专题12 说明文、议论文（全国通用）
考点
五年考情（2024-2026）
命题趋势
考点1
人与自我类
（5 年3 考）
2026 全国一卷--艺术提升抽象思维；
2026 全国二卷--家务培养责任感；
2025 八省联考卷--体育锻炼促进记忆。
1.说明文选材通常是科技领域的最新科
研成果(介绍最新科技、重大成就、新
产品、新工艺等)；人们比较关心的社
会问题和令人好奇的自然现象以及人
文地理、风土人情等等。
2.说明文设问侧重实验原理、操作步
骤、数据对比、事物利弊、技术作
用。
3.从段落组织方式上分五种：总分式结
构；并列式结构；对照式结构；递进
式结构；连贯式结构。
4.选项命题套路：正确答案统一为原文
同义改写；干扰项设置偷换概念、扩
大范围、片面截取、无中生有。
5.如果文章有标题那首先就要抓住文章
的标题明确说明对象或是关注文章主
题句、各段首末句明确说明对象；其
次可抓住文章的结构归纳说明对象。
考点2
人与社会类
（5 年7 考）
2026 全国二卷--地铁能量回收；
2026 浙江1 月卷--科技产品性别化；
2025 全国二卷--餐厅创意改造被丢弃食材；
2025 八省联考卷—独特的城市社区；
2024 新课标II 卷—人工智能安全发展；
2024 全国甲卷—医疗列车巡回服务；
2024 浙江1 月卷—棉花糖测试的背后。
考点3
人与自然类
（5 年9 考）
2026 全国一卷---城市树木与臭氧；
2026 浙江1 月卷--矩阵园艺；
2025 全国一卷--减少自来水中微塑料；
2025 全国二卷--室内植物利于身心；
2025 浙江1 月卷--矩阵式种植方法；
2024 新课标I 卷—科学记录生物多样性；
2024 新课标I 卷—巴比伦微农场；
2024 全国甲卷—对猫的行为研究；
2024 浙江1 月卷—农民担心冰雹计划。
Passage 1
（2026· 全国一卷）In line with longstanding initiatives to expand the green spaces, New York City is
planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a
surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just
plain beauty.
Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently
account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene.
Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and
industry to form ground- level ozone（臭氧）— a major factor in many breathing problems.
The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found
that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in
coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%.
"We're all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things," said study coauthor Róisín Commane.
"But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse."
The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several
years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem
Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy: “We
could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said.
"We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks," and neither will the department completely stop planting
new ones, said Auyeung. "You have to think about what you would lose if you do that." Oaks are keystone
species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals.
28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums?
A. They affect the growth of other trees.
B. They absorb less carbon than expected.
C. They harm people's health indirectly.
D. They raise the local temperature slowly.
29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study?
A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees.
B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades.
C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings.
D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees.
30. What does the underline phase "oblivious to" in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Honest about B. Unaware of
C. Related to D. Optimistic about
31. What would Auyeung probably advocate?
A. Reducing car use in daily life.
B. Providing animals with new habitats.
C. Controlling population growth.
D. Doing more research on the problem.
【答案】28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，
间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s
trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts
rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level
ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们
会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮
氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物
质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人
体健康。
29. 推理判断题。根据第三段“ if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene
production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as
much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量
将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane 认为如果继续沿用以往的
树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane 所说“But if we’re not
careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，
她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。
30.词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago
concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城
市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而
推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B 项“Unaware of”意思一致。
31.推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung 的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-
centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生
活中减少汽车使用。
Passage 2
（2026·全国一卷）A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认
知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.
In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle's Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay
objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the "beauty" group was asked to actively consider and
then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of
the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and
whether it's in a more practical or abstract way.
Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control
group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants
were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect
was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract
thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.
Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the
gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels
of "transformative and self-transcendent feelings" — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired
— than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than
the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking,
rather than any overall positivity from the experience.
"We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen," said Simone Schnall, senior
author of the study. "It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that's when
we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the
abstract cognitive processes."
32. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects?
A. Draw their outlines.
B. Give each piece a rating.
C. Compare their prices.
D. Make a copy of each piece.
33. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test?
A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby.
B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby.
C. Control group, with an artistic hobby.
D. Control group, without an artistic hobby.
34. Why were the participants' emotional states measured?
A. To discover their attitudes towards art.
B. To identify their specific thinking patterns.
C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks.
D. To determine factors behind the test results.
35. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art?
A. It enhances emotional ties.
B. It needs critical thinking skills.
C. It creates positive feelings.
D. It encourages abstract thinking.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，
并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group
was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group
just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要
求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实
物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the
beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in
the control group.(在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对
照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty
group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such
as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报
告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出
23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。
34.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about
their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported
an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved,
enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report
feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that
influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(研究人员还通过询问受
试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕
变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关
键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，
而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到
了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。
35.推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare
the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(剑桥大学的一组
心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段
中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the
control group in abstract thinking.(在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”
以及第五段中的“ Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive
processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴
艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术
之美促进抽象思维。
Passage 3
（2026·全国二卷）The peak of Mount Qomolangma, 8,849 meters above sea level. Chimborazo, 6,263 m;
Mont Blanc, 4,806 m; Pradidali hut, at the foot of the Pala group in the Dolomites, 2,278 m. It is common practice
to provide the elevation (高度) of a place. Simple readings are now readily available on our phones and wearables.
But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the
height of an object or a location.
The idea of sea level as a reference point for elevations has by now been around for so long as to go
essentially unnoticed — we mention it without even considering what it means. That the concept has a history is
easily ignored. We tend to forget that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In
this book I tell a story of these assumptions.
Appropriately, the book took shape during a summer spent between sea and mountains. A month after visiting
the French Riviera and enjoying the sandy beaches of Nice and Menton, I went hiking with friends in the Pala
group. Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings offered by our altimeters ( 测高
仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This sense of uncertainty led me to think
about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the conceptual history of sea level.
In this book I examine three crucial stages in the history of mean sea level. These stages mirror the
development of human conceptions of the sea. Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue
of sea-level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of
2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since 1993.
28. What does the author point out at the beginning of the text?
A. Some mountains are getting higher.
B. Data on wearables are misleading.
C. The concept of elevation is relative.
D. The reference point is hard to locate.
29. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. How the altimeter was invented.
B. What initiated the author’s research.
C. Why the digital readings varied.
D. Where the author spent his holiday.
30. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the last paragraph?
A. The book.
B. The project.
C. The issue.
D. The development.
31. What can be the title of the book mentioned in the text?
A. The Altimeter: A Must-Have
B. Sea Level: A History
C. Meaning of Zero: Nothing or Everything
D. Mountains to Seas: Ups and Downs
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】文章主要探讨了海拔高度的相对性，以及海平面作为参考点的历史演变。作者通过个人经历引出
对海平面概念的思考，并介绍了其著作中关于平均海平面历史的研究。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point
allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location. (但海拔必定是相对的：只有选择一个
参考点，我们才能用数字表达一个物体或位置的高度。) ”可知，作者在文章开头指出海拔的概念是相对的。
29.主旨大意题。根据第三段“Resting on a pass near the Pradidali hut, we began discussing the readings
offered by our altimeters (测高仪). Why did they vary ever so slightly from one instrument to the next? This
sense of uncertainty led me to think about the meaning of zero. This is how I began my search for the
conceptual history of sea level. (在Pradidali 小屋附近的山口休息时，我们开始讨论测高仪上的读数。为什
么不同仪器之间的读数略有差异？这种不确定性让我开始思考零的含义。这就是我开始探究海平面概念史
的原因。)”可推知，本段主要讲述了作者研究工作的起因。
30.词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Since I began thinking about this project in August 2011, the issue of sea-
level rise and the need to place it historically have only become more urgent: between then and the end of
2022 the global sea rose by almost 5 centimeters, about half of the overall rise recorded by satellites since
1993.(自从我在2011 年8 月开始思考这个项目以来，海平面上升的问题以及将它置于历史背景下的必要性
变得愈发紧迫：从那时到2022 年底，全球海平面上升了近5 厘米，约占自1993 年以来卫星记录的总体上
升幅度的一半。)”可知，划线词“it”指代前文提到的“the issue of sea-level rise”中的“the issue”，即海平
面上升的问题。
31.推理判断题。通读全文，根据第二段“That the concept has a history is easily ignored. We tend to forget
that sea level is a product of technically and culturally determined assumptions. In this book, I tell a story of
these assumptions.(这个概念有一段历史很容易被忽视。我们往往忘记海平面是技术和文化决定的假设的产
物。在这本书中，我讲述了这些 的故事。)”以及第四段“In this book I examine three crucial stages
in the history of mean sea level.(在这本书中，我考察了平均海平面历史的三个关键阶段。)”可推知，该书
主要探讨海平面的历史。因此，这本书最合适的标题是“海平面：一段历史”。
Passage 4
（2026·全国二卷）The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out
to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to
help charge an electric car.
Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener,
while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric
vehicle market.
Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy
from the underground trains’ brakes ( 刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the
remainder is sent snaking through cables ( 电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned
vehicles.
Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly
surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a
working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.”
Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric
motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That
energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system,
sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.
Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for
recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he
said, boosts efficiency.
32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project?
A. To fuel the city’s economy.
B. To enhance passengers’ experience.
C. To promote green transportation.
D. To raise the quality of electric cars.
33. What is Espinoza’s concern?
A. How to cut his travel expenses.
B. Where to get a parking space.
C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic.
D. Where to find a charging point.
34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5?
A. Their operating conditions.
B. Their conventional standard.
C. Their potential risks.
D. Their working mechanism.
35. What did Luna say about the system?
A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively.
B. It improves workers’ efficiency.
C. It prioritizes the safety of trains.
D. It generates jobs for the locals.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. D 35. A
【导语】文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现
绿色交通与能源高效利用。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to
help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s
difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公
共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项
目目的是推广绿色交通。
33.细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to
plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮
诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充
电。”)”可知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。
34.主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“ They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the
braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to
accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity
for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量
——这些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗
那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工
作原理。
35.细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is
innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case
powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在
于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)”可知，
卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。
Passage 5
（2026·浙江1 月卷）Human beings have always loved reviews: word of mouth has long been regarded as
one of the most valuable marketing tools available to a company. Consumers enjoy reading and giving reviews.
However, the problem is that a lot of the reviews are fake ( 假的). Shabnam Azimi and Alexander Krasnikov of
Loyola University of Chicago and Kwong Chan of Northeastern University recently published a study on fake
reviews.
The study used a dataset of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of them were real; others were fake. The
reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews to read: a balanced set of two positive fake,
two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real, presented in a random order. The reviews were written
by real people who were given information about the hotel.
The results show that consumers generally trust negative reviews more than positive ones. Moreover, we
humans tend to assume that positive reviews might be fake. “Overall, negative reviews are less common. So, we
pay more attention to them. When a negative review is fake, we get tricked,” Azimi says.
When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review
of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the
other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews
short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers — or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study
participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more
dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.
The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are
being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms ( 算法) to weed
out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to
spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign.
28. Which aspect of the study does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. Its design.
B. Its findings.
C. Its purposes.
D. Its significance.
29. What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Funny.
B. Abusive.
C. Insightful.
D. Praising.
30. What kind of review would readers most likely trust?
A. A long, positive one.
B. An unemotional, negative one.
C. A short, negative one.
D. An enthusiastic, positive one.
31. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Many companies are producing fake reviews.
B. Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal.
C. Machines can detect fake reviews accurately.
D. It will be harder to recognize fake reviews.
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍关于虚假评论的一项研究，包括研究设计、结果发现以及AI
生成虚假评论带来的识别难题等内容。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study used a data set of 1,600 reviews of Chicago hotels. Some of
them were real; others were fake. The reviews were presented to 400 subjects. Each subject got eight reviews
to read: a balanced set of two positive fake, two positive real, two negative fake and two negative real,
presented in a random order. The reviews were written by real people who were given information about the
hotel.(该研究使用了芝加哥酒店的1600 条评论作为数据集，其中一些是真实的，另一些是虚假的。这些评
论被呈现给400 名受试者，每位受试者要阅读8 条评论：两组均衡的评论，包括2 条虚假好评、2 条真实
好评、2 条虚假差评和2 条真实差评，以随机顺序呈现。这些评论由获得酒店相关信息的真实人员撰
写。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了这项研究的数据集、受试者以及评论呈现方式等，即研究的设计情况。B
项“它的发现”、C 项“它的目的”、D 项“它的意义”均未在第二段体现，故选A 项。
29.词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious,
and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short.(另一方面，冗长的好评被认为
是可疑的，受试者往往更信任那些保持glowing 评论简短的作者。)”可知，此处“glowing reviews”与前文
“positive review（好评）”构成同义指代，由此猜测glowing 意为“赞美的、表扬的”。A 项“有趣的”、
B 项“辱骂的”、C 项“有洞察力的”均不符合语境，故选D 项。
30.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information,
tended to convince participants.(一条包含大量信息的冗长酒店差评，往往更能让受试者信服。)”和“The
more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.(负面评论越冷静客观，
就越有可能让读者相信。)”可知，读者最有可能相信的是冷静客观、不带强烈情绪的差评。A 项“冗长的
好评”与“冗长的好评被认为可疑”相悖；C 项“简短的差评”与“冗长的差评更有说服力”不符；D 项
“热情洋溢的好评”与“情绪强烈的评论不被信任”相悖，故选B 项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by
humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though
many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are
programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign.(为阿齐米
的研究撰写的虚假评论是由人类编写的，但如今越来越多的虚假评论由人工智能生成，这使得它们看起来
更真实。尽管许多公司使用算法来清除虚假评论，但阿齐米指出，这些机器是由人类编程的，而考虑到我
们识别虚假评论的能力有限，这并不是一个好迹象。)”可推断，随着AI 生成的虚假评论越来越逼真，未来
识别虚假评论将会变得更加困难。A 项“许多公司在生成虚假评论”文中未提及；B 项“撰写虚假评论将
被宣布为非法”文中未提及；C 项“机器能准确检测虚假评论”与“算法由人类编程，识别能力有限”相
悖，故选D 项。
Passage 6
（2026·浙江1 月卷）Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are
making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This
optimization (优化) aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage.
To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software
that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed
to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to
apply SLEAP to plants.
In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to
analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other
physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of
labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand
images) and deep learning (an AI approach for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help
researchers process images much more quickly.
The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目
录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps
scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics
are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most
beneficial to their plant designs.
“Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not
just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create
something greater than the sum of its parts.”
32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve?
A. Keeping more carbon in plants.
B. Optimizing the use of energy.
C. Enhancing biological diversity.
D. Reducing carbon absorption.
33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP?
A. To generate plant images.
B. To conduct research on animals.
C. To study climate patterns.
D. To track features of root growth.
34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do?
A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest.
B. Collect samples of plant root systems.
C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots.
D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants.
35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words?
A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance.
B. Computer programming is a must for scientists.
C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity.
D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述索尔克研究所科学家为固碳优化植物根系，将原追踪动物AI 工具
SLEAP 应用于研究植物根系表型，助力筛选有益基因，这也是跨学科合作的成果。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to
absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization (优化) aims to increase the
amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. (索尔克研究所的科学家们通过强化植物根
系，利用其吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。这一优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。)”可知，索尔克
研究所的科学家们希望让植物储存更多的碳。故选A 项。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track
animal movement in the lab. (SLEAP 由索尔克研究所的塔尔莫・佩雷拉研发，最初被设计用于在实验室
中追踪动物的活动。)”可知，佩雷拉研发SLEAP 是为了开展动物相关研究。故选B 项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段“ What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps
scientists find genes ( 基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root
characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine
what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. (此外，追踪这些植物根系的物理特征，有助于科学家
找到与这些特征相关的基因，同时还能弄清多种根系特征是由同一基因决定，还是各自独立调控。这也让
索尔克研究所的研究团队能够确定，哪些基因对其植物育种研究最具利用价值。)”可知，SLEAP 能帮助科
学家识别出利于培育理想根系的基因。故选C 项。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段佩雷拉的话“We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re
really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts. (我们不只
是从不同学科中‘借鉴’，而是真正让各学科处于平等地位，以创造出比各部分总和更有价值的成果。)”
可知，跨学科的研究方法能够促进创新。故选C 项。
Passage 1
（2025·全国一卷）While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport
studies also show declines in pedestrian ( 行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say
there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car
instead.
Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book
Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the
role they play in our lives.
Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for
new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian
journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her
local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor
(市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in
Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were
completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.
In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate
of car ownership in the world.
We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really
recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of
Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door.
25. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1?
A. Cars often get stuck on the road.
B. Traffic accidents occur frequently.
C. People walk less and drive more.
D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules.
26. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do?
A. Keep their cities livable.
B. Promote cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.
D. Make expressways accessible.
27. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They boosted the sales of cars.
B. They turned out largely ineffective.
C. They won government support.
D. They advocated building new parks.
28. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Why the Rush?
B. What’s Next?
C. Where to Stay?
D. Who to Blame?
【答案】25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿
童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
25，细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in
recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian ( 行人) mobility, especially among young
children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school,
so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明
行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，
所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
26，推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to
Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm
at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New
York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20 世纪50 年代
初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到
震惊时，Jane Jacobs 呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，
加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
27.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the
majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of
cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车
需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20 世纪60 年代末和70 年代澳大利亚的竞选
活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but
we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t
move safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考
虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出
什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A 项“Why the Rush? (为
何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
Passage 2
（2025·全国一卷）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have
settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even
fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics
in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental
Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then
filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.
In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in
plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by
just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three
common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals
previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming
increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more
microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised
concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated
how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an
environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New
Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
28. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quoting an expert.
B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples.
D. By providing statistics.
29. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A. The hardness of water.
B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering.
D. The type of plastic in water.
30. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
31. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A. Choice of new research methods.
B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers.
D. Potential application of the findings.
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及
全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的
微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指
出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
28.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the
Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the
stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑
料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，
甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故
选C。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium
carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium
carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of
calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于
含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300 毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了
近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60 毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留
微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
30. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“ Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing
microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found
earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结
果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即
使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10 到1000 倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微
塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped
through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the
University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be
looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大
学的环境工程师Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示
微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微
塑料”)”可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理
厂。故选D。
Passage 3
（2025·全国二卷）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high
hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the
past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home
leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.
“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature
to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways
but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without
plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there
was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding
yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and
lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an
exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad
says.
28. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tough competition.
B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support.
D. It went surprisingly well.
29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants?
A. They appeal more to students.
B. They purify the environment.
C. They raise the cortisol level.
D. They enhance productivity.
30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers?
A. The necessity of social skills.
B. The meaning of sustainability.
C. The importance of repeated efforts.
D. The value of professional opinions.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Time to Replace Houseplants
B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D. Plants Brighten Your Home
【答案】28.D 29. D 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad 的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理
健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she
didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June
of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad 开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰
相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020 年6 月就寄出了1200 份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad 刚开始开网店
卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than
students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the
workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in
plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth 表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生
更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们
的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth 的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富
的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should
allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and
learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad 说：
“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植
物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。” )”可知，
Detrinidad 通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正
常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
31.主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad 的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过
Knuth 的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文
核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最
能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
Passage 4
（2025·全国二卷）Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe
that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was
more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From
technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of
what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It
changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items
like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to
raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste
for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply
thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the
concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all
the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider
serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated
and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue
Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to
address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life?
A. He witnessed food shortage.
B. He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C. He donated food to Africans.
D. He helped to cook at home.
33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment?
A. To customize dishes for guests.
B. To make the public aware of food waste.
C. To test a food processing method.
D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Why the ingredients were used.
B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made of.
D. Where the ingredients were bought.
35. What can we learn about wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.
B. It is creating new jobs.
C. It has regained popularity.
D. It is criticized by top chefs.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“ wastED”为
例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
32.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the
phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer
at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其
说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，
由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.
(每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill 餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为
只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
34.主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“ It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was
technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients ( 配料) used were examples of meat cuts and
produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected
sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs,
turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED 的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相
反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑
拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要
介绍了wastED 菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段
主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from
the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收
获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，
wastED 从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按
计划结束了。故选A。
Passage 5
（2025·浙江1 月卷）A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.
Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and
even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple
principle: to garden more like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in
a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used
modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow
together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the
planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.
Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to
the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with
cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy
the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the
garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most
gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon
absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running out of.
B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with.
D. Taking advantage of.
29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced?
A. To control weeds in large gardens.
B. To bring in foreign species of plants.
C. To conserve soil and water resources.
D. To develop low-maintenance parkland.
30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens?
A. Traditional.
B. Odd-looking.
C. Tasteful.
D. Well-protected.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The future of gardening is WILD.
B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C. Matrix gardens need more CARE.
D. Old garden plots work WONDERS.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。
28.词句猜测题。根据上文“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more
of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然
在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；
结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple
principle: to garden more like nature does.(Eschewing 化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像
大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“to garden more like nature does”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，
让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、
远离”，与“Keeping away from.”同义。故选B 项。
29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large
areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.(这个概
念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，
引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D 项。
30.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this
style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four season
interest and serving the needs of wildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师Piet Oudolf 的花园推广了这种风格，在种
植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，Piet
Oudolf 的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C 项。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature
to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers ( 化
肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.(这种被称为
矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动
工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“With human inputs
dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the
life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden
plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity
significantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予
大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水
径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让
花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A 项“The future
of gardening is WILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A 项。
Passage 6
（2025·浙江1 月卷）As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to
make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,”
says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture
altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the
fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a
digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of
attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less
likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about
power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are
more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been
assigned a gender.
Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was
meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was
a “he” or “she.”
Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity
to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces
negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-
inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless?
A. To reduce stereotypes.
B. To meet public demand.
C. To cut production costs.
D. To encourage competition.
33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study?
A. Design a product.
B. Respond to a survey.
C. Work as assistants.
D. Take a language test.
34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects?
A. They cannot be mass-produced.
B. Naming them is a challenging task.
C. People assume they are unreliable.
D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The quality of genderless products.
B. The upside of gendering a product.
C. The meaning of anthropomorphism.
D. The stereotypes of men and women.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体
建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very
traditional ways,’ says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing
gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. (斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什
利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这
个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板
印象。故选A 项。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段中“In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male,
female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self driving car known as ‘Miuu.’ (在她的研
究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程
度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。故选B 项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult.
For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a
gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a ‘he’ or ‘she.’ (马丁的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。
例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们
会认为Miuu 是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图
设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难。故选D 项。
35. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“ Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that
anthropomorphism (拟人化) ‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.’ (然而，马丁看到了一线希望：
她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性
别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B 项。
Passage 7
（2025·北京卷）Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time
and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll ( 翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The
parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we
don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way —
just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have
argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”.
Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In
my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But
now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is
unhealthy.
Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed ( 利用) for
our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good
or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness
the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts.
Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on
the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of
motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse
than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can
draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example,
“Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.”
What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on
whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have
control over.
28. How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument?
A. Excited.
B. Inspired.
C. Energized.
D. Relieved.
29. What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Major achievements.
B. Complex feelings.
C. Significant impacts.
D. Fine differences.
30. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit
B. Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties
C. Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble
D. Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己和女儿关于能否延长看屏幕时间的争论，引出对社会
比较这一观念的思考，指出并非所有社会比较都不健康，若理解其原理，可加以利用促进自我提升。
28.推理判断题。根据第二段“Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces
of advice I have ever given. (虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕的建议之一。)”
以及后文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故选B。
29.词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received
wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with
questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的
事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质
疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，
现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。
30.主旨大意题。根据第三段“Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they
can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们
带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”，以及第四段 “Comparing
yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things
they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of
motivation (如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；
但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)” 等内容，表明了社会比较并非全
然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项 A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习
惯”为最佳标题，故选A。
Passage 8
（2025·北京卷）The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of self doesn’t
always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds
for better.
For many years psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone’s values, beliefs, goals and social
roles. Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go
through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we
understand our lives.
Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we begin to organise our
lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin to see ourselves as both the central character and, to
a varying extent, the story’s author. People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity,
and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater overall life
satisfaction, too.
Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes. He discovered that
whether someone describes having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of a person’s
mental health. Another key theme involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. “People
could talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth,” says Johnson. His research shows that this is often
missing for people with mental health conditions. The good news is that there is evidence we can learn to change
our own story.
Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution (谨慎). For instance, hearing about the power of
redemptive (拯救性的) stories, many people may feel forced to find a positive angle on horrible events. She says
that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.
If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a significant date that signals
the start of a new “chapter”. Contrary to popular doubt, resolutions made on I January are more effective for this
reason. So, whether your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author of our
own destiny (命运).
31. What can be inferred about personal stories?
A. They are unrelated to health.
B. Consistent ones lead to stress.
C They are relevant to happiness.
D. Thematic ones hold back change.
32. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Talking about gains from failure is negative.
B. New Year resolutions are well received.
C. The West tends to overvalue optimism.
D. Social roles fail to be highlighted.
33. What does the author mainly do in this passage?
A. Clarify a goal.
B. Analyse an event.
C. Make a comparison.
D. Illustrate an approach.
34. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How self-identity works.
B. How story-tellers are made.
C. How personal stories raise doubts.
D. How timing affects personal identity.
【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间
关系及如何改变个人故
事。
31.细节理解题。根据第三段中“ People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of
identity, and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose. Such people show greater
overall life satisfaction, too. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、
更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选
C。
32.推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes people to look for the silver
lining behind every cloud. (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可知，西方
倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。
33.推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient
times, but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about
ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的
认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改
变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in
which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a
personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20 世纪80 年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份
的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们
通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being
and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，文章主要阐述了个
人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，
因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故选D。
34.主旨大意题。根据尤其是由文章第一段“The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times,
but our sense of self doesn’t always match what others perceive. Considering the stories we tell about
ourselves can help us to change our minds for better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的
认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改
变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in
which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories to create a
personal story through which we understand our lives. (然后，在20 世纪80 年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份
的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们
通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being
and certain story themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，全文围绕“个人生
活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“How self-identity
works. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合题意。故选A。
Passage 1
（2024·新课标I 卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and
citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of
photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of
species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a
mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the
Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes
from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species
are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested
how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias ( 使有偏差) data, like
the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”
said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.
Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the
people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their
encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-
catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated.
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species.
B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data.
D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling.
D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，
建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos,
and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出
现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“ These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from
physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species
are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标
本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有
用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias
(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead
of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru 说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，
比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru 的研究聚焦于观察数
据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that
tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering
plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru 说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数
据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段
“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often
citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备
上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，
导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of
their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他
们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户
让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故
选D。
Passage 2
（2024·新课标II 卷）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store
went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are
a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience
such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely
monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is
automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil,
the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new
pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions ( 排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside
the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food.
B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance.
D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
29. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes.
B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
31. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths.
B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence.
D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输
距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon
Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场
（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，
还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数
据。故选B。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of
them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting
garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and
chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF 员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半
的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。
BMF 的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF 员工具有强烈的
环保意识。故选D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon
Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场
（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also,
there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it
significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the
system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF 进行远程监控。此外，还有一个
方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的
水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees
live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they
encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are
passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF
员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾
桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF 的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、
碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、
通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
Passage 3
（2024·新课标II 卷）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action
to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence
comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed
by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code ( 代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into
the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for
a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as
AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,
moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says,
will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future
now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep
control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they
are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history
and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future
with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness
rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes.
B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.
D. It is intended for AI professionals.
34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI.
B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI.
D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell 所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living
with Artificial Intelligence 一书。该书作为应对AI 革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI 发展现状与前
景，强调控制AI 的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code
( 代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience
translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person
rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the
close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，
但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20 多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业
人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得
自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就
不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C 项。
33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional
experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business
person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and
which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20 多年的专业经验，
可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一
本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书
中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。
故选B 项。
34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence,
or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘
化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.
Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our
downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我
们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如
何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C 项。
35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need
to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with
Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap
addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的
惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with
Artificial Intelligence 的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，
旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read
one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就
是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell 所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence 一书，该书作为应对AI 革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI 发展现状与前景，强调控制
AI 的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一
本关于人工智能的书。故选A 项。
Passage 4
（2024·全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have
distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations
with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract
attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft
meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess
their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place
to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.
Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't
usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find
random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of
predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just
doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.
B. It's taught by mother cats.
C. It's hard to interpret.
D. It's getting louder with age.
25. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds.
B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells.
D. By communicating with other cats.
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately.
B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely.
D. Do better.
27. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat
D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示
爱意。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all
animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals
or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它
们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is
brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是
为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
25. 细节理解题。根据第二段“ Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite
impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多
敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，
宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其
令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to
their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但
猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch 是用来形容猫在带
回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来
表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的
习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”
作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。
Passage 5
（2024·全国甲卷）The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas
is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each
stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural( 乡
村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German
photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast
regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled
to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River,
including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors
to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year,
the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and
restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very
impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and
very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?
A. It runs across countries.
B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital.
D. It travels along a river.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated.
B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city.
D. It needs medical aid.
30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?
A. About a year.
B. About ten months.
C. About two months.
D. About two weeks.
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.
B. Doubtful
C. Ambiguous.
D. Cautious.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远
地区每年提供为期10 个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that
travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that
time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans
and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一
站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X 光扫描和处方。)”可知，
圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。
29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.
The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer,
rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding
financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like
Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，
特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医
生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk 需要医疗援助，故选D。
30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two
weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10 个月，火车在两周内
停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约
两周，故选D。
31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and
living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best
chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作
和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke 说。这是许多农村人获得他们
想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke 对Saint Lukas 的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
Passage 6
（2024·浙江1 月卷）On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s
southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on
the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice
crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta —
downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land
by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years
“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area
from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification
Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot
be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating
wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the
University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell
in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one
really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice,
doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has
succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed
in relative legal safety.
28. What does the project aim to do?
A. Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
29. Who are opposed to the project?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials.
D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991 年9 月7 日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加
里的南郊。因此，自1996 年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200 万美元。飞机
在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯
塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about
$2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a
chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.( 因此，自
1996 年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200 万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心
中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹
的形成。故选B 项。
29.细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights
— worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在
艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地
上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A 项。
30.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a
research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant
tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create
killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·
多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“ 1999 年，
我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命
风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提
到他在1999 年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C 项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to
stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof
concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.
Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，
“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有
人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，
从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D 项。
Passage 7
（2024·浙江1 月卷）The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist
Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single
sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before
eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with
the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and
various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but
by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various
types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed
a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve
reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have
the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to
resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was
information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has
greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information.
Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more
thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to
manage our time most effectively.
32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examination alone.
B. Show respect for the researchers.
C. Share their treats with others.
D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
34. What does the author suggest readers do?
A. Absorb new information readily.
B. Be selective information consumers.
C. Use diverse information sources.
D. Protect the information environment.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Eat Less, Read More
B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better
D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入
了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the
treat, they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15 分钟，他们将得到
第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15 分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选
D。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing
the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years
ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know
we shouldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的
大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原
因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our
caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the
temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更
仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱
惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
35.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not
tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us
to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to
preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机
和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学
龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信
息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
Passage 8
（2024·新课标I 卷）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are
listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The
answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced
concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on
paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly
shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading
passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With
paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their
memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing
hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,
which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these
technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have
demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view
identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in
print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t
assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Seem unlikely to last.
B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use.
D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students' attention.
B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills.
D. They are more informative than text.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally
more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读
几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在
纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the
main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences
from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中
推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变
得显而易见”之意，所以shine through 应是“显而易见”之意，和D 项意思相近。故选D 项。
29. 推理判断题。根据第四段“ But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have
proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital
texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than
when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“ shallowing
hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，
与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis 假设读者在阅读数字文本时会
持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A 项。
30.细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university
teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the
same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线
讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地
使用这些技术。故选A 项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when
providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and
reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical
words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在
需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含
相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化
学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教
育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C 项。
Passage 9
（2024·全国甲卷）“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year
of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill
on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me
to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I
wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they
didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and
Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I
wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t
guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction.
Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You
have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits
what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for
whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try
to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see
what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it
might provide what you need to get there.
32. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel.
B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer.
D. To ask for a reading list.
33. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by character.
C. Each type of literature has its unique end.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
34. What is expected of a good ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste.
B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive.
D. It is open for imagination.
35. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists.
B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine.
D. To recommend their new books.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐
述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂
志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my
junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just
finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie,
with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我
对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完
乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我
喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A 项。
33.推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same
way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance.
If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what
was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时
刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。
如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什
么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C 项。
34.推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry
so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem
to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说
很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空
而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设
定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B 项。
35.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out
how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford
breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes
the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for
your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出
最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。
伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到
你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，
即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B 项。
Passage 1
（2026·四川成都·模拟预测）Someone hiked through a national park and stumbled across a herd of bison
(北美野牛). The wow of that moment, researchers discovered, would cement not just the magical experience in
the mind, but also lots of little, more ordinary events leading up to and away from it, like a rock spotted on the path.
What are the mechanisms for that?
While most of us know that special moments occupy a special spot in our memory banks, researchers have
been divided on concepts known as retroactive and proactive memory enhancement — the prioritization of
memories immediately before or after a significant event. Previous studies have disagreed on whether weaker
memories are stabilized through their association with a more notable one.
Robert M. G. Reinhart, an associate professor of brain sciences, says his latest project, which included nearly
650 participants across 10 individual studies and employed AI to analyze a broader dataset, is the first to
definitively demonstrate that such memory enhancement does occur. Many of his team’s experiments involved
showing participants dozens of images connected to varying reward levels, followed by a surprise memory test the
next day.
For things that occurred after a big event (proactive memory enhancement), the strength of recall depended
on the emotional impact of the event itself — the more enduring the big event, the more likely all subsequent
information was to be remembered. However, this pattern did not apply to memories from the period leading up to
the event (retroactive memory enhancement). Those memories were more likely to be consolidated if they shared
similarities, which connected them to the important moment. “For the first time, we show clear evidence that the
brain rescues weak memories in a graded fashion, guided by their high-level similarity to emotional events,” says
Reinhart. The researchers also found that if any secondary memories themselves carried emotional weight, the
enhancement effect was reduced. “The brain seems to prioritize fragile memories that would otherwise slip away,”
explains Reinhart.
Reinhart notes the discovery has broad implications for both theory and practice: In education, pairing
emotionally engaging material with fragile concepts could improve memory; in a clinical setting, it could
potentially help get back fading memories. On the other hand, the principle might also be reversed to help those
who wish to manage upsetting memories.
1．What does the underlined word “cement” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Erase.
B．Strengthen.
C．Maintain.
D．Fade.
2．What had researchers disagreed on before Reinhart’s study?
A．The value of ordinary moments
B．Memory length after key events.
C．The link between strong and weak memories.
D．AI’s role in memory experiments.
3．Which conclusion best summarizes the brain’s memory prioritization strategy?
A．It selectively rescues weak memories.
B．It strengthens all nearby memories equally.
C．It weakens fragile memories for focus.
D．It consolidates memories passively.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Findings of memory experiments.
B．Ways to improve memory.
C．Mechanisms of memory enhancement.
D．Applications of memory research.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】文章介绍一项记忆相关研究，阐释重大情绪事件会产生顺行、逆行记忆增强效应，并讲解其运作
原理与该研究在多领域的实际应用。
【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The wow of that moment, researchers discovered, would cement
not just the magical experience in the mind, but also lots of little, more ordinary events leading up to and
away from it, like a rock spotted on the path. (研究人员发现，那一瞬间的惊叹不仅会将这段奇妙的经历
cement 留在脑海中，也会把前后诸多平常小事，比如路上看到的一块石头一并记住。)”可知，这里指把很
多小事都记得很清楚，所以应是把这次经历在脑海中加强记忆了，所以猜测cement 此处表示“加强、巩
固”。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Previous studies have disagreed on whether weaker memories are stabilized
through their association with a more notable one.(以往的研究对于较弱的记忆能否借助和重大记忆产生关
联而变得牢固这一问题一直存在分歧。)”可知，此前研究人员的争议在于强记忆与弱记忆之间的联系。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“ For the first time, we show clear evidence that the brain rescues weak
memories in a graded fashion, guided by their high-level similarity to emotional events,(我们首次证实，大
脑会根据弱记忆与情绪化事件的相似程度，有选择地挽回这些薄弱记忆，)”以及“The brain seems to
prioritize fragile memories that would otherwise slip away,(大脑会优先处理那些原本即将消失的脆弱记
忆，)”可知，大脑会有选择性地挽救薄弱记忆。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Someone hiked through a national park and stumbled across a herd of bison
(北美野牛). The wow of that moment, researchers discovered, would cement not just the magical experience
in the mind, but also lots of little, more ordinary events leading up to and away from it, like a rock spotted
on the path. What are the mechanisms for that?(有人在国家公园徒步时，偶遇了一群北美野牛。研究人员
发现，那一瞬间的震撼，不仅会将这段奇妙的经历深深烙印在脑海中，连前后诸多寻常小事 —— 比如路
上看到的一块石头 —— 也会一同被记住。这背后的原理是什么？)”并结合全文内容可知，文章围绕记忆
增强的运作机制展开，介绍了相关研究、两种记忆增强形式、大脑的记忆处理规律以及该发现的应用。
Passage 2
（2026·重庆·模拟预测）A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a nonmechanical device
that turns sunlight directly into electricity. Some PV cells can turn artificial light into electricity.
Sunlight is composed of photons ( 光子), or particles ( 粒子) of solar energy. A PV cell is made of
semiconductor material. When photons strike a PV cell, they may reflect off the cell, pass through the cell, or be
absorbed by the semiconductor material. Only the absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity. When
the semiconductor material absorbs enough solar energy, electrons are freed from the material’s atoms.
Special treatment of the material surface during manufacturing makes the front surface of the cell more
receptive to the free electrons so that the electrons naturally move to the surface of the cell. The movement of
electrons, each carrying a negative charge, toward the front surface of the cell creates an imbalance of electrical
charge between the cell’s front and back surfaces. This imbalance, in turn, creates a voltage (电压) potential like
the negative and positive terminals of a battery. Electrical conductors on the cell absorb the electrons. When the
conductors are connected in an electrical circuit to an external load, such as a battery, electricity flows in the circuit.
The PV cell is the basic building block of a PV system. Individual cells can vary in size from about 0.5
inches to about 4 inches across. However, one cell only produces 1 or 2Watts, which is only enough electricity for
small uses, such as powering calculators or wristwatches. To improve electricity-generating capacity, PV cells can
be electrically connected in a packaged, weather-tight PV module. PV modules can be connected in groups to form
a PV array, which can be installed (安装) quickly and be any size.
With experimental cells reaching nearly 50% proficiency, the potential for further improvement remains
enormous. The sun provides enough energy in one hour to meet global demand for an entire year. The solar cell,
once a niche product for calculators, is evolving into a cornerstone of modern power generation — brightening both
our homes and our planet’s future.
5．What can we learn about the PV cells?
A．PV cells are released by sunlight.
B．PV cells can’t take in all photons.
C．PV cells don’t react to artificial light.
D．PV cells provide energy to generate electricity.
6．Why is the material surface specially treated?
A．To create an electrical circuit.
B．To absorb photons more effectively.
C．To direct the movement of the electrons.
D．To free electrons from the material’s atoms.
7．How can PV technology meet larger electricity demands?
A．By making the size of the cells smaller.
B．By adapting it to various kinds of weather.
C．By increasing the number of connected cells.
D．By improving the efficiency of installation.
8．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The prospects of PV technology.
B．The cornerstone of power generation.
C．The future development of our planet.
D．The stereotypes of new forms of energy.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．C 8．A
【导语】文章主要介绍了光伏电池(太阳能电池)的工作原理、结构组成以及其发展前景。
【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When photons strike a PV cell, they may reflect off the cell, pass
through the cell, or be absorbed by the semiconductor material. Only the absorbed photons provide energy
to generate electricity. (当光子撞击光伏电池时，它们可能会从电池表面反射、穿过电池，或者被半导体材
料吸收。只有被吸收的光子才能提供能量来发电)”可知，光伏电池无法吸收所有的光子。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Special treatment of the material surface during manufacturing makes the
front surface of the cell more receptive to the free electrons so that the electrons naturally move to the
surface of the cell. (在制造过程中对材料表面进行特殊处理，使电池的前表面更容易接收自由电子，从而使
电子自然移动到电池表面)”可知，材料表面经过特殊处理是为了引导电子的运动方向。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To improve electricity-generating capacity, PV cells can be electrically
connected in a packaged, weather-tight PV module. PV modules can be connected in groups to form a PV
array (为了提高发电能力，光伏电池可以通过电气连接的方式封装成耐候的光伏组件。光伏组件可以成组
连接形成光伏阵列)”可知，光伏技术通过增加连接电池的数量来满足更大的电力需求。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“With experimental cells reaching nearly 50% proficiency, the potential for
further improvement remains enormous. The sun provides enough energy in one hour to meet global
demand for an entire year. The solar cell, once a niche product for calculators, is evolving into a cornerstone
of modern power generation — brightening both our homes and our planet’s future.(随着实验电池的熟练度
接近50%，进一步的改进潜力依然巨大。太阳在一小时内提供的能量足以满足全球一整年的需求。太阳能
电池曾只是计算器中的小众产品，如今正演变为现代发电的基石——既照亮我们的家园，也点亮了地球的
未来)”可知，本段指出光伏技术改进潜力依然巨大且太阳能充足产，主要讨论了光伏技术的发展前景。
Passage 3
（2026·安徽·模拟预测）A team led by Min Zhang and Dabao Zhang at the University of California,
Irvine’s Joe C． Wen School of Population & Public Health has developed the most comprehensive maps yet of
how genes directly influence one another in brain cells affected by Alzheimer’s disease. These maps reveal which
genes are actively controlling others across different cell types in the brain.
To accomplish this, the researchers created a powerful new AI-based system called SIGNET. Unlike
traditional tools that only detect genes that appear to move together, it is designed to uncover true causal (因果的)
connections. Using this approach, the team identified important biological pathways that may contribute to memory
loss and the gradual breakdown of brain tissue.
“Different types of brain cells play distinct roles in Alzheimer’s disease, but how they interact at the
molecular level has remained unclear,” said Min Zhang. “Our work provides cell type-specific maps of gene
regulation in the Alzheimer’s brain, shifting the field from observing correlations to uncovering the causal
mechanisms that actively drive disease progression.”
To build these exhaustive maps, the team analyzed single-cell molecular data from brain samples donated
by 272 participants. SIGNET was designed as a scalable, high-performance computing system that combines
single-cell RNA sequencing (测序) with whole-genome sequencing data.
Using this method, they constructed causal gene regulatory networks for six major brain cell types. This
made it possible to determine which genes are likely directing the activity of others, something conventional
correlation-based methods cannot reliably complete.
“Our approach takes advantage of information encoded (编码) in DNA to enable the identification of true
causal relationships between genes in the brain,” said Dabao Zhang, co-corresponding author and professor of
epidemiology.
The researchers found that the most significant gene disturbances occur in excitatory neurons — the nerve
cells that send activating signals — where nearly 6,000 cause-and-effect interactions revealed extensive genetic
rewiring as Alzheimer’s progresses.
The team also identified hundreds of “hub genes” that function as central regulators, influencing many other
genes and likely playing an important role in harmful changes in the brain. These hub genes could become valuable
targets for earlier diagnosis and future treatment.
9．What is the key advantage of SIGNET compared to traditional methods?
A．It focuses on identifying moving genes.
B．It can analyze data from lots of brain samples.
C．It can reveal true cause-and-effect gene relationships.
D．It tells RNA sequencing from whole-genome sequencing.
10．What does the underlined word “exhaustive” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Detailed.
B．Rough.
C．Scientific.
D．Official.
11．How did the researchers find true causal relationships between brain genes?
A．By using a traditional computer system. B．By employing DNA-encoded data.
C．By detecting six major brain cell types. D．By interpreting nerve cells signals.
12．What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．Principles of gene function.
B．The severity of the brain diseases.
C．The role of gene changes.
D．Potential application of the “hub genes”.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D
【导语】文章主要讲述了科研团队研发AI 系统揭示阿尔茨海默病基因调控因果机制。
【详解】9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional tools that only detect genes that appear to
move together, it is designed to uncover true causal (因果的) connections. (与传统工具仅能检测看似同步活
动的基因不同，该系统旨在揭示真实的因果关系)”可知，SIGNET 的关键优势在于能揭示基因间真正的因
果联系。
10．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“the team analyzed single-cell molecular data from brain samples donated
by 272 participants (研究团队分析了来自272 名参与者捐赠的大脑样本的单细胞分子数据)”以及第五段中
“they constructed causal gene regulatory networks for six major brain cell types (他们构建了涵盖六种主要
脑细胞类型的因果基因调控网络)”可知，这些地图是基于大量数据构建的，非常详尽的。由此可知，
exhaustive 意为“详尽的，彻底的”，与“detailed”意思一致。
11．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Our approach takes advantage of information encoded (编码) in DNA to
enable the identification of true causal relationships between genes in the brain (我们的方法利用了DNA 中
编码的信息，从而能够识别大脑中基因之间的真实因果关系)”可知，研究人员是通过利用DNA 编码的信
息来找到大脑基因之间真正的因果关系的。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These hub genes could become valuable targets for earlier diagnosis
and future treatment. (这些枢纽基因可能成为早期诊断和未来治疗的重要靶点)”可知，最后一段主要介绍
了“枢纽基因”在未来医学上的潜在应用价值。
Passage 4
（2026·湖北黄冈·模拟预测）Have you ever noticed people around you who always seem to be “creating
drama”? John always turns minor workplace disagreements into intense conflicts, describing them as if they were
plot twists in a horror movie. Emily on social media carefully selects every photo to present her life as a series of
idealized moments, each post framed as an essential scene in her personal story. Or consider Mark, who often
expects special treatment in group settings and reacts with visible disappointment when he isn’t given priority. In
doing so, they often struggle to genuinely understand or empathize with the experiences of those around them.
Such behavior is characteristic of what is commonly referred to as “main character syndrome”.
What causes this syndrome? Cultural and media influences, such as movies, books and TV shows centered
on a single character, shape people’s perception of their own life roles. Social media platforms like Instagram,
Facebook and TikTok further facilitate this tendency by rewarding self-presentation and attention-seeking
behaviors. Additionally, personalities like narcissistic tendencies or emotional struggles such as insecurity and low
self-esteem, as well as self-focused family upbringing, can increase the likelihood of developing such a mindset.
This mindset is not entirely negative, as framing oneself as life’s leading role can develop a strong sense of
purpose and motivation, encouraging individuals to pursue their goals with greater confidence and determination.
However, its potential downsides often outweigh these benefits: It breeds more than enough self-centeredness,
weakens interpersonal empathy, and ruins genuine relationships by reducing others to mere “supporting roles”
rather than equals in mutual interactions.
Since main character syndrome is not a formally recognized psychological disorder, there is no targeted
medical treatment for it. Nevertheless, practical approaches can effectively address its underlying issues: Cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) helps individuals adjust self-centered behaviors and address interpersonal relationships;
empathy training enhances the ability to understand and appreciate others’ feelings; mindfulness practices promote
a more grounded and less self-focused perspective; and social skills workshops develop collaborative and
empathetic interpersonal relationships. Together, these practices cultivate balanced self-awareness and fuel
meaningful personal growth.
13．How does the author illustrate the term “main character syndrome”?
A．By giving examples.
B．By defining a concept.
C．By quoting an expert.
D．By providing statistics.
14．Who is most likely to have the main character syndrome?
A．Students absorbed in social media.
B．Teenagers modelling roles in the movies.
C．People struggling with physical disabilities.
D．Children prioritized by overprotective parents.
15．What is the author’s attitude toward the main character syndrome?
A．Unclear.
B．Critical.
C．Favorable.
D．Dismissive.
16．What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A．Star of Your Own Story?
B．To Focus on Yourself or Others?
C．Acting in the Way You Wish?
D．Right to Be the Main Character?
【答案】13．A 14．D 15．B 16．A
【导语】文章主要讲的是通过描述“主角综合征”的表现、成因、影响及应对方法，向读者介绍这一社会
心理现象。
【详解】13．推理判断题。根据第一段“John always turns minor workplace disagreements into intense
conflicts, describing them as if they were plot twists in a horror movie. Emily on social media carefully
selects every photo to present her life as a series of idealized moments, each post framed as an essential scene
in her personal story. Or consider Mark, who often expects special treatment in group settings and reacts
with visible disappointment when he isn’t given priority. In doing so, they often struggle to genuinely
understand or empathize with the experiences of those around them. Such behavior is characteristic of what
is commonly referred to as “main character syndrome”.(约翰总是把职场上的小事矛盾升级为激烈的冲突，
他将这些矛盾描述得如同恐怖电影中的剧情转折一般。艾米丽在社交媒体上精心挑选每一张照片，将自己
的生活呈现为一系列理想化的时刻，每条帖子都被塑造成她个人故事中不可或缺的一幕。再比如马克，他
常常期待在群体场合中得到特殊对待，一旦没有被优先考虑，就会明显表现出失望。正因如此，他们往往
难以真正理解或感同身受身边人的经历。这种行为正是所谓“主角综合征”的典型表现)”可知，作者通过
描述John、Emily 和Mark 三个具体人物的行为来阐述“主角综合征”这一概念，即作者使用了举例子的
说明方法。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Additionally, personalities like narcissistic tendencies or emotional struggles
such as insecurity and low self-esteem, as well as self-focused family upbringing, can increase the likelihood
of developing such a mindset.(此外，诸如自恋倾向或情感困扰（如不安全感和低自尊）以及以自我为中心
的家庭教育方式，也可能增加个体形成此类思维模式的可能性)”可知，由过度保护的父母抚养的孩子最有
可能出现主角综合征。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, its potential downsides often outweigh these benefits: It breeds
more than enough self-centeredness, weakens interpersonal empathy, and ruins genuine relationships by
reducing others to mere “supporting roles” rather than equals in mutual interactions.(然而，其潜在的弊端
往往远大于这些好处：它滋生出过多的自我中心，削弱了人际间的同理心，并通过将他人简化为“配角”
而非平等互动的伙伴，破坏了真正的人际关系)”可知，作者对主角综合征持批判态度。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In doing so, they often struggle to genuinely understand or empathize with
the experiences of those around them. Such behavior is characteristic of what is commonly referred to as
“main character syndrome”.(正因如此，他们往往难以真正理解或感同身受身边人的经历。这种行为正是
所谓“主角综合征”的典型表现)”以及文章主要讲的是通过描述“主角综合征”的表现、成因、影响及应
对方法，向读者介绍这一社会心理现象。A 项“Star of Your Own Story?”(做自己故事的主角?)既概括了主
题，又以问号引发思考，与文章讨论该现象利弊的内容相符。
Passage 5
（2026·河南·模拟预测）John Pendry, a physicist at Imperial College London, is famous for inventing the
theoretical basis for an invisibility cloak (斗篷). Over twenty years ago, he pioneered the science of metamaterials
( 超材料) — substances whose extraordinary properties come from their physical structure rather than their
chemical composition. By carving tiny patterns into ordinary materials, Pendry showed how they could bend and
control light in ways no natural material could.
Today, his groundbreaking ideas are finally reaching commercial maturity. Investors are using his patents to
transform various industries. For example, traditional thick glass materials are being replaced by paper-thin ones
that use tiny structures to shape light, perfect for lightweight virtual-reality headsets. Similarly, metamaterials are
changing self-driving cars by using flat electronic systems instead of weak, moving-around mirrors for detecting
objects. Some metamaterials can even control earthquake waves, moving them away from the bases of buildings.
Despite the potential multi-billion-dollar market, Pendry shows little interest in putting his inventions on the
market. “Developing products was not something I ever got excited about,” he admits. Finding the technology too
broad and unfocused for his tastes, he has left the application stage to engineers and the industry.
Instead, Pendry has moved on to a completely new challenge: time-related metamaterials. While traditional
metamaterials control how light moves through space, his current research explores how to control light as it moves
through time. By changing a material’s properties on super-fast timescales, he believes it is possible to change the
frequency of a light wave, turning red light into blue. These metamaterials could even provide scientists with a new
method to study the extreme physics of black holes right inside a lab.
For Pendry, the excitement lies in the unknown. Much like the colorful butterfly wings he uses to explain
metamaterials to beginners, he prefers not to focus on past breakthroughs, but rather disappear back into the lab to
discover something truly new.
17．What gives metamaterials their special properties?
A．Their tiny size.
B．Their ability to carve materials.
C．Their physical patterns.
D．Their unique chemical composition.
18．How does the author prove metamaterials are commercially mature?
A．By listing actual applications.
B．By showing complete systems.
C．By comparing different materials.
D．By displaying some of Pendry’s patents.
19．What is Pendry’s attitude toward the commercialization of his inventions?
A．Hopeful.
B．Uninterested.
C．Unconvinced.
D．Supportive.
20．What is the primary focus of Pendry’s current research?
A．To guide light as it travels.
B．To create artificial butterfly wings.
C．To invent another invisibility cloak.
D．To explain beginner-level metamaterials.
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 20．A
【导语】文章主要介绍了物理学家John Pendry 研发超材料的相关经历、超材料如今的商业应用、他对发
明商业化的态度以及当下的全新研究方向。
【详解】17 ．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“ Over twenty years ago, he pioneered the science of
metamaterials — substances whose extraordinary properties come from their physical structure rather than
their chemical composition.(二十多年前，他开创了超材料这一学科 —— 这类物质的特殊属性源自其物理
结构，而非化学成分。)”可知，超材料的特殊属性来自其物理形态结构。
18．推理判断题。根据原文第二段“For example, traditional thick glass materials are being replaced by
paper-thin ones that use tiny structures to shape light, perfect for lightweight virtual-reality headsets.
Similarly, metamaterials are changing self-driving cars by using flat electronic systems instead of weak,
moving-around mirrors for detecting objects. Some metamaterials can even control earthquake waves,
moving them away from the bases of buildings.(例如，传统厚玻璃材料正被薄如纸片的新材料取代，这种材
料依靠微型结构调控光线，非常适用于轻便的虚拟现实头戴设备。同样，超材料也在改变自动驾驶汽车，
它用扁平电子系统替代易损坏、可活动的反光镜来探测物体。部分超材料甚至能够控制地震波，让地震波
远离建筑物地基。)”可知，作者通过列举各类实际应用来证明超材料已实现商业成熟。
19．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“Despite the potential multi-billion-dollar market, Pendry shows little
interest in putting his inventions on the market.(尽管这一市场有望达到数十亿美元规模，Pendry 却对将自
己的发明推向市场毫无兴趣。)”可知，Pendry 对发明的商业化并不感兴趣。
20．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“While traditional metamaterials control how light moves through
space, his current research explores how to control light as it moves through time.(传统超材料控制光线在空
间中的传播方式，而他目前的研究则探索如何在光线随时间传播的过程中对其进行调控。)”可知，Pendry
目前研究的核心是调控光线的传播。
Passage 6
（2026·辽宁·模拟预测）Berries of all kinds are a delicious and healthy part of any diet. Now, researchers
in Finland have shown that these fruits are more than just a tasty treat. A spray (喷雾) made of berry extract has
been found to prevent deadly bacteria in wounds.
According to a press release from VTT Research in Finland, antibiotic (抗生素的) resistant bacteria are one
of the ten greatest world health challenges of our time. This type of bacteria can cause wound infections that are
very difficult to treat. But now a solution may have been found. VTT Research found a way to use the antimicrobial
properties of berries to make a spray that kills deadly bacteria without harming the useful microbes (微生物) that
live on the human skin.
This could avoid those very dangerous wound antibiotic resistant infections, and make it possible to use
fewer antibiotics while treating a patient. “The product could easily be used in hospitals as, say, a liquid to spray on
the skin before surgery,” Panu Lahtinen, Associate Professor and Senior Advisor at VTT said in the press release.
VTT has been researching the antimicrobial properties of berries for over two decades. While the data has
not yet been published, the researchers found that wild berry seeds of all kinds are naturally coated with
antimicrobial compounds. This helps prevent the growth of molds or other diseases before the fruit can shoot up.
“Our research has identified antimicrobial compounds in several wild berries,” Panu told Good News Finland.
The researchers developed a way to extract the useful compounds from berry cakes, a byproduct of juice
making that contains berry seeds and skins. A nanocellulose (纳米纤维素) film that is friendly to human skin is
bathed in the berry compound extracted from the berry cake. This makes their spray entirely bio-based.
What is remarkable is that VTT found a way to use the power of their local natural surroundings — wild
raspberries grow abundantly in Finland — to help humanity, all while also partaking in a circular economy by
using organic matter that would otherwise be considered a waste product. As the threat of antibiotic resistant
bacteria grows, it is good to know that the solution may be something so simple as a berry.
21．Which statement best describes the benefit of using berry spray?
A．It promotes faster surgical recovery.
B．It can reduce the number of surgeries.
C．It can free patients of pain in surgeries.
D．It reduces reliance on antibiotics in treatment.
22．How is the product made?
A．Making berries into berry cakes.
B．Making berry compounds hard enough.
C．Preventing aimed berries from getting affected.
D．Having berry compounds on nanocellulose material.
23．What is one most important fact about this product?
A．Benefiting local people’s health.
B．Protecting patients’ skin before surgery.
C．Promoting sustainable development.
D．Increasing the products of natural berries.
24．What can be the best title of the text?
A．Berry Spray Fights Bacteria.
B．Berries: A New Tasty Treat.
C．Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria.
D．Wild Berries Prove Powerful.
【答案】21．D 22．D 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文介绍了芬兰研究人员利用浆果提取物制成喷雾，该喷雾可杀灭伤口中的有害细菌，以此应对
耐药菌难题，同时还介绍了这款喷雾的制作工艺与环保价值。
【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This could avoid those very dangerous wound antibiotic
resistant infections, and make it possible to use fewer antibiotics while treating a patient.(这可以规避危险的
伤口耐药菌感染，还能让治疗过程中减少抗生素的使用)”可知，浆果喷雾可以减少治疗过程中抗生素的使
用，降低对抗生素的依赖。
22．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The researchers developed a way to extract the useful compounds from
berry cakes(研究人员开发了一种从浆果饼中提取有用化合物的方法)”以及“A nanocellulose (纳米纤维素)
film that is friendly to human skin is bathed in the berry compound extracted from the berry cake.(将对人体
皮肤无害的纳米纤维膜浸泡在从浆果渣中提取的浆果有效成分中)”可知，该产品的制作方式是将浆果有效
成分附着在纳米纤维材料上。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What is remarkable is that VTT found a way to use the power of
their local natural surroundings... all while also partaking in a circular economy by using organic matter
that would otherwise be considered a waste product.(值得注意的是，VTT 找到了一种利用当地自然环境力
量的方法……同时还通过使用原本会被视为废物的有机物参与到循环经济中。)”可知，该产品最重要的一
点是促进了可持续发展。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇点题，指出浆果提取物制成的喷雾能预防伤口中的致命细菌，随后
介绍了其原理、制作过程及环保意义。A 选项“Berry Spray Fights Bacteria(浆果喷雾对抗细菌)”最能概括
全文主旨。
Passage 7
（2026·重庆·模拟预测）When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied
by a virtual version of yourself.
This might seem like sci-fi, but the foundations are being laid. Researchers in the U. K. have already used
computer simulations of the hearts of patients to test different treatments for atrial fibrillation ( 心房颤动). With
other organs also being twinned by scientists, it seems likely that these digital organs will eventually link up to
form a virtual body.
The benefits extend far beyond health care. Digital twins are emerging across industries. For instance, they
are used to monitor jet engines on airliners, model Amazon’s vast supply chain to predict sales, and assist local
authorities in managing flooding. Automakers, too, are speeding up development by simuating crash tests and test
drives virtually.
Digital twins began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems. As computers have become
more powerful, twins have become more advanced accordingly. Complex design and modeling software means that
more physical objects take shape in the virtual world. Moreover, with AI in the mix, these twins are no longer
passive models. They can predict outcomes, perfect performance, and self-adjust based on new data. These
advanced models make it easier for humans to tackle complex problems. They allow people to look into the future,
spot problems and test wild ideas without real-world consequences.
However, with these promises come undeniable risks. Digital twins might go wrong when they are
programmed badly or hacked into. In addition, digital twins will consume mountains of data, some of which may
be wrong, or biased or raise privacy concerns. There is also the danger of tunnel vision if humans rely only on
digital twins and thus miss the big picture of what things really are.
These risks, however, are not specific to digital twins. They apply to all emerging technologies, as they
always have and always will. Such concerns need to be considered, as in the current debate over the use of AI. The
emergence of the digital mirror world will raise new questions, but its potential advantages are already plain to see.
25．What can we learn about digital twins?
A．They have been only used in hospitals by now.
B．They can create a complete virtual human body now.
C．They are applied in various fields beyond medicine.
D．They were originally developed for the auto industry.
26．What is a new feature of digital twins with the help of AI?
A．Replacing physical crash tests.
B．Being programmed to avoid risks.
C．Reducing the amount of data needed.
D．Adapting themselves using new data.
27．Which word can replace “tunnel vision” in the text?
A．Narrow-mindedness.
B．Data sensitivity.
C．Multitasking ability.
D．Broad perspective.
28．What does the development of digital twins tell us?
A．Better late than never.
B．The devil is in the details.
C．Every rose has its thorn.
D．Bite off more than you can chew.
【答案】25．C 26．D 27．A 28．C
【导语】主要介绍数字孪生技术的发展历程、多领域应用、智能特性，同时分析其存在的潜在风险与发展
前景。
【详解】25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The benefits extend far beyond health care. Digital twins are
emerging across industries.(它的优势远远不止于医疗领域，数字孪生技术如今已应用于各行各业。)”可知，
数字孪生技术除医疗外，还被运用在多个不同领域。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Moreover, with AI in the mix, these twins are no longer passive models.
They can predict outcomes, perfect performance, and self-adjust based on new data.(此外，结合人工智能后，
数字孪生不再是被动模型，它们能够预测结果、优化性能，并依据新数据进行自我调整。)”可知，借助人
工智能，数字孪生可以利用新数据实现自我适配调整。
27．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“There is also the danger of tunnel vision if humans rely only on digital
twins and thus miss the big picture of what things really are.(如果人们只依赖数字孪生，就会产生tunnel
vision 的问题，进而无法看清事物的全貌。)” 可知，一味依赖数字孪生会让人看不到全局，视野变得狭隘，
因此，画线短语表示“思维狭隘”，与Narrow-mindedness 意义相近。
28．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中的“However, with these promises come undeniable risks.(然
而，这项技术在拥有诸多前景的同时，也伴随着不可忽视的风险。)”可知，数字孪生技术有利也有弊。与
“Every rose has its thorn.(美好的事物也有缺陷)”这一含义相近；其它选项The devil is in the details. 意为
“细节决定成败”，Better late than never. 意为“宁可迟到，绝不缺席”，Bite off more than you can
chew.意为“贪多嚼不烂”均与文意无关。
Passage 8
（2026·山东·模拟预测）A new study offers fresh insight into how people assess the environmental impact
of the foods they eat, and the results suggest many are getting it wrong. These misunderstandings point to a clear
need for simple environmental impact labels to help guide better choices.
Researchers from the University of Nottingham’s School of Psychology asked 168 participants in the UK to
sort a wide variety of supermarket foods into environmental impact categories of their own making. Participants
were also shown scientific estimates of each product’s environmental impact and asked whether the results were
higher or lower than they expected.
The study found that people tend to assess the impact of food using two main factors: whether the food
comes from animals or plants, and how processed it is. In general, participants assumed that meat and dairy
products, as well as highly processed foods, are worse for the environment.
However, these assumptions sometimes belie reality. Many participants overestimated the environmental
impact of processed foods while underestimating the impact of water-intensive (高耗水的) products. They were
also surprised to learn how much higher the environmental impact of beef is compared to other meats like chicken.
Food production plays a major role in environmental issues, including greenhouse gases and biodiversity
loss. Encouraging more sustainable eating habits depends in part on understanding how people perceive the
environmental footprint of different foods.
Daniel Fletcher, lead author of the study, said, “We found participants would be willing to change their
purchasing behavior based on this task, but they may struggle to compare the environmental impact of animal-
based products and highly processed foods because they see their effects as too different to weigh against each
other. Environmental impact data on food products is opening up new possibilities for this research, and labels that
give foods a single overall grade (such as A-E) could help make these comparisons easier for consumers, thus
allowing people to make sustainable food choices.”
29．What do the researchers hope to find out about the participants?
A．Their understanding of food quality.
B．Their preferences for popular food.
C．Their methods for food categorization.
D．Their view of food’s ecological cost.
30．What does the underlined word “belie” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Ignore.
B．Affect.
C．Disclose.
D．Mismatch.
31．What do consumers require according to Daniel Fletcher?
A．Change of shopping behavior.
B．A uniform grading system.
C．More data on food consumption.
D．A comparison of different foods.
32．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To advise on food choices.
B．To call for food eco-labels.
C．To advocate good eating habits.
D．To show dietary carbon footprint.
【答案】29．D 30．D 31．B 32．B
【导语】文章主要介绍了一项关于人们如何评估食物对环境影响的心理学研究及其发现。
【详解】29．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“Researchers from the University of Nottingham’s School of
Psychology asked 168 participants in the UK to sort a wide variety of supermarket foods into environmental
impact categories of their own making.(诺丁汉大学心理学院的研究人员要求英国168 名参与者将各种超市
食品按自己设定的环境影响类别进行分类)”可知，研究人员希望了解参与者对食物生态成本的看法。
30．词句猜测题。 根据第四段中“However, these assumptions sometimes belie reality. Many participants
overestimated the environmental impact of processed foods while underestimating the impact of water-
intensive products.(然而，这些假设有时会与现实belie。许多参与者高估了加工食品对环境的影响，却低
估了高耗水产品的影响)”可知，许多参与者高估了加工食品对环境的影响，却低估了高耗水产品的影响，
说明人们的假设与现实不符，即不匹配，所以划线单词的意思为“不匹配”。
31．细节理解题。 根据最后一段中“Environmental impact data on food products is opening up new
possibilities for this research, and labels that give foods a single overall grade (such as A-E) could help make
these comparisons easier for consumers, thus allowing people to make sustainable food choices.(食品的环境
影响数据正在为这项研究开辟新的可能性，而那些为食品提供单一综合评级（如A-E）的标签，则有助于
消费者更轻松地进行此类比较，从而让人们做出可持续的食品选择)”可知，消费者需要一个统一的评分系
统来帮助比较。
32．推理判断题。 根据第一段中“These misunderstandings point to a clear need for simple environmental
impact labels to help guide better choices.(这些误解表明，迫切需要简单的环境影响标签来帮助引导更好的
选择)”以及全文内容可知，本文旨在通过介绍研究结果来呼吁推广食品生态标签。
Passage 9
（2026·河南·三模）AI seems to be everywhere within education — a global survey found 86% of students
use AI in their studies, with nearly one in four using it daily. This can be beneficial if AI is used responsibly, in
accordance with school policy. There’s no doubt that large language models can be expert in breaking down
difficult concepts simply and clearly. A Nature article found that AI tutoring (辅导) outperforms in-class active
learning, with college students also feeling more engaged when the content is presented by AI.
However, there’s growing evidence that students ought to be cautious when choosing to use AI. A study from
MIT split subjects into three groups and asked them to write SAT essays: The group that had access to ChatGPT
had the lowest brain connectivity when writing, struggled to accurately quote their own work and “consistently
underperformed at neural, linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Another study found while students who used
ChatGPT to research a scientific topic did have a lower cognitive load, their reasoning was less thorough. These
studies start to paint a picture: AI has the potential to negatively impact our critical thinking and problem-solving
skills even while saving time.
Of course, one can reasonably argue that new technology has always led to some skills becoming dated. The
rise of calculators led to a decline in the importance of our ability to do mental arithmetic ( 算术). But AI differs
from these technologies. Working to reason out a problem or research a topic not only creates better topic
understanding, but it bolsters the problem-solving and critical thinking skills we use in every aspect of our daily
life. Thus, the harm of skipping this process with AI is more than simply a reduced understanding of an academic
concept or a skill not learned.
We should continue to research the effects of AI. Using AI for research, conceptual understanding or even
coding can help, but we should take a moment before using AI to determine if we actually need it.
33．What is a characteristic of AI tutoring?
A．It has gained wide recognition among teachers.
B．It excels in linking concepts to real-life situations.
C．It focuses on improving mental calculating ability.
D．It makes college students more involved in learning.
34．What do the studies in paragraph 2 find in common?
A．AI improves students’ writing accuracy greatly.
B．AI promotes active participation in academic research.
C．AI reduces mental pressure while strengthening memory.
D．AI weakens students’ thinking and problem-solving abilities.
35．What does the underlined word “bolsters” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Restricts.
B．Reflects.
C．Sharpens.
D．Evaluates.
36．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To advise on reasonable use of AI in study.
B．To stress the importance of critical thinking.
C．To show the popularity of AI among students.
D．To introduce the functions of AI in education.
【答案】33．D 34．D 35．C 36．A
【导语】文章主要讨论了人工智能在教育中的应用及其对学生批判性思维和解决问题能力的潜在影响。
【详解】33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A Nature article found that AI tutoring (辅导) outperforms in-
class active learning, with college students also feeling more engaged when the content is presented by AI. (一
篇《自然》杂志的文章发现，AI 辅导优于课堂主动学习，当内容由AI 呈现时，大学生也感到更加投入)”
可知，AI 辅导的一个特点是它让大学生更投入学习。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The group that had access to ChatGPT had the lowest brain connectivity
when writing, struggled to accurately quote their own work and “consistently underperformed at neural,
linguistic, and behavioral levels.” Another study found while students who used ChatGPT to research a
scientific topic did have a lower cognitive load, their reasoning was less thorough.(能够使用ChatGPT 的那
组人在写作时大脑连通性最低，难以准确引用自己的作品，并且“在神经活动、语言表达和行为层面均持
续表现欠佳。另一项研究发现，使用ChatGPT 研究科学主题的学生确实认知负荷较低，但他们的推理不
够透彻)”可知，这些研究的共同发现是AI 削弱了学生的思维和解决问题能力。
35．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Working to reason out a problem or research a topic not only creates
better topic understanding, but it bolsters the problem-solving and critical thinking skills we use in every
aspect of our daily life. (努力推理出问题或研究一个主题不仅能更好地理解主题，还能bolsters 我们在日常
生活各个方面使用的解决问题和批判性思维技能)”中“not only creates better topic understanding...but...”
可知，句中在描述“努力推理出问题或研究一个主题”所带来的好处，结合“problem-solving and critical
thinking skills”可推知，可以“增强”或“提升”解决问题和批判性思维技能。故划线词意为“增强；提
升”，与“Sharpens”同义。
36．推理判断题。通读全文，文章第一段指出AI 在教育中的普及及其益处，第二段指出AI 可能带来的负
面影响，第三段进一步阐述跳过思考过程的危害，最后一段建议“we should take a moment before using
AI to determine if we actually need it. (在使用AI 之前，我们应该花点时间确定我们是否真的需要它)”，由
此推知，作者的写作目的是建议在学习中合理使用AI。
Passage 10
（2026·四川德阳·模拟预测）In the digital age, we live in a world designed by recommendation engines.
From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next.
This “algorithmic (算法) system” promises to make our lives more efficient by removing the trouble of making
choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is
creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our sense of self.
The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally backward-looking. An algorithm
functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or liked — to suggest something similar.
This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes rather than challenging them. If we only ever
see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of
culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own reflections.
Furthermore, this constant digital guidance has a deep psychological impact. As we rely more on machines
to make decisions for us, our ability to judge for ourselves begins to disappear. When an app tells us which
restaurant to visit or which route to take, we stop exercising our own minds. This leads to a state of “mental
autopilot,” where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data. The personal will that once
defined the human experience — the conscious act of making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance
of suggestions.
To resist this, we must reintroduce intentionality into our daily lives. This does not mean abandoning
technology, but making a deliberate effort to seek out the unknown. It might mean wandering into a bookstore
without a specific plan, or choosing a movie based on a friend’s suggestion rather than a “match” score. By
embracing the unexpected, we can reclaim the autonomy that the digital world takes away. The goal is to ensure
that technology remains a tool for our use, rather than a blueprint for who we are.
37．What is the primary function of algorithms?
A．To predict future preferences.
B．To provide digital security.
C．To record users’ past behavior.
D．To encourage creative thinking.
38．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss?
A．The history of online behavior.
B．The restriction of repetitive cycles.
C．The benefits of personalized data.
D．The importance of cultural diversity.
39．What does the underlined part “mental autopilot” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．A skill for future life.
B．A result of excessive data.
C．A way to save time.
D．A loss of independence.
40．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Stay in Control of Our Digital Lives.
B．Reflect on the Algorithmic System.
C．Regain the Power of Cultural Tastes.
D．Escape from the Trap of Algorithms.
【答案】37．A 38．B 39．D 40．A
【导语】这篇文章主要探讨了算法推荐虽便捷，却形成陷阱，限制视野、让人丧失独立思考能力。我们不
必摒弃科技，而应主动探索未知，牢牢掌控自己的数字生活。
【详解】37．细节理解题。根据第一段中“From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software
is constantly predicting what we might want next.(我们流媒体播放的音乐到阅读的新闻，精巧的软件不断
预测着我们接下来可能想要什么。)”可知，算法的核心功能是通过分析用户数据预测其未来的偏好和需求，
从而推送个性化内容。
38．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally
backward-looking. An algorithm functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or
liked — to suggest something similar. This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes
rather than challenging them. If we only ever see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected
discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own
reflections.(这种数字文化的根本问题在于其本质上具有向后看的倾向。算法通过分析你的过往行为——比
如你点击、观看或点赞的内容——来推荐类似的东西。这形成了一种“重复循环”，强化了我们现有的偏
好，而非挑战它们。如果我们只看到自己已经喜欢的事物，就失去了意外发现的机会。我们不再主动探索
文化，而只是被动地接受来自自身反馈的信息。)”可知，第二段主要讨论了算法形成的 “重复循环”如何
限制了用户的视野和体验。
39．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When an app tells us which restaurant to visit or which route to take, we
stop exercising our own minds.(当一款应用告诉我们该去哪家餐厅，或该走哪条路线时，我们便不再动用
自己的思维。)”以及“The personal will that once defined the human experience — the conscious act of
making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance of suggestions.(曾经定义人类体验的个人意志
——即有意识地做出选择的行为——正被被动接受建议所取代。)”结合划线短语中“This leads to a state of
… where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data.( 这导致了……的状态，我们随数
据提供的最便捷路径漂浮于生活之中。)”可知，上文提到我们便不再动用自己的思维，下文说人类体验的
个人意志正被被动接受建议所取代，由此可知，划线部分“mental autopilot”指的是人们过度依赖算法做
决定，不再独立思考，失去了自主判断和选择的能力，只能被动接受数据的建议，D 选项A loss of
independence“独立性的丧失”符合语境。
40 ．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“ In the digital age, we live in a world designed by
recommendation engines. From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly
predicting what we might want next. This “algorithmic ( 算法) system” promises to make our lives more
efficient by removing the trouble of making choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering
exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our
sense of self.(在数字时代，我们生活在一个由推荐引擎设计的世界里。从我们流媒体播放的音乐到阅读的
新闻，精巧的软件不断预测着我们接下来可能想要什么。这种“算法系统”承诺通过消除做选择的麻烦，
让我们的生活更加高效。理论上，它应通过提供我们真正喜欢的内容来提升我们的满意度。然而在现实中，
它却制造出一种“便利陷阱”，逐渐削弱了我们的自我意识。)”可知，文章主要探讨了算法推荐虽便捷，
却形成陷阱，限制视野、让人丧失独立思考能力。我们不必摒弃科技，而应主动探索未知，牢牢掌控自己
的数字生活。由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“掌控我们的数字生活”。
