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高考英语专题复习
专题七 英语写作
目 录
01.概要写作.......................................................................................3
1.专题分析....................................................................................3
2.写作步骤....................................................................................3
3.评分参考....................................................................................3
4.注意事项....................................................................................4
5.典型分析....................................................................................4
02.应用文写作概述...........................................................................7
1.写作标准....................................................................................7
2.4 个要素.....................................................................................7
3.6 个“好”.................................................................................7
4.写作流程....................................................................................8
5.常用连接词（通用）................................................................8
03.邀请信...........................................................................................9
1.写作要点....................................................................................9
2.常用表达....................................................................................9
3.典型分析..................................................................................10
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04.申请信.........................................................................................11
1.写作要点..................................................................................11
2.常用表达..................................................................................11
3.典型分析..................................................................................12
05.介绍信.........................................................................................13
1.写作要点..................................................................................13
2.常用表达..................................................................................14
3.典型分析..................................................................................14
06.感谢信.........................................................................................16
1.写作要点..................................................................................16
2.常用表达..................................................................................16
3.典型分析..................................................................................17
07.道歉信.........................................................................................18
1.写作要点..................................................................................18
2.常用表达..................................................................................18
3.典型分析..................................................................................19
08.口头通知.....................................................................................20
1.写作要点..................................................................................20
2.常用表达..................................................................................21
3.典型示例.............................................................................21
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01.概要写作
1.专题分析
◆原文材料350 词以内，概要写作60 词左右。
◆原文基本以说明文、议论文为主。
◆概要基本上就是段落大意。每段一句话最多用两句话概括，
或者两段一个大意。
◆要着重训练文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
2.写作步骤
读懂原文掌握大意→找主题句列出要点→组织语言转换表达
→读懂原文掌握大意
3.评分参考
①对原文要点的理解和呈现情况
②应用语法结构和词汇的准确性
③上下文的连贯性
④对各要点表达的独立性情况
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4.注意事项
◆要点齐全，各要点之间要有适当的衔接。
◆精练简洁。句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、
笼统、含混之词。
◆尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。
◆多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
5.典型分析
Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people ，is a good
thing.
However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin
was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that
washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills
in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，
the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did
the King of England in1546.Thus began a long time when the rich
and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV，
King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman
had taken a bath ，the King ordered that ，to avoid the attack of
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disease，the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit（好处）of dirt was long lived，
dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the
18 century.Scientifically speaking ，cleaning away dirt is good to
health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of
preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have
moved beyond science since World WarⅡ.Advertisements repeatedly
sell the idea:Clothes need to be whiter than white ，cloths ever
softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too
far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first time
parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which
might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary ，
Mary
Ruebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家），encourages
children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And
the latter（后者）position is gaining some ground.
范文：
People have mixed opinions about dirt on our skin （要点
1）.For a long time in history，people of some European countries
believed that dirt protected people from getting ill （要点
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2）.However，people began to change their attitudes towards dirt
about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our
body can keep us healthy（要点3）.Yet，some scientists believe
that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system（要点4）
范文点拨
（1）要点分析
文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点，再结
合下文谈到的主题可知范文中的要点1 概括非常精练。
第二段主要谈到了直到18 世纪之前，人们都认为dirt 是很
“友好的”，有助于预防疾病。范文中的要点2 很好地总结了
这些要点。
第三段用“Though”引出人观点的转变，从后文中可得出要
点3。
最后一段第一句指出，现在人们对于dirt 的态度还是有所不
同，“On the contrary”引出专家的不同观点，范文中的要点4 表
达很恰当。
（2）要点连接
文章概要在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这些要
点用适当的连接词进行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。本篇
文章整篇结构是总分结构，要点2 和要点3 在观点上截然相反，
因此，两者之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用“However”恰
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到好处。要点3 和要点4 在观点上又存在不同，因此，范文用
了连接词“Yet”。
02.应用文写作概述
1.写作标准
评价要点：内容完整，条理清楚，交际得体，语言表达准确，
简洁明了
写作特点：开门见山，简明扼要，交际得体，充分体现语言
的精炼
2.4 个要素
◆开头、结尾的功能句；
◆段与段之间，句与句之间的过渡语；
◆必要的细节拓展；
◆语言的得体性和地道性。
3.6 个“好”
◆卷面整洁——好印象
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◆明确分段——好形式
◆要点全面——好给分
◆虎头凤尾——好内容
◆巧用连接——好逻辑
◆好词好句——好语言
4.写作流程
确定文体，主要时态，人称→列要点关键词→列主要句型→
检查拼写、语法错误
5.常用连接词（通用）
◆表示时间顺序：first，then，afterwards，meanwhile，later，
first of all，finally，at last...
◆表示空间顺序：near，next to，far from，in front of，on the
left，on one side.….
◆表示比较、对照：like，unlike，such as，but，however，on
the other hand，on the contrary，nevertheless，otherwise...
◆表示因果关系：because ，for ，as a result ，therefore ，
thus.….
◆表示递进关系：besides，what's more，what was worse，
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moreover，furthermore，in addition，on top of..
◆表示并列关系：and，as well as，also..
◆表示总结性：in general ，in a word ，in short ，on the
whole，to sum up，in brief，to conclude..
03.邀请信
1.写作要点
（1）开门见山，发出邀请
（2）具体安排，注意事项
（3）期待参加，期待回复
2.常用表达
开头
We would feel much honored if you could come and enjoy it.
◆
◆I'm now writing on behalf of the classmates to invite you to
come and attend it，if you can spare the time.
I am writing to invite you to...
◆
I would like to see your presence..
◆
I think it would be a good idea if you could participate in...
◆
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I wonder if you could come.
◆
结尾
We do hope that you could...
◆
I'm sure that you'l
◆
l have a good time staying with us.
I believe that this will be an unforgettable experience for you
◆
to..'m sincerely hoping that you will come to enjoy it.
I would like to meet you there and please let me know your
◆
decision.
Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can
◆
come?
3.典型分析
请你给外籍老师David Hill 写一封信，内容包括：
1.11 月14 日（星期五）下午4:00——5:30 举行一场英语演讲
比赛；
2.3:45 之前到达306 教室；
3.期待他能应邀前来，并为占用他的休息时间表达歉意。
范文
Dear Mr.Hill，
It's my honor to invite you to join us in our“English Speech
Contest"as a judge.In order to improve our spoken English ，our
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class intends to hold an English Speech Contest next Friday on
November 14th.As you have been our English teacher for two years
as a native speaker ，we firmly believe that you give us many
essential suggestions on spoken English.We sincerely hope that we
can enjoy your presence.The contest starting at 4:00 p.m.will last for
one and a half hour till 5:30 p.m.Is it suitable for you to come to
Classroom 306 at around 3:45 p.m.?We are sorry for taking up your
rest time and eager for your coming.
We are looking forward to meeting you in the contest.
Kind regards，
Anthony
04.申请信
1.写作要点
（1）开门见山，说明写信目的；
（2）详述有关背景资料：自我介绍、优势、兴趣爱好，添
加适当细节拓展或例证；
（3）希望尽快得到答复，表示感谢。
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2.常用表达
开头
I am writing to apply for the post of...advertised in...
◆
I would like to apply for admission to your college.
◆
Upon reading the advertisement
◆
，I'm fascinated by the post，
so I'm writing to apply for the position.
I'm glad to learn the news from the newspaper that The ad is
◆
really very appealing to me，so，I'm writing to you in the hope of...
结尾
I would appreciate it if my application were taken into
◆
consideration.
I sincerely hope that I can be granted the great opportunity.
◆
I'll be willing to send you any further information if you
◆
consider my request.
Your early reply will be greatly appreciated.
◆
3.典型分析
假设你是红星中学学生李华，你得知故宫正在招聘暑期义务
英文讲解员，请你给相关部分负责人写一封申请信，内容包括
1.介绍你的基本信息；
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2.说明你的优势；
3.表示你希望被录用。
范文
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am writing to apply for the position of English voluntary guide
at the Forbidden City in summer.
My name is Li Hua.I am a Senior 3 student in Hongxing High
School.
There are several advantages that I possess.To start with，I am
luent in English，which allows me to explain the glorious history of
the Forbidden City to foreign visitors.Besides ，I am an eager
learner of Chinese history and the top of my history
class.Therefore ，I have a basic knowledge of the history of the
Forbidden City and keen interest in learning more about it.Apart
from these qualifications，I am also an out-going girl.I am sure that
I will get along well with visitors.
1 would be most obliged if you could give me this golden
opportunity to share the beauty of Chinese culture and history with
foreign visitors.
Thank you for your time and consideration.I am looking for
forward to your reply.
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Sincerely，
Li Hua
05.介绍信
1.写作要点
（1）开门见山写明目的；
（2）具体活动安排及理由；
（3）征求对方意见、期盼回复；
2.常用表达
开头
I'm happy/glad/excited/pleased/in high spirit/cheerful/delighted
◆
to learn that...
It is my great honor to arrange.….
◆
I would like/be going to tell you something about the
◆
arrangement/schedule/plan/itinerary.
Our arrangements are as follows
◆
结尾
I believe through this activity you will/can..
◆
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What do you think of the arrangements/plan……?
◆
Here are some suggestion/tips/advice/which I hope will be of
◆
some help to you.
3.典型分析
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim 想了解
中国人起名字的习惯，并请你帮他起一个中文名字。请给他写
封信，内容包括：
1.介绍中国人起名字的习惯；
2.给他起一个中文名字；
3.说明起此名字的理由。
范文
Dear Jim，
I am glad to tell you something about the Chinese naming
practice. Unlike your tradition ，the family name in China is put
first，followed by the given name.The given name usually contains
one or two Chinese characters.Chinese people often name a baby
with their best wishes in mind，like wishes for good health，bright
future and happiness.Some names imply the birth time ，birth
place ，weather or even a natural phenomenon at the time of the
baby's birth.In terms of choosing the characters，parents still need
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to consider how they sound when combined into a name.They
definitely wouldn't want their child to be teased or given a bad
nickname because of the pronunciation.
As for your Chinese name，how about“吉祥（Ji Xiang）”?
The first character has a similar pronunciation to your name Jim，
and both of the characters mean"good luck".You can imagine
it:whenever someone calls you"Ji Xiang” ，it's like he or she is
wishing you good luck.I hope you'l love this Chinese name.
Yours，
Li Hua
06.感谢信
1.写作要点
（1）寒暄一句暖个场；
（2）感谢原因重细节；
（3）礼尚往来加邀请；
（4）语气真诚表祝愿。
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2.常用表达
How to Say Thanks
Many thanks for your kind and warm help.
◆
My true gratitude is beyond any words description.
◆
Please accept my thanks
◆
，now and always.
I'm sincerely grateful for all your help in doing with sth.
◆
Your note of congratulations is deeply appreciated.
◆
Thank you for doing so much to make my trip interesting.
◆
Thank you for your kindness to have done me a favor.
◆
On behalf of my whole family
◆
，I could like to extend my
sincere gratitude for...
3.典型分析
假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的班长李华，你们班的外教
Lisa 已经结束本学期的教学工作回到美国，请代表你们班给她
写一封邮件。邮件的内容包括：
1.询问她的近况；
2.回顾在外教课上的收获；
3.表达对她的感谢和祝福。
范文
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Dear Lisa，
How are you doing recently?I am Li Hua ，from HongXing
Middle School Class 1 Senior 3 ，writing on behalf of my whole
class to express our sincere ove and appreciation to you.Hope
everything is going on well with you.
In the past semester we were lucky to have you as our teacher.I
can still remember you telling jokes and having fun with us.The
laughter once filled the room still rings in my head.I remember you
introducing American Literature to us with great passion and even
sparks shining in your eyes.With all of us deeply sunk n this
marvelous unknown world，you would always wink your eyes and
smile contently.
Your enthusiasm has served to leave us with a long lasting love
towards not only English but also our life.We really appreciate your
love and all the devotion that you’re put into teaching us.We hope
you'll continue to live a happy and colorful life in America.
Yours，
LiHua
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07.道歉信
1.写作要点
（1）开门见山表歉意；
（2）解释原委要合理；
（3）补救方案紧跟上；
（4）二次道歉带祝愿；
（5）语气真诚别敷衍。
2.常用表达
I'm writing to tell you that I can't go with you on a tour to the
◆
Summer Palace this weekend ，though I promised to.I'm terribly
sorry for that.I hope you can understand.
I am afraid that I have to ask you to put off our visit to...I eel
◆
sorry about it and I'm writing to tell you what it was all about...
I am writing this letter to make an apology because...
◆
I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of...
◆
Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting
◆
afterwards?
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If so
◆
，please don't hesitate to drop me a call about your
preferable date.
Therefore
◆
，I do hope that we fix it at some other time，when it
will be convenient for both of us.
I know that you are expecting this trip with me but I'm sorry
◆
that I can't make it this time，and I am looking forward to setting
another time with you.
3.典型分析
你给英国朋友Chris 写一封信，内容包括：
1.你们原计划7 月份一同去云南旅游；
2.由于脚部受伤，你无法按原计划前往；
3.表达你的歉意并建议将旅行推迟到8 月份.
范文
Dear Chris
I'm writing to apologize for not attending the English writing
exam last Friday.I would not have been absent if I had not been in
such a bad condition.
Last Thursday night I suffered from an intense headache，which
made it possible for me to go to school the next day to take the exam
as scheduled.Besides，I wasn't able to contact you then for I didn't
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have your phone number.I am sincerely sorry for not informing you
of my absence beforehand.
I've been taking some medicine and am feeling much better now.I
would like to know if it would be convenient for you to arrange
another time for me to take the exam.And I would be perfectly
happy to accept any other solutions you might come up with.
Again ，I apologize for taking up your time and I'm looking
forward to your reply.
Yours，
Joe
08.口头通知
1.写作要点
（1）通知的背景或原由；
（2）相关事宜与安排，以及其发生的时间、地点和相关人
员；
（3）注意事项与相关要求，如请勿迟到、早退或缺席等。
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2.常用表达
（1）May I have your attention，please?
（2）Attention please，everyone，I have an announcement to
make.
（3）Be quite.There is something important I have to tell you.
（4）Everyone is asked to be here on time.
（5）Please be present on time.
（6）Please take your notebooks with you and be sure on time.
（7）Those who are interested in it are warmly welcome.
3.典型示例
假如你是校学生会主席。新年即将到来，为了帮助你校的外
国留学生更好地了解中国文化，学生会将为他们举办一个新年
晚会。请你根据以下提示，用英语向他们发出口头通知。
时间：下周五6:00-8:00
地点：教学楼101 室
内容：1.唱中国歌2.比赛用筷子3.学习包饺子
范文
Good afternoon，everyone.May I have you attention ，please?
I'm the president of the Student Union and Pm here to announce that
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there is going to be a New Year Party held by the Student Union next
Friday evening，from 6 to 8，at Room 101 in the teaching building.
Since the Chinese New Year is approaching ，we consider it a
good chance for you to learn about Chinese culture.You will learn
some Chinese songs at the party，and maybe you can pick up some
Chinese at the same time.A competition of using chopsticks may
also attract your attention ，as it is a skill many foreigners have
difficulty learning after being in China for many years.What's
more ，there will also be an activity for you to learn to make
dumplings.
We sincerely welcome all of you to join us.Please be present on
time.Hope you will have fun.
Thank you for your attention.
