考点01 句子成分与句子类型（掌握语法大骨架）
模块一：课前热身练
模块二：核心考点梳理：句子成分
模块三：核心考点梳理：句子类型
模块四：当堂限时检测
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in
Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and
white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the
exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We
hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with
minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and
force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors
to the exhibition.
“The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the
opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than
one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy)
placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,
sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
课前热身练
模块一
1. 主要成分与次要成分总览
成分类型
包含成分
核心作用
主要成分
主语、谓语
构成句子基本骨架，表达核心语义
次要成分
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补
足语、同位语
补充说明主要成分，丰富句子细节
独立成分
感叹语、呼语、插入语
与全句无语法关系，表达情感或补充说
明
2. 具体句子成分详解
成分名称
定义
常见位置
典型形式
示例
主语
句子叙述
的主体
一般句首；there be /
疑问句 / 倒装句中位
于谓语后
名词、代词、数词、
不定式、动名词、名
词化形容词、主语从
句
Smoking does harm to the
health.（动名词）When we
will test hasn't been decided.
（主语从句）
谓语
说明主语
的动作或
状态
主语之后
简单谓语（动词 / 动
词短语）；复合谓语
（情态动词 + 动词原
形 / 系动词 + 表
语）
He runs every morning.（简单
谓语）You may keep the
book.（复合谓语）We are
students.（系表结构复合谓
语）
表语
说明主语
的身份、
特征、状
态
系动词后（be/
become/get 等）
名词、代词、形容
词、分词、数词、不
定式、介词短语、从
句
The weather turned cold.（形
容词）His job is to teach.（不
定式）The truth is that he lied.
（表语从句）
宾语
动作的对
象或承受
者
及物动词 / 介词后
名词、代词、数词、
不定式、动名词、从
句
I enjoy listening to music.（动
名词）He said he would
come.（宾语从句）
核心考点梳理：句子成分
模块二
宾语补足
语
补充说明
宾语的动
作或状态
宾语之后
名词、形容词、不定
式、分词、介词短
语、从句
We elected him monitor.（名
词）I saw her entering.（现在
分词）Keep the room clean.
（形容词）
定语
修饰名词
或代词
被修饰词前 / 后
形容词、分词、名
词、代词、不定式、
动名词、介词短语
a beautiful city（形容词）
developing country（现在分
词）a book about history（介
词短语）
状语
修饰动
词、形容
词、副词
或全句
句首 / 句中 / 句末
副词、介词短语、不
定式、分词、名词、
从句
He lives in Beijing.（地点状
语，介词短语）Work hard to
pass the exam.（目的状语，
不定式）If it rains, we'll stay.
（条件状语从句）
同位语
对名词 /
代词进行
补充说明
被说明词后
名词、代词
We students should study hard.
（students 是 we 的同位
语）We all are here.（all 是
we 的同位语）
3. 独立成分简表
类型
定义
示例
感叹语
表达突然情感，可在句首 / 中 / 末
Oh! What a surprise!Look! Here comes
the bus.
呼语
对听话人的称呼
Madam, can I help you?Waiter, a cup of
tea.
插入语
说明句子表达方式，可插入 / 后置
The boy, I think, is from China.To be
honest, I don't agree.
句子成分口诀：
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
11．As kids want to see Las Vegas and all (it) many attractions, we are going to spend our summer
holiday there this year.
12．After working for several weeks, she felt completely burned and needed a break.
13．He had to that it was not easy to gain to the Buckingham Palace. (admit)
14．Frankly (speak), I think your pronunciation should be improved.
15．This is a fine book: a worthy (add) to the series.
16．We use “ ” (elder ) as a polite way of saying that someone is old.
17．My parents will move back into town in a year or .
18．She started the Ladybug Foundation, a(n) (organ) aiming at getting rid of
homelessness.
19．All the passengers were more less wounded in the accident that happened in the highway.
20．How you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were
invented?
21．We live (rough) halfway between here and the coast.
22． (conclude), we have full confidence in an even brighter future of Asia. Let’s work together to make
it a reality.
23．The career you have defines your life, so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for
young people.
24．The river floods every winter, and this year was exception.
25．Though she comes from a big city, she still keeps the tradition of working hard.
26．Sarah, a (represent) of the marketing department, will host the meeting.
27．The horse, resting or on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration. (用适当的的词填空)
28．The Chinese knot, a very beautiful Chinese (decorate), is usually hung in the sitting room of our
home.
29．Personally (speak), listening to books should only serve as an aid to our study.
30．How do you (evaluate) your boss?
核心考点梳理：句子类型
模块三
句子结构类型
结构公式
核心说明
例句
主谓
主语＋谓语（SV）
谓语为不及物动词，无
需接宾语即可表达完整意义
The door closed. The sun was
shining.
主谓宾
主语＋谓语＋
宾语（SVO）
谓语为及物动词或短语
动词，必须接宾语
We teach English. Who knows
the man?
主系表
主语＋连系动
词＋表语（SVP）
谓语为系动词，表语说
明主语特征或状态
This is an English-Chinese
dictionary. The flower smells sweet.
主谓宾宾
主语＋谓语＋
间接宾语＋直接宾
语（SVOO）
谓语带双宾语，间接宾
语指人，直接宾语指物，可
转换为 “谓＋直宾＋to/for
＋间宾”
Mr. Smith lent me his car.
（=Mr. Smith lent his car to me.）
主谓宾补
主语＋谓语＋
宾语＋宾语补语
（SVOC）
谓语为可带复合宾语的
及物动词，宾语与补语存在
逻辑主谓 / 主表关系
The news made us surprised.
We saw him out.
主谓状
主语＋谓语＋
状语（SVA）
谓语为不及物动词，必
须带状语才能使结构完整、
意义明确
They lived in Beijing. The girl
disappeared in the distance.
主谓宾状
主语＋谓语＋
宾语＋状语
（SVOA）
谓语为及物动词，需接
宾语且宾语后必须带状语
She covered her face with her
hands. She put all the books on the
desk.
存现句
there＋be / 不
及物动词＋主语
there 为引导词无实
义，谓语动词与就近主语保
持单复数一致
There is a small pool at the foot
of the mountain. There lived a
temple on the hill.
31．“I bought a new computer.” 属于以下哪种句子结构?______
A．SVOC (主谓宾宾补)
B．SVO(主谓宾)
C．SP(主系表)
D．SV(主谓)
32．句子 “My sister told me a long story.”中，a long story 是什么句子成分?
A．主语
B．直接宾语
C．宾语补足语
D．状语
33．Finishing my homework in one hour is now a thing of the past.
A．SVO
B．SV
C．SVP
D．SVOiOd
34．The universe is getting larger at an exceedingly high speed.
A．SV
B．SVO
C．SVP
D．SVOCo
35．Which of the sentences follows the same structure with “My brothers are all college students”?
A．The school adviser helped me choose suitable subjects.
B．Mr. Wang used to teach himself Japanese.
C．His goal is to look after homeless children.
D．He is looking for problems on his broken car.
36．句子成分分析正确的一项是：（ ）
He bought me some interesting English novels.
A．S＋V＋O+ A
B．S＋V＋DO+ IO
C．S＋V＋IO+ DO
D．S+V+O+C
37．Our school football team achieved an unbelievable success because of their persistence. ( )
A．S+V+A+O
B．S+V+O+A
C．S+C+O+A
D．S+V+P+A
38．I found an old man walking his dog in the park all the afternoon. ( )
A．S＋V＋O＋P＋A
B．S＋V＋O＋A＋C
C．S＋V＋O＋C＋A
D．S＋V＋P+O＋A
39．The sentence structure of “He lent me a book.” is ________
A．S+V+O
B．S+V+IO+DO
C．S+V+O+OC
D．S+V+P
40．Her father handed her a letter.
A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+IO+DO
C．SVC
D．SVP
41．Weather matters a great deal.
A．SVP
B．SVO
C．SVOA
D．SVA
42．Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of“主+谓+宾+状”?
A．I find it impossible to finish the task in time.
B．They are talking about the film at the meeting.
C．We have realized the importance of English.
D．I will tell my friends this exciting news.
43．“I drank a cup of coffee before I left for school this morning.”该句所属句子基本类型“________”。
A．主语+谓语+宾语+状语
B．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
C．主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
D．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
44．One of the most important things we must do is to make sure that children who are affected by the disease
receive the help and care that they need.
A．主 谓 表
B．主 谓 宾
C．主 谓 宾 宾补
D．主 谓 宾 宾
45．Yesterday, I saw Mr. Green leave the building with a book in hand.
A．SVP
B．SVOiOd
C．SVOCo
D．SVO
46．The boss offered me a job.这句话的结构是_______.
A．主+谓+宾
B．主+谓+间宾+直宾C．主+谓+直宾+间宾D．主系表
47．I didn’t understand the meaning of his words.这句话的结构是_______
A．主+谓+宾+宾补
B．主+谓+宾
C．主+谓+间宾+直宾
D．主+系+表
48．The boss offered me a job. The structure of this sentence is “___________”.
A．S+V+P
B．S+V+IO+DO
C．S+V+O
D．S+V
49．I painted the wall white.
A．SVO
B．SVP
C．S+V+DO+OC
D．S+V+IO+DO
50．Which one of the following sentences uses the sentence structure of “主+谓+宾+状”?
A．I find it impossible to finish the task in time. B．They are talking about the film at the meeting.
C．We have realized the importance of English.
D．I will tell my friends to protect the trees
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever cooked rice for your parents? For many Chinese, a meal is simply incomplete 1
rice. Cooking rice does not seem that 2 (complication). There are many ways through which you can
cook rice. You can do so with the help of the rice cooker.
Rice comes in different 3 (variety). Although the same rule of cooking applies to all types of rice
grains, there are certain differences, particularly in the very amount of water 4 is needed to get the
grains cooked.
You can add as many cups of rice as you need for your meal. First, you should wash the rice, for those
impurities are required 5 (remove). Then add water. And 6 a general rule, you need to add
one and a half cups of water for every cup of rice. However, this measurement 7 (differ) basing on the
types of grains.
Use a rice cooker to cook the rice. Cover 8 cooking pot and place it in the rice cooker. Plug the
cooker, switch it on and leave the rice to cook. Don’t remove the lid ( 盖子) to prevent the steam 9
(escape) the pot. The rice cooker will 10 (automatic) turn itself off once the temperature in the pot goes
当堂检测
模块四
beyond boiling point. You can add salt and other grains to rice to enhance its flavor.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Back in the Ming and Qing dynasties, most families in Huangyao were quite wealthy from merchant
businesses, so they attached importance 1 town and housing fortification (防御), with the purpose of
defending 2 (they) against enemy attackers and burglars. As a result, the town has a clever design,
equipped with superb defensive features.
There are four main gates to the town and street gates to each street. The eight streets are linked to the main
street, 3 were all built with T-intersections rather than intersections, developing a maze-like system. The
East Gate Tower, 4 (date) back to the early Qing Dynasty, is the best preserved and most secure gate
tower in Huangyao. 5 (design) with openings for looking out, the tower acted as a defensive structure,
while the Yaojiang River served as a moat (护城河).
The design of traditional local residential complexes also shows a strong awareness of defense. A typical
aspect of this philosophy is 6 families in the same clan (家族) tended to build their houses around 7
ancestral hall, so that they were close enough 8 (care) for and support each other.
The Guo’s Residence is one of the best-preserved residential complexes in Huangyao. Covering an area of
over 500 square meters, it is a typical courtyard-style dwelling. The residence 9 (main) consists of a
front hall, a courtyard, a main hall and several bedrooms. In the past, a plaque (牌匾) 10 (present) by
the imperial court during the reign of Daoguang Emperor in the Qing Dynasty, applauding the Guo family’s
harmonious family environment. This plaque still remains in the complex.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A traditional Chinese cultural exhibition at the City Art Gallery is showcasing works inspired by Chinese
shadow puppetry (皮影戏) , 1 has a history of over 2,000 years in China.
Chinese shadow puppetry is one of 2 most ancient forms of storytelling through visual art. The
vivid images of characters and the stories they tell reflect the wisdom and values of Chinese folk culture,
according to Lin Hua, the curator (馆长) of the exhibition.
“The exhibition combines shadow puppetry culture, modern technology and contemporary art,” says Lin.
“We hope 3 (show) the charm of this traditional art in a new way, and start conversations with modern
art forms like installation art, multimedia art and pop art.”
“In a shadow puppetry performance, each movement of the puppets is carefully designed. The performers
use their skills to guide the puppets, leading the audience into a world 4 (fill) with myths and legends,”
explains Chen Lei, a shadow puppetry performer participating in the exhibition.
“The performers’ emotions 5 (convey) through the puppets’ actions, and their understanding of
the stories is presented to the audience,” she adds. “A skilled performer always 6 (try) to make the
performance touching, not just by the skills, 7 also by the deep connection with the story.”
Lin says that the unique shapes of the shadow puppets, the beauty in the 8 (careful) arranged
storylines, and the cultural meanings behind each character inspired artists to create paintings, sculptures, 9
digital artworks for the exhibition. These works aim to let more people appreciate the charm of Chinese shadow
puppetry in the context of modern art, 10 (bridge) the gap between tradition and modernity.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you heard about the tiger who went to the dentist? It may sound like a joke, but tigers need dental
care just as a human 1 (do), because their sharp teeth are vital for catching animals and eating. If a tiger
has tooth trouble, it’s a serious problem, and that’s 2 the tiger went to the dentist.
A big cat with bad teeth is often visited either by a doctor in the animal shelter 3 by a tiger
dentist in the wildlife park. In May 2021, dentists were called 4 (assist) Skah, a 190-kilogram Bengal
tiger at Lincolnshire Wildlife Park, with a 5 (damage) tooth. A root canal surgery was performed by 14
medical 6 (professional), who removed the infection and fitted a filling in the operation that lasted over
four hours and 7 (present) online. Barron Hall, an animal dentist at the National Zoo in Washington,
D．C．, explained that the job wasn’t as scary as it might sound. “I am more concerned about the tiger not
waking up 8 her doing any type of damage to me.”
With the populations of tigers in the wild still 9 (drop) due to climate change and habitat loss, the
success of breeding (饲养) programs, where tiger dentists play a vital role in 10 (protect) for the tigers
from extinction, is crucial.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As China’s global influence grows, so does interest in 1 (it) rich traditions — including the
culture of tea, which carries stories, values, and philosophies 2 (pass) down for generations.
The experience of drinking Chinese tea abroad is not only about flavor; it also offers a sense of calm and
3 (connect). It is this emotional and cultural depth 4 makes tea different from many other global
beverages. One major government-backed program aims to introduce traditional tea culture to the world. Events
under this initiative have been held in more than 30 countries, each 5 (feature) ceremonies, lectures, and
tastings.
At a 2023 event in Berlin, the Chinese tea master’s graceful movements deeply impressed the audience,
many of 6 had never seen such a ceremony before. Since then, the project 7 (function) as a
reminder for many young Chinese people of the value of their heritage. As a result, domestic interest in tea studies
has grown in recent years, 8 (especial) among university students.
Tea, like music or art, is something that can even 9 (share) without translation. Villages in
Yunnan and Fujian, are now welcoming travelers eager to learn about tea. These places, gradually, are being rid
10 outdated labels, as tea brings them both pride and prosperity.
