. So let
us become aware:simply by keeping our existing lights we could
significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our
soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our
lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.The author suggests that because of light pollution we .
A.tend to come face to face with the universe
B.need a lot of imagination to understand the universe
C.are considerably less creative than our ancient ancestors were
D.experience the world in a different way to previous generations
2.What does the author think about humans in Paragraph 3?
A.We have an overconfident belief in our own value.
B.We behave as if nothing exists apart from ourselves.
C.We ignore the requirement of looking after our planet.
D.We avoid thinking too deeply about our role on Earth.
3.Why does the author include references to rain, fires and wildlife?
A.To illustrate the boring life at night without artificial light.
B.To explain why people think lighting is necessary at night.
C.To provide an example of the attractive qualities of night-time.
D.To highlight the differences between urban and natural environments.
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author is .
A.clear about the reasons why artificial light is essential
B.dissatisfied with people's lack of interest in artificial light
C.willing to draw comparisons between artificial light and darkness
D.hopeful that people will become aware of the negative impact of lights
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容是地球与宇宙奥秘探索。地球现
在的夜晚越来越亮,这对地球生态造成了破坏,人们没有意识到夜晚真正的价值。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容Since the beginning of time, a sky with
stars was part of the common human experience...This experience influenced
their beliefs—their very understanding of their place in the world. Today,
many of us live under skies which are polluted by light...Although our
night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe around
us that influences our beliefs to create...可知,作者认为光污染使我们体验世
界的方式与前几代人不一样。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句A sky with a large number of stars
encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the
center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe,
w e hav e th e chanc e t o kno w ho w insignifican t w e reall y ar e.可知,作者认为人
类对自己的价值过于自信。
3.C 推理判断题。作者在文章开头就提出我们没有意识到夜晚真正的价值(the true
value of darkness),因此作者提到这些内容的目的是举例说明夜晚迷人的魅力。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句Artificial light at night is a wonder,
a quality that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of
darkness, and can be again.可推知,作者愿意将人造光与黑暗进行比较。
Passage 4
词数 365
Humans have a habit of delaying their own progress. From coffee to
refrigerators to genetically changed food, history is filled with
innovations that caused resistance before they become necessity in everyday
life. Calestous Juma, a professor of Harvard University, explores this
phenomenon in his latest book, Innovation and Its Enemies:Why People Resist
New Technologies.
Among Juma's claims is that people do not fear innovation simply
because the technology is new, but because innovation often means losing a
piece of their identity or lifestyle, and separating people from nature or
their sense of purpose.
Juma identified in his research three key sources of opposition to
innovation:those with commercial interests in existing products, those who
identify with existing products, and those who might lose power as a result
of change. The first group is perhaps the most obvious. Many industries
have been affected by innovation. Just take a look at the pointless efforts
of music publishers to stop the change to digital music. Some consumers
might oppose an innovation because the existing product is deeply rooted in
their identity, culture or customs. The British preferred teatime at home
to sitting in a coffee shop, for example. Finally, the rise of new北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
technologies can also result in a change redistributing wealth and
influence away from some groups, and toward others. The expansion of
harvesters and other mechanical equipment reduced the need for farm labor,
and the change in population away from rural areas had significant
political consequence.
Humans make decisions about new innovations with their instinct (直觉)
rather than evidence. Opponents and enthusiasts of a new technology will
often make shocking claims to support their arguments. Juma said beneath
those arguments was typically obvious concern about new technologies,
rather than a reasoned response. Juma said, “People see a new product and
there is an emotional reaction to that product because it challenges their
outlook on the world. This has been the story with almost every new
product.”
Historically, technologists have been more concerned with the
functionality of the products they create, paying less attention to the
consequence it may have on society at large, Juma claims. Fortunately, that
may be starting to change.
1.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, what is the key reason why people resist
innovation?
A.The reliability of the existing technologies.
B.The difficulties of mastering new technologies.
C.The concern over the development of technologies.
D.The fear for the changes caused by new technologies.
2.What is the author's attitude to people's opposition to innovation?
A.Uncertain.
B.Disapproving.
C.Supportive.
D.Neutral.
3.What does the passage imply?
A.Technologies' effect on society should be valued.
B.The use of new products reduces the need for labor.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.Enthusiasts of the technologies are more reasonable.
D.The functionality of new products causes more worries.
答案
语篇解读 本文的主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科技发展。哈佛大学教授
Calestous Juma在他的新书中分析一些人们抵制创新的原因,在这些争论的背后,通常
是对新技术的担忧,而不是理性的回应。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段Among Juma's claims is that people do not fear
innovation simply because the technology is new, but because innovation
often means losing a piece of their identity or lifestyle, and separating
people from nature or their sense of purpose.及第三段中的Juma identified in
his research three key sources of opposition to innovation:those with
commercial interests in existing products, those who identify with existing
products, and those who might lose power as a result of change.可知,人们抵
制创新的关键原因是对新技术带来的变化有所担忧。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句和第二句Humans have a habit of delaying
their own progress. From coffee to refrigerators to genetically changed
food, history is filled with innovations that caused resistance before they
become necessity in everyday life.及第四段第一句Humans make decisions about
new innovations with their instinct (直觉) rather than evidence.可推知,作者
对于人们反对创新、阻碍创新,持有不赞成的态度。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段Historically, technologists have been more
concerned with the functionality of the products they create, paying less
attention to the consequence it may have on society at large, Juma claims.
Fortunately, that may be starting to change.可推知,作者在这篇文章中暗示了应
该更加关注和重视技术对社会造成的影响。
Passage 5
CVCC's High School Program
Career-technical programs at Cuyahoga Valley Career Center allow
students flexible career paths with advanced academics to prepare them for
college and the workforce.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Electrical Systems
Each student is provided with trade-related classroom training that
produces competency and pride that lead to true craftsmanship. Learn how to
use many of the latest tools and technologies with hands-on training in our
fully equipped lab.The program's diversified coursework gives students a
strong foundation in installation and repair of electrical systems, in
addition to receiving skill training, working and earning a paycheck on the
job.
Engineering Technology
You'll learn engineering concepts and technology such as applied logic,
digital electronics,computer-aided design, robotics and computer-integrated
manufacturing.The project-based approach lets you apply your skill to real
situations.In practice, you'll pick your own real-world problems to solve
and graduate ready for a college engineering program.
Sports Medicine Exercise Science
This science-based program combines lectures, hands-on labs and
critical thinking activities with all of the latest fitness technology.
Students have the unique opportunity to learn in exercise and sports
environments alongside exercise and sports professionals using advanced
medical techniques to prevent and heal injuries. Upon completion of the
program, students may earn college credits at various Ohio universities.
Applicants must have a minimum 3.0 GPA and“C” or better in Biology.
Education Professions
Education Professions introduces college-minded students to the field
of education.This foundational course benefits all education majors
regardless of specialties. Observation and field experiences provide the
first-hand experience you need to decide if a career in education is for
you. Admission is with high school counselor (顾问) recommendations only.
1.Which program offers students pay?
A.Electrical Systems.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.Engineering Technology.
C.Sports Medicine Exercise Science.
D.Education Professions.
2.What is special about Sports Medicine Exercise Science?
A.It is targeted at college students in Ohio.
B.It is aimed at training professional athletes.
C.It only admits applicants with recommendations.
D.It has academic requirements for applicants.
3.What can we infer about the programs mentioned in the text?
A.They are science-related.
B.They are technology-centered.
C.They stress practical training.
D.They guarantee admission to college.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为职业规划。本文介绍了
凯霍加谷就业指导中心给高中生提供的职业培训项目。
1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:哪个项目付给学生工资?根据“Electrical
Systems”中最后一句“The program's diversified coursework..., in addition
to receiving skill training, working and earnin g a paychec k o n th e job .”可
知答案为A项。
2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:Sports Medicine Exercise Science有什么特别之
处?根据“Sports Medicine Exercise Science”中的“Applicants must have a
minimum 3.0 GPA and‘C’or better in Biology.”(申请者各科成绩平均积分点必
须至少为3.0,生物成绩为“C”或更好)可知对申请Sports Medicine Exercise
Science的学生有学业成绩要求,故答案为D项。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文中提到的这几个项目中我们可以推断出什么?根
据Electrical Systems中的“Learn how to use many of the latest tools and
technologies with hands-o n trainin g in our fully equipped lab.”(在我们设备
齐全的实验室学习如何使用许多最新的工具和技术,并进行实践培训),Engineering
Technology中的“The project-based approach let s yo u appl y you r skil l t o北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
rea l situations .”(针对这个项目而指定的方法可以使你把你的技能应用到实际情况
中),Sports Medicine Exercise Science中的“Students have the unique
opportunity t o lear n i n exercis e an d sport s environments.. .”(学生们有独特
的机会在运动和体育环境中学习……)及Education Professions中的“ Observatio n
an d fiel d experience s provide the first-hand experience you need”(观察和实
地体验提供了你所需要的第一手经验)可推断出这些培训项目都注重实际操作训练,故
答案为C项。
Passage 6
Now we are in a “golden age” of space-sample collection and
exploration. Space agencies around the world are busy collecting, or
planning to collect, samples from asteroids(小行星), moons and planets and
so on.
China's Chang'e-5 mission is the most recent sample-return mission that
has been successfully completed. On Dec. 17, 2020, the Chang'e-5 lunar
probe (探测器) returned home and landed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous
Region after weeks of space travel, China Daily reported. This was the
world's first lunar sample-return mission since 1976.The mission collected
1,713 grams of samples of rocks and dust with the help of a drill and a
mechanical (机械的) arm.
Another space sample-return mission was completed on Dec. 6, 2020.
Japan's Hayabusa-2 probe returned a capsule to Earth containing valuable
samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This was the second time asteroid samples
had ever been collected and brought back to Earth. The first asteroid
samples were collected by the original Hayabusa spacecraft back in 2010.
There will be more such missions in the near future. NASA's OSIRIS-REx
spacecraft, which collected samples from the asteroid Bennu in October
2020, is expected to return to Earth in 2023.Russia's Lunar-25 mission is
scheduled to launch to the moon in 2021 to collect lunar samples.
“I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for
increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
system and our place in the universe, and how we came to be,”said Ann
Nguyen, a NASA planetary scientist.
As for the Chang'e-5 lunar samples, scientists will conduct various
analyses, tests and experiments to determine the composition, structure and
physical characteristics of the samples. This information will help to
deepen our knowledge about the history of the moon, as well as our solar
system as a whole.
1.What do we know about the Chang'e-5 lunar probe?
A.It was launched on Dec. 17, 2020.
B.It completed the most successful mission.
C.It collected the world's first lunar sample.
D.It brought back more than 1,700 grams of lunar samples.
2.What does the author focus on in Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A.Providing examples.
B.Explaining a concept.
C.Drawing comparisons.
D.Making a summary.
3.Why do we collect samples from space according to Ann Nguyen?
A.To learn more about how the solar system originates and evolves.
B.To determine the structure of the solar system.
C.To deepen our knowledge about our place on Earth.
D.To understand how water first appeared on the moon.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.A “golden age” comes
B.Man explores space
C.Space samples land
D.Scientists analyse samples
答案
语篇解读 本文为新闻报道。主题语境为人与自然;主题语境内容为宇宙探索。现在正处
于收集和探索太空样本的“黄金时代”,世界各地的太空机构都在忙着收集或计划收集
小行星、卫星和行星等的样本。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于嫦娥5号月球探测器我们了解什么?根据第二段,
尤其是最后一句“The mission collecte d 1,71 3 gram s o f sample s o f rock s an d
dust with the help of a drill and a mechanical arm.”可知答案为D项。
2.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者在第三、四段关注的是什么?文章第一段中的“世
界各地的太空机构都在忙着收集或计划收集小行星、卫星和行星等的样本”为本文的中
心句,第二、三、四段是通过举例支撑这一中心句的,由此可推知第三、四段主要是在举例
(Providing examples),故答案为A项。B:解释概念;C:作比较;D:做总结。
3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:Ann Nguyen认为我们要从太空收集样本的原因是什
么?根据第五段中的“I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples
are fo r increasin g ou r understandin g o f th e origi n an d evolutio n o f ou r
sola r syste m and our place in the universe, and how we came to be”可推知答
案为A项。C项中的on Earth与文中的“in the universe”相悖,故被排除。
4.C 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的合适的题目是什么?通读全文尤其是第一段(文
章主题段落)可知本题答案为C项。
Passage 7
Scientists have discovered what may be the oldest fossils of a green
plant ever found in rocks from northern China. The plant is thought to be a
piece of seaweed growing on Earth's ocean floor about 1 billion years ago.
That would make this seaweed an ancestor of all green plants alive today.
The seaweed is a form of green algae called Proterocladus antiquus. It
was very small, about the size of a single piece of rice. Researchers say
the plant was connected to the ocean floor with a root-like structure. At
the time, the plant was one of the largest life forms in the sea. It
contained mostly bacteria and other micro-organisms. Proterocladus was able
to perform photosynthesis, taking energy from the sun to produce life-
supporting carbon and oxygen. The plant also provided food and shelter for
many different kinds of sea life.
The fossils represent the oldest green seaweed ever found. The next
oldest fossil of green seaweed was found in rock thought to be about 800
million years old.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
The scientists say the seaweed once lived in an ocean that was not very
deep. Once the plants died, they became “cooked”under thick sediment. It
created fossils in the shape of the seaweed. Many millions of years later,
the dirt was lifted out of the ocean. Then it became the dry land where the
examples were collected.
The first land plants, believed to be ancestors of green seaweeds, did
not appear until about 450 million years ago. The Virginia Tech researchers
believe that land plants—including trees, grasses, food crops and others—
all developed from green seaweeds that lived in the ocean. Then, over
millions of years, the seaweed plants moved out of the water and adapted to
life on land.
1.What was Proterocladus' influence on sea life?
A.It enlarged the chain of food.
B.It increased the amount of oxygen.
C.It protected sea life from being hurt.
D.It supplied sea life with food and habitat.
2.How does the fourth paragraph develop?
A.By showing the seaweed's living conditions.
B.By telling us how fossils formed.
C.By introducing the history of seaweed.
D.By analyzing the process of land changes.
3.What's the best title for the text?
A.The Oldest Fossils Were Found in Rocks in China
B.Scientists Discover Earth's Oldest Green Plant Fossil in China
C.The Evolution of the Seaweed Delighted Scientists in China
D.The Discovery of the Oldest Green Plant Fossil Shocks the Public
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为科学发现。科学家在中
国北方的岩石中发现了地球上最古老的绿色植物的化石。
1.D 细节理解题。 本题题干意为:Proterocladus对海洋生物有什么影响?根据第二段
中的Proterocladus was able to... Th e plan t als o provide d foo d an d shelte r北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
fo r man y differen t kind s o f se a life .可知:它为海洋生物提供食物与栖息地,故答
案为D项。
2.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:第四段是如何展开的?根据第四段内容(科学家们说,
这种海藻曾经生活在不是很深的海洋里。一旦植物死亡,它们就会在厚厚的沉淀物下被
“煮熟”,形成海藻形状的化石。数百万年后,泥土从海洋中被捞出,然后就变成了收集
样本的陆地)可知:本段主要说明化石是如何形成的。故答案为B项。
3.B 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文的最佳题目是什么?第一段提到Scientists
have discovered what may be the oldest fossils of a green plant ever found
in rocks from northern China.之后文章就此展开,可知B项能够概括本文中心,故为
答案。
Passage 8
Tommy, a 26-year-old chimp(黑猩猩), lives in a small cage in a used
truck sales lot in New York. Retired from movie work and whatever else once
occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company—just a TV. He is
worlds away from the rainforest of Western Africa, where chimps spend most
of their lives in trees, hunting, and socializing together.
His owner hasn't broken any laws, but an animal rights group called the
Nonhuman Rights Project(NhRP) is trying to change the view. The group says
chimps have such humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as
“legal persons”and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.
You've probably heard the term “animal rights”, but animals don't
actually have rights in many countries. Animal welfare laws punish people
who mistreat animals, but that's not the same as chimps having a right to
liberty or anything else.
NhRP's first step is to ask a judge to end people's unjust arrest on
behalf of Tommy and other privately owned chimps. If the court decides to
recognize chimps as legal persons, NhRP's next step will be arguing for
what rights the chimps should be granted. “The right that we believe they
should have most of all is the right to bodily liberty,” says Wise, a NhRP
group member. “They should be able to choose how to live their lives.”北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner
about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy. “He
likes being by himself,” he says.
“There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people,”
says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. “If
we're really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if
maybe someday we might... say,‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's
not very smart at all; maybe the chimps have higher status than this
person.’”
1.What can we know about Tommy?
A.He is living a very lonely life.
B.He dislikes living in the rainforest.
C.He likes watching movies very much.
D.He was illegally bought by Pat Lavery.
2.What can we infer from the text?
A.Great progress has been made in improving animal rights.
B.Pat Lavery is thought to mistreat Tommy by NhRP.
C.Animal rights are going from bad to worse.
D.Animal rights have been admitted in western countries.
3.What's the final goal NhRP wants to achieve?
A.To ensure chimps' bodily safety.
B.To stop illegal hunting for chimps.
C.To help chimps find their families.
D.To help chimps enjoy their freedom.
4.What's Richard Cupp's attitude towards NhRP's efforts to win rights for
chimps?
A.Hopeful.
B.Uncaring.
C.Worried.
D.Supportive.
答案北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
语篇解读 本文为议论文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为动物权利的保护。本文
从26岁黑猩猩在从事电影等工作退休后被关在一个小笼子里引出对保护动物权利这一
话题的讨论。
1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于Tommy我们了解什么?根据第1段第2、3句(……
它没有黑猩猩朋友陪伴——只有一台电视。它置身于非洲西部的雨林之外,而在雨林里
的黑猩猩一生大部分时间都待在树上,一起捕猎、交际)可知答案为A项。
2.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文中我们可以推断出什么?根据第2段(它的主人
并没有违反任何法律,但一个名为“NhRP”的动物权利组织正试图改变这一看法。该组
织说,黑猩猩具有类似人类的智力,它们应该被认定为“合法公民”,并且应该被安置在
动物收容所,可以自由漫步)及倒数第2段中“Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery,
says...and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy.”可推知NhRP认为Pat
Lavery虐待了黑猩猩,故答案为B项。
3.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:NhRP想实现的最终目标是什么?根据第4段最后两句
(“我们认为它们最应该拥有的权利是身体自由,”怀斯,NhRP组织的一名成员说。“它
们应该能够选择自己的生活方式。”)可知NhRP想实现的最终目标是帮助黑猩猩享受自
由,故答案为D项。
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:Richard Cupp对NhRP为黑猩猩争取权利的努力持什
么态度?根据最后一段尤其是第1句(跳起来说它们简直就像人类这一做法是危险的)可
推知Richard Cupp对NhRP为黑猩猩争取权利的努力感到担心,故答案为C项。
Passage 9
Electric vehicles are close to the“turning point”of rapid mass
adoption thanks to the decreasing costs of batteries, experts say.
Global sales of electric vehicles rose 43% in 2020, but even faster
growth is expected when continuing falls in battery prices result in the
price of electric cars under the same petrol and diesel(柴油)models, which
may happen between 2023 and 2025. According to a study by Prof. Tim Lenton,
at the University of Exeter, the turning point has already been passed in
Norway, where tax breaks (税收减免)mean electric cars are cheaper and the
market share of battery-powered cars increased to 54% in 2020 in Norway,
compared with less than 5% in most European nations.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
The falls in battery prices in the last decade have been dramatic and
faster than predicted thanks to a massive production and cuts in costs,
such as reducing the amount of expensive cobalt(钴)required. BloombergNEF's
analysis predicts lithium-ion(锂离子) battery costs will fall so sharply
that electric cars can match the price of petrol and diesel cars by 2023.
McKinsey's Global Energy Perspective 2021, published on 15 January,
forecasts that “electric vehicles are likely to become the most economic
choice in the next five years worldwide”.
Electric cars, vital in efforts to fight climate crisis, are quieter
and start to go faster, so people do not want to return to a petrol or
diesel vehicle once they have one. A survey of 2,000 electric car owners
found 91% said they did not want to go back.
“The survey shows the strong and lasting impact of switching to a
clean car. The evidence in favour of electric vehicles grows more
convincing even in a year as destructive as 2020,” said Melanie
Shufflebotham, at Zap-Map, which maps charging points.
1.What leads to the growing sales of electric vehicles?
A.The rise in petrol prices.
B.The desire for a lower tax.
C.The drop in battery costs.
D.The need for a cleaner life.
2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A.Policies in Norway support electric vehicles.
B.Economy in Norway outgrows other nations.
C.The market share of electric vehicles will decline.
D.The tax breaks in Europe will continue to increase.
3.How will electric vehicles equal fuel vehicles in price?
A.By increasing the demand for cobalt.
B.By boosting the sales of electric cars.
C.By reducing the production of batteries.
D.By cutting the costs of lithium-ion batteries.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.What is the attitude of people surveyed towards electric cars?
A.Tolerant.
B.Positive.
C.Unwilling.
D.Opposed.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。由于电池成
本的下降,电动汽车的发展正进入快车道。
1.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么导致电动汽车销量的增长?根据第1段
“Electric vehicles are close to the‘turning point’of rapid mass adoption
thank s t o th e decreasin g cost s o f batterie s, experts say.”可知答案为C项。
A:汽油价格上涨;B:降低税收的愿望;D:对更清洁生活的需要。
2.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第2段我们可以推断出什么?根据第2段中的
“...the turning point has already been passed i n Norway , wher e ta x break s
mea n electri c car s ar e cheape r and the market share of battery-powered cars
increased to 54% in 2020 in Norway, compared with less than 5% in most
European nations.”(在挪威,该转折点已经过去了,税收减免意味着电动汽车更便宜,
在2020年,挪威的电动汽车市场份额增至54%,相比之下,大多数欧洲国家的市场份额不
到5%)可推知挪威的政策推动了电动汽车的发展,故答案为A项。B:挪威的经济增长超过
其他国家;C:电动汽车的市场份额将下降;D:欧洲的税收减免力度将继续加大。
3.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:电动汽车的价格如何与燃油汽车持平?根据第3段第
2句(BloombergNEF的分析预测,到2023年,锂离子电池的成本将大幅下降,电动汽车的
价格会与汽油和柴油汽车相当)可知答案为D项(通过削减锂离子电池的成本)。A:增加
对钴的需求;B:通过促进电动汽车的销售;C:通过减少电池的生产。
4.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:被调查的人们对电动汽车持什么态度?根据倒数第2
段最后一句(一项针对2,000名电动汽车车主的调查发现,91%的人表示他们不想再开燃
油汽车)可知被调查的人们对电动汽车持积极乐观的态度,故答案为B项。A:宽容的;C:
不情愿的;D:反对的。
Passage 10北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Masks that helped save lives during the coronavirus pandemic(流行病)
are proving a deadly danger for wildlife, with birds and marine creatures
trapped in the incredible number of abandoned facial coverings littering
animal habitats.
Single-use surgical masks have been found thrown around pavements,
waterways and beaches worldwide since countries began demanding their use
in public places to slow the pandemic's spread. Macaques(猕猴) have been
spotted chewing the straps(带子) off old and deserted masks in Malaysia, a
potential choking danger for the little monkeys. And in an incident that
captured the headlines in Britain, a gull(海鸥) was rescued in the city of
Chelmsford after its legs became tangled(缠结)in the straps of a disposable
mask for up to a week. The animal welfare charity was alerted after the
bird was spotted motionless but still alive, and they took it to a wildlife
hospital for treatment before its release.
The biggest impact may be in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks
made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around
6,200 extra tons of marine plastic pollution, according to environmental
group OceansAsia. Already there are signs that masks are worsening threats
to marine life. Conservationists in Brazil found one inside the stomach of
a penguin after its body was washed up on a beach, while a dead
pufferfish(河豚) was discovered caught inside another off the coast of
Miami.
Masks and gloves are “ particularl y problemati c” for sea
creatures,says George Leonard,chief scientist from U.S.-based NGO Ocean
Conservancy. “When it takes those plastics hundreds of years to break down
in the environment, they form smaller and smaller particles,” he added.
“Those particles then enter the food chain and impact entire ecosystems.”
Fortunately, there has been a shift towards greater use of reusable
cloth masks as the pandemic has worn on,but many are still choosing the
lighter single-use varieties. Campaigners have urged people to throw them北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
away properly and remove the straps to reduce the risk of animals becoming
trapped. OceansAsia has also called on governments to increase fines for
littering and encourage the use of washable masks.
1.What role do masks play during the coronavirus pandemic?
A.They keep people free of the pandemic.
B.They make people look more mysterious.
C.They help reduce the speed of the pandemic's spread.
D.They are of great help to wildlife.
2.The author uses the examples of macaques and a gull to show that .
A.the animals lack enough food
B.they enjoy playing with the straps
C.the deserted masks put them in danger
D.it's time for people to protect the animals
3.What does the underlined part “particularly problematic” in Para. 4
mean by George Leonard?
A.Marine creatures are in trouble.
B.Masks and gloves will finally threaten the whole ecosystems.
C.The plastics are easy to break down.
D.The particles masks and gloves form are smaller and smaller.
4.The passage is mainly about .
A.animal protection
B.marine plastic pollution
C.how to reduce the risk of abandoned masks
D.the deserted masks endangering wildlife
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为动物保护。在新冠
肺炎疫情期间帮助拯救人们生命的口罩被大量散落在动物栖息地,这些口罩被证明对野
生动物是致命的危险。
1.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在新冠肺炎疫情期间,口罩起了什么作用?根据文章
第一段中的“Masks that helped save lives during the coronavirus pandemic
are proving a deadly danger for wildlife”(事实证明,在新冠肺炎疫情期间帮助北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
拯救生命的口罩对野生动物构成致命危险)和第二段第一句中的“to slow the
pandemic's spread”(减缓疫情的蔓延)可知:口罩有助于减缓疫情的传播速度,故答案
为C项。
2.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者用猕猴和海鸥的例子来表明 。文章第一段
给出了“口罩对野生动物构成致命危险”这一主题,第二段开始具体介绍全球各地的人
行道、水道和海滩都发现了一次性外科口罩,然后以猕猴和海鸥为例讲述一次性口罩给
它们造成的危害,由此可推知:被遗弃的口罩使动物处于危险之中,故答案为C项。
3.B 猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第四段中画线部分乔治·伦纳德所说的“很成问题”
是什么意思?根据第四段乔治·伦纳德所说的话(那些塑料需要数百年的时间才能在环
境中分解,形成越来越小的颗粒。那些颗粒随后进入食物链,影响整个生态系统)可推知:
口罩和手套最终会威胁到整个生态系统,这一现象“很成问题”,故答案为B项。
4.D 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:本文主要关于 。根据第一段(本文主题段落)的
内容(在新冠肺炎疫情期间帮助拯救生命的口罩对野生动物来说是致命的危险,在鸟类
和海洋生物的栖息地,到处都是被遗弃的口罩)可知本文主要讲废弃的口罩危及野生动
物。故答案为D项。
Passage 11
Disease-carrying mosquitoes can spread diseases without affecting
themselves. Nearly 700 million people get a mosquito-borne illness each
year, which results in over one million deaths. Humans experience
continuous pressures from disease-carrying mosquitoes in many parts of the
world, so we have to find ways to fight against those insects because they
keep getting scarier.
Even though DEET remains the most commonly used, and most powerful,
mosquito repellent (驱虫剂) ever developed, scientists are actively
pursuing effective products based entirely on plant oils. While DEET is an
effective contact repellent, many people dislike the oily feel and smell on
their skin, and sometimes some people are sensitive to it. Consumers are
always interested in alternatives to DEET and other synthetic (合成的)
repellents, so there are numerous natural repellents on the market.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
In my lab at Iowa State University, my team and I have been conducting
research on natural products as possible insect repellents for the past 20
years. In the past few years, three of my Ph.D.students have contributed
greatly to our research by designing, synthesizing, purifying,
characterizing and testing more than 300 closely related chemicals coming
from the best of natural repellents like citronellol, menthol and thymol.
These students have successfully tested these repellents against three
species of dangerous mosquitoes. The first group of the new repellents act
through the air. These chemicals have a vapor action that provides
protection. These are potentially most useful in backyards, parks, houses,
barracks and horse barns. The other group of the new repellents are the
classic ones that stop insects from standing on a treated surface, such as
human skin, clothing or tents;some researchers have conducted testing on
some humans to confirm the effectiveness and identify the very best ones.
The new repellents were designed and made from the natural materials in
plant essential oils. They maintain many of the advantages of the natural
repellents:They are fully biodegradable (可生物降解的),with no ecological
concerns or environmental wastes, and generally considered safe like the
thousands of types of plant essential oils used in the flavor and perfume
industries. However, thorough testing will be conducted to determine if
they are truly non-poisonous because there is still no enough evidence.
1.What does the author mainly want to show in Paragraph 1?
A.The way mosquitoes spread disease.
B.The high death rate of mosquito-borne illness.
C.The difficulty of fighting disease-carrying mosquitoes.
D.The urgency of finding tools to fight against mosquitoes.
2.What is a disadvantage of DEET?
A.It causes discomfort to the users.
B.It greatly harms people's health.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.It can't be applied universally.
D.It won't be effective for long.
3.What can we learn about the second group of the new repellents?
A.They can kill mosquitoes indirectly.
B.They are mainly used in the open air.
C.They are more effective on human skin.
D.They can prevent mosquitoes from contacting users.
4.What's the author's attitude to the new repellents?
A.Disapproving.
B.Negative.
C.Objective.
D.Subjective.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为蚊子防范。本文介绍了
作者和他的学生们对使用天然材料作为驱蚊剂的研究。
1.D 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:在第1段作者主要想表达什么?根据第1段,尤其是第
3句“Humans experience continuous pressures from disease-carrying
mosquitoes in many parts of the world, so we have to find ways to fight
against those insects because they keep getting scarier.”(在世界许多地方,
人类一直承受着来自携带疾病的蚊子的压力,所以我们必须找到对付那些昆虫的方法,
因为它们变得越来越可怕)可知作者在第1段主要表达人类找到办法来对付蚊子的紧迫
性,故答案为D项。
2.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:DEET的一个劣势是什么?根据第2段中“While DEET
is an effective contact repellent, many people dislike the oily feel and
smell on their skin, and sometimes some people are sensitive to it.”(虽然
避蚊胺是一种有效的接触型驱蚊剂,但许多人不喜欢皮肤上那油腻的感觉和它的气味,
有时有些人对避蚊胺很敏感)可推知答案为A项(它会给使用者带来不适)。
3.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于第二组新型驱蚊剂,我们能了解到什么?根据第4
段中的“The other group of the new repellents are the classic ones that
stop insects from standing on a treated surface, such as human skin,
clothing or tents”(另一类是经典的新型驱蚊剂,它们可以阻止蚊子停留在被喷上驱北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
蚊剂的物体表面,如人的皮肤、衣服或帐篷)可知答案为D项(它们可以防止蚊子与使用
者接触)。
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者对于这些新型驱蚊剂持什么态度?最后一段作者
首先对新型驱蚊剂的效果进行了肯定(它们保持了天然驱蚊剂的许多优点),接下来作者
在最后一句说“然而,要确定它们是否真的无毒还需要彻底的测试,因为目前还没有足
够的证据来证明这一点”。由此可知作者对新型驱蚊剂的态度是客观的(objective),故
答案为C项。
Passage 12
At age 22, Hikari Oberman has already been a lifeguard for four
years.Last week, Oberman talked to The Garden Island about how he helped
save lives during a recent rescue.
On Dec. 30, Oberman and his coworker Cope were parked in their truck at
Anini Beach when two workers ran up to them and said, “I think someone's
getting stuck in the channel!”
“I grab our equipment. We start rolling out down there,” Oberman
said.
When he got out there, Oberman found a stand-up paddler, a man in his
late 30s, struggling against the current, with an elderly man holding
tightly to the back of the paddleboard (冲浪板).
He said, “My coworker grab the stand-up guy.Meanwhile, I'm stuck with
the older man.”
Normally, Oberman said he would pull the paddler up, lay him on the
surfboard, climb up behind and paddle from there.He tried that technique at
first and quickly realized it was not a practicable option. The y wer e no t
goin g anywhere .
Waves hit against the extremely sharp reef very hard about 30 yards
behind them, and the current was pulling them into it.
“It's right behind us.If I stop paddling, we're definitely going to be
in that zone,” he said.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
They started making progress toward the reef, where they might safely
be able to climb out.Oberman just focused on forward movement.
After about five minutes—“even though it felt longer”—Oberman said
his partner had gotten the paddleboarder safely to shore and started coming
back out to help.
“I look back, and I see our jet ski.He's finally coming in the
channel.We're not going to have to worry about that now.”
It was a good rescue.
When asked what it feels like to save someone's life, Oberman
responded, “I love it! That's why we do it!” But as exciting as it might
be to perform a big rescue, he explained that the most important part of
his job is to keep people from getting into trouble in the first place.
1.How did Hikari Oberman react to the two workers' cry for help?
A.He dragged the two workers to his truck.
B.He rolled the equipment to the channel.
C.He called his coworker to run to the beach.
D.He made his way to the channel without delay.
2.What does the underlined part “They were not going anywhere.” in
Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A.They were unwilling to go anywhere.
B.They were waiting others for help.
C.They were being pulled by the current.
D.They were going to give up.
3.What did the author want to show by mentioning the waves?
A.It was the perfect time to surf.
B.The reef was so hard to damage.
C.The situation was extremely serious.
D.The paddlers were pushed forward.
4.Which of the following things contributed more to the rescue?
A.The jet ski.
B.The current.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.The paddleboard.
D.The truck.
5.What is the author's attitude towards his job?
A.Skeptical.
B.Tolerate.
C.Approving.
D.Frightened.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为公民义务与社会
责任。本文讲述了一位海岸救生员和同事一起搭救两名遇险的冲浪爱好者的故事。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的I grab our equipment.We start rolling out
down there.可知选D。
2.C 词义猜测题。根据第七段Waves hit against the extremely sharp reef very
hard about 30 yards behind them, and the current was pulling them into it.
(海浪猛烈地冲击着他们身后约30码处极其尖锐的礁石,水流正把他们推进去。)可知他
们两人被潮流困住,动不了了,故选C。
3.C 推理判断题。作者在第七段里提到了waves,主要目的是描述当时的危急情况,故
选C。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段中的I look back, and I see our jet
ski.He's finally coming in the channel.(我回头一看,看到了我们的水上摩托艇。
他终于进入了海峡。)可知水上摩托艇的到来终于化解了最后一名冲浪者的危机,故选
A。
5.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句When asked what it feels like to
save someone's life, Oberman responded, “I love it! That's why we do it!”
可知选C(赞许的)。
难句分析 原句:When he got out there, Oberman found a stand-up paddler, a
man in his late 30s, struggling against the current, with an elderly man
holding tightly to the back of the paddleboard.
分析:本句中when引导时间状语从句,struggling against the current为found的宾
语补足语,后面的with短语为伴随状语。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
译文:当Oberman到达那里时,他发现了一个站立的冲浪者,一个将近40岁的男人,正在
与浪潮斗争,还有一个老人紧紧地抓着冲浪板的后部。
Passage 13
We often say that intelligence means being able to solve problems.Some
animals seem able to do this.For example, dogs and cats often find their
way home from long distances.To do this they have to use their
intelligence.They have to remember and think.But many birds find their way
over long distances, too.They travel thousands of miles every year when
they move from cold to warm countries.We do not know how they do this but
we know that they do not use their intelligence.They do not remember places
and directions and then make decisions.Young birds are able to make these
journeys without help as soon as they can fly.They are born with this
ability.This is not intelligence.We call this “instinct”.
Often we cannot be sure whether an animal is acting intelligently or
instinctively.When a dog hears a strange noise, it barks.This is
instinct.It cannot stop itself from doing this.It does not really know why
it is doing this.But suppose a house is on fire and the dog barks outside
its master's bedroom until he wakes up.Is the dog using its intelligence?
Is it solving the problem by waking its master or is it simply barking
instinctively because it is afraid? Often we cannot be sure.
Many animals, however, can be taught to solve problems, especially when
they are given rewards.Rats have been taught to touch a key to get
food.Animals in circuses (马戏团) have been taught to do all sorts of
tricks to amuse the audience.In all these cases we may say that an animal
is using intelligence.It is saying, “If I do this, I will get a
reward.Therefore, I will do it.” This may be thought of as a low kind of
intelligence.
1.To find their way home from long distances, cats and dogs have to .
A.use their instinct
B.use their intelligence北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.travel thousands of miles
D.get enough food
2.Birds don't have intelligence because .
A.they cannot find their way home
B.they don't remember places and directions and then make decisions
C.young birds are able to fly
D.they cannot bear cold weather
3.We say a dog is not using its intelligence when barking at a strange
noise because .
A.it cannot control itself
B.it knows how to bark when it has grown up
C.we are not sure of it
D.it stops people from getting into a house
4.Animals in circuses do all sorts of tricks to amuse the audience because
.
A.they know how to speak
B.they like to do so
C.they know they will be rewarded
D.they are afraid of human beings
5.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A.We are not sure whether birds use their instinct when they fly long
distances.
B.Even young birds can travel long distances.
C.Animals know how to solve a problem if you teach them.
D.A rat is showing a low kind of intelligence when it touches a key to get
food.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。本文探
讨了动物的智力与本能的区别。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的To do this they have to use their
intelligence.(要做到这一点,它们必须运用它们的智慧。)可知选B。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的They do not remember places and directions
and then make decisions.可知选B。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,狗听到奇怪的声音就叫,这是本能,它无法控制自己。
故选A。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Many animals, however, can be taught to
solve problems, especially when they are given rewards.可知选C。
5.A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后几句话Young birds are able to make these
journeys...This is not intelligence.We call this “instinct”.可知A是不正
确的。
难句分析 原句:But suppose a house is on fire and the dog barks outside its
master's bedroom until he wakes up.
分析:suppose后接that引导的宾语从句,此处省略了that,until引导时间状语从句。
译文:但假设一所房子着火了,狗就在主人的卧室外叫,直到主人醒来。
Passage 14
The official opening of Beijing Daxing International Airport caps a
long design and building process.Designed by the late architect Zaha Hadid
and her partners, the airport is built for the future, having a terminal
the size of 97 soccer grounds—as well as customer-service robots that
provide travelers with flight updates and airport information.
Called “starfish” by Chinese media for its shape of five concourses (大
厅) connected to a main hall, Daxing Airport aims to reduce the walking
distance for passengers.The airport authority has promised a distance of no
more than 600 meters (about eight minutes of walking) between security
checkpoints and the remotest boarding gate.
This new modern airport employs a special intelligent lighting system,
supported by eight big C-shaped columns that let in the sunlight,
brightening the architecture and structure.Therefore, it minimizes the need
to use electric lighting.
To offer a more refreshing travel experience, five outdoor courtyards
with the themes “Silk Garden”“Tea Garden”“Porcelain北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Garden”“Countryside Garden” and “Chinese Garden” feature at the end of
the five departure lounges (等候室) for use by passengers waiting for their
flights.Travelers will be scanned on cameras using facial
recognition.Counters will be fully automated to capture face photos and
relay them in each part of the journey through the airport, including
security and the departure gate.
China is projected to overtake the United States as the world's biggest
air travel market by 2022.The “modest” initial operational target at
Daxing Airport is to accommodate 72 million passengers and 2 million tons
of goods annually by 2025.The ambitious master plan calls for the building
of a total of seven runways, and moving at least 100 million passengers and
4 million tons of goods a year through the airport.
1.Why is the airport in a starfish-shaped design?
A.To hold as many passengers as possible.
B.To make the main hall easier to be found.
C.To keep security checkpoints effective.
D.To make boarding gates within easy reach.
2.What can the airport's lighting system be described as?
A.High-end.
B.Energy-saving.
C.Passenger-friendly.
D.Strangely-formed.
3.What can be inferred about the five outdoor courtyards?
A.They reflect the Chinese tradition.
B.They use popular techniques.
C.They promote Chinese goods to people.
D.They follow the latest world trend.
4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.The design and construction of Daxing Airport took a long time.
B.Zaha Hadid has passed away.
C.Passengers pass through the departure gate quickly.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.China has now overtaken the United States to become the world's largest
air travel market.
5.What do the numbers in the last paragraph indicate?
A.The airport's market.
B.The airport's project.
C.The airport's potential.
D.The airport's facilities.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为建筑领域的代表
性作品。本文介绍了北京大兴国际机场的建筑特点及目标。
1.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中第一句Called “starfish” by Chinese media
for its shape of five concourses connected to a main hall, Daxing Airport
aims to reduce the walking distance for passengers.(大兴机场被中国媒体称为
“海星”,因为它的形状是五个大厅连接到一个主厅,旨在减少乘客的步行距离。)可知
选D(让登机口近在咫尺)。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Therefore, it minimizes the need to use
electric lighting.(因此,它最大限度地减少了使用电照明的需要。)可知大兴机场照
明系统是节省能源的设计,故选B项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中描述的五个室外庭院的名字可以推断出,它们反映了中
国传统文化,故选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句China is projected to overtake the United
States as the world's biggest air travel market by 2022.(预计到2022年,中国
将超过美国,成为世界上最大的航空旅行市场。)可知目前中国还未超越美国成为最大的
航空旅行市场,故D为错误表述。
5.C 推理判断题。最后一段描述了未来大兴机场要达到的目标,故选C(机场的潜力)。
难句分析 原句:This new modern airport employs a special intelligent
lighting system, supported by eight big C-shaped columns that let in the
sunlight, brightening the architecture and structure.
分析:这句话里supported by...为过去分词短语作状语,that引导定语从句,后面的
brightening the architecture and structure现在分词短语作状语。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
译文:这座现代化的新机场采用了一种特殊的智能照明系统,由八根大C形柱子支
撑,让阳光照进机场,使建筑和内部结构更明亮。
Passage 15
Traffic lights, or traffic signals, are located on most major corners
in cities and towns around the world.The red, yellow and green lights let
us know when it is safe to drive through the intersection (十字路口) and
when to walk across the street as well as when to stop and let other
drivers, bikers and pedestrians take their turns to continue on their way.
Traffic jams were a problem even before the invention of the
automobile.Horse-drawn carriages and pedestrians crowded the roads of
London in the 1860s.A British railway manager, John Peake Knight, suggested
adapting a railroad method for controlling traffic.
Railroads used a semaphore (信号标) system with small arms extending
from a pole to indicate whether a train could pass or not.In Knight's
adaptation, semaphores would signal “stop” and “go” during the day, and
at night red and green lights would be used.Gas lamps would light up the
sign at night. A police officer would be stationed next to the signals to
operate them.
The world's first traffic signal was installed on Dec.9, 1868, at the
intersection of Bridge Street and Great George Street in the London borough
of Westminster, near the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Bridge.It was
a success and Knight predicted more would be installed.
However, only one month later, a police officer controlling the signal
was badly injured when a leak in a gas main caused one of the lights to
explode in his face.The project was declared a public health hazard and
immediately dropped.
Following the accident, about four decades passed before traffic
signals began to grow in popularity again, mainly in the United States as
more automobiles hit the road.The early 1900s saw several patents being
filed, each with a different innovation to the basic idea.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
The first electric traffic light using red and green lights was
invented in 1912 by Lester Farnsworth Wire, a police officer in Salt Lake
City, Utah.Wire's traffic signal resembled a four-sided bird house mounted
on a tall pole.It was placed in the middle of an intersection and was
powered by overhead trolley wires.A police officer had to manually switch
the direction of the lights.
1.What benefit do traffic lights bring to the world?
A.They let the pedestrians know how to cross the intersection.
B.They decorate most main corners in cities and towns around the world.
C.They help to solve the problem of traffic blocks.
D.They keep us safe by stopping drivers, bikers and pedestrians.
2.What can we learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A.Knight invented electric traffic lights to ease traffic jams.
B.A semaphore system contained small arms extending from a pole to guide
trains.
C.Semaphores only worked during the day.
D.Knight's signal system required a policeman to guard it all day.
3.The purpose of the author mentioning the explosion of the first traffic
signal is to .
A.tell us the success of the first traffic signal
B.show the awkwardness of the first traffic signal
C.show how careless the police officer was
D.tell us Knight's determination
4.What is the main factor behind the rapid development of traffic signals?
A.The improvement of the traffic signals.
B.The emergence of large numbers of cars.
C.The accident caused by the traffic signals.
D.More automobile accidents on the road.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Who invented the traffic light?
B.A boom in traffic lights北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.History of traffic lights
D.The mystery of traffic lights
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。本文介
绍了交通信号灯的发展历史。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句The red, yellow and green lights let
us know when it is safe to drive through the intersection and...(红、黄、绿灯
让我们知道什么时候驶过十字路口是安全的……)可知选C(它们帮助解决交通阻塞的问
题)。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Railroads used a semaphore system with
small arms extending from a pole to indicate whether a train could pass or
not.(铁路公司使用一种信号标系统,小手臂从杆子中伸出来指示火车是否可以通过。)
可知选B。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第五段可知,在第一个信号灯出现爆炸事故后,信号灯系统就被
立即停用了。故选B(表明第一个交通信号灯的尴尬遭遇)。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第六段第一句Following the accident, about four decades
passed before traffic signals began to grow in popularity again, mainly in
the United States as more automobiles hit the road.(事故发生后,大约40年过
去了,交通信号灯才开始再次流行起来,主要是在美国,因为有更多的汽车上路了。)可知
选B(大量汽车的出现)。
5.C 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要介绍了交通信号灯的历史,故选C。
难句分析 原句:However, only one month later, a police officer controlling
the signal was badly injured when a leak in a gas main caused one of the
lights to explode in his face.
分析:controlling the signal是现在分词短语作后置定语,when引导时间状语从句。
译文:然而,仅仅一个月后,一名控制信号灯的警察就严重受伤,煤气总管道泄漏导致其
中一盏灯在他脸上爆炸。
Passage 16
It was late, about 10:15 p.m. Janice Esposito got off the train, went
to her car and started driving home.She was so familiar with the route that北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
she almost drove automatically:turned left to the Station Road, then
another left onto Montauk Highway, and then—bam! When Esposito's car had
just crossed the railroad tracks, it hit another vehicle and was pushed
back onto the tracks.Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the
airbags that popped up, she was stuck in the vehicle.
As it happened, Pete Dipinto was just about to go to sleep when he
heard a sharp noise and saw the accident not far outside his bedroom
window.As a volunteer firefighter and retired teacher, Dipinto who was 65,
fetched a flashlight and rushed out without hesitation.“Any firefighter
would have done what I did.We're always on duty,” he said.
At first, he spotted the other car in the accident.After making sure
that the driver was all right, Dipinto looked around and discovered
Esposito's car straddling (跨立于) the railway tracks.And then he heard the
bell ring, which signaled a train's arrival.
Dipinto rushed to Esposito's car and broke the window on the driver's
side.Esposito looked up at him, with her eyes glazing over.“I don't know
where I am,” she said.
“You're on the railroad tracks,” Dipinto yelled.“I have to get you
off right now!” The train was running toward them at a speed of some 105
kilometers per hour.The driver's door cannot be opened due to the
collision, so Dipinto quickly ran to the other side and managed to open the
door.He put the airbags aside, seized her arms, pulled her toward him
across the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to
safety as swiftly as possible.Several seconds later, the train crashed into
the vehicle.It was like a Hollywood movie, Dipinto told reporters the next
day.
“Last night,” said South Country Ambulance's Chief, “ th e her o
arrive d i n pajama s ( 睡衣 ) , no t i n a fir e truc k.”
1.What can we know about the accident from Paragraph 1?
A.Esposito's car hit another vehicle.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.Esposito drove too fast.
C.Esposito didn't know the route well.
D.A running train crashed into Esposito's car.
2.How was Janice Esposito right after the accident?
A.She felt all right.
B.She was badly hurt.
C.She got stuck in the car.
D.She completely lost her consciousness.
3.What does the underlined word “collision” mean in Paragraph 5?
A.Moving object crashes into something.
B.To be moving slowly in the same direction.
C.A strong disagreement between two groups.
D.An idea occurs when two different cultures conflict.
4.How was Janice Esposito rescued from her car?
A.Through the window on the driver's side.
B.Through the door on the driver's side.
C.Through the window on the passenger's side.
D.Through the door on the passenger's side.
5.What did the chief mean by “the hero arrived in pajamas, not in a fire
truck”?
A.Dipinto was not a professional firefighter.
B.Dipinto rushed to save life without thinking about himself.
C.Dipinto was a special firefighter who liked wearing pajamas.
D.Dipinto was unable to find a fire truck when the accident happened.
答案
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我。主题语境内容为优秀品行。本文讲
述了一位65岁的老爷爷在夜晚身穿睡衣解救因车祸被困于车中的一位女士,使其幸免
于难的故事。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句When Esposito's car had just crossed
the railroad tracks, it hit another vehicle and was pushed back onto the北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
tracks.(当埃斯波西托的车刚刚穿过铁轨时,它撞上了另一辆车,并被推回到了铁轨
上。)可知选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Injured but mostly shocked by the crash
and by the airbags that popped up, she was stuck in the vehicle.(她受伤了,
但主要是受到了撞击和弹出的安全气囊的惊吓,被困在车里。)可知选C。
3.A 词义猜测题。 根据画线单词所在句判断:The driver's door cannot be opened
due to the collision...(司机门打不开是因为 ……),很明显,车门打不开是由撞
车事故造成的,故选A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段中的so Dipinto quickly ran to the other side and
managed to open the door... walked her to safety as swiftly as possible可知
选D。
5.B 推理判断题。由于迪平托听到撞车声音后第一时间就出来救人,还穿着睡衣。迪平
托只顾着救人,顾不得自己。故选B。
Passage 17
Dear Mr. Whitacre,
I fell in love with a “flying Dutchman”, literally. In the summer of
2011, I moved to the Netherlands not knowing anyone except my husband, not
knowing how to speak the language, and leaving behind my friends, family,
and everything I knew that represented me. But as they say, “Love is
blind.”
In the beginning, I spent many months “alone in my head”. My mother-
in-law didn't speak English (or Italian). This, however, didn't stop her
from trying to communicate with me. At first, sounds of vague meanings
coupled with hand gestures were our way of having a conversation.
It wasn't until I discovered she was a choral(合唱的)director for a
women's group in the community that we then began communicating on a whole
different level. From my early days in school, I was always part of a
school choir for over a decade.
We shared a love of music! Dien (my mother-in-law's name) taught me
many beautiful Dutch songs. I sang in her choir throughout the years that北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
followed. And then by chance, I came across a TED-Talk featuring you, Mr.
Whitacre, discussing your music and the virtual(虚拟合唱团)choir. Within
minutes, I researched when the next project would start and to my surprise,
it was Virtual Choir 4 “Fly to Paradise”. I couldn't wait to tell my
mother-in-law!
The next 2 weeks we spent practicing our parts and perfecting our video
submissions. It was pure joy for us. Something we shared a love for,
encouraging each other, spending hours together, and making a permanent
bond as a mother and daughter-in-law.
Music has always been a part of my life. Its significance is greater
than anything most people are aware of. Our participation in your virtual
choir is one I will never forget. I am grateful for you, your music, and
its ability to connect us all.
1.Which of the following best describes the author's mother-in-law?
A.Talkative and humorous.
B.Active and caring.
C.Strict and determined.
D.Quiet and considerate.
2.What can we learn about the author from the text?
A.She felt regretful about her marriage at the beginning.
B.She tried to avoid speaking to Dien due to the language barrier.
C.She decided to join the virtual choir with Dien's suggestions.
D.She developed a closer family bond by joining the virtual choir.
3.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To give encouragement.
B.To offer help.
C.To express thanks.
D.To introduce a choir.
答案
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活。文章主要讲
述作者初到荷兰时语言不通,但是热心的婆婆教会她很多荷兰歌曲,她们共同参加北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Whitacre先生的虚拟合唱团,形成了一个永久的亲密的家庭关系,作者写信向他表达谢
意。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段以及第三段可知,作者的婆婆尽可能想办法同作者交流,
并且教会作者很多歌曲,故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Something we shared a love for,
encouraging each other, spending hours together, and making a permanent
bond as a mother and daughter-in-law.可知,通过加入虚拟合唱团作者和她的婆婆
关系更亲密了。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中的I am grateful for you, your music, and
its ability to connect us all.可知,通过参加Whitacre先生的虚拟合唱团,作者和
她的婆婆关系更亲密了,所以作者写这篇文章是向他表达感谢,故选C。
Passage 18
Buying sunglasses can leave anyone puzzled by choice. But Bose may have
stuck the landing in the style department with its new Bose Frames,
designed to pump music directly into your ears and work with apps to
deliver walking instructions and more.
Bose Frames look better than most smart glasses already around. The
Frames are black, with gold accents on the power button. Those thick arms
look like a pair of designer sunglasses you'd get from some pop shops
guaranteed to be out of business in a year. More than one person commented
on the Frames while I wore them around town, and two of my co-workers
thought they looked surprisingly cool. And that was before they knew about
the built-in speakers.
The Frames sound as great as they look, at least when you compare them
to the headphones that came with your smart phones. In each of the Frames'
arms is a mini speaker pumping music directly at your ears. On the outside
of each arm is another speaker designed to cancel out what the inside one
is playing. The end result: music you can hear, and silence anybody nearby
can appreciate. Mostly.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Of course, you shouldn't wear these indoors or in a quiet environment,
like a library. Bose Frames are essentially wearable speakers, meaning they
leak sound, so people nearby can still hear something.
Bose Frames are not for everyone, nor are they great for every
situation—sometimes, regular old headphones are more socially appropriate.
But once you get over the astonishment that you're wearing a pair of
glasses with built-in speakers, you might find them becoming a seasonal
addition to you. If you're in the market for sunglasses, and are willing to
drop two hundred dollars on a pair, Bose Frames are a solid option for
every fashion-forward futurist.
1.What impressed the author's colleagues at first about Bose Frames?
A.The low price.
B.The good look.
C.The limited edition.
D.The mini speakers.
2.What are the outside speakers of Bose Frames used for?
A.Avoiding leaking any sound.
B.Connecting to smartphones.
C.Pumping music directly into ears.
D.Decreasing disturbance of people around.
3.For what purpose does the author write the text?
A.To give tips on how to choose suitable sunglasses.
B.To compare traditional and high-tech sunglasses.
C.To introduce the newly designed Bose sunglasses.
D.To share the experience of wearing Bose sunglasses.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展与信息技术
创新。文章主要介绍了新设计的Bose太阳镜。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的More than one person commented on the Frames
while I wore them around town, and two of my co-workers thought they looked
surprisingly cool可知,作者的同事一开始对这款眼镜的外表印象深刻。故选B。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可知,每只眼镜腿的外侧都有另一个扬声器,用
来抵消里面的声音。最终的结果是:你能听到音乐,周围的人也能享受到寂静。所以,外部
扬声器帮助减轻对周围的人的干扰。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。这篇文章介绍了新款太阳镜Bose Frames,包括它的外观、功能、使用
场合等。所以,作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍新款的Bose太阳镜。故选C。
Passage 19
My mother didn't set out to be a civil rights activist. In fact, she
had no intention of becoming a pioneer of any sort. But because of the kind
of person she was, and the times she lived through, she turned out to be
both. She gave a whole group of black Alabama girls opportunities they
otherwise wouldn't have had, and became a role model for all of us.
In 1941 she bought an old Victorian house to operate as a preschool.
The huge, sunny rooms and breezy porches also served as a meeting place for
my mother's first Girl Scout troop.
Though this may seem a small thing now, at the time it was a watershed
(分水岭) event. Racism was a fact of life in the 1940s, and African
American girls were barred from joining white troops. My mother, who was
only five feet tall but could beat you on a fast-paced hike, decided it was
time for a change. Her troop was the first for African Americans in
Alabama. When Mama saw a need, she filled it.
In 1950, the Girl Scouts sent a group of women—all of them white—from
headquarters in New York to help my mother with an overnight training camp.
The women met in a wilderness area outside Birmingham where, unknown to
them, the Ku Klux Klan(三K党) was active. It never occurred to the women,
black and white, that they were violating the rules of segregation by
camping together. That night, my mother awoke to the sound of men's voices.
She stole out of her tent and saw them, dressed in their horrible uniforms.
They offered what must have been a terrifying warning: Be gone by sunrise.
She never shared this story with me; people protected their children
from some of the uglier sides of racism. But I over-heard my parents北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
talking about it later that night and I realized there was something
remarkable about Mama. I felt an obligation to give back, to seek solutions
and create opportunities as she did.
“It's not something you choose to do; it's just something you do,”
she would say. And what I've found is this. In giving to others, you get as
much as you give.
1.What made the author's mother an advocate for civil rights?
A.Her passion and educational background.
B.Her race and financial condition.
C.Her personality and social background.
D.Her occupation and religious belief.
2.Why does the author mention her mother's height in the third paragraph?
A.To indicate her deeply-rooted sympathy for her mother.
B.To emphasize her mother's surprising strength.
C.To illustrate what a role model should look like.
D.To show her mother differs from average black women.
3.What does the author think of her mother's meeting with the Ku Klux Klan?
A.It proves to be dangerous and unworthy.
B.It reveals the danger of racism.
C.It violates the rules of segregation.
D.It inspires her to be brave and caring.
答案
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为优秀品行,正确的人生
态度,公民义务与社会责任。文章讲述了作者的母亲成为民权倡导者并影响着作者和大
家的故事。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的But because of the kind of person she was,
and the times she lived through, she turned out to be both.可知,是母亲的性
格以及社会背景使她成为一个民权的倡导者。故选C。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的My mother, who was only five feet tall but
could beat you on a fast-paced hike, decided it was time for a change.可知,
母亲虽然身体不高大,力量却很强大。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。第四段讲述了母亲遇到三K党的事,第五段接着说她从来没有跟我讲
过这件事。但那天晚上,我无意中听到我父母谈论这件事,我意识到妈妈有什么特别之处。
我觉得自己有义务回馈社会,像她一样寻求解决方案,创造机会。由此可知,作者觉得这
件事能够激励她变得勇敢和关心他人。故选D。
Passage 20
Like any language, English has many variations(变形)in vocabulary,
spelling and pronunciation. The differences can be regional or even exist
within the same city! As a Canadian who lives in Vancouver, I have always
known these differences, but I didn't get to experience them firsthand
until I began attending an American university.
I found that there are some Canadian words that people in the US just
don't understand like “tuque”, which is a warm, knitted hat. My friends
tease me every time I use the “washroom”, as the word isn't used in the
US—“bathroom”, “toilet” and “restroom”are often used instead. In a
similar way, when I asked my friend what marks he got on his test, he gave
me a confused look. People in the US only say “grades”.
Though certain Canadian expressions sound very different from our North
American neighbor, they share the same original language because both
served as colonies(殖民地)of the former British Empire. This cultural
heritage survives through speech and language.
Unlike American English, most Canadian spellings are similar to the
British words. In the US, words like “harbour” and “colour” are spelled
without the “u”. Even so, some words changed in Canada, like
“aluminum”. British people spell and pronounce this word as
“aluminium”.
As a result, Canadian English has developed an identity of its own. For
example, we cannot forget the most important word in Canadian English:北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
sorry. While it isn't really the most important word, Canadians have a
reputation for being polite and friendly. I, for one, want to preserve that
reputation and honor my Canadian roots, even while I'm in the United
States.
“Language brings with it an identity and a culture,” wrote South
African comedian Trevor Noah in his book, Born a Crime: Stories from a
South African Childhood. “A language barrier says ‘We're different’. A
shared language says ‘We're the same’.”
1.Why might Americans fail to understand Canadians sometimes?
A.Canadian English is more challenging.
B.There exist differences in the two languages.
C.Canada is less strongly influenced by the former British Empire.
D.Canadians attach more importance to being polite and friendly.
2.Which of the following can most likely be a Canadian expression?
A.Excuse me, where's the bathroom?
B.The girl student got good grades on her exams.
C.I'm sorry that he laboured all day in the harbour.
D.The window of the toilet is made of aluminium.
3.As a Canadian, the writer .
A.never sees the difference between different kinds of English
B.is always looked down upon by his friends in the US
C.found great difficulty adapting to university life in the US
D.does not want to lose his identity as a Canadian
4.We can learn from the text that .
A.language is an important carrier of culture
B.most of the languages have the same origin
C.one culture's meat is another culture's poison
D.honesty is the key to crossing the language barrier
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为跨文化沟通。文章主要
介绍了加拿大英语的独具一格,说明了语言定义了一个国家的身份。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知,美国人有时听不懂加拿大人的话是因
为这两种语言存在差异。故选B。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知,bathroom、grades和toilet是美国的表达,选
项A、B、D错误。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的I, for one, want to preserve that
reputation and honor my Canadian roots, even while I'm in the United
States.可知,作者作为加拿大人,不想失去加拿大人的特征。故选D。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章整体尤其是第三段中的This cultural heritage
survives through speech and language.和最后一段中的Language brings with it
an identity and a culture可推断,语言是文化的重要载体。故选A。
Passage 21
When Jack Andraka was 15 years old, he created a new diagnostic(诊断
的)test for pancreatic cancer(胰腺癌). Jack's test is 28 times faster,
26,000 times less expensive and over 100 times more sensitive than the
current diagnostic tests. His test earned him first prize at the Intel
International Science and Engineering Fair, which is like the Olympics of
science fairs.
It was after a close family friend died of pancreatic cancer that Jack
Andraka became interested in finding a better early-detection diagnostic
test. Jack said the solution came to him during his high school biology
class. He was secretly reading an article about nanotubes(纳米管)while the
teacher was talking about antibodies. Jack said the two ideas came together
in his head, and he thought he could combine what the teacher was saying
with what he knew about nanotubes to create an early detection test for
pancreatic cancer.
Jack Andraka used what he found through Google searches and free online
science journals to develop a plan and a budget. Jack contacted about 200北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
people including researchers at Johns Hopkins University and the National
Institutes of Health with a proposal to work in their labs. He got 199
rejections before he finally got an acceptance from Dr. Anirban Maitra,
Professor of Oncology (肿瘤学) at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Jack
worked after school every day, on weekends and over holidays at Maitra's
lab until he developed his test.
So, think about Jack Andraka next time you hear that something can't be
done. Or, if you receive numerous rejections (close to 200 in Jack
Andraka's case) or you're simply hesitating to give one of your ideas a
shot. Also, keep in mind that you don't necessarily need a giant team,
billions of dollars in resources or even more than 15 years of life
experience to do something amazing.
1.Why did Jack decide to work on the diagnostic test?
A.The existing test was not widely used.
B.He wanted to win a prize in a science fair.
C.A family friend died of pancreatic cancer.
D.He got inspired in his high school biology class.
2.How did Jack work out the test?
A.By cooperating with Google.
B.By doing experiments in the lab.
C.By conducting researches online.
D.By contacting about 200 people.
3.In which section of a newspaper can this article appear?
A.Life Style & Trends
B.Hospitals & ICUs
C.Inspirational Stories
D.Interesting Discoveries
答案
语篇解读 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学精神。文章讲述了
15岁的Jack Andraka发明了一种新的胰腺癌诊断测试方法。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It was after a close family friend...early-
detection diagnostic test.可知,杰克决定做诊断测试,是因为家族的一位朋友死于
胰腺癌。故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Jack worked after school...at Maitra's
lab until he developed his test.可知,杰克通过在实验室里做实验开发出了自己的
测试方法。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。结合文章的主要内容可知,Jack被拒绝了很多次,他不断尝试,最后
取得成功。由此可知,这篇文章可以在报纸的“鼓舞人心的故事”版面刊登。故选C。
Passage 22
When you go on a cruise (游船度假), you usually think you are leaving
solid ground behind, but the Celebrity Solstice brings a whole new
experience to its passengers. Aboard the 317m-long ship is a half-acre
lawn(草坪). The Celebrity Solstice is the first cruise ship ever to house
live grass.
Nikolas Asproudas, the ship's environmental officer told New Zealand
News, “It was a crazy idea to start with.” For five years, they have been
saying that this lawn is the most walked lawn in the world. It's a symbol
of honor, particularly because the lawn on the top deck of the ship has
special challenges with growth at sea, including “burns” from the salt
water, which must be washed off immediately and clearance checks before the
ship can pull in to shore.
The lawn is grown in silica (二氧化硅) sand rather than soil, which not
only reduces weight, helping the ship's stability, but also agrees with
restrictions and helps control pests that may otherwise stay on the grass.
Asproudas sends the Captain of the ship a weekly report on the status
of the lawn. “We know that the Australian and New Zealand authorities are
very strict with the grass, and of course, they have to check before we
come if everything's OK,” said the Captain. The lawn is a source of pride
for Asproudas, so when there are problems with it, he says, “It brings me
some sad feelings, but I need to be strong, because I know that it will北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
recover within one week.” All of the crew's hard work to maintain the
“backyard” is appreciated by its many guests, including some that say the
Celebrity Solstice's lawn is better than theirs at home.
Though the option of walking barefoot through a grassy field on a
moving cruise ship seems terrific, there are many other ships that are
trying to outdo one another with even more surprising guest options.
1.What is a special challenge that the lawn faces?
A.Bad weather.
B.Salt water.
C.Rare soil.
D.Strict restrictions.
2.What might be talked about if the passage is continued?
A.Efforts to maintain the lawn.
B.Other comments on the cruise.
C.Guest choices on some other cruises.
D.The crew members of the cruise.
3.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.The Advantages of a Cruise Ship.
B.A Cruise Ship that Has a Backyard.
C.The Building of a Special Cruise Ship.
D.A Cruise Ship that Protects the Environment.
答案
语篇解读 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科学与技术。文章讲述
了在一艘游船的甲板上首次用二氧化硅沙子种草。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的including “burns” from the salt water
可知,船上的草坪面临一些特殊的挑战,其中包括来自海水的灼伤。故选B。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,尽管在船上的草坪里赤脚走路的体验很棒,
但有许多其他的船只也在试图为顾客提供更惊人的选择。因此,接下来应该谈论其他游
船会提供什么样的“选择”。故选C。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.B 主旨要义题。根据全文结构可知,第一段提出话题: Celebrity Solstice成为第
一艘在船上种草的游船;接着具体写在游船上种草面临的困难等,最后提到游客对这一
做法的评价及其他游船的反应。因此,整篇文章就是在写一个带有“后院”的游船。故选
B。
Passage 23
Born on a farm in 1876, Mordecai Brown couldn't have imagined his life
as a Major League Baseball pitcher(投手). When he helped his parents at age
5, his right hand accidentally was caught in a corn harvester, losing parts
of two fingers or three fingers left. However, his disabled hand did not
keep him from doing what other boys of his age were doing, like playing
baseball.
While working as a coal miner in his twenties, Mordecai joined a
baseball team made up of fellow coal miners. In 1898, the team's pitcher
injured his arm. The manager ordered Mordecai to act as the pitcher.
Mordecai shook his head and held up his right hand as a reminder. But the
manager didn't care. “Since you have the best arm on the team, you will
have to pitch.”Finally, his team won the game nine to three.
In 1903, Mordecai Brown broke into Major League Baseball when he signed
with the St. Louis Cardinals. Only a year later, the management of the
Cardinals decided that Mordecai's disability would keep him from ever
becoming a star pitcher. They traded him to the Chicago Cubs.
On a sunny October afternoon in 1908, thousands of people went to New
York City's Polo Grounds to see the New York Giants and the Chicago Cubs
battle. Mordecai was not the pitcher at first. He watched as the chosen
starter faced the batters(击球员)for the New York Giants. Soon, the batters
were filling the bases.
Then, Mordecai was asked to be the pitcher. It seemed that the
unfavorable condition didn't affect him. He held the ball with his three
fingers firmly and let it go. Strike one!Strike two!Strike three!The batter北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
was out. And soon, the game was over. The Cubs beat the Giants, four to
two.
Mordecai went on to pitch, winning one game after another, and retired
after the 1916 season. In 1949, Mordecai entered the National Baseball Hall
of Fame in New York, earning him a well-deserved place in baseball history.
1.What can we learn about Mordecai from paragraph 1?
A.He was born in a peasant family.
B.He felt desperate to lose his fingers.
C.He ever dreamed to work on the farm.
D.He was afraid to get along with other boys.
2.How did Mordecai initially react to the manager's order?
A.He agreed with it.
B.He refused it.
C.He felt grateful about it.
D.He showed confidence in it.
3.In 1908, the performance of the chosen Cubs' starter .
A.was much worse than before
B.put the Cubs in the unfavorable condition
C.affected Mordecai's performance
D.contributed to the success of the match
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Born to Play
B.Fighting for Fame
C.A Three-fingered Star
D.The Most Pitiful Baseball Pitcher
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国历史上著名的三指投手Mordecai
Brown的故事。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知,Mordecai出生在一个农场,他的父母是
农民,故他出生于农民之家。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第四句可知,Mordecai最初拒绝了经理的命令。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段第二句中的关键词“the unfavorable
condition”可知,Cubs棒球队所选的先发投手的表现使得这个队处于劣势。
4.C 主旨要义题。根据第一段中的关键词“losing parts of two fingers”和最后一
段最后一句可知,虽然Mordecai的右手只有三根手指,但是他在棒球界的名声很棒,再
结合全文可知答案为C项。
高级语块 1.be made up of 由……组成
2.hold up举起;支撑;耽搁
3.unfavorable adj.不利的;令人不快的
Passage 24
The juries entered.
I stood beside the lawyer and my brother, Jimmy. It reminded me of our
childhood—as things often did—when we played the game “Simon Says”, we
would react at the same time in harmony when hearing all kinds of orders.
“Simon says jump, Simon says touch your toes”—it was almost the same.
Almost. When we grew up, my brother had chosen a separate life, leaving me
alone. I missed him a lot.
Today, though, we were together, standing in court, waiting for the
sentence.
The guilty verdict was read. I sat down, but my brother cried, “No!
I'm innocent.” And then he turned to me, yelling, “How can you do this to
me, James! I finally can make a new life by myself.”
“Stop this,” the judge yelled, “the juries have made the decision.”
“But it's not fair!” my brother replied, “I didn't kill anyone.”
I wished I could explain, but I said nothing because this is the only
way we can be together again.
The judge pulled his glasses from his face. “By law...”
“The law is unjust,” my brother said.
The judge wiped his eyes, and, to my surprise, said calmly. “Yes,” he
put his glasses aside. “I agree with you about that. Law is meant to
protect the innocent. And you certainly seem innocent. But how can I tell?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
You two are clones. Your faces, your fingerprints, even your DNA match
exactly. That's why when one is found guilty, all others...”
The judge sighed, replaced his glasses, and banged the hammer. “I
sentence you both to twenty years.”
Together, the court guard led us away. My brother's head bowed in
defeat, but I walked upright, for I would no longer be alone.
1.How did James think of their childhood?
A.He felt sorry for Jimmy.
B.He had been in court before.
C.He felt guilty about his past.
D.He missed the good old days.
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A.The two boys had nothing in common.
B.The two brothers behaved alike.
C.They once quarreled with each other.
D.Neither of them liked living together.
3.What do we know about the law from the text?
A.Cloned brothers should live together.
B.The cloning of human beings is forbidden.
C.Cloned brothers are both guilty if one is guilty.
D.Cloned brothers can live apart when growing up.
4.What can be inferred from the text?
A.James was innocent.
B.Jimmy did kill someone.
C.James knew nothing about the law.
D.James took advantage of the law.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会文化。文章主要
讲述了詹姆斯利用法律会判处相同的克隆人都有罪的规定,将自己的哥哥吉米和自己同
时被判入狱,从而达到和哥哥再次在一起的目的。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,当我们长大后,我哥哥选择了单独生活,留下我一个
人。我很想念他。由此可知,詹姆斯怀念童年的美好时光。故选D项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“when we played the game ‘Simon Says’, we
would react at the same time in harmony when hearing all kinds of orders.”
可知当我们玩“Simon Says”游戏时,听到各种指令时,我们会同时做出一致的反应。由
此可知,这两兄弟的行为很像。故选B项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“You two are clones. Your faces, your
fingerprints, even your DNA match exactly. That's why when one is found
guilty, all others...(你们俩是克隆人。你们的脸,你们的指纹,甚至你们的DNA都完
全吻合。这就是为什么当一个人被判有罪,其他所有人……)”以及倒数第二段中“I
sentence you both to twenty years.(我判你们俩二十年徒刑)”可知,法律规定,如
果克隆兄弟中有一人有罪,那么两人都有罪。故选C。
4.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“I wished I could explain, but I said
nothing because this is the only way we can be together again.(我希望我能解
释,但我什么也没说,因为只有这样我们才能再次在一起)”,再结合后文法官判他们两
人都要入狱,可知詹姆斯为了和哥哥在一起,利用法律中“克隆兄弟中有一人有罪,那么
两人都有罪”的规定,让自己和哥哥同时被判入狱。故选D项。
Passage 25
As the world's population continues to increase, so does the amount of
global waste people produce. According to data collected by the World Bank
Group, nations will generate 4 billion tons of waste annually by the year
2100. The pollution from trash is not only ruining the world's oceans, air
and soil but endangering all living creatures.
For years government agencies have been telling citizens to live a
zero-waste lifestyle. Traditionally, manufacturers would make a product to
be used and thrown by consumers. This linear model of production offered no
help in the fight against global waste. Alternatively, a circular economy
has been introduced. This is a system which aims to minimize waste and
restore used materials. Once a product's value is exhausted, the materials
are recycled and returned to manufacturers. The outcome is less waste.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
In 2016, The Wall Street Journal reported on Taiwan Island's recycling
success rate in an article titled The World's Geniuses of Garbage Disposal.
In 1997, Taiwan established its signature 4-in-1 Recycling Program,
consisting of communities, recycling enterprises, government cleaning teams
and the Recycling Fund. Residents separate their recyclable waste and bring
it to their community's recycling locations. The local government
collection teams and private collectors collect it. Recycling companies buy
waste materials from them to generate profits. Importers and manufacturers
who are responsible for the recyclable products pay a fee into the
Recycling Fund. The Recycling Fund is an essential aspect of the program
used to subsidize (资助) the recycling disposal system, support education,
research and development as well as finance recycling efforts in the
future.
By following a circular system, more products than ever are being
manufactured using recycled materials. For example, used tires can be
recovered to pave roads, while plastic is reused to make new plastic
products. And it also helps to conserve natural resources, reduce
pollution, save landfill space and even create new job opportunities.
1.Why has a circular economy been introduced?
A.The population is on the rise.
B.It can help handle global waste.
C.The living creatures on the earth are getting less diverse.
D.Traditional products are not environmentally friendly.
2.What can we learn about the 4-in-1 Recycling Program?
A.The recyclable materials can be collected officially or privately.
B.The importers and manufacturers cover the costs of the program.
C.Recycling companies buy waste materials from the residents.
D.The government invests money as the recycling fund.
3.What's the effect of the circular system?
A.It will cause no waste or pollution.
B.It reduces the costs of the products.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.It helps lower the unemployment rate.
D.All the materials can be recycled again.
4.Which of the following does the text suggest?
A.Do nothing by halves.
B.All that glisters isn't gold.
C.Actions speak louder than words.
D.One man's trash is another man's treasure.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然。文章介绍了一种新的循环体系。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的This is a system which aims to minimize
waste and restore used materials.可知,这种体系有助于应对全球垃圾。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The local government collection teams and
private collectors collect it.可知,可循环使用的废弃物是由政府和个人共同收集
的。故选A 项。
3.C 推理判断题。由文中最后一句中even create new job opportunities可知,循环
体系可以创造新的工作机会,有助于降低失业率。故选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。本文主要讲述了对于废弃物的回收和循环利用,在某些方面看似无用
的垃圾可能会被很好地利用在其他方面,故选D 项。A:不要半途而废;B:发光的未必都
是金子;C:事实胜于雄辩。
高级语块 1.annually adv.每年地
2.alternatively adv.要不然;或者
3.exhausted adj.用完的;耗尽的;枯竭的
4.consist of 由……组成;包括
长难句 As the world's population continues to increase, so does the amount
of global waste people produce. 随着世界人口的继续增加,人们制造的全球的垃圾
数量也在增加。
本句为主从复合句。连词As引导状语从句;people produce为定语从句,修饰先行词
global waste,定语从句省略了关系代词that或which。
Passage 26北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth,
England, to North America and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled
water and plastic-wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be
around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn
all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating
around the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish, and
finally perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn't invented until the early 20th century, and its
production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion
tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have
become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made
it to a recycling bin—the figure that shocked the scientists who published
the numbers in 2017.
No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean,
the earth's last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, a University of Georgia
engineering professor, caught everyone's attention with a rough estimate:
Between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just
come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋
的)animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are
known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by
abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly.
Marine species of all sizes, from plankton to whales, now eat
microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.
“This isn't a problem where we don't know what the solution is,” says
Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years
working with developing nations on garbage. “We know how to pick up
garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to
recycle.” It's a matter of building the necessary institutions and北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of
plastic.
1.Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1?
A.To prove plastic was difficult to invent.
B.To introduce what marine animals like eating.
C.To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to marine protection.
D.To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.
2.What's the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?
A.Lacking protection.
B.Being stuck by plastics.
C.Being caught by humans.
D.Treating plastics as food.
3.What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A.Some people don't know the solution to plastic waste.
B.Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.
C.It's time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.
D.People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.
4.From which is the text probably taken?
A.A biology textbook.
B.A travel brochure.
C.An environmental report.
D.A lifestyle magazine.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自然。文章主要介绍了如今塑料垃圾已经
严重地污染了我们的环境,尤其是海洋环境,人类应该采取错误改变这一现状。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中And those bits might still be floating around
the world's oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oysters, and
finally perhaps by one of us.可知,作者在第一段中提到Pilgrims是为了表明塑料
垃圾对海洋有持久的影响。故选D项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton
to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an
inch across.可知,海洋动物面临的主要问题是把塑料当作食物。故选D项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It's a matter of building the necessary
institutions and systems ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of
plastic.”可知,Ted Siegler想告诉我们是采取措施处理塑料垃圾的时候了。故选C项。
4.C 推理判断题。文章主要是关于海洋垃圾和海洋生物保护的,由此可推知这篇文章可
能来自一份环境报告。故选C项。
高级语块 1.take off突然大受欢迎;迅速流行
2.recycle v.回收利用;再利用
3.estimate n.估计;估价
长难句 If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from
Plymouth, England, to North America—and their Mayflower had been stocked
with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would
likely still be around four centuries later. 如果塑料是在清教徒前辈移民从英
格兰普利茅斯航行到北美时发明的——而且他们的五月花号上装满了瓶装水和塑料包
装的零食,那么他们的塑料废物可能在四个世纪后仍然存在。
本句为主从复合句。句中连词If引导条件状语从句,该从句中第一个连词and连接两个
并列分句,在第一个分句中连词when引导时间状语从句。
Passage 27
Americans are worried about new technology. They are concerned that
machines, including robots, will take over work now done by humans. These
findings come from a new report by the Pew Research Center of Washington
D.C.
About 75 percent of Americans questioned by Pew say automation will
increase income inequality between the rich and the middle class and the
poor. And 64 percent of people expect automation to be so common in America
that people will face difficulty finding things to do with their lives.
Some of the concerns about technology come from a distrust about
whether machines will always make the right decision. Many Americans北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
believe humans have better judgment in dealing with complex matters. One
example is selecting a person for a job. Three quarters of Americans say
they will not want to apply for a job that uses a computer program to
choose the most qualified person.
Most Americans want the government to limit automation, for example, 87
percent support a requirement that all driverless vehicles have a human in
the driver's seat who can take control when needed. And 85 percent want to
limit machines to mostly doing jobs that are dangerous or unhealthy for
humans. And only 25 percent expect more jobs to come from automation.
Mark Zuckerberg, the co-founder of Facebook, spoke last May to
graduating seniors from Harvard University in Massachusetts.His talk
centered on the uncertain future facing young people.“Our generation will
have to deal with tens of millions of jobs replaced by automation like
self-driving cars and trucks,” Zuckerberg told the graduates. Zuckerberg
said young people would have to find projects that would bring both jobs
and direct benefits to the people of the world. He said in his speech that
300,000 people worked to put a man on the moon, and millions of people
built the Hoover Dam as well as other great projects over the last 100
years.
1.What do Americans think of technology?
A.Useful.
B.Effective.
C.Dangerous.
D.Undependable.
2.Which of the following do the majority of Americans want the government
to do?
A.Use machines to do dangerous and harmful jobs.
B.Increase job chances by introducing machines.
C.Select a person for a job by the computer.
D.Get rid of all driverless vehicles.
3.What did Zuckerberg encourage the students to do?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.Refuse self-driving vehicles.
B.Create new job chances.
C.Consider large projects.
D.Fight against robots.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.New Technology Creates More Jobs
B.New Technology Makes New Unfairness
C.Americans Worry Robots Will Take Jobs
D.Robots Make Work Easy to Do for Workers
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了美国人担心随着科技发展机器人会代替人类工作,增加富人、
中产阶级和穷人之间的收入差距,主张政府限制机器人的社会现象。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Americans are worried about new
technology.”、第二段中“About 75 percent of Americans questioned by Pew
say...and the poor.”、第三段中“Some of the concerns about technology come
from a distrust about whether machines will always make the right
decision.”和第四段中“Most Americans want the government to limit
automation...”等信息可知美国人对科技的态度,他们担心新技术带来的变化,认为自
动化将增加富人、中产阶级和穷人之间的收入差距,主张限制自动化。由以上观点可以看
出美国人认为科技是不可信赖的,故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“And 85 percent want to limit machines to
mostly doing jobs that are dangerous or unhealthy for humans.”可知多数美国
人希望政府让机器人从事一些危险或对人类不健康的工作,故选A项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“His talk centered on the uncertain future
facing young people.‘Our generation will have to deal with tens of
millions of jobs replaced by automation like self-driving cars and
trucks,’”和“Zuckerberg said young people would have to find projects
that would bring both jobs and direct benefits to the people of the
world.”可知Zuckerberg认为年轻人必须面对许多工作自动化的现实并寻找能给世界
人民带来工作和直接利益的项目。故选B项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.C 主旨要义题。根据第一段“Americans are worried about new technology.
They are concerned that machines, including robots, will take over work now
done by humans.”和下面每段中心句可知美国人担心随着科技发展,机器人会代替人
类的工作,增加富人、中产阶级和穷人之间的收入差距。Americans Worry Robots Will
Take Jobs概括了全文内容,适合作为文章标题。故选C项。
高级语块 1.take over 接替;接任;接管;接手
2.automation n.自动化
3.center on 以……为中心;重点在于……;主要与……有关
长难句 Zuckerberg said young people would have to find projects that would
bring both jobs and direct benefits to the people of the world. 扎克伯格说,
年轻人必须找到能给世界人民带来就业和直接利益的项目。
本句为主从复合句。句中said后为宾语从句,在从句中that引导定语从句,其先行词为
projects。
Passage 28
Solar power is helping bring about a future of cleaner energy, but
there are limits to where rigid solar panels (刚性太阳能电池板)can go. A
new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite (钙钛矿) can
go almost anywhere, says physicist Olga Malinkiewicz. We can use perovskite
cells on the surfaces of the building, on the roofs of the buildings, on
the roofs of the cars and on the electronic devices. We can use it on the
sails. We can use it in the balls, tents and unlimited applications.
Malinkiewicz says perovskite has become a favorite among solar panel
researchers. Because it can be printed, everyone can use it on every
surface.
Malinkiewicz developed a way to print perovskite panels like an inkjet
printer. She co-founded a company to produce them, called Soleil
Technologies, after the Baltic sun goddess. Construction company Skanska is
testing the panels at their Warsaw headquarters. Adam Targowski is
sustainable(可持续的)development manager for Skanska. They work perfectly,
even when they are not well exposed to sunlight. So we can use them on all北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
surfaces of the building. Soleil calculates that about one square meter of
panel can supply a day's worth of power for one worker's computer and
lights. And they keep getting better as research continues, says the
company's scientific director Konrad Wojciechowski.
For other technologies, it took decades to really enter markets.
Perovskite has been around only for few years in scientific research, so
there is still a lot to be done, but potential is basically pretty much
unlimited, I think. There is still durability and other problems to work
out, but several companies expect to have perovskite panels on the market
this year.
1.What do we know about perovskite solar cell from the first paragraph?
A.It's delicate.
B.It's complex.
C.It's flexible.
D.It's expensive.
2.What does the underlined word “They” in the second paragraph refer to?
A.Skanska and Adam Targowski.
B.Malinkiewicz and Skanska.
C.Soleil Technologies.
D.Perovskite panels.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.It needs years to put perovskite panels into markets.
B.Scientists think perovskite panels are ready for markets.
C.Perovskite has been studied for decades.
D.Perovskite panels will soon be seen in the market.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain how to use perovskite panels.
B.To introduce perovskite panels.
C.To advertise a new solar power cell.
D.To propose scientists to further study perovskite cells.
答案北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
[语篇解读] 本文是科技说明文。介绍了一种新型的太阳能电池板。
1.C 细节理解题。由第一段的描述可知,这种太阳能电池的使用范围非常广泛,具有很
强的灵活性。故选C。
2.D 猜测词义题。该段说明的对象是perovskite panels,结合后面的描述可确定选D。
3.D 推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句中的several companies expect to have
perovskite panels on the market this year可知,这种太阳能电池今年有望进入市
场。故选D。
4.B 推理判断题。文章围绕perovskite panels展开说明,最后一段提及其市场前景。
因此可见本文重点介绍了perovskite panels。故选B。
高级语块 1.solar power n.太阳能
2.electronic device电子设备
3.potential n.潜力
长难句 Solar power is helping bring about a future of cleaner energy, but
there are limits to where rigid solar panels can go.太阳能有助于成就一个能
源更加清洁的未来,但刚性太阳能电池板的使用场景有很多限制。
本句话是but连接的并列复合句。前后分句之间是转折关系,后面分句中的where引导
宾语从句,作介词to的宾语。
