第05 讲 选修三~选修四词汇
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警.................................................................................................................................................2
02 体系构建·思维可视.................................................................................................................................................3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚.................................................................................................................................................4
考点一选修三核心知识.................................................................................................................................................4
知识点1 读单词、识词义..........................................................................................................................................
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换......................................................................................................................
考向1 重点词汇综合检测......................................................................................................................................
考向2 单元话题语法填空训练..............................................................................................................................
考点二选修四核心知识...............................................................................................................................................41
知识点1 读单词、识词义..........................................................................................................................................
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换......................................................................................................................
考向1 重点词汇综合检测......................................................................................................................................
考向2 单元话题语法填空训练..............................................................................................................................
考点要求
考题统计
考情分析
教材词汇
课标词汇
2025 :spare , count on; fire
( 熟词生义) ;company;
permission
;
uncomfortable;cut;
2024:confirm ;guidance( 派生
词) ;digital ; professionally
(派生词)
2023:rental,erase,statistician,bim
onthly;
fiberglass,
ecosystem,checkpoint;
mind(n.-v.); leaf(n.-v.); tear(n.-
v.);
average(n.-v.); touch(v.-n.);
新高考词汇难度增大。2025 年新高考I 卷为例,不包含听力
部分和问题部分,总词数便达2600 词。其中包括很多派生
词。新高考II 卷包含听力部分试卷总词数达2904 词。读后
续写部分要求读写结合,需要更多的词汇积累和输出。这
个数词基本与2024 年持平,但对于词汇的活用有增无减。
在备考中,应当注重掌握课标,扩充课外阅读量。
1. 稳中有升增加对熟词生义的考查。
2. 适度考查一些学生不常接触的高考词汇。
3. 加大了对构词法的考查力度。
4. 全面考查词汇在语境中灵活运用的能力,如情境意识、
同义转换和概要思维能力。
复习目标:以新课标词汇为依据,新教材单词表为蓝本,以近三年新高考真题为导向,在一轮词汇复习
中夯实词汇基础,并反复积累,运用构词法扩大词汇量并在大量的语篇阅读中迁移词汇运用能力,大胆
猜测熟词的生义并积累地道的搭配和习惯用语。
02
考点一 选修三核心知识
Unit 1 Face values
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.boost v.促进,推动
2.lipstick n.唇膏,口红
3.identical adj.完全相同的;非常相似的
4.roommate n.(尤指大学里的)室友
5.makeover n.(以新衣服、新发型等进行的)打扮,装扮
6.overlook v.忽视,忽略;俯瞰,远眺
7.beast n.(尤指体型庞大或危险的)野兽
8.timid adj.胆小的,胆怯的
9.coward n.胆小鬼;懦夫
10.bookish adj.好读书的,书呆子气的
11.kidnap v.绑架;劫持
12.graceful adj.优美的,优雅的
13.defect n.缺点,缺陷,毛病
14.exclaim v.(因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而)呼喊,惊叫
15.heartfelt adj.衷心的,诚挚的
16.compassion n.怜悯;同情
17.utter v.(尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
18.syllable n.音节
19.immense adj.巨大的
20.monster n.怪物
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.enlarge v.(使)增大,扩大→large adj.大的
2.misjudge v.对(人或情况)判断错误→judge v.判断 n.法官
3.bother v.(使)苦恼→bothered adj.感到麻烦的;讨厌的
4.skinny adj.极瘦的,皮包骨的→skin n.皮肤
5.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在);感谢→acknowledgement n.承认;感谢
6.assumption n.假定,假设→assume v.假定;假设→assuming conj.假如
7.saving n.积蓄→save v.节省;救
8.finding n.研究的结果;发现→find v.发现
9 .frightful adj. 可怕的→fright n .惊吓;害怕→frighten v .使害怕→frightened adj. 感到害怕的
→frightening adj.令人害怕的
10.outward adj.外表的,表面的→inward adj.向内的;内心的
11.loyal adj.忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的→loyalty n.忠诚
12.novelist n.小说家→novel n.小说 adj.新颖的
13.comprehension n.理解(力)→comprehend v.理解
14.expression n.表情;神色→express v.表达→expressive adj.有表现力的
15.motive n.(尤指隐藏的)动机,原因,目的→motivate v.激励;激发
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The study’s (find) that regular exercise improves mental health is widely accepted by the medical
community.
【答案】finding
【详解】考查名词。句意:这项研究关于规律锻炼能改善心理健康的发现,被医学界广泛接受。由空前
study’s 为名词所有格可知,此处为名词作主语,find 名词为finding。故填finding。
2.The ballet dancer was so (grace) on stage.
【答案】graceful
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这位芭蕾舞演员在舞台上非常优雅。本空在句中作表语,用形容词
graceful“优雅的”。故填graceful。
3.As a leading (novel), Tom has got a lot of attention and is enjoying a good reputation.
【答案】novelist
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为一名顶尖的小说家,汤姆备受关注且享有良好声誉。空处作宾语,需用名
词形式,表示“小说家”应用novelist,不定冠词a 修饰单数可数名词。故填novelist。
4.Despite modern trends, her determined (loyal) to classical oil painting set her work apart in the
contemporary art scene.
【答案】loyalty
【详解】考查名词。句意:尽管存在现代艺术的种种潮流,但她对古典油画的坚定执着使她的作品在当代
艺术领域中独树一帜。空处应用名词,作主语;loyalty 为名词,表示“忠诚”,符合句意。故填loyalty。
5.Her worried (express) on her face suggested that she was very frightened.
【答案】expression
【详解】考查名词。句意:她脸上忧虑的表情表明她很害怕。作主语,应用名词expression,故填
expression。
6.The movie bears little (resemble) to the original novel.
【答案】resemblance
【详解】考查名词。句意:这部电影与原著几乎没有相似之处。空处作bears 的宾语,被little 修饰,应用
resemble 的名词形式resemblance,意为“相似,相像”,短语bear resemblance to 意为“与……相似,
与……相像”。故填resemblance。
7.What was really astonishing was his listening (comprehend).
【答案】comprehension
【详解】考查名词。句意:真正让人吃惊的是他的听力理解。此处应用名词comprehension 作表语,抽象
概念,不可数。故填comprehension。
8.He also reminds us of the need to look at our past with honesty and acknowledge mistakes and
(misjudge).
【答案】misjudgments
【详解】考查名词。句意:他还提醒我们有必要诚实地审视我们的过去,并承认错误和误判。提示词与名
词mistakes 是并列关系,用可数名词misjudgment 的复数形式作宾语,意为“误判”,故填misjudgments。
9.That could mean a (save) of up to five hundred pounds a year.
【答案】saving
【详解】考查名词。句意:这可能意味着每年节省高达500 英镑。分析句子可知,此空应填名词作宾语,
saving,表“节省”,为可数名词,且由空前a 可知,这里应用单数形式。故填saving。
10.People tend to make (assume) about you when you have a disability.
【答案】assumptions
【详解】考查名词。句意:当你有残疾时,人们往往会对你做出假设。空处需填名词assumption,作宾语,
此处表示泛指,且没有冠词限定,需填名词复数形式。故填assumptions。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·青海西宁·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Defeat Disability
Yang’s ambition was to get an architect certificate or become a bowling master. But when he 1
(conduct) experiments with a microscope in the basement, a tank on the bench exploded, sending him flying
outwards through the exit. In other words, he was disabled.
2 (feel) clumsy, he was annoyed at first though nobody made fun of him. He cut out going
outdoors and just sat 3 at home talking to his parrot or tortoise silently. His sister resigned to help him in
many ways. Her assistance and encouragement were so 4 (benefit) to his psychology 5 he
adapted to his disability soon and became outgoing again. In a college accessible to him, he studied politics and
literature. He always sat in the front row near 6 entry without any absence and, 7 the help of
his handy laptop, he studied well by means of dictation. His thesis ( 论文), Abolishing Slavery, met with all
professors’ approval. After class, he and his companions often played drum music, 8 was noisy but
suitable for his hearing. After graduation, he made high profits by 9 (design) software for a firm.
All in all, in his community, he won his dignity and people’s congratulations. He always wished all the best
to his 10 (disable) fellows and encouraged them, “Never mind! All you have is adequate to get your
achievement! ”
【答案】
1.was conducting 2.Feeling 3.around 4.beneficial 5.that 6.the 7.with
8.which 9.designing 10.disabled
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了因一次意外导致身体残疾的杨并没有放弃,而是靠自身的毅力完成
学业并且就职电脑公司的励志故事。
1.考查时态。句意:但当他在地下室用显微镜做实验时,长凳上的一个坦克爆炸了,他从出口飞了出去。
根据语意可知,正在做实验时发生爆炸,所以是过去进行时,主语为he,谓语用单数。故填was
conducting。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然没有人取笑他,但他觉得自己笨手笨脚的,一开始很生气。he 和feel 构
成主动关系,现在分词作原因状语。首字母大写。故填 Feeling。
3.考查副词。句意:他不再出门,只是坐在家里,默默地和他的鹦鹉或乌龟说话。sit around 固定搭配
“无所事事”。故填 around。
4.考查形容词。句意:她的帮助和鼓励对他的心理非常有益,他很快就适应了自己的残疾,又变得外向
了。作表语用形容词beneficial。故填beneficial。
5.考查固定句型。句意:她的帮助和鼓励对他的心理非常有益,他很快就适应了自己的残疾,又变得外
向了。引导结果状语,so…that…固定句型“如此……以至于……”。故填 that。
6.考查冠词。句意:他总是坐在前排靠近入口的地方,从不缺席,在手提电脑的帮助下,他通过听写的
方式学习得很好。空处位于名词前,修饰名词,所以是冠词,且定冠词 the,表特指。故填 the。
7.考查介词。句意:他总是坐在前排靠近入口的地方,从不缺席,在手提电脑的帮助下,他通过听写的
方式学习得很好。with the help of sb./sth.固定搭配“在……的帮助下”。故填 with。
8.考查定语从句。句意:下课后,他和同伴们经常打鼓,虽然很吵,但很适合他的听力。空处引导非限
制性定语从句,指代前文那句话且在从句中作主语。故填which。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:毕业后,他通过为一家公司设计软件赚取了高额利润。处位于介词by 后面,
用动名词形式作宾语。故填 designing。
10.考查形容词。句意:他总是祝福他的残疾伙伴们一切顺利,并鼓励他们说:“没关系!你所拥有的一
切足以让你取得成就!”修饰名词 fellows 作定语,应用形容词disabled。故填 disabled。
(23-24 高二·全国·课后作业)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In order to discover what “me” means to other people, Dr Hart, a psychologist, made some interviews and
comments.
Jade is a plain-looking girl who would love to look good. Since she 1 (discover) selfie apps that could
beautify one’s image, she has become addicted 2 them. Dr Hart says that obsessive online photo editing
indicates 3 lack of self-confidence and a desire for attention and that 4 Jade does tends to
misjudge herself.
Anthony, 21, a college student, never used to care about his 5 (appear). However, a TV programme
changed him. He realized that external beauty wasn’t 6 (total) worthless. Dr Hart agrees with him, saying
that inner beauty is very important, but external beauty can’t be completely 7 (overlook).
Emma, 17, a senior high school student, has been 8 (large) than other girls. She tried every means
possible to lose weight, only 9 (bring) herself nothing but pain and poor health. The success story of a
plus-size model changed her ideas about what it means to be beautiful. She realized that 10 (keep) fit was
the most important thing.
【答案】
1.discovered 2.to 3.a 4.what 5.appearance 6.totally 7.overlooked 8.
larger 9.to bring 10.keeping
【导语】本文是一篇访谈。介绍了心理学家哈特博士对三个青年关于外表方面的采访和评论。
1.考查动词时态。句意:自从她发现了可以美化个人形象的自拍软件后,她就沉迷其中了。根据主句谓
语has become 现在完成时可知,since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故填discovered。
2.考查介词。句意:自从她发现了可以美化个人形象的自拍软件后,她就沉迷其中了。固定搭配become
addicted to...“变得对……上瘾”。故填to。
3.考查冠词。句意:哈特博士说,沉迷于在网上编辑照片表明她缺乏自信,渴望得到关注,而杰德所做
的往往是对自己的错误判断。固定搭配a lack of“缺乏……”。故填a。
4.考查主语从句。句意:哈特博士说,沉迷于在网上编辑照片表明她缺乏自信,渴望得到关注,而杰德
所做的往往是对自己的错误判断。分析句子结构可知,“______ Jade does”是主语从句,且缺少宾语,指
“……的事情”,故填what。
5.考查名词。句意:21 岁的大学生安东尼过去从不在意自己的外表。空处作“care about”的宾语,且前有
“his”,所以用名词形式,表示“外表”是不可数名词,故填appearance。
6.考查副词。句意:他意识到外在的美并非毫无价值。修饰形容词“worthless”应用副词。故填totally。
7.考查过去分词。句意:哈特博士同意他的观点,他说内在美很重要,但外在美也不能完全被忽视。
beauty 与overlook 之间为被动关系,用被动语态,结合空前的“can’t be”可知,需填过去分词,故填
overlooked。
8.考查形容词比较级。句意:17 岁的艾玛是一名高中生,她比其他女孩都要胖。根据“than other girls”可
知此处应用形容词比较级形式。故填larger。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:她想尽一切办法减肥,结果除了痛苦和不健康之外什么也没给自己带来。
“only to do”表示一种意料之外的结果,作结果状语。故填to bring。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:她意识到保持健康是最重要的事情。分析句子结构可知,空处应为动名词作
宾语从句的主语,表示一般性的行为,故填keeping。
Unit 2 A life’s work
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.faraway adj.遥远的
2.atomic adj.原子能的;核能的
3.hydrogen n.氢
4.propulsion n.(车辆等的)推进力
5.jet propulsion 喷气推进
6.spotlight n.聚光灯;媒体的关注
7.prosperous adj.富裕的,繁荣的,兴旺的,发达的
8.workplace n.工作场所
9.timepiece n.计时器;钟;表
10.painstaking adj.小心的;费尽心思的;精心的
11.workshop n.车间,工场
12.melody n.歌曲;曲调
13.spin v.将(棉花、羊毛等)纺成(线),纺(线)
14.exaggeration n.夸大,夸张
15.metaphor n.隐喻,暗喻
16.nonetheless adv.然而,但是;尽管如此,虽然如此
17.artisan n.工匠,手艺人
18.apt adj.适当的,恰当的
19.timeless adj.永恒的,恒久的;永不过时的
20.modest adj.谦虚的,谦逊的
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.fascination n.着迷;迷恋;魅力;极大的吸引力→fascinate v.吸引;迷住→fascinating adj.迷人的
→fascinated adj.被迷住的;被吸引住的
2.fashion n.时尚→fashionable adj.时髦的;流行的
3.uncomplicated adj.不复杂的,简单的;单纯的→complicated(反)adj.复杂的;难懂的→complicate v.
使……更复杂
4.craft n.(某一行业所需的)技能;工艺;手艺→craftsman n.工匠;手艺人→craftsmanship n.手艺;
工艺
5.trial n.试验;试用→try v.尝试
6.restoration n.(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复,整修→ restore v.恢复;修复
7.maximum n.最大量,最大值→minimum(反)n.最小量
8.preserve v.维护,保护;保存→preservation n.保护
9.dominate v.支配,控制,主宰→domination n.控制;统治
10.architecture n.建筑风格,建筑设计→architect n.建筑师
11.ambitious adj.宏大的,艰巨的→ambition n.野心;雄心
12.associate v.与……有关→association n.联系;协会;社团→associated adj.有联系的
13.analysis n.分析→analyse v.分析
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It is estimated that major (restore) work will take at least two months.
【答案】restoration
【详解】考查名词。句意:据估计,主要的整修工作至少需要两个月的时间。空处修饰名词work,需用名
词restoration,作定语。故填restoration。
2.The girls listened in (fascinate) as the story unfolded.
【答案】fascination
【详解】考查名词。句意:当故事展开时,女孩们听得入迷。介词in 后接名词形式。fascinate 的名词形式
为fascination,表示“入迷”之意。故填fascination。
3.It is an (ambition) engineering project that requires the joint effort of all concerned to complete it.
【答案】ambitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这是一项雄心勃勃的工程项目,需要所有相关人员共同努力才能完成。这里
需要一个形容词来修饰后面的名词短语engineering project,在句中作定语。ambition 是名词,其形容词形
式为ambitious“有雄心的”。故填ambitious。
4.It is said that the man lives in a very (fashion) part of London.
【答案】fashionable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:据说那个人住在伦敦一个很时髦的地方。此处修饰名词part,应用形容词
fashionable“时髦的”,作定语。故填fashionable。
5.Gradually, Microsoft became the (dominate) company in the software business.
【答案】dominant
【详解】考查形容词。句意:渐渐地,微软成为了软件行业中的主导公司。本空修饰名词company,应用
形容词形式,作前置定语。dominate 的形容词为dominant,意为“主导的,统治的”。故填dominant。
6.Scientists transmuted matter into pure energy and exploded the first (atom) bomb.
【答案】atomic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:科学家们将物质转化为纯能量,引爆了第一颗原子弹。提示词修饰名词
bomb,用形容词atomic 作定语,意为“原子的”。故填atomic。
7.Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so (harsh).
【答案】harshly
【详解】考查副词。句意:很快,她学会了欣赏生活,而不是如此苛刻地评判一切。副词harshly 作状语修
饰动词judge。故填harshly。
8.They include not only ordinary people but also a number of (celebrity) who define themselves as
shy.
【答案】celebrities
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们当中不仅包括普通人,还包括一些将自己定义为害羞的名人。a number of
表示“许多;大量”,后接可数名词复数形式,作动词include 的宾语。celebrity 是可数名词,意为“名人;
名流”,其复数形式为celebrities。故填celebrities。
9.The idea of getting social organizations involved in heritage (preserve) has been considered for
several years.
【答案】preservation
【详解】考查名词。句意:让社会组织参与遗产保护的想法已经考虑了好几年。根据句意及英文提示可知,
此处使用名词preservation“保护”,作in 的宾语。故填preservation。
10.The scientists are doing clinical (trial) on a new drug at present.
【答案】trials
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:科学家们目前正在对一种新药进行临床试验。结合语境可知数量大于一应
用复数形式。故填trials。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·湖南邵阳·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Employees in China may get a chance to take a breath from the tiring and punishing “996 work culture”,
1 people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, after several Chinese 2 (company) issued
internal reminders to prevent formalistic (形式主义的) overtime working and workplace rat race (职场内卷).
The central government has also shown greater determination 3 (regulate) the unhealthy “work
culture”. Recently, local officials 4 (urge) to better protect workers’ right to rest and tighten supervision
(监督) of employers’ behavior of 5 (illegal) lengthening employees’ working hours.
Before the action plan was released, several Chinese companies 6 (seek) to relax their exhausting
working schedules. Shenzhen-based drone manufacturer DJI became a popular topic 7 a social media
platform — Sina Weibo recently, after some of its employees posted 8 (they) experiences of not being
allowed to work overtime after 9 pm. Midea, a home appliance manufacturer, issued an internal notice in late
January, 9 (ask) its staff members to simplify their working process, reduce work-related WeChat groups
and avoid formalistic meetings.
These changes mark 10 significant shift in China’s workplace culture, focusing on employees’
well-being over unreasonable overtime.
【答案】
1.where 2.companies 3.to regulate 4.have been urged 5.illegally 6.had sought
7.on 8.their 9.asking 10.a
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国政府及企业正采取措施,抵制“996 工作文化”,以
保护劳动者权益和提升职场福祉。
1.考查定语从句。句意:在几家中国公司发布内部提醒,防止形式主义的加班和职场内卷之后,中国的
员工可能会得到一个从令人疲惫和惩罚性的“996 工作文化”中喘口气的机会,在这种文化中,人们每周
工作六天,从早上9 点工作到晚上9 点。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为“996 work culture”,表示
抽象地点,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
2.考查名词复数。句意同上。根据空前several 可知,空处应用可数名词company 的复数形式companies。
故填companies。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:中央政府也表现出了更大的决心来规范不健康的“工作文化”。根据句意和
空前greater determination 可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词determination,determination to
do sth.意为“做某事的决心”。故填to regulate。
4.考查时态和语态。句意:最近,地方官员被敦促更好地保护工人的休息权,并加强对雇主非法延长员
工工作时间的监督。根据时间状语Recently 和句意可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语local officials 和动词
urge 之间为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为复数,助动词应用have。故填have been
urged。
5.考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词lengthening,应用副词illegally“非法地”作状语。故填illegally。
6.考查时态。句意:在行动计划发布之前,几家中国公司已经寻求放松他们令人疲惫的工作时间表。空
处为主句谓语动词,根据时间状语从句Before the action plan was released 可知,此处表示“过去的过去”,
应用过去完成时。故填had sought。
7.考查介词。句意:总部位于深圳的无人机制造商大疆最近在社交媒体平台新浪微博上成为一个热门话
题,此前该公司的一些员工发布了他们在晚上9 点后不被允许加班的经历。根据句意和空后a social media
platform 可知,此处表示“在社交媒体平台上”,应用介词on。故填on。
8.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后experiences 可知,空处应用形容词性物主代词their 作定语,修饰名词。
故填their。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:家电制造商美的在1 月底发布了一份内部通知,要求其员工简化工作流程,
减少与工作相关的微信群,并避免形式主义的会议。句中已有谓语动词issued,空处应用非谓语动词,逻
辑主语an internal notice 和动词ask 之间为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填asking。
10.考查冠词。句意:这些变化标志着中国职场文化的一个重大转变,即关注员工的福祉,而不是不合理
的加班。shift 为可数名词单数,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且significant 为辅音音素开头的单词,应
用a。故填a。
(2025·贵州黔东南·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many young people in China, 1 (particular) those born in the 1990s and even 2000s, are choosing
2 (pursue) careers in elderly care services. Wang Hanlin, a “post-90s” professional, has dedicated 3
(he) to this industry for 11 years. He is currently a music therapist at the Chengxin old-age community in Beijing’s
Chaoyang district.
Every week, Wang Hanlin teaches a “relaxation class” 4 (aim) at improving sleep health. After
each session, many elderly residents enter 5 deeply relaxed state, with some even falling asleep.
Working as a music therapist in an elderly care community is very different from working in a clinical
setting. Here, music therapists are not only “therapists’’ 6 “social workers”. In addition to their regular
therapeutic sessions, they also engage in 7 (activity) like “forming bands, rehearsing performances, and
guiding the elderly in playing instruments”.
Wang Hanlin says that choosing music therapy as a career 8 (require) a genuine desire to help
others. 9 a true passion for this work, he feels that one may not be suited for the field, and would miss
out on the joy it brings: “From the age of 60 and beyond, accompanying the elderly through their later years and
forming deep connections with them provide invaluable energy, knowledge, and guidance, 10 cannot be
measured in monetary terms.”
【答案】
1.particularly 2.to pursue 3.himself 4.aimed 5.a 6.but 7.activities 8.
requires 9.Without 10.which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了90 后音乐治疗师王翰林在北京朝阳区一家养老社区的工作
经历及其对老年护理事业的热情与奉献。
1.考查副词。句意:中国的许多年轻人,尤其是90 后甚至00 后,正选择从事老年护理服务行业。空处修
饰后面整个句子,应用副词形式particularly“尤其,特别”,作状语。故填particularly。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的许多年轻人,尤其是90 后甚至00 后,正选择从事老年护理服务行业。
choose to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“选择做某事”,空处应填不定式形式,作宾语。故填to pursue。
3.考查代词。句意:90 后专业人士王翰林已经投身这个行业11 年了。dedicate oneself to 为固定搭配,表
示“致力于,投身于”,空处应用反身代词himself。故填himself。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:每周,王翰林都会教一门旨在改善睡眠健康的“放松课程”。根据句子结构
可知,空处应填非谓语动词形式作后置定语,修饰名词relaxation class,aim 和relaxation class 之间为逻辑
上的动宾关系,应用过去分词形式。故填aimed。
5.考查冠词。句意:每次课程结束后,许多老年居民都会进入一种深度放松的状态,有些人甚至睡着了。
state 为可数名词单数形式,空处应填冠词,表泛指“一种深度放松的状态”,deeply 以辅音音素开头,应
用不定冠词a。故填a。
6.考查连词。句意:在这里,音乐治疗师不仅是“治疗师”,而且是“社会工作者”。根据句子结构可
知,not only...but (also)为固定搭配,意为“不但……而且……”,空处应填并列连词but。故填but。
7.考查名词复数。句意:除了他们的常规治疗课程外,他们还会参与“组建乐队、排练表演以及指导老
年人演奏乐器”等活动。activity 为可数名词,根据空后列举的“forming bands, rehearsing performances, and
guiding the elderly in playing instruments”可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
8.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:王翰林说,选择音乐治疗作为职业需要真诚地帮助他人的愿望。空
处作that 引导从句的谓语动词,句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语为动名词短语choosing
music therapy as a career,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。
9.考查介词。句意:如果没有对这份工作的真正热爱,他觉得一个人可能不适合这个领域,也会错过它
带来的快乐。根据句意可知,空处表示“没有”,应用介词without,句首单词首字母大写。故填
Without。
10.考查定语从句。句意:从 60 岁及以上的年龄开始,陪伴老年人度过他们的晚年并与他们建立深厚的
联系,能提供无法用金钱衡量的无价的能量、知识和指导。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为
invaluable energy, knowledge, and guidance,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which 引导从句。
故填which。
Unit 3 War and peace
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.troop n.部队;军队
2.codename v.起代号为
3.tide n.潮水
4.supreme adj.最高的
5.coastline n.海岸线
6.gunfire n.炮火
7.amongst prep.在……当中(=among)
8.weary v.(使)非常疲倦
9.condemn v.迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地
10.peacekeeping n.维持和平(的行动)
11.peacekeeper n.维和人员
12.friction n.冲突,摩擦
13.disarm v.解除武装
14.associated adj.联合的
15.disrupt v.扰乱
16.peer n.同龄人;同辈
17.breeze n.微风
18.crowning adj.使圆满的,使完美的
19.prominent adj.著名的,杰出的
20.commemorate v.庆祝,为……举行纪念活动
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.violent adj.狂暴的,凶暴的→violence n.暴力
2.landing n.(军队的)登陆,着陆;降落→land n.陆地 v.着陆;登陆
3.commander n.指挥官,长官→command v.指挥;命令;博得→commanding adj.指挥的;威严的
4.objective n.目标,目的→object n.物体 v.反对→objection n.反对
5.horror n.令人惊恐的事→horrible adj.可怕的→horrify v.使害怕
6.drown v.(使)淹死→drowned adj.淹死的→drowning adj.要淹死的
7.barely adv.勉强才能→bare adj.光秃的;赤裸的
8.liberate v.解放(城市、国家等) →liberation n.解放
9.memorial adj.纪念的,追悼的 n.纪念馆,纪念碑→memory n.记忆→memorize v.记住
10.stability n.稳固,稳定→stable adj.稳定的
11.professionalism n.专业水准;专业素质;职业精神→profession n.专业;职业→professional adj.专
业的
12.academic adj.学术的→academy n.学院;学会
13.aggression n.侵略→aggressive adj.好斗的;有进取心的→aggressor n.侵略者
14.rough adj.简单的;粗糙的,简陋的→roughly adv.大约;粗鲁地
15.emerge v.出现→emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况
16.invader n.侵略者,侵略军→invade v.侵略;侵犯
17.misty adj.多雾的→mist n.薄雾;水汽
18.glory n.辉煌的成就;荣耀的事;荣誉→glorious adj.光荣的
19.dedication n.奉献→dedicate v.奉献→dedicated adj.专注的;献身的
20.representative n.代表→represent v.代表;描绘
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.I find it difficult to be (object) where he’s concerned.
【答案】objective
【详解】考查形容词。句意:一涉及到他,我就很难做到客观。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作表语,
所给词object 为动词,其形容词形式是objective,意为“客观的”。故填objective。
2.Sarah, a (represent) of the marketing department, will host the meeting.
【答案】representative
【详解】考查名词。句意:莎拉,市场部的一名代表,将主持这次会议。空处位于不定冠词a 后,应填名
词形式作同位语,对Sarah 的身份进行解释说明,represent 为动词,其名词形式representative 表示“代
表”,符合语境,不定冠词a 后应用单数形式。故填representative。
3.Caught in the rain, her clothes were (horror) wet.
【答案】horribly
【详解】考查副词。句意:她的衣服被雨淋得湿透了。空处修饰形容词wet,应用horror 的副词形式
horribly,意为“非常地”。故填horribly。
4.He tends to act (violent), and is a danger to people around him at any time.
【答案】violently
【详解】考查副词。句意:他有暴力倾向,对他周围的人随时都是危险的。空处修饰动词act,结合“is a
danger to people around him”可知,violent 的副词形式violently 符合题意,意为“暴力地”,作状语。故填
violently。
5.The Chinese middle school students return in September for the start of the new (academy) year.
【答案】academic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:中国中学生9 月份返校,开始新学年。本空修饰名词year,应用形容词形式,
作前置定语。academy 的形容词为academic,意为“学术的”。故填academic。
6.A ban was imposed on the use of chemical (weapon).
【答案】weapons
【详解】考查名词。句意:对使用化学武器实施了禁令。此处为名词作宾语,weapon 表示“武器”的意思,
为可数名词,在这个上下文中应当使用复数形式以表示泛指所有类型的化学武器。故填weapons。
7.Your time could be usefully employed in attending to (profession) matters.
【答案】professional
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你的时间可以有效地用于处理专业事务。作定语,修饰后文名词matters,用
形容词professional。故填professional。
8.The patient’s condition is (stable) improving after the operation.
【答案】stably
【详解】考查副词。句意:手术后病人的病情稳定好转。空处修饰动词is improving,stable 的副词形式
stably 符合题意,意为“稳定地”。故填stably。
9.Lacking sleep caused him poor (memorial) and poor concentration.
【答案】memory
【详解】考查名词。句意:睡眠不足导致他记忆力差且注意力不集中。空处需要名词作动词caused 的宾语,
memory 为memorial 的名词形式,意为“记忆力”,符合语境。故填memory。
10.By investing in health and education, the social (stable) can be ensured due to the narrowing of the
division between the rich and the poor.
【答案】stability
【详解】考查名词。句意:通过对保健和教育的投资,可以缩小贫富差距,从而确保社会稳定。根据空格
前的形容词social 可知,此处用提示词的名词形式stability 作主语表示“稳定”。故填stability。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025 高三·全国·专题练习)短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点,请在空白处填入1 个恰当的单词或括
号内单词的正确形式,并背诵该短文。
A 90-year-old man 1 (bare) recalled what had happened before his town 2 (liberate).
One day, German troops in Nazi uniforms suddenly emerged in his town. Their objective was 3
(create) a friction, do violence to people there and control the town. 4 (face) with invasion, different
representatives, such as academic groups and other walks of life, gathered together and decided to take action to
fight 5 the violent German rule. Then, large sums of money were raised in secret to buy weapons, tanks,
grain and 6 (relevance) things. These would add to the 7 (stable) for success of the battle. After
several months hard struggle, the German positions were bombed and they had to give in. Finally people got
freedom and peace. How happy they were!
Every year people in the town hold 8 memorial ceremony to remember those 9 lost their
lives in the war and 10 (they) outstanding acts of courage.
【答案】
1.barely 2.was liberated 3.to create 4.Faced 5.against 6.relevant 7.stability
8.a 9.who 10.their
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一位老人的镇子从纳粹手中解放的事情。
1.考查副词。句意:一位90 岁的老人勉强记得在他的城镇解放之前发生了什么。空处修饰谓语recalled,
应用副词。barely 意为“勉强”。故填barely。
2.考查时态和语态。句意参考上题。根据before 可知,liberate 表示的动作发生在had happened 之后,应
用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情。his town 和liberate 之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态。且主语his
town 为单数,谓语用单数。故填was liberated。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们的目的是制造摩擦,对那里的人实施暴力,并控制该镇。空处作表语。
主语为objective,所以应用不定式作表语,说明objective 的内容。故填to create。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:面对入侵,学术团体和其他各行各业的不同代表聚集在一起,决定采取行动
打击德国的暴力统治。face 和逻辑主语different representatives 之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词,作状语。
故填Faced。
5.考查介词。句意参考上题。fight against 意为“对抗”。故填against。
6.考查形容词。句意:然后,秘密筹集了大量资金,用于购买武器、坦克、粮食和相关物品。空处修饰
things,应用形容词。relevant 意为“紧密相关的”。故填relevant。
7.考查名词。句意:这将增加战斗成功的稳定性。空前有the,空处应用名词。stability 意为“稳固(性),
稳定(性)”。故填stability。
8.考查冠词。句意:每年,镇上的人们都会举行纪念仪式,纪念那些在战争中丧生的人以及他们杰出的
勇气。这里泛指一场纪念仪式,且memorial 发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
9.考查定语从句。句意参考上题。空处引导定语从句,修饰指人的those,所以应用who 引导。故填
who。
10.考查代词。句意参考第8 题。空处修饰outstanding acts,应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
(2025·江苏·模拟预测)在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the spring of 1944, the Allied powers in World War Ⅱ took the fight against Nazi into the fifth year. 1
(plan) for months or even years, the D-Day called “Operation Overlord” was designed 2 (free) north-west
Europe from German occupation. After waiting for the perfect combination of weather, moon and tides, the date for
the start of Operation Overlord 3 (set) for June 6, 1944.
With General Eisenhower’s encouraging words 4 (ring) in their ears, Allied soldiers prepared for
5 would become known as D-Day. The Allied invasion 6 (stretch) across five beaches code-named
“Utah”, “Omaha”, “Gold”, “Juno” and “Sword”. The fiercest fighting was at Omaha Beach. Countless Allied
soldiers gave their lives on D-Day in violent attacks. Even though they were 7 the terrible cost of human
life, the D-Day landings were 8 success and were considered 9 (wide) as the beginning of the
end of World War Ⅱ. By the end of August 1944, the Allies had reached the River Seine. Paris was liberated.
Seventy years later, people including 10 (survive) came together for memorial ceremonies in
honour of those who fought and died on D-Day.
【答案】
1.Having been planned 2.to free 3.was set 4.ringing 5.what 6.stretched 7.at
8.a 9.widely 10.survivors
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了被称为“霸王行动”的诺曼底登陆的经过,这一行动是成功的,
被广泛认为是第二次世界大战结束的开始。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:经过数月甚至数年的计划,诺曼底登陆日被称为“霸王行动”,旨在将西北
欧从德国的占领中解放出来。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,此处作句子的状语,plan“计划”和句子
主语逻辑上是被动关系,且根据句意,此处强调plan 的动作先于谓语动词was designed 发生,所以用现在
分词的完成被动式。故填Having been planned。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:经过数月甚至数年的计划,诺曼底登陆日被称为“霸王行动”,旨在将西北
欧从德国的占领中解放出来。根据“was designed”可推知,此处用固定短语be designed to do sth.,意为
“旨在做某事”,因此应用不定式作主语补足语。故填to free。
3.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:在等待天气、月亮和潮汐的完美结合后,“霸王行动”的开始日期
被定在1944 年6 月6 日。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,此处在叙述过去发生的事情,时态应用一般
过去时,set 和主语the date 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语是单数名词,be 动词应用was。故填
was set。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:随着艾森豪威尔将军鼓舞人心的话语在他们耳边回响,盟军士兵们为即将到
来的诺曼底登陆日做好了准备。此处考查with 复合结构,with 的宾语words 和rise 之间是主动关系,所以
用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填ringing。
5.考查宾语从句。句意:随着艾森豪威尔将军鼓舞人心的话语在他们耳边回响,盟军士兵们为即将到来
的诺曼底登陆日做好了准备。分析句子可知,空处引导名词性从句作for 的宾语,宾语从句缺少主语,结
合句意可知,主语指物,应用连接代词what 作引导词。故填what。
6.考查时态。句意:盟军的进攻横跨了五个代号为“犹他”、“奥马哈”、“黄金”、“朱诺”和
“剑”的海滩。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,此处在叙述过去发生的事情,时态应用一般过去时。
故填stretched。
7.考查介词。句意:尽管他们付出了惨重的人命代价,但诺曼底登陆是成功的,被广泛认为是第二次世
界大战结束的开始。根据“the terrible cost of”可推知,此处用固定短语at the cost of,意为“以……为代
价”。故填at。
8.考查冠词。句意:尽管他们付出了惨重的人命代价,但诺曼底登陆是成功的,被广泛认为是第二次世
界大战结束的开始。分析句子可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且success 以辅音音
素开头,应用a。故填a。
9.考查副词。句意:尽管他们付出了惨重的人命代价,但诺曼底登陆是成功的,被广泛认为是第二次世
界大战结束的开始。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词considered,应用wide 的副词形式widely 符合题意,意
为“广泛地”。故填widely。
10.考查名词的数。句意:70 年后,包括幸存者在内的人们聚集在一起举行纪念仪式,纪念那些在诺曼底
登陆日战斗和牺牲的人。分析句子可知,空处作including 的宾语,表示“幸存者”,应用可数名词
survivor,联系语境可知,此处幸存者不止一位,survivor 应用复数形式。故填survivors。
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.artificial intelligence 人工智能
2.susceptible adj.易受影响的
3.leap n.剧变
4.cite v.引用,引述
5.reckon v.认为,以为
6.crater n.(物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的)坑
7.agile adj.敏捷的,灵活的
8.slope v.成斜坡,倾斜
9.hop n.跳跃
10.squeak v.发出吱吱声
11.tendon n.腱
12.wavelength n.波长
13.mutt n.杂种狗
14.frown v.皱眉
15.positronic adj.正电子的
16.artificial adj.人造的,人工的
17.victim n.受害者
18.capacity n.能力,才能
19.client n.客户,客人,顾客
20.cell n.细胞
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.humanity n.人类→human n.人 adj.人的;人类的
2.assistant n.助手,助理→assist v.帮助→assistance n.帮助
3.potentially adv.潜在地→potential adj.潜在的;可能的 n.潜力
4.automation n.自动化→automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地;机械地
5.regulate v.控制,管理→regulation n.规则
6.illegal adj.非法的,违法的→legal adj.合法的
7.immoral adj.不道德的,道德败坏的→moral adj.道德的
8.assess v.评价,评定→assessment n.评价;评估
9.horizon n.地平线→horizontal adj.水平的
10.cycle n.自行车→cyclist n.骑自行车的人
11.demand n.需要,需求→demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
12.mechanical adj.机械的→mechanic n.技工→mechanism n.机械装置;机件
13.imitation n.仿制品;模仿,效仿→imitate v.模仿
14.tightly adv.紧紧地→tight adj.紧的→tighten v.拧紧;加强
15.desperate adj.拼命的,绝望的→desperately adv.拼命地;绝望地→desperation n.绝望;拼命
16.faulty adj.有故障的,有缺陷的→fault n.缺陷;过错
17.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的→consist v.组成;在于;符合
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Sir, if you have a problem with the size, talk to the shopping (assist) standing right at the entrance.
【答案】assistant
【详解】考查名词。句意:先生,如果您对尺寸有问题,跟就站在入口处的购物助手说。根据句中talk to
可知,此处表示对购物助手说,空处应用名词assistant,表示“助手,店员”,shopping assistant 意为“购
物助手”,这里指特定的在入口处的购物助手,用单数形式作宾语。故填assistant。
2.Mr. Key says he refuses to fight in a war he regards as immoral and (legal).
【答案】illegal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:基先生说,他拒绝参加一场他认为不道德且不合法的战争。and 连接并列成
分,由 immoral(不道德的)可知,此处应填形容词,结合语境及常识,拒绝参战是因为认为战争不道德
且 “不合法”,legal(合法的)的反义词是 illegal(不合法的)。故illegal。
3.It’s important to show some (consistent) in your work.
【答案】consistency
【详解】考查名词。句意:在你的工作中表现出一些连贯性是很重要的。本空作show 的宾语,用名词
consistency“连贯性”,为不可数名词。故填consistency。
4.Apart from a few (fault), he is a faithful friend.
【答案】faults
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:除了一些缺点外,他是个忠实的朋友。空处用于a few 之后,应用名词的
复数形式faults,作介词宾语。故填faults。
5.The moment they met, they hugged together (tight) as if they would never separate again.
【答案】tightly
【详解】考查副词。句意:他们一见面,就紧紧地拥抱在一起,仿佛再也不会分开了。分析句子可知,这
里应填副词作状语,修饰前面动词hugged,tightly,表示“紧紧地”,符合句意。故填tightly。
6.The college is famous for its (mechanic) study, which is the leading in the country.
【答案】mechanical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这所学院以其机械研究而闻名,该研究在全国处于领先地位。此处修饰名词
study,表示“机械的”,用形容词形式mechanical,作前置定语。故填mechanical。
7.In the final (analyze), profit is the motive.
【答案】analysis
【详解】考查名词。句意:归根结底,利润是动机。final 是形容词,修饰名词,analyze 的名词是
analysis,意为“分析”,作in 宾语;in the final analysis 为固定短语,意为“归根结底;总之”。故填
analysis。
8.She’s hoping to find a job which is more intellectually (demand).
【答案】demanding
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她希望找到一份对智力要求更高的工作。根据句意和空格前的is 可知,空格
处应该用形容词demanding 作表语。故填demanding。
9.He made a careful (assess) of the harsh situation.
【答案】assessment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他对严峻的形势作了仔细的评估。根据句意和空格前的made a careful 可知,空
格处应该用单数名词assessment 作宾语。故填assessment。
10.There may be something missing in your life that you (desperate) want.
【答案】desperately
【详解】考查副词。句意:你的生活中可能缺少一些你极其渴望得到的东西。提示词修饰动词want,用副
词desperately 作状语,意为“极其,非常”。故填desperately。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·浙江杭州·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thousands of self-named “TikTok refugees (难民)” are flooding to Xiaohongshu (also known as RedNote in
App Store), 1 Chinese social media platform. The US Supreme Court is expected to decide 2
TikTok can continue operating in the country before the January 19 deadline. As it faces a such potential ban in the
United States, it is sent to the top of the US App Store download chart. By the end of last week, Xiaohongshu 3
(download) the most, ranking the top on Apple’s US App Store. Originally launched in 2013 4 a lifestyle
platform, Xiaohongshu boasts over 300 million 5 (month) active users and exceeded US$1 billion in
profit in 2024, according to Bloomberg.
Some Chinese users are going to the extra miles 6 (guide) international newcomers. A user named
Eddy Liu created a group chat offering in-depth analyses on mastering Xiaohongshu, while others have posted 7
(instruction) to make the Chinese-dominated app more accessible. Miss Fifty Yuan, a graduate from Fudan
University, 8 (author) a beginner’s guide to Chinese Internet slang previously, translating terms like yyds
(GOAT), which was widely popular. Chinese and US users are 9 (enthusiastic) sharing photos of their
pets, particularly cats, as they make their first interactions on Xiaohongshu. US users have humorously nicknamed
these images as the “Cat Tax”, 10 (refer) to a playful exchange for engagement with Chinese users.
【答案】
1.a 2.whether/if 3.had been downloaded 4.as 5.monthly 6.to guide 7.
instructions 8.authored 9.enthusiastically 10.referring
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述TikTok 面临美国禁令,用户涌入小红书的现象。
1.考查冠词。句意:数千名自称“TikTok 难民”的用户正涌入小红书 (在App Store 中又称RedNote),一
个中国社交媒体平台。platform 是可数名词,此处泛指“一个中国社交媒体平台”,Chinese 以辅音音素开
头,用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.考查宾语从句。句意:美国最高法院预计将在1 月19 日的最后期限前决定TikTok 是否能在美国继续运
营。空处引导宾语从句,从句中不缺成分,表“是否”的含义,用whether/ if。故填whether/ if。
3.考查动词时态。句意:截至上周末,小红书下载量最高,在美国苹果应用商店排名第一。By the end of
last week 为过去完成时标志,主语Xiaohongshu 与download 为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,
download 的过去分词为downloaded。故填had been downloaded。
4.考查介词。句意:据彭博社报道,小红书最初于2013 年作为生活方式平台推出,拥有超过3 亿月活跃
用户,2024 年利润超过10 亿美元。空处应用介词as,构成固定短语launch as,意为“以……形式推出”。
故填as。
5.考查形容词。句意:据彭博社报道,小红书最初于2013 年作为生活方式平台推出,拥有超过3 亿月活
跃用户,2024 年利润超过10 亿美元。空处需用形容词monthly,修饰名词users,作定语。故填monthly。
6.考查动词不定式。句意:一些中国用户正格外努力地引导国际新用户。空处需用不定式to guide,作目
的状语,即“额外努力”是为了“引导新人”。故填to guide。
7.考查名词复数。句意:一位名叫Eddy Liu 的用户创建了一个群聊,提供掌握小红书的深度分析,而其
他人则发布了操作指南,让这个以中文为主的应用更容易使用。空处应用名词作宾语,instruction 表示
“指示、指南”时常用复数形式。故填instructions。
8.考查动词时态。句意:复旦大学毕业生“五十元小姐”此前曾撰写过一份中文网络俚语入门指南,翻
译了像yyds (GOAT) 这样广受欢迎的术语。空处为句子谓语动词,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,
author 的过去式为authored。故填authored。
9.考查副词。句意:中美用户热情地分享他们宠物的照片,尤其是猫的照片,这是他们在小红书上的第
一次互动。空处应用副词,修饰动词sharing,作状语,enthusiastic 的副词形式为enthusiastically。故填
enthusiastically。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:美国用户幽默地将这些图片昵称为“猫税”,指的是与中国用户互动的一种
有趣的交换方式。句中已有谓语动词have nicknamed,空处应用非谓语动词,逻辑主语Cat Tax 与动词refer
为主谓关系,用现在分词referring 作伴随状语。故填referring。
(2025·四川凉山·三模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the ban on TikTok approaches in the United States, 1 a deadline set for January 19,2025,
millions of American users 2 are facing the prospect of losing their favorite social platform have started
migrating to a new destination: Xiaohongshu, a Chinese social media app.
These users, who have called themselves “TikTok Refugees,” have flooded into Xiaohongshu, seeking a 3
(similarity) experience to what they enjoyed on TikTok. As a result, Xiaohongshu has leapt to the top of the US
App Store downloads chart, even surpassing (超越) ByteDance’s heavily promoted Lemon 8 4 other
popular apps.
Many of these new users 5 (post) in English, sharing their daily lives, pets, meals, and dance
videos. Some are also learning Chinese to better navigate the app and connect with the local community.
Meanwhile, Chinese users are welcoming their new international friends, 6 (enjoy) the opportunity to
practice their English.
In response to the rapid rise in popularity, Xiaohongshu has been actively welcoming 7 (it) new
users and providing resources to help them navigate the app. The platform has also seen an increase in content
creation and engagement, as both American and Chinese users are excited 8 (explore) this new cultural
exchange.
This phenomenon highlights the global interconnection of social media and the power it has to bring people
together, despite political and cultural 9 (different). Up to now, Xiaohongshu has emerged as 10
unexpected beneficiary (受益者), welcoming a wave of new users from across the Atlantic.
【答案】
1.with 2.who/that 3.similar 4.and 5.are posting 6.enjoying 7.its 8.to
explore 9.differences 10.an
【导语】这是一篇说明文,主要讲述了美国对 TikTok 的禁令促使其大量用户转向小红书,小红书因此在
美国下载量激增,平台上中美用户互动频繁,促进了文化交流,凸显了社交媒体的全球互联作用。
1.考查 with 的复合结构。句意:随着美国对 TikTok 的禁令临近,截止日期设定为 2025 年 1 月 19
日,数百万美国用户可能会失去他们最喜欢的社交平台,他们开始转向一个新的目的地:中国社交媒体应
用小红书。本句为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 构成复合结构,在句中作状语。这里 “a deadline” 是
宾语,“set for January 19, 2025” 是过去分词短语作宾语补足语,表被动,故填with。
2.考查定语从句。句意:随着美国对 TikTok 的禁令临近,截止日期设定为 2025 年 1 月 19 日,数百
万美国用户可能会失去他们最喜欢的社交平台,他们开始转向一个新的目的地:中国社交媒体应用小红书。
先行词是“millions of American users”,且在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词 who 或 that 引导,故填
who/that。
3.考查形容词。句意:这些自称 “TikTok 难民” 的用户涌入小红书,寻求与他们在 TikTok 上所享受
的相似体验。“experience”是名词,需要用形容词来修饰,“similarity”的形容词形式 “similar”表示“相
似的”,故填similar。
4.考查连词。句意:结果,小红书跃居美国应用商店下载排行榜首位,甚至超过了字节跳动大力推广的
Lemon 8 和其他热门应用。“ByteDance’s heavily promoted Lemon”与“other popular apps”是并列关系,用
and 连接,故填and。
5.考查现在进行时。句意:许多这些新用户正在用英语发布内容,分享他们的日常生活、宠物、美食和
舞蹈视频。根据语境,这里描述的是现阶段正在发生的动作,用现在进行时 “be + 现在分词”,主语
“Many of these new users”是复数,be 动词用 are,post 的现在分词是 posting,故填are posting。
6.考查现在分词。句意:与此同时,中国用户欢迎他们的新国际朋友,享受着这个练习英语的机会。
“Chinese users”与“enjoy”是主动关系,“enjoying the opportunity to practice their English”作伴随状语,故
填enjoying。
7.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:为应对迅速增长的人气,小红书一直在积极欢迎它的新用户,并提供
资源帮助他们使用该应用程序。“new users”是名词,前面用形容词性物主代词修饰,“it”的形容词性物
主代词是 its,故填its。
8.考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:这个平台也见证了内容创作和用户参与度的增加,因为美国和中国用
户都对探索这种新的文化交流感到兴奋。“be excited to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为 “做某事感到兴奋”,
所以用 to explore 原因状语,故填to explore。
9.考查名词复数。句意:这种现象凸显了社交媒体的全球互联性,以及它将人们聚集在一起的力量,尽
管存在政治和文化差异。“political and cultural” 修饰名词,“different”的名词形式 “difference”是可数名
词,这里指多种政治和文化差异,用复数形式 differences 作宾语,故填differences。
10.考查不定冠词。句意:到目前为止,小红书已成为一个意想不到的受益者,迎来了来自大西洋彼岸的
一波新用户。“beneficiary”是可数名词单数,“unexpected”以元音音素开头,用不定冠词 an 表示 “一
个”,故填an。
Unit 5 Learning from nature
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.mound n.土堆,土丘
2.pine cone 松果,松球
3.mimic v.模仿
4.waterfront n.滨水地区
5.dioxide n.二氧化物
6.frontier n.知识/物理学等的前沿
7.radar n.雷达
8.swimsuit n.游泳衣
9.dragonfly n.蜻蜓
10.drone n.无人驾驶飞机
11.spider n.蜘蛛
12.superficially adv.表面(上)地
13.decent adj.可接受的,相当好的
14.deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地
15.domestic adj.驯养的;家养的
16.reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的
17.lane n.(乡间的)小路
18.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于
19.superb adj.极好的,出色的
20.pond n.池塘
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.architect n.建筑师→architecture n.建筑学,建筑设计
2.plumbing n.管道系统→plumber n.管子工,水暖工
3.convert v.使转变;使转换→conversion n.转变,转化
4.wisdom n.智慧→wise adj.有智慧的,高明的
5.employ v.使用,运用→employer n.老板,雇主→employee n.员工→employment n.雇用;工作;
就业
6.withdraw v.退出→withdrawal n.收回;撤退
7.depressive adj.抑郁的→depress v.使抑郁→depressed 沮丧的→depression n.抑郁症
8.depart v.离开→departure n.离开
9.purity n.纯洁;洁净→pure adj.纯洁的,纯净的→purify v.使纯净,净化
10.botanical adj.植物(学)的→botany n.植物
11.reject v.冷落,嫌弃,厌弃→rejection n.拒绝
12.ease n.舒适,悠闲→easy adj.容易的
13.fulfilment n.满足(感)→fulfil v.满足;实现
14.evaluate v.评估,评价→evaluation n.评估
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The Four Great Ancient Inventions are the symbol of the (wise) of ancient Chinese people.
【答案】wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意:中国古代四大发明是古代中国人民智慧的象征。空格前的定冠词the 后需接名
词,wise 为形容词,意为“明智的”,其名词形式wisdom 意为“智慧”作宾语,且为不可数名词。故填
wisdom。
2.The general has ordered a partial (withdraw) of troops from the area.
【答案】withdrawal
【详解】考查名词。句意:将军已下令从该地区部分撤军。分析句子可知,此空应填名词作宾语,
withdrawal,表“撤回”,为可数名词,且由空前a 可知,这里应用单数形式。故填withdrawal。
3.India currently allows its currency to be (convert) only on the trade or current account.
【答案】convertible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:印度目前只允许其货币在贸易或活期存款账户上进行兑换。空处用于be 动词
之后,应用形容词convertible 作表语,表示“可兑换的”。故填convertible。
4.Sienna had very (wise)left the party before all the trouble started.
【答案】wisely
【详解】考查副词。句意:西耶娜很明智地在所有麻烦开始之前就离开了聚会。此处修饰动词left,表示
“明智地”,用副词形式wisely,作状语。故填wisely。
5.Day after day I kept coming up with (solve), but none of them worked.
【答案】solutions
【详解】考查名词。句意:日复一日,我不断想出各种解决方案,但没有一个奏效。此处应用名词
solution 作宾语,前面无冠词,此处应用复数形式作宾语,故填solutions。
6.In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and (inspire).
【答案】inspiration
【详解】考查名词。句意:除了为知识而读书,我们读书还为了乐趣和灵感。空处和fun 并列,作for 的宾
语,需填名词inspiration“灵感”。故填inspiration。
7.The (pure) of the water sample was tested in the laboratory.
【答案】purity
【详解】考查名词。句意:水样的纯度在实验室进行了测试。空处作主语,应用名词形式purity“纯度”。
故填purity。
8.The studies of (botany) pesticides have important theoretical and practical significances.
【答案】botanical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:植物源农药的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。提示词修饰名词pesticides,
用形容词botanical 作定语,“植物学的,植物的”。故填botanical。
9.Their aim is to create something that has never been seen before and that people find
(interest).
【答案】interesting
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他们的目标是创造一些以前从未见过的东西,让人们觉得有趣。分析句子结
构可知,此处应为“find+宾语+宾补”结构,第二个that 引导的定语从句中的关系代词that 作find 的宾语,
所以此处应为形容词作宾补,interest 的形容词为interesting 意为“有趣的”符合句意。故填interesting。
10.Don’t take what he says (serious).He likes making fun of others.
【答案】seriously
【详解】考查副词。句意:不要认真对待他说的话,他喜欢取笑别人。分析句子结构,这个句子中需要填
入一个副词来修饰动词takes,因为serious 是形容词,所以需要将其变为副词形式,即seriously,故填
seriously。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·甘肃白银·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thousands of years ago, texts appeared on animal bones, bronzes, bamboo slips, and silk brocades ( 织锦)
before they were written 1 paper. But now these ancient Chinese texts have a “new container” in the
modern age. Recently, a research team from Nanjing Agricultural University has rolled 2 Xunzi, a large
language model (LLM) and Xunzi Chat in association with Gulian, a 3 (lead) ancient Chinese text
publisher. Wang Dongbo, the leader of the research team, said that the large language model 4 (name)
after Xunzi 5 Xunzi was not only an acknowledged Confucian philosopher during the late Warring States
Period (475-221BC), but also a pioneer in presenting and explaining theories of linguistics in ancient China. When
6 (ask) why he and his partners made the large language model, Wang explained that “traditional Chinese
characters, vertical layout (竖版), the 7 (absent) of pausing and punctuation (句读) are all obstacles that
readers have to overcome when they read traditional texts”. 8 (create) Xunzi the LLM, Wang and his
partners first needed to do a lot of research.
Since 2013, his team has worked 9 (tire) to digitize Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, or
the Complete Library in Four Sections. “The hard work involves a large-scale corpus ( 语料库) of two billion
Chinese characters, 10 has laid a solid foundation for the large language model,” said Wang.
【答案】
1.on 2.out 3.leading 4.was named 5.because 6.asked 7.absence 8.To
create 9.tirelessly 10.which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南京农业大学研究团队推出以荀子命名的大型语言模型及其
研发背景。
1.考查介词。句意:几千年前,文字出现在动物骨头、青铜器、竹简和丝绸织锦上,然后才写在纸上。
此处表示“在……上”,应用介词on。故填on。
2.考查固定短语。句意:近日,南京农业大学的一个研究团队与领先的古籍出版商古联合作,推出了大
型语言模型“荀子”和“荀子聊天”。roll out 为固定短语,表示“推出”。故填out。
3.考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰名词publisher,应用形容词leading“领先的”,作定语。故填
leading。
4.考查被动语态。句意:研究团队负责人王东波表示,这个大型语言模型以荀子命名,因为荀子不仅是
战国晚期(公元前 475-221 年)公认的儒家哲学家,也是中国古代语言学理论的提出和阐释的先驱。that
引导的宾语从句描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,且主语the large language model 与动词name“命名”
之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,be 动词用was。故填was named。
5.考查原因状语从句。句意同上。此处引导原因状语从句,表示“因为”,应用because。故填because。
6.考查状语从句中的省略。句意:当被问及他和他的合作伙伴为什么要制作这个大型语言模型时,王解
释说:“繁体字、竖版排版、没有句读,这些都是读者阅读传统文本时必须克服的障碍。”当状语从句的
主语与主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be 动词时,可省略从句的主语和be 动词。本句中,when 引导的时
间状语从句完整形式为when he was_____ (ask),he 与ask 为被动关系,本空用过去分词,与was 构成一般
过去时的被动语态。故填asked。
7.考查名词。句意同上。此处作主语,表示“没有”,应用名词absence。故填absence。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了创建荀子大型语言模型,王和他的合作伙伴首先需要做大量的研究。本
句谓语为needed,此处为非谓语动词,作目的状语,应用create“创建”的不定式,句首单词首字母要大写。
故填To create。
9.考查副词。句意:自2013 年以来,他的团队不知疲倦地工作,将《四库全书》等中国经典数字化。此
处修饰动词work,应用副词tirelessly“不知疲倦地”,作状语。故填tirelessly。
10.考查定语从句。句意:“这项艰苦的工作涉及20 亿汉字的大规模语料库,为大型语言模型奠定了坚
实的基础,”王说。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词corpus,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中
作主语,应用关系代词which 引导。故填which。
(2025·河南·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Morse code (摩斯密码) is named 1 Samuel F. B.Morse, a painter and founder of the National
Academy of Design. He, along with two other engineers, developed the telegraph and the code 2 use a
set of dots and dashes or short and long pulses to represent each letter of the English alphabet. The first working
telegraph was produced in 1836. This made 3 possible to send messages over any 4 (distant).
The first Morse code message 5 (send) from Washington to Baltimore in 1844.
Today experienced operators copy received text without the need to write as they receive. Morse code can be
sent 6 (use) sound or light, as sometimes happens between ships at sea. It can be used to send messages
in English 7 many other languages. For languages not 8 (write) with the Latin alphabet, other
versions of Morse code are used. The Chinese telegraph code is used to change Chinese 9 (character) into
four-digit (四位数) codes and then those digits are sent through standard Morse code. 10 (similar),
Korean Morse code uses the SKATS (Standard Korean Alphabet Transliteration System) to allow Korean to be
typed on Western typewriters.
【答案】
1.after/for 2.that/which 3.it 4.distance 5.was sent 6.using 7.and 8.
written 9.characters 10.Similarly
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了摩斯密码的相关情况,包括创始人塞缪尔,1836 年首台电报机问世,
1844 年首发电报,电报通过声或光发送,适用多种语言。
1.考查介词。句意:摩斯密码是以塞缪尔·F·B·莫尔斯的名字命名的,他是一位画家,也是国家设计学院
的创始人。短语be named after/for 表示“以……命名”。故填after/for。
2.考查定语从句。句意:他与另外两名工程师一起研发了电报系统以及相关编码,该编码通过一系列点、
划(即短脉冲和长脉冲)来表示英文字母表中的每个字母。定语从句修饰先行词code,在从句作主语,指
物,故填that/which。
3.考查it 用法。句意:这使得人们能够将信息传递到任何距离之外的地方。此处为make it adj. to do sth.,
it 作形式宾语,故填it。
4.考查名词。句意:这使得人们能够将信息传递到任何距离之外的地方。作介词的宾语,用名词
distance,不可数。故填distance。
5.考查时态语态。句意:1844 年,第一条摩斯密码信息从华盛顿传送到巴尔的摩。主语message 与谓语
构成被动关系,根据后文in 1844 可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填was sent。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:摩斯密码可以通过声音或光线来发送,这种情况有时会在海上航行的船只之
间发生。此处use 为现在分词作方式状语,表示“可以通过声音或光线来发送”,故填using。
7.考查连词。句意:它可用于用英语以及多种其他语言发送信息。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系,用
连词and。故填and。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:对于使用非拉丁字母书写的语言,会采用其他版本的摩斯密码。此处
languages 与write 构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填written。
9.考查名词的数。句意:中国的电报编码用于将汉字转换成四位数字代码,然后这些数字再通过标准的
摩斯密码进行传输。此处character 数量大于一用复数形式。故填characters。
10.考查副词。句意:同样,韩语摩斯密码采用了SKATS(标准韩语字母转写系统),以便能够在西方打
字机上输入韩语。修饰后文句子用副词similarly,首字母大写。故填Similarly。
Unit 6 Nature in words
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.flush v.(使)发红
2.plum n.李子;梅子
3.dispose v.排列,布置
4.sparkle n.闪耀,闪光
5.prospect n.开阔的景观,景色
6.glare n.刺眼的强光
7.flake n.小薄片
8.weathercock n.(公鸡形)风标
9.goose n.鹅
10.feather n.羽毛
11.bloom v.开花
12.bleak adj.阴冷的;阴郁的
13.fade v.逐渐消失;褪色
14.orchard n.果园
15.cluster n.串,丛,簇
16.pile v.堆放,摞起
17.tinge v.着淡色于……
18.wagon n.四轮运货车
19.reap v.收割(庄稼)
20.backyard n.后院
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.weekly adj.一周一次的,每周的→week n.星期,一周
2.inspector n.检查员,巡视员→inspect v.检查,巡视
3.insist v.坚称,坚决认为→insistence n.坚持
4.secrecy n.保密,秘密状态→secret adj.秘密的
5.shaving n.刮胡子→shave v.刮胡子
6.faintly adv.微弱地;模糊地→faint adj.微弱的;暗淡的
7.redden v.(使)变红→red adj.红色的
8.bend v.变弯曲→bent adj.弯曲的
9.innocent adj.天真无邪的→innocence n.天真无邪;无辜
10.charm n.魅力,魔力→charming adj.迷人的
11.gentle adj.轻柔的;温和的→gently adv.轻柔地;温和地
12.puzzled adj.困惑的,无法理解的→puzzle n.谜;不解之谜 v.迷惑;使困惑 →puzzling adj.令人迷
惑的
13.knowingly adv.故意地→know v.知道→knowledge n.知识
14.thorough adj.仔细的;缜密的→thoroughly adv.非常;彻底;完全;仔细地;缜密地
15.elegance n.优美;简洁→elegant adj.优美的,优雅的
16.passionate adj.具有强烈信念的→passion n.强烈情感;激情
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.After a thorough investigation, the man was proven (innocence) of all charges and released.
【答案】innocent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:经过彻底的调查,该男子被证实完全无罪,并被释放了。此处为“prove+宾
语+宾补”结构的被动形式,表示“无罪的”应用形容词innocent,作补足语。故填innocent。
2.The boy looked (puzzle) when he saw a big box in front of his door.
【答案】puzzled
【详解】考查形容词。句意:当男孩看到门前有一个大箱子时,他看起来很困惑。空处应填形容词作表语,
结合语境可知,此处表示“男孩感到困惑”,应用-ed 结尾的形容词puzzled,意为“感到困惑的”。故填
puzzled。
3.An increasing number of foreigners are (passion) about Chinese culture.
【答案】passionate
【详解】考查形容词。句意:越来越多的外国人对中国文化充满热情。空处作表语,应填形容词形式
passionate,be passionate about“对……充满热情”是固定搭配。故填passionate。
4.I (thorough) approve of what the government is doing.
【答案】thoroughly
【详解】考查副词。句意:我完全赞成政府正在做的事情。此处为副词作状语,用来修饰动词approve,
thorough 的副词形式是thoroughly,表示“完全地,彻底地”符合句意。故填thoroughly。
5.In order to be more (charm)and slimmer, girls tend to go on a diet.
【答案】charming
【详解】考查形容词。句意:为了变得更有魅力,更瘦,女孩们往往会节食。此处作表语,且修饰主语
girls,故应用形容词“charming 有魅力的”作表语,故填charming。
6.The (inspect) said that standards at the school had to be raised.
【答案】inspector
【详解】考查名词。句意:督察员表示,必须提高学校的标准。此处作主语,且指人,故应用名词
“inspector 监督员,督察员”,且空前有定冠词the,故特指“这位监督员”,故应用名词的单数形式,故
填inspector。
7.People should want to treat a cute thing with (gentle) and care.
【答案】gentleness
【详解】考查名词。句意:人们应该想要温柔细心地对待可爱的东西。空处与and 后的care 并列,应用
gentle 的名词gentleness,作介词with 的宾语。故填gentleness。
8.The flat consists of a (live) room, a bathroom and two bedrooms.
【答案】living
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这套公寓由一个客厅、一个浴室和两个卧室组成。本空修饰名词room,作前
置定语,应用形容词living“在使用中的,居住的,起居的”,living room 为固定短语,意为“客厅”。故
填living。
9.With food our biggest (week) household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different
family.
【答案】weekly
【详解】考查形容词。句意:由于食物是我们每周最大的家庭开支,Susanna 和Matt 和一个不同的家庭度
过一段时间。设空处和“household”一起修饰名词“expense”,应填“week”的形容词形式weekly。故填
weekly。
10.Rachel couldn’t help admiring the (elegant) of the china figures and vases.
【答案】elegance
【详解】考查名词。句意:雷切尔不禁对瓷器人偶和花瓶的优雅赞叹不已。空处需填名词elegance,作宾
语,表抽象概念,不可数。故填elegance。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·山东淄博·三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At the National Center for Preservation and Conservation ET Ancient Books, a group of dedicated women
diligently restore ancient books. 1 medical specialists treating patients, they work to extend the lives of
the old volumes.
Their task begins with 2 professionals call “book bricks”, a term used for ancient books that 3
(harden) into solid blocks over decades of improper storage. Some books are so damp that the pages stick together
completely. Even the initial step can take 4 entire day, and the slightest mistake risks a tear.
“Even after years of working in ancient book restoration, I dare not be careless,” said Wu Eiffel, the leader of
the ancient book restoration group. Details such as the amount of water used 5 (smooth) pages and the
paper’s shrinkage rate all need to be considered, with restoration plans 6 (adjust) along the way to ensure
the ancient books receive the most appropriate treatment, she said.
She also focuses on the 7 (apply) of new technologies in ancient book restoration. For example, an
AI restoration system scans damaged areas, 8 (identify) issues like insect holes, while 9
(automatic) generating restoration plans and predicting how the paper will age over time.
With technology’s advancement, what was once a purely traditional craft now stands as a scientific practice,
and these conservators 10 (be) the guardians of the dialogue between past and future generations.
【答案】
1.Like 2.what 3.have hardened 4.an 5.to smooth 6.adjusted 7.application
8.identifying 9.automatically 10.are
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了国家古籍保护中心一群女性古籍修复师的工作内容、挑战及新技
术在古籍修复中的应用。
1.考查介词。句意:像医学专家治疗病人一样,他们努力延长古籍的寿命。结合句意,此处将修复古籍
比作“专家治疗病人”,所以此处表示“像……一样”,用介词like,首字母大写。故填Like。
2.考查宾语从句。句意:她们的任务始于专业人士所称的“书砖”,这个术语指因数十年不当存放而硬
化成固体块的古籍。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句,该空在从句中作call 的宾语,指物,用连接代词
what。故填what。
3.考查动词时态。句意:同上。此处为定语从句的谓语动词,根据时间状语“over decades”可知,动作从
过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时,从句主语指代先行词books 为复数。故填have hardened。
4.考查冠词。句意:即使是最初的步骤也可能需要一整天,微小的错误都有撕裂的风险。day 为可数名词
单数,此处泛指“一整天”,entire 以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故填an。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:她说,需要考虑平滑页面所用的水量和纸张的收缩率等细节,并在此过程中
调整修复计划,以确保古书得到最适当的处理。根据“be used to do sth.”意为“被用来做某事”可知,此
处用不定式形式。故填to smooth。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。此处为“with +宾语+宾补”结构,plans 与adjust 为逻辑被动关系,用
过去分词作宾语补足语。故填adjusted。
7.考查名词。句意:她还关注新技术在古籍修复中的应用。空前有定冠词the,此处用名词作宾语,apply
的名词为application 意为“应用”,表抽象概念,为不可数名词。故填application。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,人工智能修复系统扫描受损区域,识别虫洞等问题,同时自动生成修
复计划并预测纸张随时间的老化情况。此处为非谓语动词作状语,identify 与逻辑主语system 之间为主动
关系,用现在分词形式。故填identifying。
9.考查副词。句意:同上。修饰动词generating 用副词作状语,automatic 的副词为automatically,表“自
动地”符合语境。故填automatically。
10.考查动词时态。句意:随着技术的进步,曾经纯粹的传统工艺现在已成为科学实践,这些保护者是过
去与子孙后代对话的守护者。此处为谓语动词,根据并列句的谓语动词stands 以及句意,此处陈述客观事
实,应使用一般现在时,主语conservators 为复数,所以be 动词为are。故填are。
(2025·广西北海·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Legend of the White Snake is one of China’s most interesting stories. Its earliest written version appeared
in the Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, 1 collection of stories compiled during the Song Dynasty. Li
Huang, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, meets a beautiful woman 2 (dress) in white and, after spending
three happy days with her, falls ill and dies unexpectedly. His family later discovers the woman is actually a white
snake.
In the Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong gave the legend a different version, 3 the white snake tricks
a poor clerk Xu Xuan by giving him stolen money and arranging 4 (they) marriage. Xu’s troubles grow
when the stolen money leads to lawsuits. 5 (escape) to his sister’s home, Xu is pursued by the white
snake, who threatens 6 (destroy) the community if he abandons her. Xu doesn’t know what to do and the
monk Fahai reaches out 7 him. Fahai catches the white snake and locks her in the Leifeng Pagoda.
In the Qing Dynasty, scholar Fang Chengpei combined earlier versions into a new drama, The Leifeng
Pagoda, which describes the white snake as a woman who saves her husband Xu Xuan by fighting Fahai and is
thought to be 8 (courage). Xu Xuan, however, still comes across as coward and self-serving.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the story 9 (reshape). Xu Xuan, now named Xu
Xian, became a kinder character while Fahai evolved into a bad person. In the 1950s, playwright Tian Han’s
version shows Xu Xian growing into a devoted partner inspired by Lady White Snake’s 10 (brave) and
sincerity.
【答案】
1.a 2.dressed 3.where 4.their 5.Escaping 6.to destroy 7.to 8.
courageous 9.was reshaped 10.bravery
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《白蛇传》故事在不同朝代的演变。
1.考查冠词。句意:其最早的书面版本出现在《太平广记》中,这是一部宋代编纂的故事集。此处泛指
“一部故事集”,应用不定冠词修饰,collection 为辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:唐代学者李黄遇到了一位身穿白衣的美丽女子,与她共度了三天快乐的时光
后,突然病倒去世。本句谓语为meets,此处为非谓语动词,且逻辑主语a beautiful woman 与dress“给(某
人)穿衣服”为被动关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填dressed。
3.考查定语从句。句意:在明代,冯梦龙给这个传说赋予了不同的版本,在这个版本中,白蛇通过给穷
书生许宣偷来的钱并安排他们的婚姻来欺骗他。本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是a different
version,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
4.考查代词。句意同上。本空修饰名词marriage,用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:许逃到他姐姐家,白蛇追了上来,并威胁说如果他抛弃她,就毁掉整个村庄。
本句谓语为is pursued,此处为非谓语动词,且Xu 与escape“逃跑”为主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语,
句首单词,首字母大写。故填Escaping。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。threaten to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“威胁做某事”,所以用动词
destroy“破坏”的不定式to destroy。故填to destroy。
7.考查介词。句意:许仙不知道该怎么办,和尚法海向他伸出了援手。reach out to sb.“向某人伸出援手”,
是固定短语。故填to。
8.考查形容词。句意:学者方成培将早期版本结合成一部新剧《雷峰塔》,该剧将白蛇描述为一位通过
与法海搏斗来拯救丈夫许仙的女性,被认为是有勇气的。本空作表语,用形容词courageous“有勇气的”。
故填courageous。
9.考查动词语态。句意:在19 世纪末20 世纪初,这个故事被重塑了。本空作谓语,根据时间状语During
the late 19th and early 20th centuries 可知,句子描述过去的动作,时态用一般过去时,主语the story 和
reshape“重塑”之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,be 动词用was。故填
was reshaped。
10.考查名词。句意:20 世纪50 年代,剧作家田汉的版本显示,许仙受到白娘子的勇敢和真诚的启发,
成长为一个忠诚的伴侣。本空和sincerity 并列,作介词by 的宾语,用名词bravery“勇敢”。故填bravery。
考点二 选修四核心知识
Unit 1 Looking forwards
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.boyhood n.(男性的)童年时期,少年时代
2.bullfighting n.斗牛
3.ultimately adv.最后,最终
4.backwards adv.往后面,往回
5.diverge v.(两条路)岔开,分开
6.undergrowth n.(长在大树下或周边的)下木层,下层灌木丛
7.numerous adj.许多的,很多的
8.dilemma n.进退两难的境地,困境
9.complex adj.复杂的
10.commercial n.(电视或电台的)商业广告
11.symbolize v.象征,代表
12.alternative n.可供选择的事物
13.arise v.(由……)引起
14.circumstance n.情况,情形
15.yours sincerely 谨上,敬上,谨启(用于以某人名字开头的正式信件的末尾)
16.shift n.(工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.ambition n.雄心;野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的;有野心的
2.trainee n.接受工作培训的人;实习生→trainer n.运动鞋;教练员→train v.培训;训练→training
n.培训
3.historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n.历史→historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的
4.detective n.私家侦探→detect v.发现;查明
5.dot n.点,小圆点→dotted adj.有斑点的;星罗棋布的
6.admission n.录取;允许加入(进入)→admit v.承认;准许进入
7.participation n.参加,参与→participate v.参加→participant n.参与者
8.thoughtful adj.认真思考的,深思的→thought n.思想;想法
9.mixture n.混合;混合体→mix v.混合
10.affection n.喜爱;爱;感情→affect v.影响;侵袭
11.qualification n.资格;资历→qualify vt.使有资格→qualified adj.有资格的
12.fluency n.熟练,流利→fluent adj.流利的
13.sincerely adv.由衷地,真诚地,真心实意地→sincere adj.真诚的
14.refreshments n.茶点,点心和饮料→refresh v.使恢复精力;使凉爽
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The boy has been recommended for (admit) to study Computer at his dream university.
【答案】admission
【详解】考查名词。句意:这个男孩已被推荐进入他梦想中的大学学习计算机专业。根据空格前的介词for
可知,空格处应该用名词admission 作宾语。故填admission。
2.Recently, two railway workers, known for their lightning-fast typing and (fluent) in English, have
impressed the public.
【答案】fluency
【详解】考查名词。句意:最近,两名以打字速度极快和英语流利而闻名的铁路工人给公众留下了深刻印
象。“and”连接两个并列的成分,“typing”是名词,所以“fluent”也需要变成名词形式fluency,表示“流
利;流畅”,在句中作宾语。故填fluency。
3.On hearing of the news, we were overcome with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
【答案】mixture
【详解】考查名词。句意:一听到这个消息,我们被惊喜和恐惧交织的情绪所淹没。设空处前有a 修饰,
应用名词单数形式作宾语,mix 的名词是mixture。故填mixture。
4.Festivals are becoming more and more (commerce) with businesses taking advantage of the
celebration.
【答案】commercial/commercialized
【详解】考查形容词。句意:随着商家利用节日进行营销,节日变得越来越商业化。此处为形容词作表语,
commerce 的形容词形式为commercial 意为“商业的”或commercialized 意为“商业化的”,表示节日逐渐
具有商业性质或被商业化,均符合句意。故填commercial/commercialized。
5.To be a (qualification) leader, you need to listen to your team’s ideas and make fair decisions.
【答案】qualified
【详解】考查形容词。句意:要成为一名合格的领导者,你需要倾听团队的想法并做出公平的决策。此处
应用形容词修饰名词 leader,qualification 的形容词形式是qualified,意为“合格的,能胜任的”。故填
qualified。
6.This article is most probably taken from a (history) document.
【答案】historical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这篇文章很可能摘自一份历史文献。空处修饰名词document,应填形容词作
定语,表示“有关历史的”,使用形容词historical,故填historical。
7.A variety of studies has linked active (participate) in music with better performance in school.
【答案】participation
【详解】考查名词。句意:各种各样的研究都将积极参与音乐活动与在学校取得更好的成绩联系起来。提
示词作宾语,用名词participation,意为“参与”,不可数名词。故填participation。
8.In the past ten years, the field has given us high-quality and stable produce regardless of climatic
(circumstance).
【答案】circumstances
【详解】考查名词。句意:在过去的十年里,无论气候条件如何,这片田地都为我们提供了高质量和稳定
的产品。circumstanc 在表示“环境、状况”时常用复数形式circumstances。作宾语。故填circumstances。
9.A poor diet and lack of exercise will (ultimate) lead to illness.
【答案】ultimately
【详解】考查副词。句意:不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼最终会导致疾病。空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词形
式作状语,故填ultimately。
10.To finish the project, some energetic and (ambition) people were sent there.
【答案】ambitious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:为了完成这个项目,一些精力充沛、雄心勃勃的人被派往那里。设空处和
energetic 并列修饰名词people 作定语,应用形容词,表示“雄心勃勃的”,故填ambitious。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(24-25 高三下·江西宜春·阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
The company 1 Larry Belmont worked had begun experimenting with a household robot named
Tony. It was going to 2 (test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire. The first time Claire saw Tony, she felt alarmed
as he looked more like a human 3 a machine. When Tony offered to help her dress, Claire was
embarrassed. Gradually, Claire began to admire his 4 (wise) and integrity.
Tony helped Claire make herself more beautiful 5 her home more elegant. Besides, he changed a
saleswoman’s attitude 6 Claire. One day, she accidentally fell off the ladder when Claire worked on a
light 7 (suspend) from the ceiling. Even though Tony had been in the next room, he managed to catch her
in time. As he held her, she felt 8 warmth of his body.
On the night of the party, before the guests came, Claire dismissed Tony. At that moment, Tony took her in
his arms, bringing his face close to 9 (her). She heard him declare he did not want to leave her, and
10 he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang.
【答案】
1.where 2.be tested 3.than 4.wisdom 5.and 6.towards/to 7.suspended
8.the 9.hers 10.that
【导语】本文节选自科幻小说《机器人托尼》。主要讲述了一款名为Tony 的家庭机器人如何逐渐融入人
类生活,并与主人Claire 之间产生情感互动的故事。
1.考查定语从句。句意:Larry Belmont 工作的公司已经开始试验一种名为Tony 的家用机器人。此处为定
语从句,先行词为The company,先行词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
2.考查语态。句意:它将由Larry 的妻子Claire 进行测试。主语It(指机器人托尼)与test out 之间为被动
关系,且空前有was going to,因此用不定式的被动语态。故填be tested。
3.考查固定短语。句意:Claire 第一次见到托尼时感到惊恐,因为他看起来更像人类而不是机器。
more...than...为固定结构,意为“与其说……不如说……”,强调前者(human)而非后者(machine)。故
填than。
4.考查名词。句意:渐渐地,Claire 开始欣赏他的智慧和正直。形容词性物主代词his 后需接名词,因此
用不可数名词wisdom,与integrity 并列作宾语。故填wisdom。
5.考查连词。句意:Tony 帮助Claire 让自己更漂亮,让她的家更优雅。make herself more beautiful 与her
home more elegant 为并列结构,均作helped 的宾语补足语,应用连词and 连接。故填and。
6.考查介词。句意:此外,他改变了女售货员对Claire 的态度。attitude towards/to...为固定搭配,意为
“对…… 的态度”,表示对象关系。故填towards/to。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:有一天,Claire 在修理悬挂在天花板上的灯时,不小心从梯子上摔了下来。句
中已有谓语动词worked on,因此suspend 应用非谓语动词形式,因其与light 之间为被动关系,即“灯被悬
挂”,故用过去分词作后置定语。故填suspended。
8.考查冠词。句意:当他抱着她时,她感觉到了他身体的温暖。warmth 后有of his body 作定语,表特指,
因此用定冠词the。故填the。
9.考查代词。句意:就在那一刻,Tony 把她抱在怀里,把脸凑近她的脸。此处作介词to 的宾语,指
Claire 的脸,应用名词性物主代词hers。故填hers。
10.考查宾语从句。句意:她听到他宣称不想离开她,并且他的感觉不仅仅是想取悦她。declare 后接两个
并列的宾语从句,第一个从句引导词that 可省略,但第二个从句引导词that 不可省略,以避免歧义。故填
that。
(24-25 高三上·黑龙江佳木斯·开学考试)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
The energy that so many outsiders feel when they are in China comes not just from the hurrying footsteps
that can 1 (see) everywhere. It also comes from a sense that it is used for something bigger.
A few years ago, I interviewed Zhang Xin, a young man from a 2 (deep) poor agricultural
province in central China. His parents were wheat 3 (farmer) and lived in a tiny one-room house next to
the fields. He 4 (graduate) from Tsinghua University and got a job as a soft-ware engineer at Huawei.
His success, Zhang told me one day, had changed his family forever, 5 (keep) his families away from
hard labor forever. No this parents. Not his children. That kind of life was over.
Multiply that young man’s story by millions, 6 you will get a sense that this once very backward
society has become 7 forward-looking country. A smart American who lived in China for years put it this
way: “China is making a great effort to become 8 it has not yet become. It is upwardly mobile, proudly
so.”
Proudly so, because as Zhang understood, hard work today means a much 9 (good) life decades
from now for 10 (he) later generations and the country.
【答案】
1.be seen 2.deeply 3.farmers 4.graduated 5.keeping 6.and 7.a 8.what
9.better 10.his
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是作者采访一位出身贫苦、清华大学毕业的张鑫,说明了知识
能够改变命运,改变家庭。
1.考查动词语态。句意:许多外国人在中国感受到的活力不仅仅来自随处可见的匆匆脚步。That 引导的
定语从句修饰先行词footsteps,定语从句的主语与动词see 之间为被动关系,所以使用被动语态,空前有
情态动词can。故填be seen。
2.考查副词。句意:几年前,我采访了来自中国中部一个极度贫困的农业省份的年轻人张鑫。此处修饰
形容词poor 作状语,使用副词形式,deep 的副词deeply 意为“非常”符合句意。故填deeply。
3.考查名词复数。句意:他的父母是种小麦的农民,住在田边一间只有一个房间的小房子里。此处为名
词作表语,根据空前的his parents 和were 可知,此处应使用名词复数。故填farmers。
4.考查动词时态。句意:他毕业于清华大学,在华为找到了一份软件工程师的工作。此处为谓语动词,
根据语境和并列句的谓语动词got 可知,此处使用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情,此处使用动词的过
去式。故填graduated。
5.考查现在分词。句意:一天,张告诉我,他的成功永远地改变了他的家庭,让他的家人永远远离了艰
苦的劳动。此处为非谓语动词作状语,keep 与主语his success 之间为主动关系,所以使用现在分词形式作
状语。故填keeping。
6.考查连词。句意:把这个年轻人的故事放大数百万倍,你会觉得这个曾经很落后的国家,已经变成一
个非常有远见的国家。此处为固定句型“祈使句+and+陈述句”,所以此处使用并列连词and。故填and。
7.考查冠词。句意:把这个年轻人的故事放大数百万倍,你会觉得这个曾经很落后的国家,已经变成一
个非常有远见的国家。结合句意,此处泛指一个国家,使用不定冠词,且forward-looking 的首个音素为辅
音音素,所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。
8.考查表语从句。句意:中国正在努力成为它尚未成为的样子。此处为连接词引导的表语从句,从句中
缺少become 的表语,结合句意,此处表示“……的样子”应为连接代词what。故填what。
9.考查形容词比较级。句意: 这值得自豪,因为正如张所理解的,今天的努力工作意味着几十年后他的
后代和国家的更好生活。结合句意以及空前的much 可知,此处应为形容词的比较级作定语修饰life。故填
better。
10.考查代词。句意:这值得自豪,因为正如张所理解的,今天的努力工作意味着几十年后他的后代和国
家的更好生活。空处为定语修饰后面的名词later generations,所以使用形容词性物主代词。故填his。
Unit 2 Lessons in life
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.anticipate v.预期,预料
2.outstretched adj.张开的,伸开的
3.cram v.挤满
4.transparent adj.透明的
5.vexed adj.恼火的
6.absurd adj.荒唐的,愚蠢的
7.lean v.倚,靠
8.Madame n.夫人,太太,女士
9.stroke v.轻抚,抚摸
10.despair n.绝望
11.luxury n.奢华,奢侈
12.widespread adj.广泛流传的
13.phrase n.成语,习语;警句
14.fee n.工作酬金;服务费
15.university fees 大学学费
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.weaken v.(使)虚弱→weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n.弱点
2.pessimistic adj.悲观的,悲观主义的→pessimism n.悲观主义→pessimist n.悲观主义者
3.possession n.财物,财产→possess v.拥有;支配
4.abnormal adj.不正常的,反常的→normal adj.正常的
5.recognition n.认出;认可;承认→recognize vt.认出;承认
6.cooperate v.合作→cooperation n.合作;协作
7.pure adj.纯的,纯净的,洁净的→purely adv.完全地;纯粹地→purify v.净化;使纯净→purity n.纯
洁
8.instinctively adv.本能地→instinctive adj.本能的;天性的→instinct n.本能;直觉
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Here I will stress some more creative examples of climate (adapt).
【答案】adaptation
【详解】考查名词。句意:在此,我将着重介绍一些更具创造性的气候适应例子。此处为名词作宾语,
adapt 的名词为adaptation 作of 的宾语。故填adaptation。
2.Both of them have the (quality) and virtues that are tipical of chinese actors.
【答案】qualities
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们两人都具有中国演员典型的品质和美德。根据后文and virtues 可知,设空
处需填名词复数形式qualities,与virtues 并列作have 的宾语。故填qualities。
3.After his business failed, he had to sell his (possess) to pay for the debts.
【答案】possessions
【详解】考查名词。句意:在他的生意失败后,他不得不卖掉自己的财产来偿还债务。空处作宾语,需用
名词possession,表示“财产”,常用复数形式。故填possessions。
4.Our city has changed so much that it is now beyond (recognise).
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的城市发生了巨大的变化,现在已经变得认不出来了。本空作介词beyond
的宾语,应用名词recognition“认出”。故填recognition。
5.They can warn you early on if there is something (normal) or if you have a critical illness,
such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
【答案】 abnormal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果出现异常或患有癌症等严重疾病,他们可以提前警告你,并可能挽救你
的生命。根据前后文句意可知,此处应用形容词normal 的反义词abnormal 意为“不正常的,异常的”作
后置定语修饰不定代词something。故填abnormal。
6.With university (fee) set to rise, it looks like they will stay that way!
【答案】fees
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:随着大学学费的上涨,看起来他们将继续保持这种状态!空处作with 复合
结构中的宾语,空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语,可数名词fee“费用”应用复数形式。故填fees。
7.Ultimately, they made a (cooperate) attempt to overcome the difficulty.
【答案】cooperative
【详解】考查形容词。句意:最后,他们合作尝试克服困难。修饰名词attempt,用形容词cooperative 作定
语,故填cooperative。
8.Here is your opportunity to acquire a (luxury) one bedroom home.
【答案】luxurious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这是你获得一个豪华的一居室的机会。设空处作定语修饰名词home,应用
形容词luxurious“豪华的”,故填luxurious。
9.The teacher said this maths problem was no (complex) than that one.
【答案】more complex
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:老师说这道数学题并不比那道复杂。根据空格前的系动词was 和空格
后的than 可知,空格处应填形容词比较级作表语。故填more complex。
10.As a reward for his (brave), the soldier was given a gold medal.
【答案】bravery
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为对他勇敢行为的奖励,这位士兵获得了一枚金牌。his 后跟名词,brave 的
名词是bravery,是不可数名词,意为“勇敢”。故填bravery。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·湖北·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Psychologist Zong Min, while pursuing her PhD at Beijing Normal University, led a three-year program to
help students who didn’t want to go to school, an issue increasingly troubling parents. The phenomenon 1
(intensify) during the pandemic due to online learning, and Zong realized the situation was worse than initially 2
(estimate).
Referencing a survey conducted in Guangzhou, she noted that 24.6% of junior high school students and
37.6% of senior high school students exhibited 3 (refuse) to attend school. One 4 (memory)
case involved a 13-year-old boy who excelled 5 (academic) in primary school but began avoiding classes
in junior high.
Drawing on research and personal experience, Zong developed the idea of a program called Xin Niu Dai to
bridge schools, parents, and students, assist them to collectively find solutions to alleviate academic pressure, 6
help children regain their passion for life. Pointing to the rise in reluctance to go to school, Zong emphasized that
the underlying 7 (cause) have grown more complex today, and parents must face the reality 8
not wanting to go to school is a global challenge, 9 hospitals increasingly establishing specialized clinics
for those exhibiting this behavior.
Zong envisions her program 10 (consist) of three sections: helping students discover their
resilience, inspiring teachers to recognize a student’s potential rather than criticizing them, and empowering parents
to better protect their child’s mental health. Plans include educational leaflets and an AI app for emotional support.
【答案】
1.intensified 2.estimated 3.refusal 4.memorable 5.academically 6.and 7.
causes 8.that 9.with 10.consisting
【导语】这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了北京师范大学心理学家宗敏领导的一个项目,该项目旨在帮助
那些难以上学的学生。
1.考查一般过去时。句意:疫情期间,由于在线学习,这种现象加剧,宗意识到情况比最初估计的要糟
糕。根据时间状语“during the pandemic”可知此处描述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时,故填
intensified。
2.考查固定短语。句意:同上。…than estimated“比预估的要更……”,固定短语,故填estimated。
3.考查名词。句意:她引用了在广州进行的一项调查,指出24.6%的初中生和37.6%的高中生表现出拒绝
上学的行为。空处应填名词作宾语,refusal“拒绝”,不可数名词,故填refusal。
4.考查形容词。句意:一个令人难忘的案例涉及一个13 岁的男孩,他在小学学习成绩优异,但在初中开
始逃课。空处修饰名词case,应填形容词作定语,故填memorable。
5.考查副词。句意:同上。空处修饰动词excelled,应填副词作状语,故填academically。
6.考查连词。句意:根据研究和个人经历,Zong 提出了一个名为“Xin Niu Dai”的项目的想法,旨在弥合
学校、家长和学生之间的桥梁,帮助他们共同寻找缓解学业压力的解决方案,帮助孩子们重拾对生活的热
情。bridge、assist 和help 是并列的关系,使用and 连接,故填and。
7.考查名词复数。句意:针对不愿上学现象的增加,宗强调,潜在的原因在今天变得更加复杂,家长必
须面对这样一个现实,即不愿上学是一个全球性的挑战,越来越多的医院为有这种行为的人建立了专门的
诊所。空处是宾语从句的主语,结合空后的have 可知应用名词复数作主语,故填causes。
8.考查同位语从句。句意:同上。空处引导同位语从句,解释说明reality 的内容,从句结构、意义完整,
应用that 引导,故填that。
9.考查介词。句意:同上。此处是with 的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”作状语,故填with。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:宗设想她的项目由三个部分组成:帮助学生发现他们的韧性,激励老师认识
学生的潜力而不是批评他们,以及让父母更好地保护孩子的心理健康。envision sb/sth doing sth“设想某
人/某物做某事”,故填consisting。
(2025·湖南长沙·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Four hundred colleges and universities in China 1 (launch) lifelong learning projects as part of a
national effort 2 (develop) a society that cherishes learning, according to an event that opened Thursday
in Nanchang, capital of East China’s Jiangxi province.
Around 700 projects, 3 (offer) both online and offline, have been introduced, spanning areas such
as digital technology development, AI application 4 rural revitalization. These courses are tailored to
serve a wide range of learners, including migrant workers, rural teachers and senior citizens.
At this event aimed at promoting lifelong learning, Wang Ming, vice-president of Beijing Normal University,
highlighted that lifelong learning is essential 5 building an educational powerhouse. “Universities, as key
hubs for talent cultivation, scientific research, social services, cultural 6 (innovate) and international
exchange, play a vital role in building a learning society,” he said.
The push for a lifelong learning culture in China echoes the goals set at the 20th National Congress of the
Communist Party of China, 7 called for the building of a society and country of learning in which lifelong
learning is pursued by all.
In late December 2024, an online education platform dedicated to promoting lifelong learning accessibility
was 8 (official) launched and made available to the public. This platform debuted with an initial offering
of 1,000 courses, which 9 (divide) into six categories — 10 (science) literacy, workplace skills,
cultural literacy, hobbies and interests, continuing education and silver-age education.
According to Wu Yan, deputy minister of the Ministry of Education, China will build a lifelong learning
service system that operates around the clock and reaches all regions, thus ensuring that everyone has the
opportunity to keep learning.
【答案】
1.have launched 2.to develop 3.offered 4.and 5.for 6.innovation 7.which
8.officially 9.were divided 10.scientific
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道,本文围绕中国推进终身学习型社会建设展开,重点报道高校启动的终身学习
项目、课程体系特点及数字化平台发展。文章通过教育专家观点阐明终身学习对教育强国战略的意义,呼
应二十大政策精神,并展望覆盖全民的终身教育服务体系。
1.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:周四在中国东部江西省省会南昌举行的一场活动显示,中国400 所高校
启动了终身学习项目,这是国家努力建设一个珍惜学习的社会的一部分。“Four hundred colleges and
universities”是复数主语,根据语境“已经推出”,强调过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时,主语是
复数,助动词用have。故填have launched。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。“effort”后用动词不定式作后置定语,即“为了发展一个崇尚学习的社会
所做的全国性努力”,故填to develop。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:大约有700 个项目,包括线上和线下,涵盖了数字技术发展、人工智能应用
和乡村振兴等领域。“projects”与“offer”之间是被动关系,意为“被提供的项目”,用过去分词作后置定
语,故填offered。
4.考查连词。句意同上。“digital technology development, AI application”与“rural revitalization”是并列关
系,用and 连接,故填and。
5.考查介词。句意:在这场旨在促进终身学习的活动中,北京师范大学副校长汪明强调,终身学习对于
建设教育强国至关重要。“be essential for...”是固定搭配,意为“对……是必不可少的”,故填for。
6.考查名词。句意:“大学作为人才培养、科学研究、社会服务、文化创新和国际交流的重要枢纽,在
建设学习型社会中发挥着至关重要的作用。”他说。空处作宾语,“innovation”是“innovate”的名词形式,
意为“文化创新”,故填innovation。
7.考查定语从句。句意:在中国,推动终身学习文化与中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会提出的目标相
呼应,即建设全民终身学习的学习型社会和学习型国家。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰“the 20th
National Congress of the Communist Party of China”,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which,故填
which。
8.考查副词。句意:2024 年12 月下旬,致力于终身学习无障碍的在线教育平台正式上线并向公众开放。
“launched”是动词,需用副词修饰,“official”的副词形式是officially,意为“正式地”,故填officially。
9.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:该平台首次推出,最初提供1000 门课程,分为六大类:科学素养、
职场技能、文化素养、兴趣爱好、继续教育和老年教育。“courses”与“divide”是被动关系,且根据上下
文可知是一般过去时,其被动结构为“was/were +过去分词”,主语“1,000 courses”是复数,故填were
divided。
10.考查形容词。句意同上。“literacy”是名词,用形容词修饰,“science”的形容词形式是
scientific,“scientific literacy”意为“科学素养”,故填scientific。
Unit 3 The world meets China
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.gateway n.通向……的门户
2.oasis n.(沙漠中的)绿洲
3.boast v.(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物)
4.grotto n.小洞穴
5.testimony n.证据;证明
6.mural n.壁画
7.Apsaras n.飞天
8.immortal n.神
9.Taoist priest 道士
10.scroll n.纸卷;卷轴
11.ceramics n.陶瓷制品
12.crossroads n.活动中心,汇集地
13.expo n.展览会,博览会
14.I Ching 《易经》
15.The Analects 《论语》
16.Sinologist n.汉学家
17.shepherd n.牧羊人
18.chamber n.房间
19.statue n.雕像;塑像
20.peak n.高峰,顶点
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.glorious adj.辉煌的→glory n.光荣
2.religious adj.宗教的→religion n.宗教
3.heavenly adj.天国的→heaven n.天堂;天国
4.strengthen v.(使)变强;加强→strength n.力量;力气→strong adj.强壮的
5.coverage n.覆盖范围→cover v.遮盖;包含;报道;支付→covering n.覆盖物
6.scholar n.学者→scholarship n.奖学金;学问
7.institute n.学院;研究院→institution n.机构;习俗;制度
8.historian n.历史学家→history n.历史
9.prior adj.先前的;较早的→priority n.优先考虑的事
10.romance n.传奇故事→romantic adj.浪漫的→romanticism n.浪漫主义
11.stratagem n.计谋,策略→strategy n.战略;策略→strategic adj.战略上的;策略的
12.enormous adj.巨大的,庞大的→enormously adv.巨大地;庞大地
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. (statue) were made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang!
【答案】Statues
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:这些雕像是在公元前三世纪建造的,用来保护秦始皇的坟墓!由were 可知
应填名词复数作主语,首字母应大写,故填Statues。
2.The children who did best were those whose parents both were (stimulate) and supportive.
【答案】stimulating
【详解】考查形容词。句意:表现最好的孩子是那些父母既给予激励又给予支持的孩子。根据空后的and
supportive 可知,此处需用形容词与supportive 并列,共同作表语。stimulate 为动词,意为“激励”,其形
容词形式stimulating 意为“激励人心的”,此处修饰parents,指“能激励人的父母”。故填stimulating。
3.I have never joined in such clubs, so I have no (prior).
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意:我从未加入过这样的俱乐部,所以我没有优先权。设空处使用prior 的名词
priority 作have 的宾语。故填priority。
4.The Blue Moon Restaurant is the best in our town and customers are pleased with the (serve).
【答案】service
【详解】考查名词。句意:蓝月亮餐厅是我们镇上最好的餐厅,顾客对其服务很满意。the 后需接名词,
serve 是动词,意为“服务”,其名词形式service 表示“服务”,在句中作with 的宾语。故填service。
5.People have lived together in peace for centuries in this country, because they respect each other’s
(religion) belief.
【答案】religious
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在这个国家,人们已经和睦相处了数百年之久,这是因为他们彼此尊重对方
的宗教信仰。修饰名词belief,用形容词religious。故填religious。
6.China plans to expand forest (cover) to 24.1 percent of China’s total land area over the next five
years.
【答案】coverage
【详解】考查名词。句意:中国计划在未来五年将森林覆盖率提高到国土总面积的 24.1%。本空作expand
的宾语,应用名词形式,cover 的名词形式是coverage,表示“覆盖范围,覆盖率”。故填coverage。
7.Almost everyone has his own (strength) and weaknesses and it is where others are weak that maybe
you have a great advantage.
【答案】strengths
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:几乎每个人都有自己的优点和缺点,而别人的弱点可能就是你的巨大优势
所在。本空作has 的宾语,与weaknesses 并列,应用名词strength“优点”的复数形式strengths,表示不止
一个优点。故填strengths。
8.All those who love peace are (strong) against arms race.
【答案】strongly
【详解】考查副词。句意:一切爱好和平的人都强烈反对军备竞赛。空处修饰介词短语against arms race,
应用副词形式,故填strongly。
9.You will be asked to fill in a form with (detail) of your birth and occupation.
【答案】details
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:你将被要求填写一张表格,详细说明你的出生和职业。由于“出生和职
业”通常包含多个具体细节(如出生日期、地点、职业名称等),因此使用复数形式details 作宾语;
details 意为“具体情况;(关于某事物的)资料,消息”。故填details。
10.His work as a (history)brought him into conflict with the political establishment.
【答案】historian
【详解】考查名词。句意:他作为一名历史学家的工作使他与政界产生了冲突。本空作介词as 的宾语,应
用名词historian“历史学家”,根据空前的不定冠词a 可知,应用名词单数形式。故填historian。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·江苏南京·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cliffside Café in China Serves Heart-stopping Coffee
Ye Kunkun spent 398 yuan on a special iced Americano at a rural café in southeastern China. That’s no
ordinary price. But this is no ordinary coffee shop. 1 distinguishes it is a wooden bench settled an
astonishing 70 meters above the sea with breathtaking coastal views.
The 30-year-old Ye climbed down from the 2 (tower) 130-meter cliff—about 43 stories high—
along a via ferrata route with metal steps secured to the rock face, while a coach guided her along the way. “I was
scared at first when I saw the cliff right ahead of me,” Ye recalled days later. “But my fear faded away as soon as
the coach went first and led me.”
It took her 30 minutes to reach the spot, 3 a sign on the cliffside reads “Gushi Cliff Coffee.” The
café 4 (name) after the town it’s located near—Gushi village in Fuzhou, the capital of southeastern
Fujian province.
The village—a previously 5 (famous) place featuring bunches of ancient stone houses that guard
against coastal winds— 6 (see) bubble tea shops, homestays and camping sites emerge in recent years as
the local government pushes for rural tourism.
Once at the spot, Ye’s climbing guide served up the pre-made coffee and captured photos of Ye seated on the
edge of a carpet-covered bench, coffee in hand, legs 7 (hang) over the sharp drop.
Gushi Cliff Coffee has sparked a heated discussion on Chinese social media, as 8 (adventure)
visitors share their thrilling experiences online. “Not my cup of tea, but respect those who dare—No way I’d ever
go up there!” wrote one Chinese online commenter.
9 mixed opinions online, thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café. Having a drink and striking a
pose are just the basics of the fun on the cliffside bench. 10 (back) by the local government with a grant
of 1.5 million yuan, the village café is expected to support China’s rural revival efforts. In one of Xue’s
Xiaohongshu videos, a village r was setting up a stall outside the café shop during Golden Week.
【答案】
1.What 2.towering 3.where 4.is named 5.unfamous 6.has seen 7.hanging
8.adventurous 9.Despite 10.Backed
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了中国东南部一家乡村咖啡馆——古石崖咖啡馆因其独特的地理
位置和惊险的体验而受到游客的欢迎,并在社交媒体上引发了热烈讨论。
1.考查名词性从句。句意:它的独特之处在于一个木制长凳,它被安置在离海70 米高的惊人位置,可以
欣赏到令人惊叹的海岸景色。空格处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,因此空格处用连接代词
what,位于句首,首字母大写。故填What。
2.考查形容词。句意:30 岁的叶从高耸的130 米悬崖(约43 层楼高)沿着一条固定在岩壁上的铁索道下
来,一路上有一名教练指导她。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词cliff,表示属性,应使用v-ing 形式的形
容词,意为“高耸的”。故填towering。
3.考查定语从句。句意:她花了30 分钟到达那个地方,那里的悬崖边上有一个牌子,上面写着“古石崖
咖啡”。空格处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少状语,先行词spot 表示地点,因此空格处用关系副词
where 引导定语从句,故填where。
4.考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意:这家咖啡馆以它所在的城镇命名——福建省省会福州的古石村。空
白处在句子中作谓语,因与主语之间为被动关系,使用被动语态,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,
因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态,故填is named。
5.考查形容词。句意:这个村庄以前是一个不出名的地方,有一大群古老的石头房子,可以抵御海风
——近年来,随着当地政府推动乡村旅游,这里出现了泡泡茶店、民宿和露营地。空白处在句子中作定语,
使用形容词,根据后文的“as the local government pushes for rural tourism(随着当地政府推动乡村旅游)”可
知,这个村庄以前不出名,空格处应填表示“不出名的”含义的表达,故填unfamous。
6.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个村庄以前是一个不出名的地方,有一大群古老的石头房子,可以抵
御海风——近年来,随着当地政府推动乡村旅游,这里出现了泡泡茶店、民宿和露营地。由“in recent
years”可知,句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,时态用现在完成时,主语village 是单数,故填
has seen。
7.考查独立主格结构。句意:一到那里,叶的攀岩向导就端上了预先做好的咖啡,并拍下了叶坐在铺着
毯子的长凳边缘,手里拿着咖啡,双腿悬在陡峭的悬崖上的照片。句中谓语是“served up and captured”,
空格处用非谓语动词,legs 和hang 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,构成独立主
格结构,故填hanging。
8.考查形容词。句意:古石崖咖啡在中国社交媒体上引发了热烈讨论,喜欢冒险的游客在网上分享他们
的惊险经历。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词visitors,adventure 的形容词是adventurous,意为“喜欢冒
险的”。故填adventurous。
9.考查介词。句意:尽管网上意见不一,但寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆。根据“mixed
opinions online(网上意见不一)”以及“thrill-seekers keep flooding into this café(寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这
家咖啡馆)”可知,尽管网上意见不一,但寻求刺激的人还是不断涌入这家咖啡馆,空格处应填表示“尽
管”含义的介词,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Despite。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:在当地政府150 万元的资助下,这家乡村咖啡馆有望支持中国的乡村振兴。
分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是is expected,空格处用非谓语动词做状语,因与其逻辑主语the village café
之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,空格处用过去分词表被动,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Backed。
(2025·重庆·模拟预测)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nanjing’s 600-year-old Zhanyuan Garden, one of China’s Four Great Gardens of Jiangnan, 1
(perfect) shows the traditional idea of harmony between humans and nature. Found near the Confucius Temple
along the Qinhuai River, this ancient Ming Dynasty garden uses three key elements in 2 (it) design:
special rocks, water pools, and man-made hills. Its rock arrangements follow 3 “hills as main focus,
water as support” rule of classical Chinese gardening.
The garden’s most famous attraction is the Fan Pavilion ( 亭子), known as one of the world’s 4
(early) temperature-controlled buildings. Historical records describe how servants 5 (burn) charcoal (木
炭) underground in winter. Heat traveled through pipes 6 (warm) the pavilion so effectively that, as
described in the Qing Dynasty novel The Unofficial History of the Scholars, rich people inside could even take off
heavy coats while enjoying snowy views outside.
Spring nights offer the best visiting experience. Small 7 (guide) groups walk through the peaceful
garden under soft lighting. The magical moment comes at the Moon-Chasing Pavilion’s lakeside platform, 8
visitors often see two moons at once — the real one in the sky and its perfect reflection in the water. This beautiful
scene, best shared with a friend, helps explain why Chinese poets and artists 9 (love) this garden for
centuries. Its quiet beauty continues to teach modern visitors about ancient 10 (wise) in balancing human
creations with natural beauty.
【答案】
1.perfectly 2.its 3.the 4.earliest 5.burned/burnt 6.to warm 7.guided 8.
where 9.have loved/have been loving 10.wisdom
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南京瞻园这座具有六百年历史的江南名园,从设计理念、建
筑特色到文化内涵,展现了中国古代园林艺术与自然和谐共生的智慧。
1.考查副词。句意:南京拥有600 年历史的瞻园是中国江南四大名园之一,它完美地展现了人与自然和
谐相处的传统理念。空处修饰动词shows,应用副词形式perfectly 作状语,表示“完美地”。故填
perfectly。
2.考查代词。句意:这座古老的明代花园位于秦淮河畔孔庙附近,其设计中使用了三个关键元素:奇石、
水池和人造山丘。空后design 为名词,前面应用形容词性物主代词its 修饰,表示“它的”,作定语。故填
its。
3.考查冠词。句意:其岩石布置遵循中国古典园林“以山为主,以水为辅”'的规则。“hills as main
focus, water as support”为特指的规则,应用定冠词the。故填the。
4.考查形容词最高级。句意:这座花园最著名的景点是扇亭,被誉为世界上最早的温控建筑之一。空前
为one of,空后为名词,所以空处应用形容词最高级形式earliest,表示“最早的”,构成“one of the + 形
容词最高级+名词复数”结构。故填earliest。
5.考查动词时态。句意:历史记录描述了仆人们如何在冬天在地下燃烧木炭。空处为从句的谓语动词,
描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,burn 的过去式为burned 或burnt。故填burned/burnt。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:热量通过管道传递,有效地温暖了亭子,正如清代小说《儒林外史》中所描
述的那样,在里面享受雪景的富人甚至可以脱下厚外套。本句已有谓语动词traveled,所以warm 应用非谓
语动词形式,此处表目的,应用不定式to warm 作目的状语。故填to warm。
7.考查形容词。句意:在柔和的灯光下,小型导游团穿过宁静的花园。空处修饰空后名词groups,应用
形容词形式guided“有导游的”,作定语。故填guided。
8.考查定语从句。句意:神奇的时刻出现在追月亭的湖边平台上,游客们经常能同时看到两个月亮——
天上真实的月亮和水中完美的倒影。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the Moon-Chasing Pavilion’s
lakeside platform,关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
9.考查动词时态。句意:这一美景,最好与朋友分享,解释了为何中国诗人和艺术家几个世纪以来一直
热爱这座花园。根据时间状语for centuries 可知,此处表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能
继续延续下去的动作,可用现在完成进行时have/has been doing;或表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在,并
对现在造成了影响,用现在完成时have/has done,主语Chinese poets and artists 为复数,助动词应用have。
故填have loved/have been loving。
10.考查名词。句意:它宁静的美丽继续向现代游客传授着在人类创造与自然美景之间取得平衡的古老智
慧。空前为形容词ancient,所以空处应用名词wisdom 作宾语,表示“智慧”,为不可数名词。故填
wisdom。
Unit 4 Everyday economics
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.bug n.突然的兴趣,迷恋
2.obstacle n.障碍,阻碍,妨碍
3.phase n.阶段,时期
4.cosmetics n.化妆品,美容品
5.entrepreneurial adj.创业的,具有创业精神的
6.equator n.赤道
7.estate n.庄园
8.calorie n.卡(路里)
9.freshman n.(高中或大学的)一年级学生
10.afloat adj.经济上周转得开的;不欠债的
11.interfere v.介入;干涉
12.rational adj.(想法、决定等)合理的,基于理性的
13.exceed v.超过,超出
14.toddler n.学步的儿童,刚学走路的小孩
15.frustration n.懊丧,懊恼,沮丧
16.designer clothes 名牌服装
17.thereby adv.因此,由此
18.supervision n.监督;管理
19.forehead n.额,前额
20.blank adj.无表情的,木然的
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.dizzy adj.头晕目眩的→dizzily adv.眩晕地→dizziness n.头昏眼花
2.sunrise n.日出(时分);黎明;拂晓→sunset n.日落
3.enterprising adj.有创业精神的;有事业心的;有进取心的→enterprise n.公司;企业
4.input n.投入(物)→output n.产量;输出
5.manufacturer n.制造商;制造公司,制造厂→manufacture v.生产;制造→manufacturing n.制造业
6.distribution n.(商品的)分销,经销→distribute v.分发→distributor n.经销商;分销商→distributive
adj.经销的;分销的
7.guidance n.指导,引导→guide v.指导;带领 n.向导;导游
8.consultant n.顾问→consult v.咨询;商量;查阅
9.conventional adj.传统的,常规的→convention n.习俗;常规;惯例
10.discriminate v.不公正地区别对待,歧视→discrimination n.歧视
11.superior adj.质量上乘的,优质的→superiority n.优越(性);优势
12.mild adj.不浓烈的,淡的→mildly adv.轻微地
13.subjective adj.主观的→objective adj.客观的
14.financial adj.财政的,金融的;财务的→finance n.财政;金融
15.accumulate v.积累,积聚→accumulation n.积累→accumulative adj.累积的
16.automatically adv.自动地→automatic adj.自动的→automate v.使自动化
17.expense n.费用,花费→expensive adj.昂贵的
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.To the surprise of the little boy, the door opened (automatic) as he approached.
【答案】automatically
【详解】考查副词。句意:令小男孩惊讶的是,当他走近时,门自动打开了。空处需用副词来修饰动词
opened,automatic 是形容词,意为“自动的”,其副词形式是automatically“自动地”。故填
automatically。
2.“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force
them to follow your (guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the
exhibition.
【答案】guidance
【详解】考查名词。句意:“在围棋游戏中,每一步棋都应该服务于一个长期目标。你试图把对手引入你
的陷阱,迫使他们听从你的引导,直到他们失败,”参观展览的围棋手王伟解释说。分析句子可知,空前
your 为形容词形物主代词,此处为名词形式作follow 的宾语,用名词guidance“引导”,不可数名词。故填
guidance。
3.This gift covers the cost of production and (distribute) of seedlings.
【答案】distribution
【详解】考查名词。句意:这份礼物涵盖了种苗的生产和分销成本。空格处用名词作宾语,distribute 的名
词是distribution,意为“分销”,是不可数名词。故填distribution。
4.Many household products are (potential) harmful, so we should be careful with them.
【答案】potentially
【详解】考查副词。句意:许多家用产品都有潜在的危害,所以我们应该小心使用。空处修饰形容词
harmful,应填副词形式,故填potentially。
5.He took a deep breath and told the (consult) his unusual ambition.
【答案】consultant
【详解】考查名词。 句意:他深吸一口气,告诉顾问自己不寻常的抱负。 根据句意可知,空出填名词
consultant 作宾语。故填consultant。
6.It is believed that learning is (accumulate), based on former experience.
【答案】accumulative
【详解】考查形容词。句意:人们认为学习是在以往经验的基础上积累起来的。空格处用形容词作表语,
accumulate 的形容词是accumulative,意为“累积的,逐渐增加的”,故填accumulative。
7.As we all know, the present world (finance) crisis still has a bad effect on the development of the
economy of every country.
【答案】financial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:众所周知,当前的世界金融危机仍然对每个国家的经济发展产生了不良影响。
空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词crisis,finance 的形容词是financial,意为“金融的”,故填financial。
8.In my opinion, we should limit our (expend) to what we can afford.
【答案】expense
【详解】考查名词。句意:在我看来,我们应该把费用限制在我们能负担得起的范围内。分析句子可知,
“our”为形容词性物主代词,空格处应用名词,作宾语,expend 的名词为expense 意为“费用”,为不可
数名词。故填expense。
9.With a (sorrow) sigh she folded the letter and put it away.
【答案】sorrowful
【详解】考查形容词。句意:她带着悲伤的叹息,把信折起来收了起来。空处需要一个形容词来修饰名词
sigh,作定语。sorrow 是名词,其形容词形式为sorrowful“悲伤的”。故填sorrowful。
10.Later, her sister, a teacher in Poland, helped her to make (end) meet.
【答案】ends
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:后来,她的姐姐(她在波兰任教)帮助她维持生计。make ends meet“维持
生计;收支平衡”是固定搭配。故填ends。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·河北·一模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填写1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What do puppies have for their Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner?
As more young people adopt pets, the pet market has become increasingly diverse. According to Jiemian, a
Chinese media outlet, a pet store in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, introduced a “Puppy Chinese New Year’s
Eve Dinner” package 1 (price) at 168 yuan (23.17) per dog. The set, which includes 10 carefully selected
dishes, quickly sold out once it 2 (announce), leaving many pet owners unable to secure 3 spot
for their furry companions.
In addition to treating 4 (they) pets to special meals at restaurants, many owners also purchase gift
boxes 5 (celebrate) the New Year with their furry companions. These gift boxes, ranging from a few
dozen yuan to 500 yuan, 6 (typical) contain a variety of items such as main dishes, soups, desserts, and
snacks.
Pet gift boxes have also become popular 7 a social gift, with pet owners buying them not just for
their own pets 8 for friends and family members with pets.
As young people’s 9 (spend) habits evolve, the pet market has seen rapid growth. According to
data from the China Pet Industry Association, the pet economy continued to expand in 2024, surpassing a market
size of 300 billion yuan. This rapid 10 (expand) highlights how pets have become an integral part of
modern family life, with their well-being increasingly prioritized.
【答案】
1.priced 2.was announced 3.a 4.their 5.to celebrate 6.typically 7.as 8.
but 9.spending 10.expansion
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了随着养宠年轻人增多,宠物市场日益多元,如广州宠物店推出
的“小狗年夜饭”套餐售罄,宠物新年礼盒受欢迎,且随年轻人消费习惯演变2024 年宠物经济规模超
3000 亿,凸显宠物在现代家庭生活中的重要性。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:据中国媒体界面新闻报道,广东省广州市的一家宠物店推出了“小狗年夜
饭”套餐,每只狗售价168 元(23.17 美元)。此处为非谓语动词作定语,package 与price 为逻辑被动关系,
用过去分词priced。故填priced。
2.考查动词时态语态。句意:这套包含10 道精心挑选菜肴的套餐一经宣布就迅速售罄,许多宠物主人没
能为他们毛茸茸的伙伴抢到名额。此处为谓语动词,it(指代the set)与谓语动词announce 为被动关系,
结合句意以及主句中的谓语动词sold out 可知,“被宣布”是过去发生的事情,用一般过去时的被动语态,
且主语为第三人称单数,所以谓语动词为was announced。故填was announced。
3.考查冠词。句意:同上。spot 为可数名词单数,空前无限定词,此处表示“一个名额”,为泛指,且
spot 是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
4.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:除了在餐馆给宠物享用特别的饭菜,许多主人还会购买礼品盒,与他
们毛茸茸的伙伴一起庆祝新年。此处修饰名词pets,用they 的形容词性物主代词their,意为“他们的”。
故填their。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。此处为非谓语动词作状语,结合句意,此处表示目的,意为“为了庆
祝”,所以使用动词不定式to celebrate 作目的状语。故填to celebrate。
6.考查副词。句意:这些礼品盒价格从几十元到500 元不等,通常包含主菜、汤、甜点和零食等各种物
品。此处修饰动词contain,用typical 的副词typically,意为“通常”,作状语。故填typically。
7.考查介词。句意:宠物礼品盒也成为一种受欢迎的社交礼物,宠物主人购买它们不仅是为了自己的宠
物,也是为了有宠物的朋友和家人。become popular as...,意为“作为……变得受欢迎”,这里指宠物礼品
盒作为一种社交礼物变得受欢迎,所以用介词as。故填as。
8.考查连词。句意:同上。此处为固定搭配not just...but (also)...,意为“不仅……而且……”,用连词
but。故填but。
9.考查名词。句意:随着年轻人消费习惯的演变,宠物市场迅速增长。此处为名词spending (花销)作定语
修饰名词habits,说明习惯的类型。故填spending。
10.考查名词。句意:这种快速扩张凸显出宠物已成为现代家庭生活的重要组成部分,它们的福祉越来越
受到重视。此处作主语,由代词this 和形容词rapid 修饰,用expand 的名词expansion,意为“扩张”,为
不可数名词。故填expansion。
(2025·江西·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As demand for Ne Zha-themed products rises dramatically, company president Sun Wenke finds his phone
keeping ringing. In addition to 1 (update) on mold (模具) production, inquiries from distributors, and
requests for cooperation from eager brands are flooding 2 .
Established toy manufacturers like Sun’s WoFactory are turning the film Ne Zha 2’s characters into 3
(high) sought-after real-world collectibles (收藏品) through innovative designs and craftsmanship.
4 (found) in 2017, WoFactory is a cultural and creative company specializing in design, research,
and production. “Our initial order before the film’s release was 10,000 sets. Just days ago, an additional order 5
(place), multiplying demand by several hundred times,” Sun said.
The unexpected increase in orders has left companies both excited and feeling the 6 (press). “We
have sped up mold production to shorten the manufacturing cycle. Typically, it takes 35 to 60 days to produce a
mold and another 45 to 90 days 7 (complete) a product, but now we can deliver the products to
consumers in just over 20 days,” Sun said.
In recent years, Dongguan 8 (become) a global center for designer toys, producing a quarter of the
world’s anime-related merchandise and 85 percent of China’s designer toy products.
9 city’s well-established industrial chain and supply network have given companies a competitive
edge. In Shipai Town, 10 WoFactory is based, a fully integrated ecosystem covers everything from
design and mold manufacturing to transportation—all accessible within a 15-minute drive.
【答案】
1.updates 2.in 3.highly 4.Founded 5.was placed 6.pressure 7.to complete
8.has become 9.The 10.where
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了《哪吒》电影主题产品需求激增的现象,以及其对东莞沃工厂
公司的生产、订单和供应链带来的机遇与挑战。
1.考查非谓语。句意:除了模具生产的更新外,分销商的询盘和热切品牌的合作请求也蜂拥而至。介词
短语in addition to 后需接动名词updating 作宾语,表示“更新”这一动作。故填 updating。
2.考查介词。 句意:分销商的询盘和热切品牌的合作请求也蜂拥而至。此处为固定短语flood in,意为
“涌入”,空处需填介词 in。故填in。
3.考查副词。句意: 像孙的沃工厂这样的成熟玩具制造商正通过创新设计和工艺将《哪吒》电影中的角
色变成备受追捧的现实世界收藏品。设空处位于形容词“sought-after”之前,需副词修饰,其副词形式为
highly,表示“高度地”。故填highly。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意: 沃工厂成立于2017 年,是一家专注于设计、研究和生产的文化创意公司。
空处作状语,应用非谓语动词形式;句子主语 WoFactory 与found 之间是被动关系,因此需要用过去分词
作状语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Founded。
5.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意: 孙说:“电影上映前我们的初始订单是1 万套。就在几天
前,又下了一个订单,需求增加了几百倍。”句子主语an additional order 与 place 之间是被动关系,因此
应该用被动语态,再根据时间状语Just days ago 可知,此处需要用一般过去时,句子主语为单数,be 动词
用was。故填was placed。
6.考查名词。句意:订单的意外增加让公司既兴奋又感受到了压力。此处需要用名词作feeling 的宾语。
故填pressure。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:通常,生产一个模具需要35 到60 天,完成一个产品还需要45 到90 天。此处
为it takes+时间+ to do sth.固定搭配,需使用不定式。故填to complete。
8.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意: 近年来,东莞已成为全球设计师玩具中心,生产全球四分之一的
动漫相关商品和中国 85% 的设计师玩具产品。根据时间状语In recent years 可知,此处表示从过去持续到
现在的动作,需要现在完成时,主语Dongguan 为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has become。
9.考查冠词。句意: 该市完善的产业链和供应链网络使公司具有竞争优势。此处特指东莞市,应用定冠
词the 修饰。故填The。
10.考查定语从句。句意: 在沃工厂所在的石排镇,一个完全整合的生态系统涵盖了从设计和模具制造
到运输的一切——所有这一切都在15 分钟车程内可达。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Shipai
Town,从句中缺少地点状语,因此用where 引导定语从句。故填where。
Unit 5 Into the unknown
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.intrigue v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣,引起……的好奇心
2.pyramid n.金字塔
3.tropical adj.来自热带的;产于热带的
4.cyclone n.气旋;旋风
5.megadrought n.超级干旱
6.downfall n.衰败
7.getaway n.逃跑,逃走
8.retreat v.后退;离开;退避
9.subdue v.克制,抑制(情绪)
10.the unknown 不为人知的地方,人类尚未到达的地方
11.uncharted adj.地图上没有标明的
12.delve v.探索,探究
13.shrink v.退缩,畏缩
14.shipwreck n.沉船;失事的船
15.archaeological adj.考古学的;考古的
16.coral n.珊瑚
17.barreleye n.管眼鱼
18.upwards adv.向上,朝上
19.trench n.海沟
20.equivalent adj.等同的;等值的;相当的
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.civilisation n.文明(社会)→civilise v.使文明;使有教养→civilised adj.文明的
2.astronomy n.天文学→astronaut n.宇航员
3.abandon v.离弃,逃离→abandoned adj.被抛弃的
4.expansion n.扩大;增加→expand v.扩大;增加
5.investigation n.调查→investigate v.调查;研究;审查
6.notable adj.显要的;显著的;值得注意的→note v.注意
7.drilling n.钻探;勘探→drill v.钻孔;打眼;操练
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.We spent a week visiting the wonders of ancient Greek (civilise).
【答案】civilisation
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们花了一个星期参观古希腊文明的奇观。由空前of 为介词可知,此处为名词
civilisation 作宾语成分。此处,抽象概念,不可数。故填civilisation。
2.Breathing such polluted air is the (equivalent) of smoking ten cigarettes a day.
【答案】equivalence
【详解】考查名词。句意:呼吸这种被污染的空气相当于每天抽十支烟。本空作表语,且根据空前的定冠
词the 可知,此处应填入名词equivalent“相等,对等”,作表语。故填equivalent。
3. (archaeology)research, as well as monitoring and warning systems, will also help.
【答案】Archaeological
【详解】考查形容词。句意:考古研究以及监测和预警系统也将提供帮助。此处修饰名词research,用形
容词,作前置定语,archaeology 的形容词archaeological 意为“考古学的”,且句首单词首字母大写。故填
Archaeological。
4.The style of the speech is (note) because it is so brief and simple.
【答案】notable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:演讲的风格很显著,因为它简洁明了。此处作表语,用note 的形容词
notable“显著的”。故填notable。
5.The novel is an (expand) of a short story he wrote about forty years ago.
【答案】expansion
【详解】考查名词。句意:这部小说是他大约四十年前写的一篇短篇小说的扩充版本。分析句子可知,此
空应填名词作表语,expand 的名词形式是expansion,意为“扩展;扩充”,由空前an 可知,这里应用单
数形式。故填expansion。
6.The government has ordered an (investigate) into the accident.
【答案】investigation
【详解】考查名词。句意:政府已下令对事故进行调查。作动词的宾语,结合不定冠词,可知应用单数名
词investigation,故填investigation。
7.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
(abandon).
【答案】abandoned
【详解】考查形容词。句意:新环境中的一方应该同情你的朋友可能感到被抛弃的事实。根据空格前的系
动词feel 可知,空格处应填形容词作表语,根据句意“被抛弃的”是abandoned。故填abandoned。
8.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful (substance) from some sludge(污泥).
【答案】substances
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:约翰为自己设定的任务是清除一些污泥中的有害物质。动词remove 后应
用其名词作宾语,零冠词可数名词复数表泛指。substance“物质”是可数名词,应用复数,故填
substances。
9.I still remembered my friends’ promise so I went past the (abandon) milking house to see if they
had fixed the broken window.
【答案】abandoned
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我仍然记得朋友们的承诺,所以我经过废弃的挤奶房,看看他们是否修好了
破碎的窗户。根据“to see if they had fixed the broken window”可知,此处是指废弃的挤奶房,所以应用形
容词abandoned 表示“废弃的”作定语。故填abandoned。
10.I’d like to inform you of some (detail) information so that you can make full preparations for it.
【答案】detailed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我想告诉你一些详细的情况,以便你做好充分的准备。修饰名词information
应用形容词detailed,作定语。故填detailed。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·海南海口·三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答
案填写在答题卡上。
Blue-and-white porcelain (青花瓷), a product of 1 (share) creativity, tells a story of how East and
West craftsmanship harmonized. In the Yuan Dynasty, Persian merchants 2 (bring) special pigments (颜
料) to Jingdezhen, 3 porcelain traditions had been perfected. Local craftsmen mixed these pigments with
white clay, creating the iconic blue patterns. By 4 (paint) traditional Chinese designs using foreign
materials, they achieved a perfect 5 (combine) of traditions.
Over the centuries, this technique steadily advanced. During the Ming Dynasty, porcelain became 6
major export product. European nobles loved its unique charm, calling it “white gold”. 7 (meet) their
needs, Chinese artists added European elements like rose patterns to traditional landscapes, making the porcelain
more appealing 8 westerners.
Today, this global dialogue continues in museums worldwide. A Ming-era dish that once belonged to a
French King sits in the Louvre nowadays. Its journey from Jingdezhen to the Palace of Versailles, marked by
countless hands across continents, reflects how beauty goes beyond borders. 9 Craig Clunas noted, “The
blue that fascinates the world is never 10 (mere) a color — it is a language.”
【答案】
1.shared 2.brought 3.where 4.painting 5.combination 6.a 7.To meet 8.
to 9.As 10.merely
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了青花瓷作为东西方工艺融合的产物,其发展历程及意义,体现了
美无国界。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:青花瓷是共享创意的产物,讲述了东西方工艺如何协调的故事。此处为非谓
语动词作定语修饰名词creativity,share 与creativity 之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式shared,
意为“共享的”。故填shared。
2.考查动词时态。句意:元代,波斯商人将特殊颜料带到景德镇,那里的制瓷传统已经完善。此处为谓
语动词,根据时间状语“In the Yuan Dynasty”可知,此处用一般过去时,所以谓语动词为bring 的过去式形
式brought,意为“带来”。故填brought。
3.考查定语从句。句意:同上。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句,从句中不缺主语、宾语和表语,
所以使用关系副词,先行词为Jingdezhen,指地点,在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where 引导。故填
where。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:通过用外国材料绘制中国传统图案,他们实现了传统的完美结合。此处作介
词By 的宾语,用动名词painting。故填painting。
5.考查名词。句意:同上。此处作achieved 的宾语,用combine 的名词combination,意为“结合”,为
可数名词,由a 可知用单数。故填combination。
6.考查冠词。句意:明代,瓷器成为主要出口产品。product 为可数名词单数,此处表泛指“一种主要出
口产品”,且major 是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了满足他们的需求,中国艺术家在传统山水画中加入了玫瑰图案等欧洲元
素,使瓷器对西方人更具吸引力。此处为非谓语动词作状语,结合句意,此处表示目的,用动词不定式to
meet 作目的状语,意为“为了满足”,句首单词首字母大写。故填To meet。
8.考查介词。句意:同上。此处为固定搭配appeal to,意为“对……有吸引力”符合句意,所以此处使用
介词to。故填to。
9.考查定语从句。句意:正如克雷格·克卢纳斯所指出的,“令世界着迷的蓝色不仅仅是一种颜色——它
是一种语言。” 此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词为后面整个句子,用关系代词as 引导,
意为“正如”,位于句首,首字母大写。故填As。
10.考查副词。句意:同上。此处修饰be 动词is,用mere 的副词形式merely,意为“仅仅”。故填
merely。
(2025·陕西西安·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
More than 80 archaeological sites and artifact distribution points containing artifacts that date back from the
Neolithic Period (新石器时代) 1 modern times have recently been discovered in South China’s Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region.
This cluster (集群) of considerable size was discovered along the coast of Beibu Gulf in Guangxi. The area
has long been known as a cradle for underwater discoveries as well as findings 2 shed light on cross-
cultural and cross-ethnic exchanges.
In 2024, pottery pieces with comb-patterned designs 3 (find) among some of the cluster’s ruins
such as the Shanmiaoling site and the Dishuiping site. Other excavated sites such as Wayaodong, Masiling and
Duimianling are characterized by Warring States Period and Qin Dynasty archaeological features. The artifacts 4
(collect) on the spot are mainly pottery wares decorated with patterns similar to the Chinese character “ 米”, or
featuring grid motifs and waffle pattern designs. 5 (this) findings provide significant 6 (refer)
for studying the Qin’s and Han’s handicraft development.
The cluster of sites not only belongs to a 7 (various) of times, but also is quite diverse, including
city ruins, settlement sites, tombs, and remains that are identified as ironsmelting locations.
The 8 (new) discovered archaeological cluster resulted from a survey 9 (focus) on
Beibu Gulf archaeology, conducted by the Guangxi Institute of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology in
2024. The survey lasted nearly 70 days and covered 10 area of 20,000 square kilometers.
【答案】
1.to 2.that/ which 3.were found 4.collected 5.These 6.reference 7.variety
8.newly 9.focusing 10.an
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了在广西壮族自治区发现的 80 多处考古遗址和文物分布点,这些
文物的年代从新石器时代跨越到现代。
1.考查介词。句意:最近,在中国南方的广西壮族自治区发现了 80 多处考古遗址和文物分布点,其中
包含的文物年代从新石器时代到现代。from... to... 为固定搭配,意为“从…… 到……”。故 to。
2.考查定语从句。句意:该地区长期以来一直被视为水下发现以及揭示跨文化和跨民族交流的发现的摇
篮。空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是findings,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用that 或which 引导
定语从句。故填that /which。
3.考查时态和语态。句意:2024 年,在该集群的一些遗址中,如山庙岭遗址和平水坪遗址,发现了带有
梳状图案设计的陶片。根据时间状语 In 2024 可知,动作发生在过去,且pottery pieces 与find 是被动关系,
应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语pottery pieces 是复数,be 动词用were。故填were found。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:现场收集的文物主要是带有类似汉字 “米” 图案,或具有网格图案和华夫
饼图案设计的陶器。句子已有谓语are,collect 与artifacts 是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语修饰
artifacts。故填collected。
5.考查代词。句意:这些发现为研究秦汉时期的手工业发展提供了重要参考。修饰复数名词 findings,应
用this 的复数形式 these,意为“这些”。故填These。
6.考查名词。句意:这些发现为研究秦汉时期的手工业发展提供了重要参考。此处应用refer 的名词形式
reference,意为“参考”,作宾语。故填reference。
7.考查名词。句意:这些遗址集群不仅属于不同的时代,而且种类繁多,包括城市遗址、聚落遗址、墓
葬以及被确定为炼铁地点的遗迹。a variety of 为固定短语,意为“各种各样的”,因此用various 的名词
形式variety。故填variety。
8.考查副词。句意:最新发现的考古遗址集群源于广西文物保护与考古研究所 2024 年针对北部湾考古
开展的一项调查。修饰形容词discovered,应用副词newly,意为“最近,最新”。故填 newly。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:最新发现的考古遗址集群源于广西文物保护与考古研究所 2024 年针对北部
湾考古开展的一项调查。句子已有谓语 resulted from,focus 与survey 是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语
修饰survey。故填focusing。
10.考查冠词。句意:这项调查持续了近 70 天,覆盖面积达 20000 平方公里。an area of... 为固定搭配,
意为“…… 的面积”,area 以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故填an。
Unit 6 Space and beyond
知识点1 读单词、识词义
1.notion n.概念;观点;看法
2.hazardous adj.危险的,不安全的
3.shuttle n.航天飞机
4.the space shuttle 航天飞机
5.excursion n.(有特定目的的)短途旅行
6.instantaneously adv.瞬间地
7.suspend v.暂停,中止
8.lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的,逼真的
9.the naked eye 肉眼
10.galaxy n.星系
11.cosmic adj.宇宙的
12.conceivably adv.可以相信地;可想象地
13.subatomic adj.亚原子的;原子内的
14.particle n.粒子
15.shadow n.坏影响,阴影
16.scream v.(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
17.crew n.(飞机上的)全体机组人员
18.submit v.提交
19.awesome adj.很好的,了不起的
20.telescope n.望远镜
知识点2 重点常考派生词词形转换
1.unexceptional adj.平常的→exceptional adj.例外的;独特的
2.rekindle v.重新激起,重新唤起→kindle v.鼓舞;点燃
3.tragically adv.悲惨地,不幸地→tragic adj.悲惨的
4.simulated adj.模仿的,模拟的;仿真的→simulate v.模仿;假装;冒充→simulator n.(用于人员训练
的)模拟装置,模拟器
5.invisible adj.看不见的→visible adj.看得见的
考向1 重点词汇综合检测
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The lines were so finely etched as to be (visible) from a distance.
【答案】invisible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这些线条蚀刻得如此精细,从远处看不见。根据句意以及空前be 动词可知,
此处为形容词invisible“看不见的”作表语,满足句意要求。故填invisible。
2.Tell them (straightforward) that you want them to leave now.
【答案】straightforwardly
【详解】考查副词。句意:直截了当地告诉他们,希望他们现在离开。空格处修饰动词tell 作状语,应该
用副词straightforwardly。故填straightforwardly。
3.Police have appealed for (witness) to come forward and tell them the truth.
【答案】witnesses
【详解】考查名词。句意:警方呼吁目击者站出来告诉他们真相。本空作介词for 的宾语,用名词
witness“目击者”,目击者不止一个,应用名词复数形式。故填witnesses。
4.The problem of environmental protection affect all countries, and China is no (except).
【答案】exception
【详解】考查名词。句意:环境保护问题影响着所有国家,中国也不例外。此处为名词exception“例外”
作表语,构成“no exception”固定短语,意为“不例外”,满足句意要求。故填exception。
5.Knowing that you are not (accustom) to the life here and are considering returning to America, I
feel very upset.
【答案】accustomed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:得知你不习惯这里的生活,正在考虑返回美国,我感到非常难过。本空在句
中作表语,应填形容词accustomed“习惯的”,构成短语be accustomed to“习惯于”。故填accustomed。
6.His head was bowed in (submit).
【答案】submission
【详解】考查名词。句意:他低头服服帖帖。介词in 后接名词形式,在句中作宾语。submit 的名词形式为
submission,为“屈服”之意。故填submission。
7.The sculpture show is (awe) so it’s really a pity that you didn’t make it last night.
【答案】awesome
【详解】考查形容词。句意:雕塑展太棒了,所以你昨晚没来真的很遗憾。空处应用形容词,作表语。
awesome 意为“令人惊叹的,令人赞叹的”。故填awesome。
8. (tragic), the side effects of the drug hadn’t been discovered until many people were seriously
damaged by it.
【答案】Tragically
【详解】考查副词。句意:可悲的是,这种药物的副作用直到许多人被它严重伤害后才被发现。此处作状
语应用副词tragically 表示“可悲的是”。句首首字母应大写。故填Tragically。
9.The children were having fun, chasing each other’s (shadow) in the playground.
【答案】shadows
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:孩子们在操场上追逐着彼此的影子,玩得很开心。shadow“影子”,可数
名词,且根据句意可知,“彼此的影子”说明不止一个,所以用名词复数。故填shadows。
10.Luckily, his father didn’t get injured when the _____ (explode) happened at the chemical factory.
【答案】explosion
【详解】考查名词。句意:幸运的是,化工厂发生爆炸时,他的父亲没有受伤。依据空后的动词happened
可知,空处应填名词形式explosion,作主语,结合句意此处特指化工厂的爆炸,应用单数。故填
explosion。
考向2 单元话题语法填空练习
(2025·宁夏银川·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the
mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, 1 (discover) at the Chinese
archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In
reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to
understand 2 they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their
imaginations to create a world in the sky.
Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed 3 (dramatic) when the first telescope
was angled at the night sky. It increased the power of the human eye, 4 (enable) us to understand that the
universe is far 5 (large) than previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our
own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, 6 was understood that the Sun was just one star
among billions in the galaxy which we call the Milky Way.
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope 7
(launch) into orbit. It gave astronomers — indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful 8 (image)
of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great
distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets
where we might conceivably find life. Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the
universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding 9 an ever-increasing speed.
Currently, China operates the world’s largest 10 most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope,
completed in 2016.
【答案】
1.discovered 2.what 3.dramatically 4.enabling 5.larger 6.it 7.was launched
8.images 9.at 10.and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类自古痴迷夜空,望远镜的发明及哈勃、中国FAST 望远镜的出现,极大增
进了对宇宙的认知。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,在中国三星堆考古遗址发现的古代蜀国神秘的大眼青铜雕像,被认为
能够遥望星空。此空考查非谓语,statues 与discover 为逻辑被动关系,再由语境可知,应用过去分词作后
置定语。故填discovered。
2.考查宾语从句。句意:长期以来,人们无法理解自己所看到的东西。空处引导宾语从句,在从句中作
宾语,指物,应用连接代词what,表“什么”。故填what。
3.考查副词。句意:当第一台望远镜对准夜空时,我们探索和理解太空的能力发生了巨大变化。修饰动
词changed 用副词dramatically,表“显著地”,作状语。故填dramatically。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:它增强了人类的视力,使我们认识到宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。此空考查
非谓语,It 与enable 为逻辑主动关系,该空后内容是前句造成的自然而然的结果,应用现在分词作结果状
语。故填enabling。
5.考查形容词比较级。句意:它增强了人类的视力,使我们认识到宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。由than
可知,这里应用形容词比较级larger,表“更大的”。故填larger。
6.考查形式主语。句意:很快人们就明白了,太阳只是我们称之为银河系的数十亿恒星中的一颗。分析
句子结构可知,句中真正主语是that 引导的从句,这里应用it 作形式主语。故填it。
7.考查时态和语态。句意:第一台地基望远镜发明近400 年后,哈勃太空望远镜被送入轨道。此空考查
谓语动词,the Hubble Space Telescope 与launch 为被动关系,且动作发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语
态。故填was launched。
8.考查名词复数。句意:它为天文学家——实际上是我们所有人——提供了第一批从地球之外拍摄的令
人惊叹的宇宙图像。image,表“图像”,为可数名词,且由“the first breathtakingly beautiful”及语境可知,
这里应用复数,表“第一批图像”。故填images。
9.考查介词。句意:不仅如此,它还帮助我们计算出宇宙的年龄和性质,并发现了宇宙正以不断加快的
速度膨胀这一惊人事实。此空考查at a speed,为固定搭配,意为“以……速度”。故填at。
10.考查连词。句意:目前,中国拥有世界上最大、最强大的射电望远镜——2016 年建成的FAST 望远镜。
分析句子结构可知,空处连接两个并列的形容词最高级,表并列关系,所以应用并列连词and。故填and。
(2025·广西南宁·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China sent up its first Mars probe Tianwen I on Thursday, starting 1 series of key launch missions.
It is expected 2 (reach) the planet in about seven months. The mission to Mars is much 3
(hard) compared to that to the moon.
China’s Mars mission, 4 (design) for the mapping of key zones of the planet’s surface, indicates
that the country’s exploration 5 (progress) rapidly in the past years. It expresses the determination and
perseverance of the Chinese nation in looking for scientific truth of the universe.
Tianwen I has immediately grabbed people’s attention after its successful launch. 6 is reported
that there are countless discussions on topics related to spaceflight and the exploration of outer space. People’s 7
(curious) about the unknown and thirst for knowledge are obviously aroused whenever the country makes
breakthroughs in space exploration. What’s more, astronauts, scientists and engineers are 8 (increasing)
becoming role models for more and more Chinese, especially young people. The “Mars fever” that has been
aroused 9 (show) people’s desire to know more about space, which requires more innovations to
discover more about the universe 10 we live.
【答案】
1.a 2.to reach 3.harder 4.designed 5.has progressed 6.It 7.curiosity 8.
increasingly 9.shows 10.where
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国发射首个火星探测器“天问一号”,开启一系列关键发射任
务,还阐述了此次火星任务的难度及意义。
1.考查固定短语和冠词。句意:周四,中国发射了首个火星探测器“天问一号”,开启了一系列关键发
射任务。a series of 是固定短语,意为“一系列”。故填a。
2.考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句意:预计它将在大约七个月后到达火星。“sb./sth. be expected to do
sth.”是固定句型,意为“预计某人/某事将……”,其中不定式作主语补足语;句中it 指代上文“Tianwen
I”。故填to reach。
3.考查形容词比较级。句意:与月球任务相比,火星任务要困难得多。根据“compared to that to the
moon”可知,这里是将火星任务和月球任务进行比较,应用形容词比较级harder 作表语,意为“更困难”。
故填harder。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的火星任务旨在绘制火星表面关键区域的地图,这表明中国在过去几年
里的探索取得了迅速进展。“(design) for the mapping of key zones of the planet’s surface”作后置定语,
design(计划,设计)与其逻辑主语China’s Mars mission 之间是被动关系,应用过去分词表被动。故填
designed。
5.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:中国的火星任务旨在绘制火星表面关键区域的地图,这表明中国在过去
几年里的探索取得了迅速进展。progress(进步,进展)作从句谓语,根据时间状语“in the past years”可知,
描述过去持续到现在的行为,应用现在完成时态,主语exploration 是不可数名词,助动词用has。故填has
progressed。
6.考查固定句型和形式主语。句意:据报道,“天问一号”成功发射后,人们对航天和外层空间探索的
话题展开了无数讨论。“It is reported that...”是固定句型,意为“据报道……”,其中“it”是形式主语,真
正的主语是后面的that 从句。故填It。
7.考查名词。句意:每当国家在太空探索方面取得突破时,人们对未知事物的好奇心和对知识的渴望显
然会被激发出来。提示词作主语,用名词curiosity,意为“好奇心”,是不可数名词。故填curiosity。
8.考查副词。句意:此外,宇航员、科学家和工程师正日益成为越来越多中国人,尤其是年轻人的榜样。
提示词修饰动词becoming,用副词increasingly 作状语,意为“越来越多地,不断增加地”。故填
increasingly。
9.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:引发的“火星热”表明人们渴望更多地了解太空,这需要更多的创新来
探索我们生活的宇宙。show(表明)作主句谓语,描述客观事实,用一般现在时态,主语The ‘Mars fever’是
不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。
10.考查定语从句。句意:引发的“火星热”表明人们渴望更多地了解太空,这需要更多的创新来探索我
们生活的宇宙。“____ we live”是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the universe,关系词在从句中作地点状语,
应用关系副词where 引导从句。故填where。