北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
专题九 主旨大意
题组一 段首或文章大意
Passage 1(2020课标全国Ⅱ,B) 词数 261
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,
but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young
children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between
ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a
significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in
parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during
everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and
46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on
tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said
in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,
and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-
income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both
boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys
tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided
more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of
girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A.Building confidence.
B.Developing spatial skills.
C.Learning self-control.
D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?
A.Parents' age.
B.Children's imagination.
C.Parents' education.
D.Child-parent relationship.
3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?
A.They play with puzzles more often.
B.They tend to talk less during the game.
C.They prefer to use more spatial language.
D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A mathematical method.
B.A scientific study.
C.A woman psychologist.
D.A teaching program.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是完善自我。文章介
绍了益智游戏可以更好地培养孩子的空间技巧。本文旨在说明益智游戏对孩子空间能力发
展的重要性。
1.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:儿童在哪个方面能从益智游戏中受益?根据第二段的第一
句话(芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学家苏珊·莱文发现,在2岁至4岁之间玩益智游
戏的儿童在以后会发展更好的空间技能)可知B项(发展空间技能)正确。A:建立信心;C:学习
自我控制;D:获得高科技知识。
2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:当莱文设计她的实验时,她将什么考虑在内了?根据第二
段的最后一句话(莱文说,在参照了父母的收入、教育程度和家长谈话量的差异后,益智游戏
被发现是认知能力的一个重要预测因素)可知C项(父母的教育)正确。A:父母的年龄;B:孩子
们的想象力;D:孩子与父母之间的关系。
3.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在益智游戏中,男孩和女孩有何不同?根据第五段的最后
一句话(然而,男孩比女孩更倾向于玩更复杂的益智游戏,而且男孩的父母比女孩的父母提供
更多的空间语言,并且在益智游戏中更活跃)可知D项(他们可能会玩更难的益智游戏)正确。
A:他们更经常玩益智游戏;B:他们往往在游戏中更少说话;C:他们更喜欢使用更多的空间语北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
言。
4.B 主旨要义题。本题题干意为:这篇文章主要是关于什么的?根据文章第一段和第三段出
现的researchers,第二段出现的psychologist、expert以及最后一段出现的findings、
published、the journal Developmental Science可知B项(一项科学研究)正确。A:一个数
学方法;C:一个女心理学家;D:一个教学大纲。
长难句 Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young
children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between
ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学
家苏珊·莱文发现,在2岁至4岁之间玩益智游戏的儿童在以后会发展更好的空间技能。
本句是一个主从复合句。句中 an expert on mathematics development in young
children at the University of Chicago是Psychologist Susan Levine的同位语;who play
with puzzles between ages 2 and 4为定语从句。
Passage 2(2020天津,C改编) 词数414
For people who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is
definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of
recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their
knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products
based on the phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.
The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a
special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the
ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发
射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a
person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into
the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.
Let's say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is
humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are
about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get
rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming
sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each
other out. Simply turn the machine on, point it at the target, and your peace and
quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the
same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one
section of a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted
area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it
offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along
with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the
atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in
shopping centers and even at homes.
1.What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?
A.It causes temporary hearing loss.
B.It slows down a running man.
C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect.
D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
2.The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to .
A.silence the people around you
B.remove the sound of commercials
C.block the incoming sound waves
D.stop unwanted sound from affecting you
3.What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?
A.They travel in circles.
B.They clear the atmosphere.
C.They can be transformed into energy.
D.They can be directed onto a specific area.
4.What does the passage focus on?
A.How professionals invented sound products.
B.Inventions in the field of sound technology.
C.The growing interest in the study of sound.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.How sound engineers work in their studios.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是对声音的各种应用。
文章介绍了声音在实际生活中的新运用。本文旨在让学生了解对声音的有效利用方面的知
识。
1.A 推理判断题。 本题题干意为:从第二段可以推断出LRAD的影响是什么?第二段第一句
是本段的主题句,意为:声音可以被用作一种武器。根据第二段倒数第二句 It produces a
deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.(它产生一种震耳欲
聋的声音,让人如此痛苦以至于会暂时听不见声音)可知A项(它导致暂时的听觉丧失)是正
确的。B:它会使一个跑步的人速度减慢;C:它使识别嫌疑犯变得容易;D:它会阻止嫌疑犯伤
害他人。
2.D 细节理解题。 本题题干意为:无声机器是一种被专门设计用来 的装置。根据第三
段第一句For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.
(对于那些渴望安静的人来说,声音现在可以创造出寂静)可知D项(阻止不想要的声音影响
你)是正确的。A:使你周围的人沉默;B:去除广告的声音;C:阻挡进来的声波。
3.D 细节理解题。 本题题干意为:“spotsounds”和“spotlights”有什么共同特征?根据文章
最后一段第二句 A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a
“spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.(聚光灯只照亮舞台的一部
分;同样地,“spotsound”在一个目标区域创造出一个声圈)可知D项(它们都能被对准一个特
定的区域)是正确的。
4.B 主旨要义题。 本题题干意为:这篇文章的重点是什么?根据文章第一段(主题段)可知,
现在许多研究声音的专业人士和其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验,创造出新的产
品,再由下面每一段的第一句话可知,本文的中心内容是声音在实际生活中的各种应用。
长难句 In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios,
but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience
with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we
call sound.在过去,音响师们在录音棚的密室里工作,但现在许多声音方面的专业人士和其
他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验,从而根据我们称作声音的现象创造出新的产品。
本句是一个并列复合句,由but连接前后两个分句。to create new products based on
the phenomenon we call sound 是目的状语,其中 we call sound 是定语从句,修饰北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
phenomenon。
Passage 3(2018北京,C) 词数 345
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of
that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.
So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer
may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax
moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left
100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms
consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the
worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the
researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14
hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by
enzymes(酶)from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current
Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms' ability to break
down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a
complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is
there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this
bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not
involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down
polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking
down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause
of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the
enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in
some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the
plastic.”
1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A.identify other means of the breakdown
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the research findings
D.increase the breakdown speed
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A.help to raise worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be used to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To present a way to break down plastics.
D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了大蜡螟的幼虫,它胃中的酶可以降解塑料。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“the worms of the greater wax moth can
break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics”以及下面的“and the
worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it”可知,本题选择C
项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句“The next step, DeBruyn says, will be
to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or
by its gut microbes?”可知,本题选择B项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“But she expects using the chemical in
some kind of industrial process...”可以推断出,将来这种化学物质可能会在工厂被生产,
故选择D项。
4.C 主旨要义题。文章第一段最后一句话提出有一种除去塑料垃圾的方法,下文一直围绕
这种方法展开说明,故选择C项。
Passage 4(2017浙江,A) 词数 326
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he
was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him
he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels
nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the
family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat
began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was
forced to admit what he had been doing.
Th e ca t ' s lo t wa s abou t t o improve . That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr.
Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went
home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six
engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and
brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another
visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's
parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.
The boy began a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter,
came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic
books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read
only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
companions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he
understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical
paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A.Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.
B.Williams' influence on Benjamin.
C.The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.
D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A.The cat would be closely watched.
B.The cat would get some medical care.
C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B.He provided him with painting materials.
C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D.He taught him how to make engravings.
4.Williams' two books helped Benjamin to .
A.master the use of paints
B.appreciate landscape paintings
C.get to know other painters
D.make up his mind to be a painter
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。Benjamin 小时候喜欢画画,而且很有天赋。在他的堂兄和
一位知名画家的影响下,他立志成为一名画家。
1.C 主旨要义题。本文讲述了美国画家Benjamin West小时候的画画经历及他是如何立志
成为一名画家的,故选C。
2.D 推理判断题。本句前面的内容是他被迫承认了他在猫的身上薅毛做画笔的事,后面讲
到他的堂兄送给他真正的颜料和画笔。而此句的意思是“猫的命运将得到改善”。由此推断
此句暗示“他将很快得到真正的画笔”。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.B 细节理解题。由文章的第三段可知,Benjamin的堂兄Pennington给他提供了颜料和画
笔;由第五段可知Pennington给他提供了创作油画的材料,故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知Williams给了他两本有关画画的经典著作,但是
他其实不是很懂,不过却爱不释手。同时从最后一句“The nine-year-old boy decided then
that he would be an artist.”也可以看出这两本书帮助他下定决心成为一名画家。
长难句 While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his
introduction to classical paintings.虽然他可能对那两本书的内容理解不了多少,但是
那两本书让他初次接触了古典画。
本句为复合句,其中While it is likely that he understood very little of the books
为让步状语从句;该从句中含有一个 it is likely that...结构。they were his
introduction to classical paintings为主句。
Passage 5(2017天津,A)话题:电子邮件问题 难度:易 词数:307
Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and
you send an email that could get you in trouble.
Realisation will probably set in seconds after you've clicked “send”. You freeze
in horror and burn with shame.
What to do?Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.
Clicking “send”too soon
Don't waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write
another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that
this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.
Writing the wrong name
The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologising for
your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don't handle it too lightly, as people can be
offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their
culture(i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).
Clicking “reply all”unintentionally
You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would
prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you'd like to take. In this
instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts
hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance,
step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.
Sending an offensive message to its subject
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind
message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to
the person you're discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as
possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an
opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.
1.After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel .
A.curious B.tired
C.awful D.funny
2.If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to .
A.apologise in a serious manner
B.tell the receiver to ignore the error
C.learn to write the name correctly
D.send a short notice to everyone
3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply
all”email?
A.Try offering other choices.
B.Avoid further involvement.
C.Meet other staff members.
D.Make a light-hearted apology.
4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?
A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.
B.By seeking support from the receiver's friends.
C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.
D.By talking to the receiver face to face.
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Defining email errors.
B.Reducing email mistakes.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.Handling email accidents.
D.Improving email writing.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。在日常生活中你可能会不经意发错电子邮件,造成不必要
的尴尬或冒犯到别人。本文就这个问题提出了几种解决办法。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “You freeze in horror and burn with shame.”可知,在
你意识到发错了邮件时,你会惊恐地愣住,羞得脸颊发烫。由此可知你会感觉很糟糕。
curious 好奇的;tired劳累的;awful糟糕的;funny 滑稽的。
2.A 推理判断题。根据Writing the wrong name部分中的“Respond quickly and briefly,
apologising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured:don't handle it too lightly”可
以推断出,在写错名字时,要立即道歉,并且说话的语调要有分寸,不能太轻率,也就是你要严
肃认真地道歉,所以答案为A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据 Clicking “reply all” unintentionally 部分中的 “In this
instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.”可以推断出,出
现这种情况时,你要离开键盘,让每个人都冷静下来,也就是不要继续参与讨论,所以答案为
B项。
4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 “In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as
possible and say sorry.”可知,出现这种情况时,要亲自向收件人道歉,所以答案为D项。
5.C 主旨大意题。根据第三段 “What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and
how to recover.”可知,本文的主题就是当发错邮件时你应该如何补救。本文列举了四种常见
的错误以及相应的补救措施,所以答案为C项。
高级词块 1.freeze/friːz/ vi.(因害怕等)停住不动;惊呆;吓呆
2.version/ˈvɜːʃn/ n.版本 3.frustration/frʌˈstreɪʃn/ n.沮丧;懊恼
Passage 6(2017北京,C)话题:科普知识 难度:中 词数:358
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more,
was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR
vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-
vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year,
115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last
year.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous
trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a
whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the
people who get hurt easily, including those who can't be vaccinated for medical
reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't
work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some
refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even
bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from
Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to
Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real
but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of
what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.
Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing
a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for
opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious
reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving
benefits vaccines provide, but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the
risks.
1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .
A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D.information about measles spreads quickly
2.Herd immunity works well when .北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.exemptions are allowed
B.several vaccines are used together
C.the whole neighborhood is involved in
D.new regulations are added to the state laws
3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A.The overuse of vaccine.
B.The lack of medical care.
C.The features of measles itself.
D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce the idea of exemption.
B.To discuss methods to cure measles.
C.To stress the importance of vaccination.
D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。题材为科普知识类。14年前因为疫苗的使用,麻疹病在美
国几乎消失了。但是最近,美国麻疹病例的数量却呈小幅上升趋势,这无疑给人们敲响了警
钟。
1.A 推理判断题。文章第一段讲的是由于反疫苗运动,麻疹病卷土重来;再根据第二段第一
句可知,麻疹病例的数量听起来不多,但是它们却是一种危险趋势的开始。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,群体免疫力只有在几乎整个群体都进行了疫苗
免疫后才能起作用,故选C项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句及倒数第三、四段的内容可知选D项。
4.C 主旨大意题。作者通过讲述日益增长的反疫苗运动以及一些州政府法律对于疫苗豁免
权的不限制,分析了美国麻疹病例的数量呈小幅上升趋势的原因,由此向读者强调接种疫苗
的重要性,故选C项。
高级词块 1.make a comeback卷土重来 2.break down垮掉;失败;坏掉 3.object to反
对
Passage 7(2016浙江,C)
A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his
food might seem to have little in common.After all, the scientist is engaged in北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is,
well, just playing...right?Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists(心理学
家)have argued that this “play” is more like a scientific investigation than one
might think.
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is
pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground—and, in the process, it brings
out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice
do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable.It is likely that
babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe;nor are they ever clearly
taught it.Instead, babies may from an understanding of object support through
repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how
objects interact.Though their ranges and tools differ, the baby's investigation and
the scientist's experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural
world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic(are
my observations what I expected?).
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the
physical world in this way—that they investigate human psychology and the rules of
language using similar means.For example, it may only be through repeated
experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will
come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from
what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesn't like Dove
chocolate.
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how
children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do
young children and scientists seem to be so much alike?Psychologists have suggested
that science as an effort—the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world
—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided
human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult
scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same
cognitive( 认 知 的 ) systems that make young children feel good about figuring北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put
it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big
children.”
1.According to some developmental psychologists, .
A.a baby's play is nothing more than a game
B.scientific research into babies' games is possible
C.the nature of babies' play has been thoroughly investigated
D.a baby's play is somehow similar to a scientist's experiment
2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .
A.scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B.scientists and babies often interact with each other
C.babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
3.Children may learn the rules of language by .
A.exploring the physical world
B.investigating human psychology
C.repeating their own experiments
D.observing their parents' behaviors
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.The world may be more clearly explained through children's play.
B.Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D.One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
5.What is the author's tone when he discusses the connection between scientists'
research and babies' play?
A.Convincing.
B.Confused.
C.Confident
D.Cautious.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,科学家的工作过程与婴儿的玩耍过程看似毫不相干,但通过对北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
比论证,作者认为这两者之间有着惊人的相似之处。儿童探索世界、探究人类心理与学习语
言的过程都与科学家的研究过程存在共性。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句,有些发展心理学家认为,玩耍比我们想象的更像是一
次科学调查。故选D。A项与原文背道而驰;B项原文中没有提及;C项thoroughly有误。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知婴儿像科学家一样,都收集证据。故选D。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知儿童通过这种方式(调查实验的方式)不仅学习了
物质世界,同时也了解了人类的心理和语言的规则。in this way和similar means都指上文
的实验调查方法,故答案选C。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据第四段,把童年的发展看成科学的研究阐明了儿童是如何学习的,但
同时它也提供了一个新的角度去看待科学与科学家。科学家和婴儿都利用好奇心和天性去
探究世界。由此可知,研究婴儿的游戏可能会对科学有更好的理解。故选B。
5.D 推理判断题。纵观全文,尤其根据第一段最后一句,玩耍会更像科学研究,第二段中的
appear to,第四段中的have suggested(暗示表明了);perhaps; may have been adopted(很
有可能被采用)可知,作者步步为营,小心求证儿童的玩耍和科学家做实验的相似之处,论述
的语气比较谨慎,故答案选D。
Passage 8(2016江苏,B)
Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to
protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they
have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for
themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children,
who are able from a young age to gather their own food.
In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in
a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a
plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random
—he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly
selfish.
Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest
ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in
achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this
cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door,
almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are
not taught,but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts
appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children
to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the
children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in
children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills, at least when compared with
chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the
chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the
social world.
The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls
shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know
or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared
purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a
shared goal.
1.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?
A.Chimps seldom care about others' interests.
B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.
C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.
D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.
2.Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they .
A.have the instinct to help others
B.know how to offer help to adults
C.know the world better than chimps
D.trust adults with their hands full
3.The passage is mainly about .
A.the helping behaviors of young children
B.ways to train children's shared intentionality
C.cooperation as a distinctive human nature
D.the development of intelligence in children北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作和分享,这是人的本
性。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项正确。
其中C项干扰性较大,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。
2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句得知小孩帮助他人是出于本能,故A项正确。B
项太片面;C、D两项文中没提到。
3.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别人合
作是人独有的本能。A项干扰性较大,文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。
Passage 9(2015重庆,A)
At thirteen,I was diagnosed(诊断)with a kind of attention disorder.It made
school difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks,I could
not.
In my first literature class,Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on
it,all within 45 minutes.I raised my hand right away and said,“Mrs.Smith,you see,the
doctor said I have attention problems.I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses,“You are no different from your
classmates,young man.”
I tried,but I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom,the story suddenly all became clear to me.It was
about a blind person,Louis Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get
much education.But Louis didn't give up.Instead,he invented a reading system of
raised dots(点),which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn't I the “blind”in my class,being made to learn like the“sighted”students?My
thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40
minutes.Indeed,I was no different from others;I just needed a quieter place.If Louis
could find his way out of his problems,why should I ever give up?
I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith,so it was quite a
surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an“A”on it.At the bottom of the
paper were these words:“See what you can do when you keep trying?”北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.The author didn't finish the reading in class because .
A.he was new to the class
B.he was tired of literature
C.he had an attention disorder
D.he wanted to take the task home
2.What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?
A.He had good sight.
B.He made a great invention.
C.He gave up reading.
D.He learned a lot from school.
3.What was Mrs.Smith's attitude to the author at the end of the story?
A.Angry.
B.Impatient.
C.Sympathetic.
D.Encouraging.
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.The disabled should be treated with respect.
B.A teacher can open up a new world to students.
C.One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.
D.Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为学校生活类。文章讲述了作者被诊断患有“注意力紊
乱”,导致作者在学校不能很好地完成各项学习任务,后来在Smith老师的帮助和引导下克
服了困难,很好地完成了阅读任务,让作者从故事和自身经历中明白了“努力就可以创造奇
迹”。
1.C 细节理解题。由文章第一段第一句可知答案。
2.B 细节理解题。由Instead,he invented a reading system of raised dots(点),which
opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.可知B项正确。
3.D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段Smith老师给作者评定作业等级为A以及她所写下的
“See what you can do when you keep trying?”可知Smith老师对于作者的态度应该是“鼓
励的”。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.C 主旨大意题。本文主要通过作者的亲身经历讲述“努力可以帮助一个人克服困难”。
Passage 10(2015重庆,B)
In ancient Egypt,a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his
shop simply by making changes to its environment.Modern businesses have been
following his lead,with more tactics(策略).
One tactic involves where to display the goods.For example,stores place fruits
and vegetables in the first section.They know that customers who buy the healthy food
first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food(垃圾食品)later in their
trip.In department stores,the women's shoe section is generally next to the women's
cosmetics(化妆品)section:while the shop assistant is going back to find the right
size shoe,bored customers are likely to wander over and find some cosmetics they
might want to try later.
Besides,businesses seek to appeal to customers' senses.Stores notice that the
smell of baked goods encourages shopping,so they make their own bread each morning
and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day.Music sells
goods,too.Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played,sales of
French wines went up.
When it comes to the selling of houses,businesses also use highly rewarding
tactics.They find that customers make decisions in the first few seconds upon
walking in the door,and turn it into a business opportunity.A California builder
designed the structure of its houses smartly.When entering the house,the customer
would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows,and then the pool through an open
stairway leading to the lower level.The instant view of water on both levels helped
sell these $10 million houses.
1.Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?
A.To save customers time.
B.To show they are high quality foods.
C.To help sell junk food.
D.To sell them at discount prices.
2.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following encourages customers to buy?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.Opening the store early in the morning.
B.Displaying British wines next to French ones.
C.Inviting customers to play music.
D.Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.
3.What is the California builder's story intended to prove?
A.The house structure is a key factor customers consider.
B.The more costly the house is,the better it sells.
C.An ocean view is much to the customers' taste.
D.A good first impression increases sales.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.
B.To introduce how businesses have grown from the past.
C.To report researches on customer behavior.
D.To show dishonest business practices.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为历史与社会类。在古埃及,有位店主发现只需改变店铺
的环境就可以把顾客吸引过来,而现代的商界也追随他的脚步,采用了更多的销售策略。
1.C 细节理解题。由第二段中的 They know that customers who buy the healthy food
first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food...可以看出商家首先展示水
果、蔬菜的真正目的是促销他们的垃圾食品。
2.D 细节理解题。第三段主要讲商家通过感官来吸引顾客。他们每天早上会烤好面包,让面
包的气味整整一天都弥漫在店铺里面,以此来刺激顾客的购买欲望。
3.D 推理判断题。最后一段指出,顾客往往在进入房间的最初几秒会作出决定,商人把这变
为商机。加利福尼亚的建筑师让顾客第一眼看到的是太平洋和游泳池,这帮他销售了1,000
万美元的房子,由此证明如果给顾客的第一印象好的话就有助于增加销量。
4.A 主旨大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要介绍了商家促销的几种策略,包括商品摆放、感
官影响和第一印象。A项“解释商家如何把人们变为自己的顾客”符合文章的写作目的。
Passage 11(2015天津,B)
Whether in the home or the workplace,social robots are going to become a lot more
common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the
everyday world in a more humanized way,said Cynthia Breazeal,chief scientist at the北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework,social robots will be much
more like companions than mere tools.For example,these robots will be able to
distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more
appropriately to the user.
The Jibo robot,arranged to ship later this year,is designed to be a personalized
assistant.You can talk to the robot,ask it questions,and make requests for it to
perform different tasks.The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to
questions;it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the
household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take
medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential
applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding
their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The
company's“Oshbot”robot is built to assist customers in a store,which can help the
customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the store.It
can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items
based on what the customer is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans,the more it learns.But
Oshbot,like other social robots,is not intended to replace workers,but to work
alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things
not for us,but with us,”said Breazeal.
1.How are social robots different from household robots?
A.They can control their emotions.
B.They are more like humans.
C.They do the normal housework.
D.They respond to users more slowly.
2.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?
A.Communicate with you and perform operations.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.Answer your questions and make requests.
C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.
D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.
3.What can Oshbot work as?
A.A language teacher.
B.A tour guide.
C.A shop assistant.
D.A private nurse.
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will .
A.train employees
B.be our workmates
C.improve technologies
D.take the place of workers
5.What does the passage mainly present?
A.A new design idea of household robots.
B.Marketing strategies for social robots.
C.Information on household robots.
D.An introduction to social robots.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。过不了几年,社交类机器人就会以更加人
性化的服务方式进入人们的日常生活。它们不仅是一种工具,而且会成为人们的朋友,根据
不同的人群提供不同的服务。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,如今家庭机器人可以做日常家务,但是社交类机器
人则更像是人类的朋友,而不仅仅是工具。例如,这些机器人可判断人的不同心情,从而做出
不同的反应。由此可推知与家庭机器人相比,这些机器人更像人类。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,你可以和这种机器人说话,问它问题,要求它去执
行各种任务,这种机器人不仅可以给出问题的一般答案,而且还会根据不同的家庭成员作出
不同的反应,如提醒老人吃药或者拍全家福等。D项中“服从命令”和“提醒吃药”都是这
种机器人可以胜任的。
3.C 细节理解题。由倒数第二段的“...is built to assist customers in a store...”可知,
Oshbot可以作为售货员,帮助顾客找到他们所需要的商品,并且还能根据顾客需要提出建议。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知,设计这种机器人不是用来替代工人的,而是和
其他工人一起工作的,因此它们会成为我们的同事。
5.D 主旨大意题。概括全文可知,本文主要介绍了社交类机器人,如为家庭提供人性化服务
的Jibo robot以及可作为售货员的Oshbot。
评析 本题难度适中。做主旨大意题时切不可“以偏概全”,应该从文章整体的角度进行概
括总结。本文第一段为主题段,social robots为文章中心词。注意 C项中的household
robots不同于social robots。
Passage 12(2015四川,E)
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new
study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll.Long-ago builders could have attached
wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand,the scientists say.
“Technically,I think what they're proposing is possible,”physicist Daniel Bonn
said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And
there's no obvious answer.On average,each of the two million big stones weighed
about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to
the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth
paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).
Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier,workers may
have lubricate d th e path s either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has
now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of
fat,as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However,physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way,who led
the new study.West said,“I was inspired while watching a television program showing
how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought,‘Why don't they just
try rolling the things?’”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by
attaching wooden poles to its sides,he realized.That,he notes,should make a block of
stone“a lot easier to roll than a square”.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
So he tried it.
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone
block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block
on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found
they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that
rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑
的)path.
West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks,but he thinks rolling has clear
advantages over sliding.At least,workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or
water to smooth the paths.
1.It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by
.
A.rolling them on roads
B.pushing them over the sand
C.sliding them on smooth paths
D.dragging them on some poles
2.The underlined part“lubricated the paths”in Paragraph 4 means .
A.made the paths wet
B.made the paths hard
C.made the paths wide
D.made the paths slippery
3.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C.Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D.Rolling the blocks with fat.
4.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?
A.Because more force is needed for sliding.
B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
5.What is the text mainly about?
A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B.An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为历史与社会类。没有人知道古代埃及人是如何建成金字
塔的。人们一直困惑于他们运送这些巨大的石块到达金字塔工地的方式。本文介绍了可能的
运送方式。
1.C 细节理解题。由文章第四段首句“The most popular view is that Egyptian workers
slid the blocks along smooth paths.”可知答案。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据“To make the work easier,workers may have...either with wet
clay or with the fat from cattle.”中的wet clay 和the fat from cattle可知,该画线部分
为“使路面滑”之意。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章第六段中的“A square could be turned into a rough sort of
wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides...”可知A项正确。
4.D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“At least,workers wouldn't have needed to
carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.”可知答案为D。
5.D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了运送巨大的石块到达金字塔工地的可能的方式。因此答
案为D。
Passage 13(2015江苏,B)
In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each
year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers
and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three
times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study
reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals
was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold
and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are
recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out
in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous
substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to
100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again
the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories
needed to make the box and packaging (包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in the
producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in
that “ the production, distribution, and use of products—as well as management of
the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce
their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance, buying
reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being
considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If
producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would
they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the
packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or
towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased
your television?
From the governments' point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended
producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical
responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the
producers.
1.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that .
A.the weight of e-goods is rather small
B.e-waste deserves to be made good use of北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.natural minerals contain more precious metals
D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended .
A.from producers to governments
B.from governments to producers
C.from individuals to distributors
D.from distributors to governments
3.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The increase in e-waste.
B.The creation of e-waste.
C.The seriousness of e-waste.
D.The management of e-waste.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。随着电子数码科技的进步,越来越多的电
子垃圾产生了,手机、电脑、个人电子器件等被扔掉的越来越多。这些被扔掉的电子垃圾中含
有一些像金银之类的贵重金属,当然也有很多有毒物质。那我们该如何处理这些电子垃圾呢?
1.B 推理判断题。第二段提到了瑞士的一项研究结果:电子垃圾中贵重金属的含量要比自
然界中矿石中贵重金属的含量还要高。由此推断作者旨在说明这些电子垃圾值得被充分利
用,故选B项。
2.B 推理判断题。文章最后一段描述了政府要制定相关法律,对制造商提出明确的责任要
求。由此推断出这份责任应该是从政府开始延伸到制造商,故选B项。
3.D 主旨大意题。本文第一段提出了越来越严重的电子垃圾污染问题,后面就如何处理这
些垃圾提出了一些建议,也明确了该问题所涉及各方应负的责任,由此推断出本文的主题应
该是D项:电子垃圾的处理。
Passage 14(2015广东,C)
Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes it's important to distinguish
television's influences on children from those of the family.We tend to blame TV,he
says,for problems it doesn't really cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping
children's minds.
One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to
think and to understand the world.While watching TV,children do not merely absorb北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
words and images(影像).Instead,they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from
what they see.Actually,children learn early the psychology of characters in TV
shows.Furthermore,as many teachers agree,children understand far more when parents
watch TV with them,explaining new words and ideas.Yet,most parents use an
educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do
something in another room.
Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of
entertainment.But according to Anderson,the amount of time spent watching
television is not related to reading ability.TV doesn't take the place of reading for
most children;it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation,such as listening to
the radio and playing sports.Things like parents' educational background have a
stronger influence on a child's reading.“A child's reading ability is best predicted
by how much a parent reads,”Anderson says.
Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ(智
商 )scores and affects school performance.But here,too,Anderson notes that no
studies have proved it.In fact,research suggests that it's the other way around.“If
you're smart young,you'll watch less TV when you're older,”Anderson says.Yet,people
of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.
For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to
children.However,by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects
as conventionally believed,Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned
without considering other influences.
1.By watching TV,children learn .
A.images through words
B.more than explicit meanings
C.more about images than words
D.little about people's psychology
2.An educational program is best watched by a child .
A.on his own
B.with other kids北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.with his parents
D.with his teachers
3.Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability?
A.Radio-listening.
B.Television-watching.
C.Parents' reading list.
D.Parents' educational background.
4.Anderson believes that .
A.the more a child watches TV,the smarter he is
B.the younger a child is,the more he watches TV
C.the smarter a child is,the less likely he gets addicted to TV
D.the less a child watches TV,the better he performs at school
5.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To advise on the educational use of TV.
B.To describe TV's harmful effects on children.
C.To explain traditional views on TV influences.
D.To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。传统观念认为,看电视会对孩子思维能力
的培养产生负面的影响,还会让孩子远离阅读。而著名心理学家Daniel Anderson对此提出
了不同的看法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden
meanings from what they see.”可知答案。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Furthermore, as many teachers agree,
children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words
and ideas.”可以推断出答案。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Things like parents' educational
background have a stronger influence on a child's reading.”可知答案。
4.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句Anderson所说“If you're smart young, you'll
watch less TV when you're older,”可以推断出答案。
5.D 主旨大意题。整篇文章讲述的都是Anderson关于看电视对孩子的影响所提出的非传统北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
的观点。故选D。
Passage 15(2014陕西,C)
Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight,while the French,who
consume rich food,continue to stay thin?Now a research by Cornell University
suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight.Researchers
conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.However,Americans
tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr.Joseph Mercola,a health expert,the French see eating as an
important part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long
time at the table,while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the
other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when
they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have
stopped.In addition,he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy
canned and frozen foods for the week.The French,instead,tend to shop daily,walking
to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh
fruits,vegetables,and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States,Mireille Guiliano,author of French Women
Don't Get Fat,decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather
than suggesting how to avoid food.Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to
the gym.
In spite of all these differences,evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes
may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity—or extreme
overweight—among adults is only 6%.However,as American fast food gains acceptance
and the young reject older traditions,the obesity rate among French children has
reached 17%—and is growing.
1.In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr.Joseph
Mercola?
A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.
B.They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.
C.They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyle.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.
2.This text is mainly about the relationship between .
A.Americans and the French
B.lifestyle and obesity
C.children and adults
D.fast food and overweight
3.This text is mainly developed .
A.by contrast
B.by space
C.by process
D.by classification
4.Where does this text probably come from?
A.A TV interview.
B.A food advertisement.
C.A health report.
D.A book review.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。题材为饮食健康类。通过一项对美国和法国饮食习惯的对比研
究,揭示出生活方式和肥胖之间的关系。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句可知:研究发现,法国人把饮食看作他们生活方式
中一个很重要的部分,而美国人则不重视饮食。故选C。
2.B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述通过对美国和法国两国饮食习惯的对比,揭示生活方式和
肥胖有着密切的关系。故选B项。
3.A 推理判断题。本文主要是围绕美、法两国饮食习惯对比展开的,最终得出结论:生活方
式和肥胖有着密切的关系,故选A项。
4.C 推理判断题。本篇文章对美、法两国饮食习惯进行对比,很显然这和健康有关,故选C
项。
Passage 16(2014山东,D)
How fit are your teeth?Are you lazy about brushing them?Never fear:An inventor
is on the case.An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush,and it
lets you track your performance on your phone.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics
Show in Las Vegas this week.It senses how it is moved and can send the information to
an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection.
The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right(Don't forget the insides
of the teeth!)and make sure you're brushing long enough.“It's kind of like having a
dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”says Thomas Serval,the
French inventor.
The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone,so
developers could,for instance,create a game controlled by your toothbrush.You could
score points for beating monsters among your teeth.“We try to make it smart but also
fun,”Serval says.
Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would come home from
work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said “yes”,but Serval would
find their toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how
well his children brushed.
The company says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer,for $99 to
$199,depending on features.The U.S.is the first target market.
Serval says that one day,it'll be possible to replace the brush on the handle
with a brushing unit that also has a camera.The camera can even examine holes in your
teeth while you brush.
1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?
A.It can sense how users brush their teeth.
B.It can track users' school performance.
C.It can detect users' fear of seeing a dentist.
D.It can help users find their phones.
2.What can we learn from Serval's words in Paragraph 3?
A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist.
B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis.
C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist.
D.You'd like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.It can be used to update mobile phones.
B.It can be used to play mobile phone games.
C.It can send messages to other users.
D.It can talk to its developers.
4.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him.
B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.
C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.
D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.
5.What can we infer about Serval's children?
A.They were unwilling to brush their teeth.
B.They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.
C.They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.
D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.
6.What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?
A.The brush handle will be removed.
B.A mobile phone will be built into it.
C.It will be used to fill holes in teeth.
D.It will be able to check users' teeth.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。一位发明者发明了一种电子牙刷,它
不仅可以帮人们正确刷牙,而且还可以通过蓝牙和手机上的应用程序连接起来。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知,这种电子牙刷可以检测你刷牙的时间和刷
牙的质量,也能在手机上跟踪你的表现。故选A项。
2.C 推理判断题。在第三段中,那位法国发明者Serval说:“就好像有个牙医每天都在真正
看着你刷牙。”由此可知,用这种电子牙刷刷牙犹如得到专业牙医的指导,故选C项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知,这种新发明的牙刷可以和手机上的程序连接,比如由牙
刷控制的一款游戏,不仅显得智能而且还有趣。故选B项。
4.D 主旨大意题。本段的中心句是第一句。Serval说他这个发明的灵感是自己做父亲的经
历激发出的。所以这一段具体介绍了是什么让他有发明这种牙刷的想法,故选D项。
5.A 推理判断题。第五段中Serval下班回家问孩子们是否刷牙了,孩子们说刷过了,但是北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Serval却发现牙刷头是干的。根据孩子们撒谎这件事可以推断出来他们不愿意刷牙,故选A
项。
6.D 细节理解题。最后一段Serval认为将来有一天有可能用带有摄像头的刷牙装置来代替
有手柄的传统的牙刷头,摄像头甚至可以在你刷牙的时候检查你的牙洞。所以答案应为D项。
Passage 17(2014江苏,C)
Most damagingly,anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep
control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the
emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experience anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse
another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on
biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of
anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer
regard duels(决斗)as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's
awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity
changes.Under most conditions,EEG(脑电图)measures of electrical activity show
balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal( 额 叶 前
部)areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition(意
向)that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right
and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and,as a result of this,we're likely to
react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other
emotions,whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to
people we like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance
behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us
anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are,the more likely
we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists
refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and
control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach-and-confront
behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry( 不 对 称 )of EEG北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience
empathy(同感)towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In
defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry
person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
1.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger .
A.usually has a biological basis
B.varies among people
C.is socially and culturally shaped
D.influences one's thinking and evaluation
2.What changes can be found in an angry brain?
A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C.Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.
D.Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.
3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?
A.Approaching the source of anger.
B.Trying to control what is disliked.
C.Moving away from what is disliked.
D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
4.What is the key message of the last paragraph?
A.How anger differs from other emotions.
B.How anger relates to other emotions.
C.Behavioural responses to anger.
D.Behavioural patterns of anger.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,题材为科普知识。愤怒是人经常会表现出来的情绪,这种情绪
对我们本人会带来什么影响呢?本文对此进行了分析。
1.C 推理判断题。根据该段中关于“决斗”的描述:在当代文化背景下,愤怒的情绪通过肢
体去表达通常被认为对社会有害而不被容忍。由此我们推断出“决斗”这种发泄愤怒的方
式是一种特定文化下的产物,同时也是在某一种社会环境下出现的。由此可知“愤怒”的表
达方式是在一定文化和社会背景下形成的,答案为C项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段的 But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left
prefrontal areas aren't balanced...可知:当我们愤怒的时候,脑电图就会显示我们额叶
前部的左右部分不再平衡。所以答案为B项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move
towards the object of our anger.即我们越愤怒就越有可能去接近让我们愤怒的目标,可知
答案为A项。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据该段的前两句话中的approach behaviour和avoidance behaviour
可知最后一段就是描述了人们在愤怒时的不同行为表现形式,所以答案为D项。
[温馨提示] 1.most damagingly 最为严重的
2.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance
of the person or situation that arouses his anger.愤怒的人在情感意义方面对使之愤怒
的人或情况作出判断时会有失客观。
Passage 18(2014安徽,D)
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a
historic area of a city?In order to answer this question,we must first examine
whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.Not all
historical buildings are attractive.However,there may be other reasons—for
example,economic(经济的)reasons—why they should be preserved.So,let us assume
that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of
people.What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view,new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older
style.Indeed,there are many examples in my own home town of Tours where modern
designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings.As long as the
building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响)its surroundings too
much,it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏)the
area they are in,but the same can be said of some old buildings too.Yet people still
speak against new buildings in historic areas.I think this is simply because people
are naturally conservative(保守的)and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings,I北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to mov e thing s forwar d.If we
always reproduced what was there before,we would all still be living in caves.Thus,I
would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something
fresh and different,even though that might be the more risky choice.
1.What does the author say about historical buildings in the first paragraph?
A.Some of them are not attractive.
B.Most of them are too expensive to preserve.
C.They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
D.They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
2.Which of the following is true according to the author?
A.We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B.Buildings should not dominate their surroundings.
C.Some old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.
D.No one understands why people speak against new buildings.
3.By“move things forward”in the last paragraph, the author probably means“ .”
A.destroy old buildings
B.put things in a different place
C.choose new architectural styles
D.respect people's feelings for historical buildings
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain why people dislike change.
B.To warn that we could end up living in caves.
C.To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.
D.To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,讨论了现代建筑如何与古建筑和谐共存。在作者看来,既要保
证城市的发展,又要保护古建筑不被破坏,两者是可以和谐共存的。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Not all historical buildings are attractive.可知
选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知古建筑有时候也会与其所处的环境不协调。故选
C。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.C 猜测词义题。根据画线部分后面的两句话,特别是关键词“choose something fresh
and different”可知答案选C。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据全文可知作者认为:在有历史意义的地区,既要保证城市的发展又要
保护古建筑不被破坏,两者是可以和谐共存的。所以D项正确。
[温馨提示] 1.As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not
dominate(影响)its surroundings too much,...只要所说的建筑漂亮,对周围环境影响不
大……。
in question:that is being discussed 讨论(或议论)中的。又如:The woman in
question is sitting over there.所说的那个女的就在那边坐着呢。
2.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏)the
area they are in,but the same can be said of some old buildings too.的确有一些新建筑
破坏了当地的风貌,但是一些老建筑也是如此。
Passage 19(2014四川,D)
With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture,it
is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them
are still awake after the first 15 minutes;it is not even a surprise that most of them
are still in their pyjamas(睡衣).Obviously,students are terrible at adjusting their
sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
All human beings possess a body clock.Along with other alerting( 警
报 )systems,this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main
processes which govern sleep behaviour.Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is
delayed in adolescents,which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much
later in the evenings.This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the“night
owl”schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the“early bird”schedule,and is a kind of disorder where the
individual tends to stay up much past midnight.Such a person has great difficulty in
waking up in the mornings.Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and
function best in the evenings and at night.Research findings have shown that about 20
percent of people can be classified as“night owls”and only 10 percent can be
classified as “early birds”—the other 70 percent are in the middle.Although this is北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
clearly not true for all students,for the ones who are true night owls this gives
them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before
midday.
1.What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?
A.Many students are absent from class.
B.Students are very tired on Monday mornings.
C.Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.
D.Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.
2.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?
A.Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.
B.Students don't sleep well because of alerting systems.
C.One's body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.
D.Adolescents' delayed sleep/wake cycle isn't the preferred pattern.
3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“classified”?
A.Criticised.
B.Grouped.
C.Organised.
D.Named.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Functions of the body clock.
B.The“night owl”phenomenon.
C.Human beings' sleep behaviour.
D.The school schedule of “early birds”.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。每个人的体内都有一个生物钟,有的人习
惯了熬夜,但是他们早上醒来是一件很困难的事情,这叫“夜猫子”型。有的人习惯早睡早
起,这叫“早起鸟”型。也有的人属于中间类型。那么你属于哪个类型呢?
1.C 主旨大意题。第一段最后一句话总结了该段的主题:很显然,学生们很难调节自己的睡
眠模式来适应学校的课程安排,所以答案为C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed
in adolescents...可知人们喜欢的那种睡眠和醒来的模式在青少年身上被推迟了。由此我北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
们推断出青少年的这种推迟了的作息模式不是人们更喜欢的那种,所以答案为D项。
3.B 猜测词义题。研究结果表明大约20%的人可以划分为“夜猫子”型。由此可知画线单词
的含义是:分类到、归于某一类中;所以答案为B项。
4.B 主旨大意题。第一段作者描述了周一上课时学生的各种因睡不醒带来的具体表现,后
面分析了造成这一现象的原因是“夜猫子”型的作息模式。由此推断出本文主要是描述青
少年身上的那种“夜猫子”型作息现象。所以答案为B项。
[温馨提示] 1....it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the
class and...……实际上几乎有20人去上课了,这不足为奇……
2.Typically,the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents...通常,青
少年的首选作息规律往往被推迟……
3.Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true
night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which
unfortunately fall before midday.尽管显然并非所有的学生都是如此,但是对于那些夜猫
子型的学生来说,这给了他们一个在上午逃课的绝好借口。
Passage 20(2014湖北,C)
Working with a group of baboons(狒狒)in the Namibian desert,Dr.Alecia Carter of
the Department of Zoology,Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving
a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to
watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task,while others had to learn
for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were,Dr.Carter presented
them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that personality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons
learnt,but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon
perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In
effect,despite being made aware of what to do,they were still too shy to do what the
experienced baboon did.
The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious
individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did
not,even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
personality plays a key role in social learning in animals,something that has
previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are
significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive(认知
的)tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them,but because they are too
shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies
through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from
others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are
too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between
all group members,preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.The significance of Dr.Carter's research.
B.The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.
C.The design of Dr.Carter's research.
D.The results of Dr.Carter's research.
2.According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning
task?
A.Those that feel anxious about learning.
B.Those that like to work independently.
C.Those that can avoid potential risks.
D.Those that have more experience.
3.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A.Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.
B.Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.
C.Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
D.Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
4.Dr. Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through .
A.travelling between social groups
B.understanding different people
C.learning from each other
D.storing information北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。Alecia Carter博士对狒狒的学习行为进行
研究后发现:性格对动物的社会学习行为有很重要的影响。
1.C 主旨大意题。第一段主要介绍了Alecia Carter博士是如何对狒狒进行研究的。故选C
项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,对学习感到焦虑的狒狒能通过观察其他狒狒的行
为而进行学习。故选A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知:一些动物在完成认知任务时可能会表现不佳,
这不是因为它们不够聪明而不能完成任务,而是因为它们太害羞或太紧张而不去使用社交信
息。故选B项。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知社会文化可以通过相互学习而形成。故选C项。
[温馨提示] 1.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.与平静
的狒狒相比,那些焦虑的狒狒也是如此。
hold true for...:be still correct for...对于……仍然是正确的。又如:
The results appear to hold true for other countries.
这些结果似乎也适用于其他国家。
2.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that
personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has
previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.在收集和使用社
交信息间存在的不一致表现出性格在动物的社会学习方面起着关键的作用,而这一点从过去
研究动物是如何学习时就被忽略了。
长难句 The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform
poorly in cognitive tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them, but
because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.这些发现非常重要,
因为它们表明动物在完成认知任务时可能会表现不佳,这不是因为它们不够聪明而不能完成
任务,而是因为它们太害羞或太紧张而不去使用社交信息。
本句是一个复合句,because they suggest...information为原因状语从句,在此原因
状语从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句,在宾语从句中又含有由not...but结构连接的
两个并列的由because引导的原因状语从句。
Passage 21(2014重庆,E)北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their
personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the
environment.They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive
coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but in
many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social
psychologist Daryl Bem,by observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to
ourselves.If we knew our own minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences
are from our behavior?If our minds were an open book,we would know exactly how much
we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually,we often need to look to our
behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover,we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of
character—we infer characters that weren't there before.Our behavior is often
shaped by little pressures around us,which we fail to recognize. Mayb e w e recycl e
becaus e ou r wive s an d neighbor s woul d disapprov e i f w e did n ' t .Maybe we buy lattes in
order to impress the people around us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always
behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people become what
they do,though it may not be in compliance( 符 合 )with their true
desires.Therefore,we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice:“We are what we
pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
1.According to the passage,personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to
.
A.determine one's behavior
B.reflect one's taste
C.influence one's surroundings
D.result from one's habits
2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?
A.The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D.One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B.We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D.Our characters can shape our social relationships.
4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A.Personalities and attitudes.
B.Preferences and habits.
C.Behavior and personalities.
D.Attitudes and preferences.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。作者对人的行为和性格之间的关系进行了
探讨。最后用Kurt Vonnegut的一句话进行了总结:我们将自己伪装成什么,我们就是什么。
所以,当我们伪装时,一定要谨慎呀!
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,通常认为人们的行为方式取决于他们的性格和
态度。那反过来说就是:一个人的性格和态度决定了他的行为方式。故选A。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知,正如社会心理学家Daryl Bem所说的,毋庸置疑,
人的行为来自我们的内在性情,但是在很多例子中我们是通过观察我们自己的行为来推断出
我们是怎样的人的结论。四个选项中只有A项表示的是一种行为暗示出人的性格,而其他三
个选项均不符合。
3.B 推理判断题。画线的这一句是对上一句话的举例说明,画线处前面一句话是说:我们的
行为经常受到我们周围小的压力的影响,这一点我们认识不到。B项与画线句意义一致,故选
B。
4.C 主旨大意题。从第一段第一句阐述大家通常认为行为和性格的关系,到第二段Daryl
Bem提出通过一个人的行为也能看出他的性格,第三段提到我们的行为也受到周围压力的影
响,第四段通过Kurt Vonnegut的一句话强调了两者之间的关系,所以本篇文章主要讲的是
行为和性格,故选C。
长难句 It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情),but
in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
psychologist Daryl Bem,by observing our own behavior.毋庸置疑,人的行为来自我们的
内在性情,但是正如社会心理学家Daryl Bem所说的,在很多例子中我们是通过观察我们自
己的行为来推断出我们是怎样的人的。
该句是由表示转折的but连接的一个并列句。前一个并列分句中it为形式主语,that
behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情)为真正的主语;后一个并列分句中who
we are是介词about的宾语。
Passage 22(2014四川,B)
In 1943,when I was 4,my parents moved from Coeur d'Alene,Idaho,to
Fairbanks,Alaska,where adventure was never very far away.
We arrived in the summer,just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.All that sunlight
was fantastic for Mom's vegetable garden.Working in the garden at midnight tended to
throw her timing off,so she didn't care much about my bedtime.
Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk.That left me in a mess.I
usually managed to find some trouble to get into.Once I had a little fire going in the
dirt basement of a hotel.I had tried to light a barrel(桶)of paint but couldn't
really get a good fire going.The smoke got pretty bad,though,and when I made my
exit,a crowd and the police were there to greet me.The policemen took my matches and
drove me home.
Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me,and
they did!I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me.I hadn't turned 5 yet.
As I entered kindergarten,the serious cold began to set in.Would it surprise you
to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school?
As for Leonhard Seppala,famous as a dog sledder(驾雪橇者),I think I knew him
well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday.At the time I
didn't realize what a superstar he was,but I do remember the ride well.I was
wrapped(包裹)heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.
In 1950,we moved back to Coeur d'Alene,but we got one more Alaskan adventure when
Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a
gathering of former neighbors of Alaska.
1.What can be inferred about the author's family?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.His father was a cruel man.
B.His parents didn't love him.
C.His parents used to be very busy.
D.His mother didn't have any jobs.
2.What happened when the author was 4?
A.He learned to smoke.
B.He was locked in a basement.
C.He was arrested by the police.
D.He nearly caused a fire accident.
3.Which of the following is true?
A.Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds.
B.The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska.
C.Leonhard often visited the author's family after 1950.
D.The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska.
4.What is the author's purpose of writing the text?
A.To look back on his childhood with adventures.
B.To describe the extreme weather of Alaska.
C.To express how much he misses Leonhard.
D.To show off his pride in making trouble.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为个人成长经历。在我很小的时候就随着父母来到了阿拉
斯加,我在这儿有过很多次的冒险经历。4岁的时候因为放火差点“蹲监狱”,上幼儿园后坐
Leonhard的狗拉着的雪橇。离开那儿8年后我们又回到那儿参加了一次老邻居的聚会。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的描述“爸妈忙于工作没时间管我,于是我就自己去找一些
麻烦”可推断出作者的父母当时很忙,所以答案为C项。A、B两项文中没有提及;D项与原文
意思不符。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的描述“我试图点燃一桶油漆,可是火没有真的着起来,倒是
冒出了很多的烟,就连警察都到了现场”可知在作者4岁那年差点酿成一场火灾,所以答案
为D项。A、B两项文中没有提及;而C项与原文意思不符。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的描述“那个时候我不知道他到底是多大的一个超级
明星,但是我分明记得他驾驶雪橇的技术很好”可知答案为A项。1950年也就是作者11岁北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
的时候就搬离了阿拉斯加,排除B项;1950年后作者又回了那儿一次而不是经常回去,排除C
项;文中没有提及那次坐雪橇给作者带来了什么伤害,排除D项。
4.A 主旨大意题。作者写本文是在回忆自己在阿拉斯加度过的那段充满冒险的童年时光,
通过几个印象深刻的例子突出了作者对那段时光的留恋,所以答案为A项。B项:描写阿拉斯
加的极端天气;C项:表达自己是多么想念Leonhard;D项:为了炫耀自己惹事带来的自豪感。
这些都是其中回忆的几个细节,综合起来才是真正的写作目的。
Passage 23(2014四川,C)
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he
suffered a serious allergic(过敏的)reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy,nine,restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he
fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never
arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.
However,she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough,so she stamped on
her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压)until
the ambulance arrived.
Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said:“I just kicked him
really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands.I was
quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that
Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star,”said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I
just can't believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first
aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way
to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was
taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The
second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,preventing him from
breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest .
A.to express her helplessness
B.to practise CPR on him
C.to keep him awake
D.to restart his heart
2.What's the right order of the events?
①Izzy kicked Colm.
②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR.
④Colm's heart stopped.
A.③①②④ B.④②③①
C.③④②① D.④③①②
3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?
A.What Colm suffered.
B.Colm's present condition.
C.What caused Colm's allergy.
D.Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.
4.Why does the author write the news?
A.To describe a serious accident.
B.To prove the importance of CPR.
C.To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act.
D.To call people's attention to allergic reaction.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。35岁的卡车司机Colm在家中因为过敏而
心跳骤停,挽救他生命的不是随后赶来的救护车,也不是他的妻子,而是他还在上小学的9岁
的女儿。你知道这个小女孩是怎么挽救了自己爸爸的生命的吗?是靠她那双小脚丫。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩) on his
chest可知答案为D项,她这么做是为了让爸爸的心脏重新跳动。
2.C 细节理解题。首先应该是女儿Izzy学会了急救知识CPR③,某一天Colm的心脏突然停
止了跳动④;看到这一突发状况,妻子Debbie立即拨打急救电话999②;女儿Izzy开始用脚
丫踩爸爸的胸膛进行急救①。由此可知答案为C项。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.A 主旨大意题。由第八段的 suffered a mystery allergic reaction...The second
attack was so serious that...可知这一段主要是描述Colm到底患了什么病,所以答案为A
项。B、D两项是该段的细节而不是主题;该段没有介绍是什么导致他过敏,故排除C项。
4.C 主旨大意题。作者一开始描述这个小女孩用自己的急救知识来挽救父亲生命的经过,
接下来是小女孩的妈妈对此事的描述。所以作者写这篇文章就是为了向读者报道这样的一
件事,所以答案为C项。
Passage 24(2014浙江,C)
Last summer,two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm
fields in Montana,to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco.The houses
were made of wood.These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry
Montana soil;now they hold Twitter engineers.
The cottages could be an example of the industry's odd love affair with “low
technology”,a concept associated with the natural world,and with old-school
craftsmanship(手艺)that exists long before the Internet era.Low technology is not
virtual(虚拟的)—so,to take advantage of it,Internet companies have had to get
creative.The rescued wood cottages,fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds,are
an obvious example,but Twitter's designs lie on the extreme end.Other companies are
using a broader interpretation(阐释)of low technology that focuses on nature.
Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees,so that employees can
“work and socialize in a more natural,park-like setting”.At Google's office,an
entire floor is carpeted in grass.Facebook's second Menlo Park campus will have a
rooftop park with a walking trail.
Olle Lundberg,the founder of Lundberg Design,has worked with many tech
companies over the years.“We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives,and
our tech engineers are the ones who feel most impoverished(贫乏的),because they're
surrounded by the digital world,”he says.“They're looking for a way to regain their
individual identity,and we've found that introducing real crafts is one way to do
that.”
This craft-based theory is rooted in history.William Morris,the English artist
and writer,turned back to pre-indu-strial arts in the eighteen-sixties,just after北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
the Industrial Revolution.The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against
machines.“Without creative human occupation,people became disconnected from
life,”Morris said.
Research has shown that natural environments can restore( 恢 复 )our mental
capacities.In Japan,patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe”,taking walks through
woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well.Rachel Kaplan,a professor
of environmental psychology,has spent years researching the restorative effects of
natural environments.Her research found that workers with access to nature at the
office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful
and more satisfying.If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and
improve the mental health of employees then,fine,bring on the cottages.
1.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that .
A.Twitter is having a hard time
B.old cottages are in need of protection
C.early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana
D.Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology
2.Low technology is regarded as something that .
A.is related to nature
B.is out of date today
C.consumes too much energy
D.exists in the virtual world
3.The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings .
A.have destroyed many pre-industrial arts
B.have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts
C.can become intelligent by learning history
D.can regain their individual identity by using machines
4.The writer's attitude to “low technology” can best be described as .
A.positive B.defensive
C.cautious D.doubtful
5.What might be the best title for the passage?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.Past Glories,Future Dreams.
B.The Virtual World,the Real Challenge.
C.High-tech Companies,Low-tech Offices.
D.The More Craftsmanship,the Less Creativity.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材是科普知识类。文章由Twitter公司将19世纪的小木屋改
造成工程师的办公室引入,介绍了当今一些高科技公司采用“低科技的”(实则亲近自然的)
技术和理念来打造办公场所,指出这样的办公场所有助于减轻压力和提高效率。
1.D 推理判断题。结合本文主旨以及后文内容可以推出 D为正确选项。作者提及这个信息
就是为了引出主旨benefits of low technology。其他选项与文章主旨无直接关系。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“associated with the natural world”,可知A为正
确选项。
3.B 主旨大意题。第五段第一句为主题句,即这种工艺理念在人类历史上是根深蒂固的,故
B为正确选项。
4.A 推理判断题。由文章主旨,尤其是文章后两段可以看出,作者赞同“自然化的环境有助
于病人恢复健康,有助于员工改善工作状态”的观点,故A选项“赞成的”为正确选项。B选
项为“怀有戒心的”;C选项为“谨慎的”;D选项为“怀疑的”,均为错误选项。
5.C 主旨大意题。结合文章主旨内容,其核心词就是 high-tech,low-tech,所以C项正确。
[温馨提示] 1.These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry
Montana soil...早期的移民在蒙大拿州开荒时曾在这些小屋里住过……
2.Other companies are using a broader interpretation(阐释)of low technology
that focuses on nature.其他公司正在使用更广义的、注重自然的低端技术。
Passage 25(2013课标全国Ⅰ,A)
Some people will do just about anything to save money.And I am one of them.Take
my family's last vacation.It was my six-year-old son's winter break from school,and
we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a week-long trip.The flight was
overbooked,and Delta,the airline,offered us $400 per person in credits to give up
our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York,so I had to get back.But
that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay.I took my nine-month-old and
took off for home.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
The next day,my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later
flight.Yes,I encouraged—okay,ordered—them to wait it out at the airport to “earn”
more Delta Dollars.Our total take:$1,600.Not bad,huh?
Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either.But as
a big-time bargain hunter,I know the value of a dollar.And these days,a good deal is
something few of us can afford to pass up.
I've made a living looking for the best deals and exposing(揭露)the worst
tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade.I have
written a couple of books including one titled Tricks of the Trade:A Consumer
Survival Guide.And I really do what I believe in.
I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your money's worth.I'm also
tightfisted when it comes to shoes,clothes for my children,and expensive
restaurants.But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut.It keeps its shape
longer,and it's the first thing people notice.And I will also spend on a classic
piece of furniture.Quality lasts.
1.Why did Delta give the author's family credits?
A.They took a later flight.
B.They had early bookings.
C.Their flight had been delayed.
D.Their flight had been cancelled.
2.What can we learn about the author?
A.She rarely misses a good deal.
B.She seldom makes a compromise.
C.She is very strict with her children.
D.She is interested in cheap products.
3.What does the author do?
A.She's a teacher.
B.She's a housewife.
C.She's a media person.
D.She's a businesswoman.
4.What does the author want to tell us?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.How to expose bad tricks.
B.How to reserve airline seats.
C.How to spend money wisely.
D.How to make a business deal.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历来阐明观点,即如何获取金钱的最大利用价值,
理性消费。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第五句可知,因为航班机票超额预订,航空公司(Delta)补偿
我们每人400美金,要我们放弃座位,第二天再离开。故选A(他们乘坐了较晚的航班)。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,作为一名一流的讨价还价高手,我知道每一美元
的价值。由此推断,A项(她几乎不会错过任何一笔能获利的交易)符合文意。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中I have been the consumer reporter以及I have written a
couple of books可知,作者是一个媒体人,而非教师、家庭主妇和女商人。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句(我告诉你们这个是因为得到金钱的价值并不是一
件让人羞愧的事)可推断出,作者想要告诉我们如何明智地花费金钱。
高级词块 ① pass up 拒绝 ② there is no shame in doing sth.做某事不丢人
③tightfisted adj.吝啬的
Passage 26(2013北京,C)
Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,today's stars,feeling
like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of
much of the world's attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)camp outside their homes,cameras
ready.Tabloids(小报)publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just
imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a
signature!
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal,celebrities—famous people—
worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually,they start to lose track
of who they really are,seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them,not as the
people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they
feel separated and alone.”北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th
century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture
his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th
century,his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans,leading him to
complain(抱怨)about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles
about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to
be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern
cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous,there is always the
Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story”alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome,why aren't all celebrities running away from it?The
answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding
themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from
big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or
whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy
full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being
famous already.
1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today .
A.are often misunderstood by the public
B.can no longer have their privacy protected
C.spend too much on their public appearance
D.care little about how they have come into fame
2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?
A.Availability of modern media.
B.Inadequate social recognition.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.Lack of favorable chances.
D.Huge population of fans.
4.What is the author's attitude toward modern celebrity?
A.Sincere.
B.Sceptical.
C.Disapproving.
D.Sympathetic.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。作者主要对现在的名人没有隐私的问题发表了自己的看法。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二、三、四句“They are at the center of much of the
world's attention. Paparazzi camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids
publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.”可知现在的明星没有隐私,故选
择B项。
2.B 主旨大意题。此段通过列举历史上的名人所遇到的麻烦来证明名人所遇到的问题由来
已久,故选择B项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段所描述内容可知以Internet为代表的现代媒介令名人们的处
境更加不易,故此题选择A项。
4.D 推理判断题。通读全文可以发现,作者对现代名人没有批判、怀疑或是大加鼓励,倒是
同情他们没有隐私、体谅他们难处的句子频繁出现,故此题应选择D项sympathetic同情的。
sincere真诚的;sceptical怀疑的;disapproving不赞同的。
长难句 Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today's stars,
feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.尽管成名或许听起
来就像梦想实现了一样,可如今的明星感觉就像动物园的动物,承受着少有人能够想象的压
力。
本句是复合句,although引导让步状语从句;feeling like zoo animals是现在分词短
语作状语,主句为today's stars face pressures that few of us can imagine。
Passage 27(2013湖南,B)
In my living room,there is a plaque(匾)that advises me to“Bloom(开花)where you
are planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy.I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s,when I
was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Barbourville,Kentucky.The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the
classroom of each teacher in the program.Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who
“bloomed” in her remote area.
Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County,Kentucky,Appalachian Mountain
area.To get to her school from the town of Harlan,I followed a road winding around
the mountain.In the eight-mile journey,I crossed the same railroad track five
times,giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times.Rather
than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains,I found it depressing.The
poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling
of hopelessness.
From the moment of my arrival at the little school,all gloom( 忧
郁)disappeared.Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom,I was greeted with smiling
faces and treated like a queen.The children had been prepared to show me their latest
projects.Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad
and cornbread for “dinner”(lunch).In case you don't know,poke greens are a weed-type
plant that grows wild,especially on poor ground.
Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students.Her
enthusiasm never cooled down.When it came time to sit for the testing and
interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate
Certification,Dorothy was ready.She came to the assessment and passed in all
areas.Afterward,she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to
celebrate her victory,as if she had received her Ph.D.degree.After the meal,she
placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand.She said it was a family
heirloom(传家宝),but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that
cannot be matched with things.
1.“Early Childhood Development”in Paragraph 1 refers to .
A.a program directed by Dorothy
B.a course given by the author
C.an activity held by the students
D.an organization sponsored by Union College北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
2.In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing .
A.the long track
B.the poor houses
C.the same train
D.the winding road
3.Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by .
A.a warm welcome
B.the sight of poke greens
C.Dorothy's latest projects
D.a big dinner made for her
4.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?
A.She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
B.She got a pen as a gift from the author.
C.She passed the required assessment.
D.She received her Ph.D.degree.
5.What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A.Whatever you do,you must do it carefully.
B.Whoever you are,you deserve equal treatment.
C.However poor you are,you have the right to education.
D.Wherever you are,you can accomplish your achievement.
答案
[语篇解读] 我在20世纪80年代的时候通过一项教育工程认识了 Dorothy。我来到了
Dorothy的家乡,看到那里人们的生活条件很艰苦但人却很热情和努力。Dorothy的热情和努
力也感染了我,使我对生活有了更深的认识。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的when I was teaching Early Childhood Development可
知Early Childhood Development指的是作者教授的一门课程。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“贫困水平令人震惊,破旧的房屋给了作者一种无比绝望
的感觉(The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the
greatest feeling of hopelessness.)”得知“作者感到失望是因为看见了破旧的房屋”。
3.A 细节理解题。第三段中提到“从到达那所小学校的第一刻起,我所有的忧郁都消失了
(From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom disappeared),我受到了北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
热情的欢迎并得到了女王般的待遇(I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a
queen)”,由此可知选A项。
4.C 细节理解题。由She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.可知选C项
“她通过了要求的评定条件”。
5.D 主旨大意题。在这篇文章中,作者主要想告诉我们的是“无论你在哪儿,你都可以取得
成就”。根据第一句 In my living room, there is a plaque that advises me to “Bloom
where you are planted.”“哪里扎根,哪里开花”,即无论你人在哪儿,只要努力就会取得成就。
Passage 28(2013江苏,B)
We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line:hiring line standers,
buying tickets from scalpers( 票 贩 子 ), or purchasing line-cutting privileges
directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the
morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price
for faster service).
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating
things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue,
“First come, first served”have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal. They tell us to
ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the
queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to
accept the first offer that comes along,simply because it's the first. Selling my
house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different
standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.
Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when
calling your bank:“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was
received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It's as if the company is
trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don't take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people's calls
are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to
“score”incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some
goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the
tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods
is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that
most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement
parks, in call centers, doctors' offices, and national parks—are recent
developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the
queues in these places may seem an unusual concern,but these are not the only places
that markets have entered.
1.According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the
principle“First come,first served”?
A.Taking buses.
B.Buying houses.
C.Flying with an airline.
D.Visiting amusement parks.
2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates .
A.the necessity of patience in queuing
B.the advantage of modern technology
C.the uncertainty of allocation principle
D.the fairness of telephonic services
3.The passage is meant to .
A.justify paying for faster services
B.discuss the morals of allocating things
C.analyze the reason for standing in line
D.criticize the behavior of queue jumping
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材属于社会生活类。文章阐述了社会分配的方式问题。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一、二句可知,这种法则适用于乘公共汽车,但不适用
于所有场合,故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。第四、五段的例子是为了论证第四段第一句,即分配原则是不确定的,标北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
准是可变的,故选C。
3.B 主旨大意题。文章前五段论述了两种不同的分配方式,即market和queue,最后一段还
论述了除上述两种分配方式以外的其他分配方式。故B项最贴近文章主旨。
Passage 29(2013山东,A)
Jimmy is an automotive mechanic,but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a
good heart,but always feared applying for a new job.
One day,he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His
appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30.While waiting for a bus to the office
where he was supposed to be interviewed,he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre
of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went
up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car,the old man asked him how
much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him;he just
helped someone in need,and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man
said,“Well,I could take you to the office for your interview.It's the least I could
do.Please,I insist.”Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be
interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair,but he did not
have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one,the applicants left
the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was
called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking
the chair back and forth,he asked,“Do you really need to be interviewed?”Jimmy's
heart sank.“With the way I look now,how could I possibly pass this interview?”he
thought to himself.
Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise,it was the old man
he helped earlier in the morning.It turned out he was the General Manager of the
company.
“Sorry I had to keep you waiting,but I was pretty sure I made the right decision
to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office.I just
know you'd be a trustworthy worker.Congratulations!”Jimmy sat down and they shared a
cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?
A.He was out of work.
B.He was bored with his job.
C.He wanted a higher position.
D.He hoped to find a better boss.
2.What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?
A.A friend's car had a flat tyre.
B.A wild man was pushing a car.
C.A terrible car accident happened.
D.An old man's car broke down.
3.Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?
A.He was also to be interviewed.
B.He needed a travelling companion.
C.He always helped people in need.
D.He was thankful to Jimmy.
4.How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer's question?
A.He was sorry for the other applicants.
B.There was no hope for him to get the job.
C.He regretted helping the old man.
D.The interviewer was very rude.
5.What can we learn from Jimmy's experience?
A.Where there's a will,there's a way.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.Good is rewarded with good.
D.Two heads are better than one.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是个人情感与人际关系。Jimmy在去参加工作面试途中发
现一位老人的车子抛锚了,于是就帮助老人修好了车,却弄脏了自己。他能顺利通过面试吗?
善良的行为会得到什么回报呢?
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的but he lost his job a few months ago可知答案为A项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的...he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car.可知答案为D项。
3.D 推理判断题。由第二段内容可知,Jimmy帮老人修好了车,又没有收老人钱。当老人得知
Jimmy要急着去参加工作面试时,老人坚持开车把他送到面试地点。由此推断出老人这么做
是出自对Jimmy的感激之情,故选D项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据Jimmy听到面试官的问题后心里所想“我现在的样子怎么可能通过
面试呢?”可推断出Jimmy认为自己这次面试没有一点希望了,故选B项。
5.C 主旨大意题。本文的主人公Jimmy因为自己的善良顺利通过了面试,由此可知:善有善
报。A:有志者事竟成;B:患难见真情;C:善有善报;D:三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。故选C项。
Passage 30(2013浙江,C)
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.Almost from
the moment it is born,the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its
mother.During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto
almost any large,warm,and soft object in its environment,particularly if that
object also gives it milk.After a week or so,however,the baby monkey begins to avoid
newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother-
substitute(母亲替代物).
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important
psychological( 心 理 的 )thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby.The
Harlows,a couple who are both psychologists,discovered this fact by offering baby
monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes—one covered with cloth and one
made of bare wire.If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature,the
little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother.However,if the wire model was
heated,while the cloth model was cool,for the first two weeks after birth the baby
monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites.Thereafter they
switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire?Something that the Harlows called
contact(接触)comfort seems to be the answer,and a most powerful influence it is.Baby
monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins,putting
themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can.Whenever the young animal
is frightened,disturbed,or annoyed,it typically rushes to its mother and rubs北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
itself against her body.Wire doesn't “rub”as well as does soft cloth.Prolonged(长时
间的)“contact comfort”with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and
is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows,the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is
trust.If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother,the baby
ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be.It screams in terror and
curls up into a furry little ball.If its cloth mother is now introduced into the
playroom,the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life.After a few minutes of
contact comfort,it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from the
mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys,but often rushes back for a deep
embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is
well.Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more
time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its“mother”.
1.Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks
of its life?
A.Warmth. B.Milk.
C.Contact. D.Trust.
2.After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to
the wire mother because the former is .
A.larger in size
B.closer to them
C.less frightening and less disturbing
D.more comfortable to rub against
3.What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”?
A.Attention.
B.Softness.
C.Confidence.
D.Interest.
4.It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, .
A.it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B.it spends more time screaming to get rewards北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D.it cares less about whether its mother is still around
5.The main purpose of the passage is to .
A.give the reasons for the experiment
B.present the findings of the experiment
C.introduce the method of the experiment
D.describe the process of the experiment
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为动物研究。作者通过具体实验结果来说明幼猴比婴儿智
商更发达。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话During the first two weeks of its life warmth
is...可知答案。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知两周后,小猴子最需要的是与母性接触获得安慰,而电线
的触感不及布料。故D项正确。
3.C 推理判断题。由第三段可知小猴子在与“母亲”的接触中获得的是自信。
4.D 推理判断题。从文章的最后一段的描述可以看出,当小猴子被放在一个陌生的环境中,
它就会因为害怕而对玩具没有任何兴趣,但是,当它确信它“妈妈”在场的时候,它就会
cares less它的“妈妈”了。
5.B 主旨大意题。从通篇内容来看,文章主要是为了呈现实验发现。B项符合。
Passage 31(2013重庆,E)
It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a
fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnson's famous comment that“When
two English meet,their first talk is of weather.”Though Johnson's observation is as
accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago,most commentators fail to come up
with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.
Bill Bryson,for example,concludes that,as the English weather is not at all
exciting,the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that“To an
outsider,the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very
much of it.”Simply,the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is
almost unknown in the British Isles.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Jeremy Paxman,however,disagrees with Bryson,arguing that the English weather
is by nature attractive.Bryson is wrong,he says,because the English preference for
the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena.“The interest is less in the
phenomena themselves,but in uncertainty.”According to him,the weather in England is
very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among
the English.Both commentators,somehow,are missing the point.The English weather
conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weather-speak is a
system of signs,which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve
and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-
speak are not requests for weather data.Rather,they are routine
greetings,conversation starters or the blank“fillers”.In other words,English
weather-speak is a means of social bonding.
1.The author mentions Dr. Johnson's comment to show that .
A.most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson
B.Dr.Johnson is famous for his weather observation
C.the comment was accurate two hundred years ago
D.English conversations usually start with the weather
2.What does the underlined word“obsession”most probably refer to?
A.A social trend.
B.An emotional state.
C.A historical concept.
D.An unknown phenomenon.
3.According to the passage, Jeremy Paxman believes that .
A.Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather
B.there is nothing special about the English weather
C.the English weather attracts people to the British Isles
D.English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty
4.What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?
A.To explain what English weather-speak is about.
B.To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.
D.To convince people that the English weather is changeable.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会文化类,主要介绍了对英国人见面谈论天气的不同
看法。
1.D 推理判断题。第一段作者首先提出英国人见面谈论天气这一现象,接着就给出了
Dr.Johnson的评论,由此可判断引用Dr.Johnson评论的目的是说明这一现象的普遍,故选D
项。
2.B 猜测词义题。第二段提到Bill Bryson认为由于英国的天气一点也不让人兴奋,所以人
们见面就谈天气的这种痴迷令人费解。可推断obsession的意思是“痴迷”,是一种情感状
态,故选B。A:社会趋势;B:情感状态;C:历史概念;D:未知现象。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves,but
in uncertainty.”可知人们见面谈论天气的兴趣不在天气本身,而在于天气的不确定性,故
选D。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段首先引出英国人见面爱谈天气的现象,第二段和第三段分别
阐述了Bill Bryson和Jeremy Paxman对这一现象的两种相反观点,最后一段提出了自己的
观点:英国人见面谈论天气是社交的一种手段,可判断文章的写作目的是剖析英国人见面谈
天气的原因。
长 难 句 Jeremy Paxman,however,disagrees with Bryson,arguing that the English
weather is by nature attractive.然而,Jeremy Paxman和Bryson持有相反的观点。Jeremy
争辩说英国的天气在本质上是吸引人的。
句中arguing...作伴随状语,that引导的从句作及物动词argue的宾语。
Passage 32(2012课标全国,D)
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned
as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go
swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He
can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a
ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can
teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle,twinkle,little star”or remember the
story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
One explanation is the law of overlearning,which can be stated as follows:Once
we have learned something,additional learning trials increase the length of time we
will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming,bicycle
riding,and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to
and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle,twinkle,little star”and childhood
tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that
we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school,because they are another
of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming( 突 击 学 习 )for an
examination,though it may result in a passing grade,is not a satisfactory way to
learn a college course.By cramming,a student may learn the subject well enough to get
by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A
little overlearning,on the other hand,is really necessary for one's future
development.
1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D.Stories for children are easy to remember.
2.The author explains the law of overlearning by .
A.presenting research findings
B.setting down general rules
C.making a comparison
D.using examples
3.According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is .
A.a result of overlearning
B.a special case of cramming
C.a skill to deal with math problems
D.a basic step towards advanced studies北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.What is the author's opinion on cramming?
A.It leads to failure in college exams.
B.It's helpful only in a limited way.
C.It's possible to result in poor memory.
D.It increases students' learning interest.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。为什么我们儿时学到的东西在间隔了多年后仍然记忆犹新?这
也许是由“过度学习法则”所决定的。
1.A 主旨大意题。本段的第一句话为主题句,可以概括本段主题,即人们通常会记得儿时学
到的一些东西,下文主要对此进行举例说明。
2.D 推理判断题。文章第三段列举了很多例子来解释说明 the law of overlearning,如游
泳、骑自行车、打棒球等。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“...because they are another of the things we
overlearn in childhood.”可知,能运用乘法口诀也是因为在儿时的“过度学习”。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,突击学习对于考试虽然有帮助,但却不利于大学的学
习。由此可知,突击学习的帮助是有限的。
长难句 A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well
as ever when he gets back in the water.当多年没有机会游泳的人重新回到水里时,依然能
和过去一样游得非常好。
who引导定语从句,修饰先行词man;when引导时间状语从句。as well as在句中意为
“和……一样好”。
题组二 最佳标题
Passage 1(2020天津,D)话题:怀疑精神 难度:中 词数:421
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the
difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance,
curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.
And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.
Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the
Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why?Why?Why?”
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with
them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,”said Mencius( 孟 子 ), “is he who does not lose his child's
heart.”Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging
custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful
average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps
into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met
and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We
will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep
them awake.
How should you start?Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one
friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the
experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability?
Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time?That's good,
because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe,
mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old?
Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that
Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for
you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
1.In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to .
A.propose a definition
B.make a comparison
C.reach a conclusion
D.present an argument
2.What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C.Creativity results from challenging authority.
D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
3.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A.Observe the unknown around you.
B.Develop a questioning mind.
C.Lead a life of adventure.
D.Follow the fashion.
4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B.Reflections on Human Nature
C.The Keys to Achievement
D.Never Too Late to Learn
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是好奇心和不满足。
本文旨在教育学生唤醒好奇心和不满足,完善自我。
1.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写第一段的目的是 。这是一篇议论文,作者在
第一段亮出自己的观点。D项“提出一个论点”正确。A:提议一个定义;B:作一个比较;C:得
出一个结论。
2.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:伽利略的例子告诉我们什么?根据第二段的尾句可知,D项
“伟大来自持续的探索欲望”正确。 A:反复试验通向真理的发现; B:科学家一般是好奇的、
有野心的;C:创造力因挑战权威产生。
3.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:你能做什么来重获好奇心和不满足?根据文中第四段可知,
作者认为要想重获好奇心和不满足,应该有怀疑精神。故答案为B项“培养怀疑的思维方
式”。 A:观察你身边的未知事物;C:过冒险的生活;D:追随时尚。
4.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第六段和第七段我们可以获知什么?由第六段和第七段北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
可知C项“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”正确。A:获得成功帮你成为专家; B:天
才往往创造性地完成事情;D:当趋于完美时,你应该保持谦逊。
5.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文的最佳题目是什么?从文章的首段可知,作者提出论
点:有成就的人都具有两种品质。将论点高度概括就是题目“获得成就的关键”。故 C项正
确。
高级词块 1.discontent/ˌdɪskənˈtent/ n.不满足 2.modestly/ˈmɒdɪstlɪ/ adv.谦虚地
长难句 However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now,
for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.无论你如何开始,记住没有比
此刻更好的开始时间了,因为你永远不会比此刻更有活力。
however引导让步状语从句,for连接两个并列分句。
Passage 2(2019天津,B)
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I
have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don't remember Mom
reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the
words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing Mom say, “I can't believe
what's printed in the newspaper this morning,”made me want to grab it out of her hands
and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I
carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be
reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then
paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-
old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When Mom said,
“The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,”I knew where the candy was. My progress in
reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself
telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we
passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I
read for knowledge, and to make A's on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel
that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming
more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave
behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new
character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what
happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read
to relax.
We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding.
Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And
I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
1.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of Mom's hands?
A.She wanted Mom to read the news to her.
B.She was anxious to know what had happened.
C.She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.
D.She couldn't help but stop Mom from reading.
2.According to Paragraph 3, the author's reading of road signs indicates .
A.her unique way to locate herself
B.her eagerness to develop her reading ability
C.her effort to remind Mom to obey traffic rules
D.her growing desire to know the world around her
3.What was the author's view on factual reading?
A.It would help her update test-taking skills.
B.It would allow much room for free thinking.
C.It would provide true and objective information.
D.It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.
4.The author takes novel reading as a way to .
A.explore a fantasy land
B.develop a passion for learning
C.learn about the adult community
D.get away from a confusing world
5.What could be the best title for the passage?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.The Magic of Reading
B.The Pleasure of Reading
C.Growing Up with Reading
D.Reading Makes a Full Man
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为优秀品行和正确的人生
态度。本文记述了作者的母亲对作者阅读习惯养成的影响。本文侧重学生的学习能力。
1.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者想要把报纸从妈妈手里夺过来?根据本文第二
段前两句可知答案为B项(她迫切地想知道发生了什么)。A项:她想要妈妈给她读新闻;C项:
她迫不及待地要把报纸撕碎;D项:她忍不住要阻止妈妈阅读。
2.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:根据第三段,作者读路标表明 。根据本文第三段第
5、6句话可知答案为D项(她增长的想认识周围世界的渴望)。A项:她独特的自我定位的方式;
B项:她培养自己阅读能力的渴望;C项:她提醒妈妈遵守交通规则的努力。
3.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者对事实阅读的看法是什么?根据本文第四段第4句话
可知答案为C项(它会提供真实并且客观的信息)。A 项:这将有助于她更新应试技巧;B项:这
将给予自由思考大量的空间; D项:这将有助于形成一种现实且认真的生活态度。
4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者把小说阅读看作是 的一种方式。根据本文第五
段第1句可知答案为D项(逃离令人困惑的世界)。A项:探索奇幻之地;B项:培养学习的热情;
C项:了解成人社区。
5.C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:文章的最佳标题可能是什么?通读整篇文章可以判断出,
本文记述了作者的母亲对作者阅读习惯养成的影响以及作者逐渐养成了好的阅读习惯。由
此得知答案为C项(阅读伴随成长)。A项:阅读的魔力;B项:阅读的快乐;D项:阅读使人充实。
长难句 By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful
and mysterious world where I am now a new character.通过打开小说,我可以抛下我的负担,
进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界,在那里我立刻成为一个全新的人物。
本句为主从复合句。主句中的第一个and连接两个并列谓语,where引导的是定语从句,
先行词为a wonderful and mysterious world。
Passage 3(2019江苏,D)
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer's(阿尔兹北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
海默症). He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the
only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never
performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which
she fell asleep each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a
professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa's best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and
showed willingness to help.
“Why do this?” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares,” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tear in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she'd love to hear him play.
Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his
fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long
pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life
for a stranger.
“It was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording.“The music was
worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was still in
Steve Goodwin. It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He'd move his
fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she'd take his place. He struggled to explain
what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first
time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the
root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn't play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he
could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy
Flower.”
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts. Steve struggling, searching while his
wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve,
angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this
could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve's favorite, and most personal, songs.
With Naomi's help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing
Steve's songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn't.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert,
Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind:“Melancholy Flower.”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it
to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve's permission. He considered it
an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve's music was beautiful and
professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert.
By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his
friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house
lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
1.Why did Melissa want to save her father's music?
A.His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B.She wanted to please her dying old father.
C.His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D.She wanted to make her father a professional.
2.After hearing Steve's playing, Naomi .
A.refused to make a comment on it
B.was deeply impressed by his music
C.decided to free Steve from suffering北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.regretted offering help to her friend
3.How can the process of Steve's recording be described?
A.It was slow but productive.
B.It was beneficial to his health.
C.It was tiresome for Naomi.
D.It was vital for Naomi's career.
4.Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower,” his wife Joni .
A.thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted
B.didn't expect the damage the disease brought about
C.didn't fully realize the value of her husband's music
D.brought her husband's music career to perfection
5.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?
A.He felt concerned about his illness.
B.He sensed a responsibility for music.
C.He regained his faith in music.
D.He got into a state of quiet.
6.What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A.The Kindness of Friends
B.The Power of Music
C.The Making of a Musician
D.The Value of Determination
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为家庭生活、社区生活和
积极的生活态度。文章通过讲述65岁身患阿尔兹海默症的老人Steve在女儿、妻子和女儿的
钢琴家朋友Naomi的帮助下,战胜各种困难,逐步找到自信,使用钢琴进行创作的故事,帮助
学生增强在艰难中认识世界、认识自我的意识,培养其不抛弃、不放弃的优秀品格。
1.C 细节理解题。由题干中的Melissa want to save her father's music可定位到文章第
三段。根据该段关键部分felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she
fell asleep each night when she was young可知,女儿认为爸爸的音乐很有纪念意义,值得
保存下来,故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。由题干After hearing Steve's playing, Naomi .可定位到Naomi北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
听Steve弹奏之后的语句。根据“It was beautiful,”和“The music was worth saving.”可
知,Naomi对Steve的弹奏很欣赏,印象很深刻(deeply impressed),故选B项。
3.A 细节理解题。由题干中的 the process of Steve's recording可定位到文章中描述
Steve 弹奏钢琴的语句。根据 Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart
sinking.可知,Steve的弹奏和录音的过程是缓慢的。结合下文可知,他弹奏的录音是富有成
效的(productive)。故选A。
4.C 推理判断题。由题干Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower,” his wife Joni
.可定位到和Steve的妻子有关的段落。根据“Joni thought that would be the end. But it
wasn't.”和下文提到音乐会的举办可推知,他的妻子当初并未充分意识到她丈夫的音乐的价
值(didn't fully realize the value of her husband's music)。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。由题干中的How did Steve feel at the concert...可定位到文章最后对
Steve参加音乐会的细节介绍。根据文章倒数第二段中“He knew the path his life was now
taking. He told his family he was at peace.” 可 知 ,Steve 现 在 的 状 态 很 平
静(peace/quiet)。故选D。
6.B 主旨大意题。文章的主线是音乐,讲述了阿尔兹海默症患者Steve在家人和朋友的鼓励
和帮助下,充分发挥自己的音乐才能,获得成功的故事。故选B项(The Power of Music)作为
文章的标题。
高级词块 passion n.热衷的爱好 privilege n.荣幸;保密权 clumsily adv.笨拙地
multiple adj.多的 figure out弄明白,搞清楚 permission n.许可
Passage 4(2018天津,C)话题:3D打印技术 难度:中 词数:365
There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus:food.
Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a
mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.
Food production
With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and
beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it
takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a
Foodini to“re-create forms and pieces”of food that are“exactly the same,”freeing
cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts
it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Sustainability(可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some
analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to
maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing
could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use
hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类)and grass to
replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and
emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock“food”that lasts years on end,
freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a
professor at Columbia University, said,“Food printing could allow consumers to
print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating
a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for
you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many
challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状
物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming,
because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that,
most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients because meat and
milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers,
believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end
restaurants.
1.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B.It saves time and effort in cooking.
C.It improves the cooking conditions.
D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.
2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.It solves food shortages easily.
B.It quickens the transportation of food.
C.It needs no space for the storage of food.
D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
3.According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food .
A.is more available to consumers
B.can meet individual nutritional needs
C.is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?
A.The printing process is complicated.
B.3D food printers are too expensive.
C.Food materials have to be dry.
D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
5.What could be the best title of the passage?
A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New Technology
B.A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing
C.The Challenges for 3D Food Production
D.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印技术在食品领域的应用。它可以节省
时间,减少制作食物付出的努力,增加食物供应的持续性,增加食品营养的个性化,当然也面
临着很多挑战。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中关键信息on a mass scale(大量地)和第二段第二句话(不
是每一个人都能做到那一点,它需要花费数年的经验,但是一台打印机使它变得简单)可知,
在制作食物时3D打印技术可以节省时间,减少制作食物付出的努力,故选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句(一些专家认为打印机能够使用从像藻类和草等丰富
的可再生资源中获得的水解胶体来代替熟悉的烹饪原料)可确定答案为D项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段直接引语中的第一句话(食物打印能使客户打印含有定制的
有营养的比如维他命的内容的食物)可确定答案为B项。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句话(除了那一点以外,绝大部分3D食物打印机现在局北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
限于干燥的原料,因为肉和牛奶产品可能容易变质)可确定答案为C项。
5.A 主旨大意题。文章第一句为主题句,它告诉我们文章的主题为3D打印技术的新领域
——食品,接下来主要介绍了这一应用的优点,也提及了它面临的挑战。故选A项。
高级词块 1.on a mass scale 大量地 2.complicated/ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj.复杂的
Passage 5(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C) 词数 325
Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New
Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to
raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联
合)voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to
shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's artistic
adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more
accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells
National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan.“What I'm hoping to accomplish is that
my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black
and white anymore. It's actually color, and it's actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect
of the music has been lost.“The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908
or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the
same,”says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a
dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much
as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me, it's the recontextualization. In music,
where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟)on how
to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets
us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that
the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Those are the things I want to foster.”
1.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A.To remember the birth of jazz.
B.To protect cultural diversity.
C.To encourage people to study music.
D.To recognize the value of jazz.
2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Jazz becoming more accessible.
B.The production of jazz growing faster.
C.Jazz being less popular with the young.
D.The jazz audience becoming larger.
3.What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?
A.It will disappear gradually.
B.It remains black and white.
C.It should keep up with the times.
D.It changes every 50 years.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Exploring the Future of Jazz
B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C.The Story of a Jazz Musician
D.Celebrating the Jazz Day
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日,以此来提高
人们对爵士乐的认识,突出它的重要性。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话 “...to raise awareness of jazz music, its
significance, and...”可知,联合国教科文组织把这一天定为国际爵士乐日是为了提高人
们对爵士乐的认识,突出它的重要性,即让人们认可它的价值,所以答案为D项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述“在美国爵士乐的观众越来越少,年纪也越来越大,
这种音乐和年轻一代失去了联系。改变这一点正是Jason Moran的工作。”可知答案为C项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “It has to continue to move, because...”可知,Moran
认为爵士乐需要不断地前进,因为当今的世界和以前已经不一样了。由此推断出 Moran对爵北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
士乐的看法应该是:爵士乐应该跟上时代的脚步。所以答案为C项。
4.A 主旨要义题。第一段作者提到为了让人们认可爵士乐的价值而设立了国际爵士乐日;
后面描述了爵士乐的现状,指出了为什么现在的年轻人不接受它;再结合最后一段中的“so
I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”可知,本文
的主题就是探索爵士乐的未来,答案为A项。
Passage 6(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C) 词数 317
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first
flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the
next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings
that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet
for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115
in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the
air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition
when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces
the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't
expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000. And it
won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to
Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer
than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted
the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The
Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety
standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's
decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport
aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an
owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly
the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.The basic data of the Transition.
B.The advantages of flying cars.
C.The potential market for flying cars.
D.The designers of the Transition.
2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A.It causes traffic jams.
B.It is difficult to operate.
C.It is very expensive.
D.It burns too much fuel.
3.What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?
A.Cautious.
B.Favorable.
C.Ambiguous.
D.Disapproving.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Flying Car at Auto Show
B.The Transition's First Flight
C.Pilots' Dream Coming True
D.Flying Car Closer to Reality
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为一篇新闻报道,介绍了一种可飞行的汽车的研发情况。内容包括其基本
技术数据信息以及预计价格,政府对该产品研发在政策上的支持以及对未来驾驶这种车辆的
人员的要求等。
1.A 主旨要义题。第一段中首先转述了Terrafugia公司的消息,接着详细介绍了这种能飞
行的汽车的资料:两个座位、四个轮子、上个月在1,400英尺的高空飞行了8分钟、速度在道
路上大约每小时70英里、在空中每小时约115英里以及油耗等。所以第一段主要介绍了这种
汽车的基本资料,答案为A项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “But don't expect it to show up in too many
driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000.” 可推断出,这种汽车不可能在路上大量出现
的原因是这种汽车的价格昂贵。故答案为C项。
3.B 推理判断题。文章没有直接表述政府态度的语句,但根据第三段中的 “The北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
government has already permitted the company to use...”可知,政府已经许可这个公司使
用特殊材料让这种车更容易飞起来。由此推断出政府的态度是肯定的,所以答案为B项。
4.D 主旨要义题。根据第一段第一句话 “...bringing the company closer to its goal of
selling the flying car within the next year.”以及后文对这种汽车的现状和前景的详细
描述可推断出本文的主题应该是:快要成为现实的飞行汽车。所以答案为D项。
Passage 7(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D) 词数 324
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric
car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges
faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in
health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔
绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle
technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving
into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and
intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people,
particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for
preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without
having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this
often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and
losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving
before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The
DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are
for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than
everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep
at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as
a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to
ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A.To explore new means of transport.
B.To design new types of cars.
C.To find out older drivers' problems.
D.To teach people traffic rules.
2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A.It keeps them independent.
B.It helps them save time.
C.It builds up their strength.
D.It cures their mental illnesses.
3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A.Improve their driving skills.
B.Develop driver-assist technologies.
C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D.Organize regular physical checkups.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.A New Model Electric Car
B.A Solution to Traffic Problems
C.Driving Services for Elders
D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了纽卡斯尔大学智能交通工具研究团队把一辆电
动汽车变成了一个移动实验室,其目的是了解老年人驾驶车辆时所面临的各种挑战并找到老
年人的重要压力点,以便运用科技手段辅助老年人克服各种困难,保障他们的驾车安全,从而
延长他们的驾龄。
1.C 推理判断题。 短文第一段就明确指出,纽卡斯尔大学智能交通工具研究团队把一辆电
动汽车变成了一个移动实验室,其目的是了解老年人驾车所面临的各种挑战,并找到老年人北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
的重要压力点。文章第六段中Amy Guo博士进一步解释说DriveLAB有助于他们了解老年驾
车者的重要压力点和所面临的各种困难。由此可判断出C项为正确选项。
2.A 推理判断题。由短文第四段可知,对于很多老年人,特别是独自生活或生活在乡下的老
人来说,驾车在他们保持独立自主、不依靠别人就能自由到外面活动方面至关重要。依据上
述信息,可判断出正确选项为A。
3.B 推理判断题。第一个信息点在短文第三段,该段说纽卡斯尔大学研究团队正在为老年
驾驶者研发车载技术,希望这些技术能帮助老年人延长驾龄。第二个信息点在最后一段的
“technological solutions to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel”。
由以上信息可知,B项正确。
4.D 主旨要义题。由第三段最后一句中help them to continue driving into later life可
知D项正确。
Passage 8(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,
or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may
also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural
groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every
gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view
it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating
among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a
person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be
implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said
before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with
conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of
power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show
agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may
use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude
to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian
cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence
when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.
Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so
that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on
unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use
this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other
cultures.
1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A.It implies anger.
B.It promotes friendship.
C.It is culture-specific.
D.It is content-based.
2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A.The Chinese.
B.The French.
C.The Mexicans.
D.The Russians.
3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B.Break it while treating patients.
C.Evaluate its harm to patients.
D.Make use of its healing effects.
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A.Sound and Silence
B.What It Means to Be Silent
C.Silence to Native Americans
D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了沉默在不同风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在
医疗方面的作用。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章前三段可知沉默在不同风俗中所表达的含义不同,由此可判断
在谈话中的沉默是有风俗特性的,故选C项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知正如一些传统的中国人和泰国人做的那样,许多印
第安人重视沉默,认为沉默是交流的一个基本的部分。并且在这些风俗里,沉默是一个思考
的需要。根据第二段的Chinese and Thai persons 可将B、C、D排除。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知护士和其他护理人员要明白沉默的治疗价值,并
且使用这种方式帮助来自自己风俗的或其他风俗的病人,故选D项。其他三项文中未提到。
4.B 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是沉默在各个风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面
的作用,故选B项,意为“沉默的意义”。A项“声音和沉默”,文中未提及声音。C项显然只
是说美国人,有些片面。D项“说话是银,沉默是金”,与文章内容不符。
Passage 9(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)
Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups.
They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website
BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.
BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the
person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure,
traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says,“The two things
that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing
combines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee
shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they
thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about
where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to
be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real”and
not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than
one hundred thirty-five countries.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A.To explain what they are.
B.To introduce BookCrossing.
C.To stress the importance of reading.
D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.
2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.The book.
B.An adventure.
C.A public place.
D.The identification number.
3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A.Meet other readers to discuss it.
B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.
C.Pass it on to another reader.
D.Mail it back to its owner.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Online Reading:A Virtual Tour
B.Electronic Books:A New Trend
C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back
D.A Website Links People through Books
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网站BookCrossing.com用一种新型的书
的传递方式,将人们通过书联系了起来。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知作者提到 book groups是为了介绍网站
BookCrossing.com的新颖的读书模式,因此选B。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知,那个人将读过的书留在公共场合,希望那
本书有一次冒险经历,伴随着每一个发现它的新的读者到处旅行。
3.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知,读过书的人会将书留在公园的长凳上、公交
车上、火车站里和咖啡店里,同时根据第五段倒数第一句可判断这个想法是针对那些不把书
放在家里让它们落一层尘土的慷慨的人的,故选C项。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据全文可知,文章主要讲述的是一种新型的读书方式,通过书的传递使北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
人们从虚拟世界回到真实的世界。由此可判断是这个网站将人们联系了起来,故选D项。
Passage 10(2016四川,D)
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a
good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if
it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),
which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with
dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were
less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime,
according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on
humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are
struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping
sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending
skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat
you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk .
A.started sleep more easily
B.were more anxious
C.were less active
D.woke up later
2.Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A.It's been tested on mice for ten times.
B.It can make people more energetic.
C.It exists in milk in great amount.
D.It's used in sleeping drugs.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
3.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Night Milk and Sleep
B.Fat, Sugar and Health
C.An Experiment on Mice
D.Milk Drinking and Health
4.How does the author support the theme of the text?
A.By giving examples.
B.By stating arguments.
C.By explaining statistical data.
D.By providing research results.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。文章主要阐述了牛在夜间产出的牛奶
和睡眠之间的关系,科研人员对此进行了实验,发现这样的牛奶有助于睡眠。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知:那些被喂食了夜间产出的含十倍量褪黑激素牛奶
的老鼠和被喂食了白天产出的牛奶的老鼠相比积极性要差些,也不容易焦躁,故答案为 B 项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第六段可知:建议晚上睡眠有困难的人服用褪黑激素药物,故答
案为D 项,褪黑激素被用于安眠药中。
3.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段就给出了本文的主题:夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系,夜
间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠,故答案为A项。
4.D 推理判断题。文章是通过一系列的研究结果来支持主题的,所以D 项正确。
高级词块 ①nod off打瞌睡 ②skimmed milk脱脂奶
长 难 句 Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of
melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected
during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.根
据发表在The Journal of Medicinal Food的一项研究,那些被喂食了夜间产出的含十倍量褪
黑激素牛奶的老鼠和被喂食了白天产出的牛奶的老鼠相比积极性要差些,也不容易焦躁。
本句是复合句。given night milk 作第一个those的定语;which引导的定语从句修饰
night milk; fed with the milk collected during daytime 是第二个 those 的定语,其中
collected during daytime作它前面milk的定语。
Passage 11(2016天津,D)
Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
nothing more tiring than not succeeding.
We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue( 疲 惫 )and
performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is
either too boring or too difficult.And the longer we delay it, the more tired we
feel.
Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something
in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply:
always handle the most difficult job first.
Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous
authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字
母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day's
work with the difficult task of essay-writing.Experience proved that the rule works.
Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started,
we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however
hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can—
then let the unconscious take over.
When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全书》), I had to create a
table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever
been done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them
worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.
One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could
not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem
itself, not with me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.
An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks
that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct
at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now
as exciting as failure had been depressing.
Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling
tired.
1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
A.delay tasks
B.work hard
C.seek help
D.accept failure
2.What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue?
A.Writing essays in strict order.
B.Building up physical strength.
C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.
D.Dealing with the hardest task first.
3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?
A.Before starting a difficult task.
B.When all the solutions fail.
C.If the job is rather boring.
D.After finding a way out.
4.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us .
A.ignore mental problems
B.get some nice sleep
C.gain complete relief
D.find the right solution
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Success Is Built upon Failure
B.How to Handle Performance Fatigue
C.Getting over Fatigue:A Way to Success
D.Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health Problems
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。题材为社会生活类。我们都在努力追求成功,想一下在你
追求成功的路上遇到的最大障碍是什么。本文就我们在成功路上遇到的两种情况的疲惫做
了说明。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的描述可知,第一种情况的疲惫(start-up fatigue)会使得
人们不停地把工作任务往后推(keep putting off a task)。由此可知答案为A项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话的 always handle the most difficult job first北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
可知防止出现这种疲惫情况的方法就是总是先处理最困难的任务,所以答案为D项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的however hard we work, we fail again and again可知这
种疲惫是在我们一次次努力去解决问题,但是一次次失败了的情况下发生的。所以答案为 B
项:当所有的解决办法都行不通的时候。
4.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的the solution which had come up in my unconscious
mind proved correct at every step可知,在我无意识的情况下想出来的解决办法在解决问
题中每一步都证明是正确的,所以答案为D项。
5.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出:没有什么事情比不成功更让人疲惫的了;后面几段分别
描述了常见的两种疲惫以及各自的解决办法;最后总结:成功就意味着永远不会感到疲惫。
所以本文的主题是:消除疲惫——通往成功之路。故答案为C项。
Passage 12(2015课标全国Ⅱ,B)
Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your
home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make
your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your
home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to
encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they're
in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't
have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one
study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a
yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while
cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint,go blue.
Don't forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about
70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin
keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while
you're at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on
relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat
about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And
we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny
glass.
1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about .
A.their home comforts
B.their body shape
C.house buying
D.healthy diets
2.A home environment in blue can help people .
A.digest food better
B.reduce food intake
C.burn more calories
D.regain their appetites
3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A.Eat quickly.
B.Play fast music.
C.Use smaller spoons.
D.Turn down the lights.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Is Your House Making You Fat?
B.Ways of Serving Dinner
C.Effects of Self-Consciousness
D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境进行饮食调节的方法。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一句和第二句可知,本文的阅读对象主要是那些关心自己体
形的人。故选B项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句话可知,研究发现人在蓝色房间里比在黄色或红
色房间里吃饭时少摄入33%的食物。故选B。
3.C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第四句话可知,我们使用大的汤匙时摄入食物的总量
比使用小的汤匙时摄入食物的总量多14%。故选C。北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
4.A 主旨大意题。整篇文章主要介绍了几种通过改变屋内环境与设施进行饮食调节的方法。
故选A。
评析 本题考查对文章主旨大意的把握能力。抓住文章主题句是破解此类题目的关键。第一
段中最后一句是本文的中心句,说明下文要介绍几种通过改变屋内环境与设施进行饮食调节
的方法,据此可迅速锁定正确答案。
Passage 13(2015安徽,B)
When her five daughters were young,Helene An always told them that there was
strength in unity(团结).To show this,she held up one chopstick,representing one
person.Then she easily broke it into two pieces.Next,she tied several chopsticks
together,representing a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied
chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in
California.However,when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in
1975,they didn't have much money.They moved their family to San Francisco.There they
joined Danny's mother,Diana,who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon
afterwards,Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese
restaurant.The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were
young.However,Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family
business because she thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for
themselves,but one by one,the daughters returned to work in the family business.They
opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members
sometimes disagreed with each other,they worked together to make the business
successful.Daughter Elizabeth explains,“Our mother taught us that to succeed we
must have unity,and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the
family,there is no business.”
Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996,with three
generations of Ans working together.Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20
million each year.Although they began with a small restaurant,they had big
dreams,and they worked together.Now they are a big success.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show .
A.the strength of family unity
B.the difficulty of growing up
C.the advantage of chopsticks
D.the best way of giving a lesson
2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family .
A.started a business in 1975
B.left Vietnam without much money
C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco
D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
3.What can we infer about the An daughters?
A.They did not finish their college education.
B.They could not bear to work in the family business.
C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.
D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.How to Run a Corporation
B.Strength Comes from Peace
C.How to Achieve a Big Dream
D.Family Unity Builds Success
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为日常生活类。用一家人的故事证明了“团结就是力量”。
Helene An 带领她的五个女儿把一家小餐馆经营成了一个每年盈利两千多万美元的大型企业。
1.A 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话“This lesson about family unity stayed with the
daughters as they grew up.”可知答案。
2.B 细节理解题。由第二段第二句“However, when Helene and her husband Danny left
their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money.”可知答案。
3.C 推理判断题。由第三段最后女儿Elizabeth 所讲的话可以看出妈妈对她们的影响很大。
4.D 主旨大意题。由文章首段故事的引入以及文章最后两句话的呼应可以看出,文章的最
佳标题是“家庭团结创造成功”。
Passage 14(2015福建,E)北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and
sustain( 保 持 )a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging,yet fun and
empowering!Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the
body.However,studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups,it's not
only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.It's an
opportunity to be social,release endorphins( 内 啡 肽 ),and improve your
strength.Additionally,group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common
goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a
fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support
participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel
lost and don't want to embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate,then group
training is an even better option for you.It's a great opportunity to learn more
about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision(监管)of a fitness
instructor.If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming
bored,you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on
track.Don't let fitness frighten you!
If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle,it's extremely
important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper
emotional support.I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in
turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my
health.Surround yourself with people who uplift,encourage and understand you!Make
fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class,with a
friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice
bar!Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be
very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness
goals.First,decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make
sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Don't let negativity ruin
your motivation.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
1.The first paragraph focuses on .
A.the greatest challenge of group exercise
B.the most effective way to improve physical fitness
C.the contribution of group exercise to psychological health
D.the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups
2.The underlined word“upbeat”in the second paragraph probably means“ ”.
A.cheerful
B.average
C.serious
D.temporary
3.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary .
A.to sustain a colorful lifestyle
B.to party on weekends with positive people
C.to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly
D.to surround yourself with supportive people
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Seeking Support
B.Supporting Health
C.Improving Your Strength
D.Building Up Fitness
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为健康生活类。本文主要讲述了群体健身活动给人们身体、
心理方面带来的好处。
1.C 主旨大意题。做此题时要注意第一段中 However后的内容,在该部分中出现了not
only...but...结构,该结构的重心在 but 部分,即本句的重心为 It is great for
psychological health,故本题答案为C项。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句子中的If you're tired of...及becoming bored可推
知upbeat意为“快乐的”,故答案为A项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的emotional support可知本题的答案在第三段第一句,即作
者认为:和为你提供精神支持的人在一起非常必要,故答案为D项。
4.B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了参加群体健身活动给人们身体带来的好处以及为了保持北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
健康在群体健身活动中的做法,故选B项。
Passage 15(2014江西,C)
Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a
hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your
life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page,not with your eyes but
with your finger-tips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills,two-thirds of the world's 42 million
blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately,rich countries possess most of this
knowledge,while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world's
only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness
worldwide.Inside a DC—8 aircraft,there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with
television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of
bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful
cooperation(合作)among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-
week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000
doctors and nurses,who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every
year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten
million blind in China,ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS
team is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye
care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and
free people from blindness.
For just US $38,you can help one person see;for $380 you can bring sight to 10
people;$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills;and for $13,000 you can provide a
training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see
again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the
quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
1.The first paragraph is intended to .
A.introduce a new way of reading北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
B.advise the public to lead a simple life
C.direct the public's attention to the blind
D.encourage the public to use imagination
2.What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?
A.They are adequate.
B.They have not been updated.
C.They are not equally distributed.
D.They have benefited most of the blind.
3.ORBIS aims to help the blind by .
A.teaching medical students
B.training doctors and nurses
C.running flying hospitals globally
D.setting up non-profit organizations
4.What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?
A.Appeal for donations.
B.Make an advertisement.
C.Promote training programs.
D.Show sympathy for the blind.
5.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.ORBIS in China
B.Fighting Blindness
C.ORBIS Flying Hospital
D.Sight-saving Techniques
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。在医疗知识和技术不均衡的社会背景下,
一个国际非营利组织——ORBIS 在全球范围对医生和护士进行技能培训,从而帮助盲人远离
失明。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段作者提到的Close your eyes 以及...read this page,not
with your eyes but with your finger-tips 可知,作者想把公众的注意力引向失明的人,故
选C。
2.C 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 ...rich countries possess most of this北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
knowledge,while developing countries do not.可知,医疗知识和技术的分配不均衡,故C
为正确答案。A(它们是充足的)、B(它们没有被更新)两项在文中没有提到,故被排除。D项(它
们让大部分盲人受益了)与第二段...two-thirds of the world's 42 million blind should
not have to suffer.不符,故排除D项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段的ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing
training during three-week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight-saving
techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses...可知,这个组织是想通过对医生和护士
的培训来帮助盲人。故正确答案为B项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please
help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than
ourselves.这两句话暗示了作者在呼吁人们捐款,因此A是正确答案。
5.C 主旨大意题。纵观全文,作者介绍了ORBIS对医生和护士进行医疗技能的培训来帮助盲
人远离失明。因此,C为最佳答案。A、B、D在文章中有所提及,但并不是文章的主旨,因此作为
本文的标题不合适。
Passage 16(2014湖南,B)
In the mid-1950s,I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who
believed that doin g an y mor e tha n necessar y wa s waste d effor t.One day,this approach
threw me into embarrassment.
In Mrs.Totten's eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in
Anderson,Indiana,we were learning to add and subtract decimals(小数).
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework,which would be recited in class
the following day.On most days,our grades were based on our oral answers to homework
questions.
Mrs.Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from
student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework
sheets.She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work
toward the other end.
Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students,it was easy to figure out
which questions I might have to answer.This particular time,I had completed my usual
two or three problems according to my calculations.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
What I failed to expect was that several students were absent,which threw off my
estimate.As Mrs.Totten made her way from the beginning of the class,I desperately
tried to determine which math problem I would get.I tried to work it out before she
got to me,but I had brain freeze and couldn't function.
When Mrs.Totten reached my desk,she asked what answer I'd got for problem
No.14.“I...I didn't get anything,”I answered,and my face felt warm.
“Correct,”she said.
It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
What did I learn that day?First,always do all your homework.Second,in real life
it isn't always what you say but how you say it that matters.Third,I would never make
it as a mathematician.
If I could choose one school day that taught me the most,it would be that one.
1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?
A.It is wise to value one's time.
B.It is important to make an effort.
C.It is right to stick to one's belief.
D.It is enough to do the necessary.
2.Usually,Mrs.Totten asked her students to .
A.recite their homework together
B.grade their homework themselves
C.answer their homework questions orally
D.check the answers to their homework questions
3.The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always
.
A.asked questions in a regular way
B.walked up and down when asking questions
C.chose two or three questions for the students
D.requested her students to finish their usual questions
4.The author failed to get the questions he had expected because .
A.the class didn't begin as usual
B.several students didn't come to school北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.he didn't try hard to make his estimate
D.Mrs.Totten didn't start from the back of the class
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.An Unforgettable Teacher
B.A Future Mathematician
C.An Effective Approach
D.A Valuable Lesson
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为学校生活。“我”曾经自以为是地认为做自己认为必要
的事情就够了,然而在八年级的一节数学课上,“我”所遇到的尴尬让“我”明白了“我”所
付出的努力还不够。
1.D 猜测词义题。此句话可直译为“做任何超出必要的事都是浪费精力”,通过阅读下文
能够知道作者刚开始只做自己认为有必要做的事情,因此D项符合题意。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知本题应选择C项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知老师通常提问的方式是有规律的,故选择A项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第六段的第一句“What I failed to expect was that several
students were absent...”可知本题选择B项。
5.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者通过上这节数学课得到了教训,文章的最后一段也提
到“If I could choose one school day that taught me the most,it would be that one.”,因
此本题选择D项。
Passage 17(2014福建,D)
Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.Strange
as it may seem,if you're unsatisfied,the issue is not a lack of means to meet your
desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you
don't have enough tastes.
Real riches consist of well-developed and hearty capacities(能力)to enjoy
life.Most people are already swamped(淹没)with things.They eat,wear,go and talk too
much. The y liv e i n to o bi g a hous e wit h to o man y rooms,ye t thei r hous e o f lif e i s a
hut .
Your house of life ought to be a mansion( 豪 宅 ),a royal palace.Every new
taste,every additional interest,every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.Here are several北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
rooms your house of life should have.
Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of
beautiful things.If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on
them,they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you're
hungry.
Literature,classic literature,is a beautiful,richly furnished room where you
might find many an hour of rest and refreshment.To gain that love would go toward
making you a rich person,for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who
likes a library.
Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent.Real riches are of the
spirit.And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and
makes you a little drunk,you have increased your thrills and bettered them.And life
is a matter of thrills.
Sports,without which you remain poor,mean a lot in life.No matter who you
are,you would be more human,and your house of life would be better supported against
the bad days,if you could,and did,play a bit.
Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life,the secret of enjoying life is
to keep adding.
1.The author intends to tell us that .
A.true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means
B.big houses are people's most valued possessions
C.big houses can in a sense bring richness of life
D.true happiness comes from spiritual riches
2.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that .
A.however materially rich,they never seem to be satisfied
B.however materially rich,they remain spiritually poor
C.though their house is big,they prefer a simple life
D.though their house is big,it seems to be a cage
3.It can be learned from the passage that .
A.more money brings more happiness
B.art is needed to make your house beautiful北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.literature can enrich your spiritual life
D.sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.House of Life
B.Secret of Wealth
C.Rest and Refreshment
D.Interest and Enthusiasm
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材是社会生活类。作者认为一个人要想快乐和幸福,要让自
己的心灵之“墅”富有。文章诠释了“真正的幸福源于精神富有”的道理。
1.D 推理判断题。文章的主要目的就是告诉人们真正的幸福和快乐来自精神上的富有,所
以正确答案为D项。
2.B 猜测词义题。画线部分句子的意思是“人们住太大的房子,有太多的房间,然而他们的
生命之家依然是个简陋的小房子”和B项 “不管物质上多富有,他们在精神上仍然很贫
穷” 的内容接近。故选B项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段可以推断 “文学能丰富你的精神生活”,故答案为C项。
A项为无关信息。从文章中的信息可以看出,art可以丰富你的精神生活,而不是美化你的房
子,所以B项错误。sports也可以丰富精神生活,而不仅仅是使身体健康,所以D项错误。
4.A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述精神生活的心灵之“墅”,关键词就是“house of life”,故
答案为A项。
Passage 18(2013课标全国Ⅱ,A)
Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don't listen because they already
know it all.I was lucky:I became a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated
from medical school.I didn't realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better
surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,I
learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make
flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good
result,regardless of positions.
I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were
flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
ready.The attending doctor was flying;I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of
the bad turn,he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架)down.He was a better
pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in
danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to put the landing gear down
now!”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and I've used it in the
operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further
requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesn't
overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when
I'm in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they're not
willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them,someday someone
will keep me from “ landin g gea r u p”.
1.What does the author say about doctors in general?
A.They like flying by themselves.
B.They are unwilling to take advice.
C.They pretend to be good pilots.
D.They are quick learners of CRM.
2.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .
A.he saved the plane by speaking up
B.he was in charge of a flying task
C.his boss landed the plane too late
D.his boss operated on a patient
3.In the last paragraph “landing gear up”probably means .
A.following flying requirements
B.overreacting to different opinions
C.listening to what fellow doctors say
D.making a mistake that may cost lives
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe
B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor
C.The Making of a Good Pilot北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor
答案
[语篇解读] 日常工作中医生往往听不进别人的观点和建议,这一点很糟糕。“我”通过自
己的一次经历深深理解了一种工作原理——CRM的重要性,那什么是CRM呢?
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段的They don't listen because they already know it all.可
知作者认为医生们总是认为自己什么都知道所以就不听别人的意见,故选B项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to
put the landing gear down now!”可知是我在紧要关头勇敢说出自己的建议而挽救了我俩的
性命,故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。最后一段作者描述自己在给病人做手术的时候总是鼓励别人发表意见,
但有时候他们不愿意说,我还是继续鼓励。这样做是为了某一天有人会让我避免犯下致命的
错误,就像当初我提醒我的老板及时放下起落架一样,故选D项。其他三项与该句中的keep
me from搭配不符合文章要表达的意思。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon以及
第二段用自己的一次亲身经历来证明这一点和最后一段我在自己的工作中坚持 CRM工作法
可知本文的主题是:飞行让我变成了一个更好的医生。
长难句 It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor
doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.
这就进一步要求医生们在听到相反观点的时候,不要反应过激。这么做会使得同事们再也不
发表他们的观点了。
It further requires that...这进一步要求……。which引导非限制性定语从句。
Passage 19(2013辽宁,B)
Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.Whether that is
good or bad,we can't really say,but for the two of us,going green is not a fad but a
lifestyle.
On April 22,2011,we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This
meant doing 365 different green things,and it also meant challenging ourselves to go
green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy,we had to
think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year,Our Green Year北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in
their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to
help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year,we completely changed our lifestyles.We now
shop at organic(有机的)stores.We consume less meat,choosing green food.We have
greatly reduced our buying we don't need.We have given away half of what we owned
through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice,with no chemical
cleaners.We make our own butter,enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread.In our
home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to
have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to
change things and help our planet.
1.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Going Green
B.Protecting the Planet
C.Keeping Open-Minded
D.Celebrating Our Green Year
2.It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because
.
A.they were expected to follow the green fad
B.they didn't know how to educate other people
C.they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D.they needed to perform unusual green tasks
3.What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?
A.They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.
B.They ignored others' ungreen behavior.
C.They chose better chemical cleaners.
D.They sold their home-made food.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The government will give support to the green project.
B.The couple may continue their project in the future.北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》A版
C.Some people disagree with the couple's green ideas.
D.Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述“我”和妻子一年的环保行为。
1.A 主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据关键句 “but for the two of us,going green is not a
fad but a lifestyle”和“Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.”可知文章主要
讲述“我”和妻子一年的环保行为,故选A项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话可知一年365天每天都做一件不同的环保事情绝
非易事,故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句至第七句的描述可知“我”和妻子在那一年的时间里
在试图改掉以前的不环保习惯,故选A项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知选B项。
