猜押阅读理解之说明文（按话题分类）（学生版）_英语(2)_专项复习_2025年_2025年高考英语抢分秘籍（新高考专用）_2025版

猜押 阅读理解说明文
猜
押
3年真题 词数 话题 考情分析 押题依据
考
点
2024年新高考 C ： C 篇纸质阅读与数字阅 高考说明文体裁
Ⅰ卷阅读CD篇 351 读、音频和视频学习方式的差 的阅读材料通常
多为科普读物(包
D ：
异和效果；D篇数字生物多样
括 介 绍 最 新 科
370 性记录存在偏见 2024 年新高
技 、 重 大 成 就
考阅读理解说明
等)、自然现象和
C 篇介绍了巴比伦微农场
文特点。
C ： 新产品、新工艺
2024年新高考 （BMF）的一些主要优势；D
268 英语阅读理 介绍以及人文地
Ⅱ卷阅读CD篇 篇介绍了 Catriona Campbell 所
解 试 题 总 是 在 理、风土人情等
D ： 著 AI by Design: A Plan for
CD 篇设置思维 等。说明文的总
319 Living with Artificial Intelligence 体结构通常分为
能力较强的自然
一书
三个部分：说明
科学和社会科学
C ： 方面的文章，试 对象、说明过程
2023年新高考I
318 C 篇倡导简单的数字生活方 题循着“了解现 和归纳总结。
阅 卷阅读CD篇
式；D篇“群体智慧”效应 状—聚焦问题—
读 D ：
分析原因—提出
理 337
建议”的逻辑进
解
C ： 行设计，考查学
说 2023年新高考 326 C篇介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对 生对每个环节关
明 Ⅱ卷阅读CD篇 人类的重要意义；D篇保护城 键内容的准确理
文 D ：
市中的野生自然 解，引导学生培
318
养 科 学 探 究 精
神，提升发现问
B ： B篇常生活中的食物浪费现象
题、分析问题、
339 以及华盛顿 DC中央厨房的首
2022年新高考I 解 决 问 题 的 能
席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费
卷阅读BCD篇 C ： 力。鲜明地彰显
而采取的努力；C篇改善老年
293 了命题人旨在培
人的健康状况的项目；D篇饮
养新一代青年学
D ： 食的改变导致了现在在世界上
子独立思考、理
335 一半的语言中发现了新的语音
性判断的教育导
C ： 向。
2022年新高考
C篇开车时使用手机造成“分
282
Ⅱ卷阅读CD篇
神”，引发交通事故的问题；
D ： D篇锻炼对于心脏的好处
348押题预测目录
一、原理和效应类 六、体育与健康类
二、人工智能类 七、发明与创造类
三、环境保护类 八、宇宙探索类
四、社会生活类 九、教育类
五、科普、研究报告类 十、语言研究类
一、原理和效应类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
316 “口红效 说明文 细节理 原理与效应类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题
应”以及引 解、推理 型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩
起“口红效 判断、词
的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，例如：
应”的心理 义猜测。
高考考过棉花糖效应、群体智慧效应等。
动机
The “lipstick effect” refers to the idea that women purchase more lipsticks when the economy is in bad
shape. A 2020 study published by the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics investigated the
spending habits of women aging 18-40 during the 2007 recession (衰退). They found a rise in make-up purchases
during the years when money was the tightest. There are a few theories that try to explain this seemingly
impractical trend.
In a 2021 article published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, researchers theorized that
the “lipstick effect” was a result of evolutionary mating psychology. “The lipstick effect reflects a strategic shift in
women’s consumer behavior that is guided by the desire to attract the mates they most desire in an environment
where they are rare,” the researchers concluded.
Though this paper is frequently cited, a 2020 study published in the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental
Economics suggested that the women who contributed to the increase in cosmetic purchases included an even
mixture of married and single women, employed and unemployed.
It turns out, the most popular lipstick color for women to buy is contrary to what men find the most
bewitching. That said, there are various potential reasons why lipstick purchases increase when the economy is
down, and they have nothing to do with mating and the male stare.
“Perhaps people simply trade down to cheaper luxury and feel-good purchases when money gets tight,”
consumer psychologist at the University of the Arts, London, Dr. Paul Marsden, told Byrdie. This is a great
assumption, considering a survey conducted by Ebates.com found that 51.8% of adult Americans purchase
products when they are seeking to improve their mood.However, there has yet to be any conclusive evidence explaining the “lipstick effect”. Whether it’s lipstick,
single-use facials, or a new book, purchasing low-cost luxury items can be a pick-me-up in the face of tough times.
1．What can we know from the 2021 article?
A．It did not observe single women’s behavior.
B．It showed no respect for female consumers.
C．It narrowed women’s consumption motives.
D．It just paid attention to cosmetic markets.
2．What does the underlined word “bewitching” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Economical. B．Inviting. C．Shocking. D．Luxurious.
3．What does the “lipstick effect” mainly discuss?
A．Shifts of marketing strategies in recessions.
B．Consumption psychology of young adults.
C．Causes of females’ low purchasing power.
D．Preference of buying affordable products.
4．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A．People in bad economic times try to lift spirits.
B．Paul Marsden offered a conclusive explanation.
C．Ebates.com’s finding contradicted Paul Marsden’s view.
D．Over half of Americans suffer from economic recession.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
319 曝光效应 说明文 细节理 原理与效应类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题
解、推理 型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩
判断。
的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，例如：
高考考过棉花糖效应、群体智慧效应等。
Some people think they are immune to ads. They might not have heard of the mere exposure effect — a
psychological phenomenon where we tend to like things the more we are exposed to them.
When we plot the mere exposure effect on a graph with preferences on one axis (轴) and repetitions on the
other, we will see that it takes about 15 repeats for the effect to reach its full potential. If the exposure is too
excessive (过度), people get annoyed. And if they didn't like the thing initially, repeating it can make it worse.
There are two main explanations for the phenomenon. The first is certainty. Our minds naturally learn to be
careful around new things that could potentially harm us. If we see something repeatedly without bad
consequences, we are led to believe it is safe. The second is perceptual fluency. We are also hardwired to prefersimple things that take little mental load. Difficult tasks like figuring out something new take lots of attention and
time, which is why we try to avoid them.
Known for discovering the effect was psychologist Robert Zajonc, who tested how subjects responded to
specific symbols. A group of people were shown a series of random shapes which changed so quickly that it was
impossible to notice that some were repeated. When the subjects were asked which shapes they found most
pleasing, they chose those to which they had been exposed the most often, even though they had no conscious
awareness of that.
The results showed that changes in preferences caused by repeated exposures depend not on any prior
subjective and conscious evaluations of the stimulus but rather on results from the objective history of exposures
alone.
Now tell us what you think about ads. If mere exposure to them makes us like things we otherwise wouldn't,
should billboards (广告牌) be banned from the public area?
1．Which of the following graphs best illustrates the mere exposure effect?
A． B．
C． D．
2．According to Zajonc's experiment, what drives changes in preferences?
A．Random variation. B．Objective analysis.
C．Subjective judgment. D．Subconscious familiarity.
3．Which promotional activity shows the application of the mere exposure effect?
A．A novelist organizes a book signing event.
B．A game studio develops a challenging mode.C．A singer buys hot recommendations on a music app.
D．A fashion brand reintroduces certain classic designs.
4．Why does the author mention ads at the end of the text?
A．To criticize fake advertising. B．To oppose outdoor advertising.
C．To point out the drawbacks of ads. D．To caution against the influence of ads.
【变式1】
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
346 Zeigarnik效 说明文 细节理 原理与效应类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题
应 解、主旨 型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩
大意、词
的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，例如：
义猜测。
高考考过棉花糖效应、群体智慧效应等。
Your own experience of revising for exams might tell you that sessions of uninterrupted concentration can
help you to better remember key pieces of information. Indeed, many students will engage in intensive revision just
before a test — in the belief that essential subject facts and figures will be memorized ready for exam day.
However, this commonly held wisdom has been contradicted by an observation made in a psychological
study. Now known as the Zeigarnik effect, it was found that interruption during a task that requires focus can in fact
improve a person’s ability to remember it afterwards.
The psychologist Bluma Zeigarmik observed the effect of interruption on memory processing in 1927. In the
experiment, she asked each participant to complete a series of separate tasks, such as solving a puzzle or
assembling a flat-pack box. During around half of the assignments, participants were subtly interrupted by the
experiment supervisor, while during the remaining tasks, they were allowed time to complete them uninterrupted.
Following the experiment, Zeigarnik interviewed each participant, asking them to recall details of each task that
they had attempted.
Zeigarnik’s initial findings revealed that participants were able to recall details of interrupted tasks around
90% better than those who had been able to complete undisturbed. These results suggest that a desire to complete a
task can cause it to be retained in a person’s memory until it has been completed, and that the finality of its
completion enables the process of forgetting it to take place.
One way of employing the Zeigarnik effect when attempting to memorize a detailed piece of information,
such as a long phone number, or when revising a subject, might be to avoid trying to remember it in its entirety in
one sitting. Take a look at the information, familiarize yourself with it, then “interrupt yourself” — look away from
where it is written for a few moments and think of something else, before returning a few more times to rememberchunks of the number. Finally, piece these chunks together and attempt to recall the number in its entirety.
1．What does the underlined phrase “this commonly held wisdom” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Remembering essential subject facts guarantees success in exams.
B．Interruption on memory processing generates unexpected results.
C．Uninterrupted concentration contributes to effective revision.
D．Revision with full concentration boosts long-term memory.
2．How did Zeigarnik measure the effect of interruption on participants’ memory?
A．By conducting brain scans. B．By rating participants’ memory.
C．By enquiring about task details. D．By observing physical reactions.
3．Which strategy should be used to avoid forgetting when revising a subject?
A．Repeated writing and recalling. B．Entire remembering in one sitting.
C．Rapid memorization without breaks. D．Breaks in review and repeating in chunks.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The origin of the Zeigarnik Effect. B．The discovery of the Zeigarnik Effect.
C．The evaluation of the Zeigarnik Effect. D．The application of the Zeigarnik Effect.
【变式2】
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
340 本·富兰克 说明文 细节理 原理与效应类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题
林效应 解、推理 型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩
判断、词
的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，例如：
义猜测。
高考考过棉花糖效应、群体智慧效应等。
Here’s a quick quiz. Person A does a favor for you. Person B asks you to do a favor for him. Who do you
tend to like more? Surprisingly, the answer is Person B．This quirk (怪癖) of human nature is known as the Ben
Franklin Effect.
Benjamin Franklin came across the phenomenon in 1736 when serving as a clerk to the Pennsylvania
Assembly. A powerful member didn’t care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him. What to do?
Instead of winning him over with sweet talk, Franklin asked if he could borrow a rare and valuable book the man
owned. This request altered the man’s attitude and paved the way for their friendship. Franklin’s takeaway: “He that
has once done you a kindness will be ready to do you another, than he whom you yourself have obliged.”
Several studies have confirmed this. But how can we explain the Ben Franklin Effect? Some psychologists
refer to cognitive dissonance (失调). It’s difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time. It makes us
uncomfortable. We resolve this tension by changing our mind. “I don’t like Joe, but I am doing him a favor,” wemight think. “So maybe I do like him.”
While cognitive dissonance explains a lot, it alone doesn’t explain the Ben Franklin Effect. One 2015 study
found that it was, rather, the affiliative (亲和的) motive that the requests convey. That is, we humans want to
maintain good relations with other humans, and one way to achieve this is by doing favors for others. This explains
a lot about altruistic behavior. We like being useful and, by extension, we like those who give us the opportunity to
do so. It’s in our genes.
Yet there is much we still don’t know about the Ben Franklin Effect. Does it apply equally across cultures? Is
there a point beyond which asking a favor makes you less, not more likable? Asking to borrow a book is one thing;
asking to borrow a car is another.
1．Why does the author mention Benjamin Franklin’s experience?
A．To illustrate a dilemma in making choices. B．To suggest a way of striking up friendships.
C．To stress the importance of strategic requests. D．To introduce the origin of the Ben Franklin Effect.
2．What is a reason for people’s tendency to like those asking for favors?
A．Reducing the tension caused by social contact.
B．Increasing the chance of getting help in return.
C．Avoiding the discomfort from conflicting thoughts.
D．Establishing a cooperative community of shared trust.
3．What does the underlined word “altruistic” probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Selfless. B．Impolite. C．Aggressive. D．Responsible.
4．What does the author think of the Ben Franklin Effect?
A．It makes little sense. B．It applies to most cultures.
C．It has situational limitations. D．It has great practical significance.
二、人工智能类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
336 人工智能对 说明文 细节理 人工智能作为当今科技发展的前沿领域，其相关话
我们生活的 解、推理 题在英语说明文中具有重要的考察价值。考生应熟
改变以及引 判断、词
悉人工智能的基本概念、应用场景、伦理挑战及未
发的道德困 义猜测。
来发展趋势，并掌握相关的词汇和表达方式。
境
AI Morality (Oxford University Press, 2024), edited by British philosopher David Edmonds, is a collection
of essays exploring how AI will completely change our lives and the moral dilemmas it will set off, painting apicture of the reasons to be cheerful and to worry. In this excerpt (节选), Muriel Leuenberger, a postdoctoral
researcher in the ethics (道德) of technology and AI at the University of Zurich, focuses on this very modern
identity crisis.
An AI that tells you who you are and what you should do is based on the idea that your identity is something
you can discover — information you or an AI may access. But this view misses an important point: we also choose
who we are.
Constantly relying on AI recommendation systems might calcify your identity. By recommending products
and other contents, you become more likely to consume, think, and act in the way the AI system initially considered
suitable for you, gradually influencing you so much that you develop into who it took you to originally be.
This is, however, not a necessary feature of recommendation systems. In theory, they could be designed to
broaden the user’s horizon, instead of maximizing involvement by showing customers what they already like. In
practice, that’s not how they function.
Besides, by giving decisions to AI, you may fail to meet the moral demand to take responsibility for who you
are. This concern weighs particularly heavy when making the most substantial decisions. But even in ordinary cases
like selecting movies, music, books, or news, it would be good to put recommendation systems aside from time to
time, which in turn, calls for research, risk, and self-reflection.
An AI might state a lot of facts about you, but it is your job to find out what they mean to you and how you
let them define you. The same holds for actions. Your actions are not just a way of seeking well-being. Through
your actions, you choose what kind of person you are.
1．What does the collection of essays focus on?
A．Potential benefits and risks of AI. B．Various dominant roles of AI.
C．Recent policies on AI development. D．Individual estimates of AI’s future.
2．What does the underlined word “calcify” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Admit. B．Weaken. C．Remember. D．Reject.
3．What is the recommendation system designed for?
A．Developing users’ broader vision. B．Prioritizing the most ideal choice.
C．Highlighting existing preferences. D．Attracting consumers’ engagement.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To prove the uniqueness of AI. B．To stress the huge influence of AI.
C．To present the confusion brought by AI.D．To advocate independent thinking in AI era.押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
317 介绍了AI与 说明文 细节理 人工智能作为当今科技发展的前沿领域，其相关话
中医结合的 解、推理 题在英语说明文中具有重要的考察价值。考生应熟
项目及其发 判断、主 悉人工智能的基本概念、应用场景、伦理挑战及未
展情况与前 旨大意。
来发展趋势，并掌握相关的词汇和表达方式。
景
Imagine obtaining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) services with just a click on your smartphone. The
tiring hospital trip — often causing long waits and many troubles, especially for the old — can now be done easily
online.
The new program is transforming TCM medical services. Users can now receive a detailed health report in
under 2 minutes simply after shooting a quick photo of their tongue. Developers explain this breakthrough
combines traditional TCM tongue examination methods with modern AI image analysis technology. Within half a
year, the program has served over 30,000 users, with 94% reporting satisfactory outcomes.
The application of AI in TCM holds significant promise for areas with limited medical resources. In distant
regions where access to experienced doctors is rare, AI-assisted tools could improve healthcare quality with their
medical abilities. While AI offers great potential for TCM, accurate diagnosis (诊断) still relies heavily on the
doctors' professional judgment.
Although AI has made progress in TCM, more work is needed due to the lack of standard rules. TCM’s
diverse schools and approaches, developed over thousands of years, often lead to different treatment plans for the
same illness, making it difficult for AI to learn effectively. Additionally, while computers have been used in TCM
since the 1980s, early systems were too simple to handle complex patient conditions with unpredictable symptoms
(症状). To address these issues, China is working on standardizing TCM by establishing 180 national and 30
international standards by 2026, while researchers are developing better TCM-AI tools.
In conclusion, the integration (融合) of AI into TCM will greatly improve healthcare by making TCM more
accessible and efficient. However, as the journey is only beginning, much work remains. With joint efforts from
researchers and practitioners, there is every reason to believe that TCM is expected to not only enhance the quality
of healthcare but also extend its benefits to communities far and wide.
1．What should users do to experience the program’s service?
A．Hand in a health report. B．Examine their whole body.
C．Make changes to their diet. D．Take a photo of their tongue.
2．Which of the following is the program’s advantage?A．Health care for the elderly. B．AI’s assistance in diagnosis.
C．Full replacement of doctors. D．Accurate judgment of illnesses.
3．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．Challenges in the combination. B．Achievements of the program.
C．Technologies behind the program. D．Various schools and ideas of TCM.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the program?
A．Unclear. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
281 介绍了聊天 说明文 细节理 人工智能作为当今科技发展的前沿领域，其相关话
机器人的工 解、推理 题在英语说明文中具有重要的考察价值。考生应熟
作原理和应 判断、主
悉人工智能的基本概念、应用场景、伦理挑战及未
用 旨大意、
来发展趋势，并掌握相关的词汇和表达方式。
词义猜
测。
Even if you haven’t held a conversation with Siri or Alexa, you’ve likely encountered a chatbot online. They
often appear in a chat window that pops up with a friendly greeting: Thank you for visiting our site. How can I help
you today? Depending on the site, the chatbot is programmed to respond accordingly and even ask follow-up
questions.
Chatbots communicate through speech or text. Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine
learning and natural language processing (NLP), which is a branch of artificial intelligence that teaches machines to
read, analyze and interpret human language. This technology gives chatbots a baseline for understanding language
structure and meaning. NLP, in essence, allows the computer to understand what you are asking and how to
appropriately respond.
With developments in deep learning and reinforcement learning, chatbots can interpret more complexities in
language and improve the dynamic nature of conversation between human and machine. Essentially, a chatbot tries
to match what you’ve asked to an intent that it understands. The more a chatbot communicates with you, the more it
understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions. Your positive
responses reinforce its answers, and then it uses those answers again.
From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes, chatbots have started to enter our
lives. In almost every industry, companies are using chatbots to help customers easily navigate their websites,
answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact. Personal assistants like Siri and Alexaare designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios and queries, from current weather and news updates to
personal calendars, music selections and random questions.
1．Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa in Paragraph 1?
A．To give examples of chatbots. B．To show where to find a chatbot.
C．To explain how a chatbot works. D．To compare different chatbots.
2．What is the basis of chatbots?
A．Language study. B．Data transmission.
C．Social interaction. D．Natural language processing.
3．What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Inspire. B．Strengthen.
C．Organize. D．Match.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The future trend of chatbots. B．The author’s predictions.
C．The applications of chatbots. D．The effects of chatbots.
押题4
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
328 人工智能在 说明文 细节理 人工智能作为当今科技发展的前沿领域，其相关话
课堂教学中 解、推理 题在英语说明文中具有重要的考察价值。考生应熟
的应用 判断。
悉人工智能的基本概念、应用场景、伦理挑战及未
来发展趋势，并掌握相关的词汇和表达方式。
Productive artificial intelligence is increasingly making its presence felt in classrooms. It’s not just students
who are turning to AI for help; teachers are also getting involved. Many teachers are now using new AI grading
tools, which offer students speedier feedback and more opportunities to practice. When applied correctly, AI
assistants are believed to bring about benefits and remove prejudice from the evaluation of student work.
Education-oriented (面向教育的) AI startups typically provide grading services mainly in writing-heavy
subjects like English and history, and to some extent in math and science. These AI-based systems generate a score
and offer negative comments on various elements such as topic sentences, persuasive arguments and more.
Teachers have the option to use the AI-generated feedback as a guide or directly pass it on to students.
However, not everyone is convinced that AI is suitable for grading. Some people hold the view that the
technology isn’t reliable enough for vital grading, which can have a significant impact on students’ college
admissions and other life-changing decisions. Critics point out that current AI tools can have shortcomings or be
overly strict in grading. Alex Kotran, co-founder of the AI Education Project, emphasized, “It should not be usedfor grading. It will weaken public trust in the education system.”
To test how these graders function, a 12th-grade English paper from a Wall Street Journal colleague was put
into three different AI tools. The paper, an essay about the oppression (压迫) of Ophelia in Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”
that originally received a 97% in 2013, got various scores. AutoMark gave it 97% at first and later 100%, while
Class Companion rated it 62% and CoGrader judged it 85%. The results were confusing.
In conclusion, AI grading tools offer both opportunities and challenges in the classroom. As AI technology
continues to grow, it will be crucial to strike a balance between getting much of its benefits and preserving the
human touch that is essential for effective teaching and learning.
1．What are the favorable results brought by AI grading tools according to paragraph 1?
A．Faster feedback and more chances to practice.
B．Reduced workload for teachers and increased student activity.
C．Improved student attendance and better classroom management.
D．Enhanced student-teacher interaction and reduced homework.
2．What subjects are primarily targeted by AI companies for grading services?
A．Calculation-core subjects. B．Experiment-centre subjects.
C．Politics-related subjects. D．Article-writing subjects.
3．Why do some people oppose to use AI for critical grading?
A．AI tools are too expensive for schools to afford.
B．AI technology decreases public trust in the education system.
C．AI grading will make teachers lose their jobs.
D．AI tools make students become over-dependent on technology.
4．What can we learn from paragraph 4?
A．AI grading tools function perfectly.
B．AI grading tools should be used with great caution.
C．AI grading tools are reliable in the final assessment.
D．AI grading tools will play a key role in education.
三、环境保护类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
267 介绍为了减 说明文 细节理 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、
少塑料人们 解。 城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问
所采取的行 题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明动 文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们
关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考
试中的热门押题方向。
The development of plastic alternatives has become a significant trend. In Victorian London, Alexander
Parkes invented the first plastic. Now, London-based Notpla is making waves with its seaweed-based material that
decomposes in six weeks, unlike traditional plastics. It’s one of many companies exploring natural polymers(聚合
物) like corn, mushrooms, or agricultural waste. Traceless is producing compostable (可堆肥) cutlery, C&A
uses biodegradable hooks, and IKEA has experimented with mushroom packaging.
The global plastic situation is dire. The OECD reports that this year, around 500m tonnes of plastic will be
produced, with only a fraction recycled or incinerated (焚烧) and the rest ending up in landfills or water bodies.
Plastic production and disposal contribute 3% of global greenhouse-gas emissions, more than aviation (航空). To
address this, the UN is negotiating a binding treaty (条约) to curb (遏制) plastic’s environmental impact, focusing
on recycling, set to take effect next year.
For companies, plastic is mainly used in packaging. Many are taking steps to reduce waste. Coca-Cola
switched Sprite bottles to a more recyclable transparent design. Over 250 companies, including giants like Coca-
Cola, Nestle, Unilever, and Danone, have joined a coalition (联盟) supporting the UN treaty. Since 2018, coalition
companies have reduced virgin plastic use by 3%, but it’s short of the 18% target. They’re exploring alternative
materials, with Nestle having sustainable packaging research center. VC firms have also invested heavily in this
area.
However, alternative materials are costly. Seaweed-coated trays are several times more expensive than
plastic ones. While consumers express willingness to pay more for sustainable packaging, it’s uncertain if they’ll
follow through.
1．What makes Notpla’s material different from traditional plastics?
A．It is made from fossil fuels. B．It decomposes much faster.
C．It is more durable. D．It is cheaper.
2．Why is the UN negotiating a global treaty on plastic?
A．To promote plastic production. B．To encourage more plastic recycling.
C．To reduce plastic’s environmental harm.D．To standardize plastic packaging.
3．What have companies like Coca-Cola done to reduce plastic waste?
A．They have stopped using plastic bottles.B．They have increased the use of virgin plastic.
C．They have changed the design of their bottles.D．They have joined a coalition against plastic use.
4．What is the challenge for the adoption of alternative packaging materials?A．Lack of consumer demand. B．High cost.
C．Insufficient research. D．Government regulations.
押题2
词
话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
数
364 囊地鼠通过挖掘富 说明 细节理解。 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业
含细菌和真菌的旧 文 化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候
土壤并将其带至地 变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环
表以助力生态恢 境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解
复，其对生态系统 决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，
恢复产生了长期的 环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。
积极影响
Like something straight out of a Disney movie, a study found that gophers (囊地鼠) worked to save an entire
mountain. These little critters dug up bacteria and fungi that helped restore lost plant and animal life in the
devastated mountain landscape.
In 1980, Mount St. Helens in Washington erupted, destroying everything around it. There was no sign of
animal and plant life returning, leaving the region a totally desolate place. Out of curiosity, scientists wondered if
digging up bacteria and fungi would help with soil recovery, bringing plants and, eventually, animals back to the
area. Therefore scientists turned to animals that loved to dig.
“Gophers are often considered pests, but we thought they would take old soil, move it to the surface, and that
would be where recovery would occur,” says study author Michael Allen, a microbiologist at the University of
California, Riverside.
In 1983, scientists tested this theory and went to the lava-destroyed landscape on Mount St. Helens by
helicopter. They released a few local gophers onto two plots of volcanic rock for a day, hoping these creatures
would dig up old fertile soil rich in bacteria and fungi, which enter plant root cells and exchange nutrients with the
plants. Additionally, they protect plants from harmful pathogens (病原体) lurking around in the soil.
Six years after the gophers were dropped in the area, the land began flourishing again with new life. About
forty thousand plants grew on the gopher plots compared to the areas the gophers did not explore, which remained
empty and lifeless.
“In the 1980s, we were just testing the short-term reaction,” says Allen. “Who would have predicted you
could toss a gopher in for a day and see a residual (残留的) effect 40 years later?”
Meanwhile, another side of the mountain painted a different picture. This side of the forest had been chopped
down for logging, leaving nothing for fungi to feed on. The result? A whole lot of nothing. “There still isn’t muchof anything growing in the clear-cut area,” says Emma Aronson, an environmental microbiologist at UC Riverside.
“It is shocking to look at the flourishing forest soil and compare it to the dead area.”
1．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean?
A．Deserted. B．Remote. C．Frozen. D．Dangerous.
2．Why did scientists choose gophers in their experiment?
A．Gophers have excellent digging skills.
B．Gophers are able to adapt to extreme environments.
C．Gophers can bring underground microbes to the surface.
D．Gophers can be easily trained to perform assigned tasks.
3．What can bacteria and fungi in old soil do?
A．Protect plant root cells. B．Supply plants with nutrients.
C．Kill harmful pathogens in the soil. D．Help plants breathe in more oxygen.
4．What does Emma Aronson think of the result of the experiment?
A．Baseless. B．Suspicious. C．Reliable. D．Unexpected.
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
333 微塑料在食 说明文 推理判 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、
物链中的生 断、词义 城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问
物累积问题 猜测。 题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明
及其对海洋 文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们
生态系统和 关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考
人类健康的 试中的热门押题方向。
潜在威胁
It’s no secret that when we enjoy a delicious piece of fish or a plate of seafood, we’re not just taking in
valuable nutrients like vitamin D．In reality, alongside these benefits come less appetizing elements - there’re
countless microplastics.
These plastic particles (颗粒), usually measuring less than 5 millimetres, enter oceans through human waste
and join the food chain. According to a study, around 24,400 billion microplastics are found in all ocean organisms,
from seaweed to fish, which occupy higher levels of the food chain. This phenomenon not only threatens ocean
ecosystems but also raises concerns about potential risks to human health.
Since the 1950s, plastic production has grown dramatically, reaching 58 million tons in Europe in 2022
alone. This has led to massive amounts of waste. Over time, wind, waves, sunlight, and microorganisms break
down larger plastic waste into microplastics, which now contaminate all parts of the environment, including the air,
soil, and water. The process by which these plastics accumulate (积累) in organisms across different levels of thefood chain is known as “bioaccumulation”. Research from our laboratory reveals that in water environments,
microplastics are consumed by a wide range of species, from organisms at the bottom of the food chain to animals
at the top.
The consumption has serious consequences. Studies show that microplastics can do harm to ocean life. For
instance, in shellfish, microplastics can block digestive systems, activate immune (免疫的) responses, cause DNA
damage and interfere with the expression of genes essential to various cellular functions. The severity of these
effects depends on the plastics’ size, composition, degree of degradation, and any harmful chemical additive they
may contain. These chemicals can disturb natural body systems, posing risks not just to ocean life but potentially to
humans as well.
The urgency to tackle plastic “bioaccumulation” in the food chain cannot be overstated. By taking swift
action to limit plastic usage and improve recycling technologies, we can slow the progression of this environmental
and health crisis.
1．How does the author lead in the text?
A．By making assumptions. B．By describing a study.
C．By listing statistics. D．By stating a fact.
2．Which word can best describe the distribution of microplastics in the ocean?
A．Concentrated. B．Limited. C．Extensive. D．Separate.
3．What does the underlined word “contaminate” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Organize. B．Pollute. C．Integrate. D．Dominate.
4．Why are shellfish mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To show microplastics’ harm to ocean life.
B．To show the ocean life’s cellular functions.
C．To show the process of microplastics’ formation.
D．To show microplastics’ impact on human health.
四、社会生活类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
342 吹嘘自己压 说明文 细节理 社会生活类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类日常生活中的各种
力水平的人 解、词义 话题。这类文章旨在考察考生对社会问题的理解、分析和
被同事视为 猜测。 批判性思维能力。随着全球化的发展，社会生活中的跨文
能力较差， 化差异、科技进步对社会的影响、心理健康等问题成为热
也不太讨人 门话题。因此，社会生活类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地
喜欢 位。A new research finds people who brag (吹嘘)about their stress levels are seen as less competent and less
likable by their co-workers. “This is a behavior we’ve all seen and we all might be guilty of at some point,” says
Jessica Rodell, lead author of the study in the journal Personnel Psychology. “When I was wondering about why
people do this, I thought maybe we are talking about our stress because we want to prove we’re good enough. We
found out that often has the opposite effect.”
360 participants compared statements from imaginary co-workers who just returned from a conference.
Participants rated their imaginary co-worker on likability, competence, and the likelihood they would help the co-
worker at work. In the survey, the stress-bragging colleague described the conference as “just one more thing on my
full plate. And I was already stressed to the max… you have no idea the stress that I am under.” Participants rated
that person as significantly less likable and less competent than someone who said work had been stressful or who
just talked about how great the conference was. Participants also said they would be less likely to help the
complaining co-workers if they were overburdened at work.
The researchers also found employees with co-workers who brag about stress often reported higher levels of
personal stress and burnout. “Bragging about stress creates the perception that high stress levels are an expected
and normal part of the work culture,” Rodell says. “When somebody is constantly talking about and bragging about
their stress, it makes stress seem like a good thing,” Rodell adds. “It just spills over onto the co-workers next to
them. They wind up feeling more stressed, which leads to higher burnout or withdrawal from their work.”
“It’s not the being stressed part that’s a problem,” she says. “If you really feel stressed, it’s OK to find the
right person to share with and talk about it. But be mindful that stress is not an honor to be bragged about — that
will have the opposite effect.”
1．What does Jessica Rodell mean by saying the underlined sentence?
A．Bragging about stress levels is common.
B．Only a few people brag about their stress levels.
C．Many people like to brag about their accomplishments.
D．Researchers feel guilty about talking about stress with others.
2．Why might people talk about their stress levels according to Jessica Rodell?
A．To make friends at work. B．To seek help from others.
C．To show they are very busy. D．To prove they are competent.
3．What did the participants compare in the survey?
A．Different methods of stress management.
B．Their own stress levels with those of their co-workers.C．The productivity levels before and after the conference.
D．Statements from imaginary co-workers attending the conference.
4．How does one’s constant stress bragging affect his or her co-workers?
A．It motivates them to work harder. B．It lets them feel more stressed.
C．It makes them feel less competent. D．It encourages them to seek promotions.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
331 人们对数码 说明文 细节理解 社会生活类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类日常生活中的各种
生活越来越 推理判 话题。这类文章旨在考察考生对社会问题的理解、分析和
失去控制以 断。 批判性思维能力。随着全球化的发展，社会生活中的跨文
及数字极简 化差异、科技进步对社会的影响、心理健康等问题成为热
主义这个概 门话题。因此，社会生活类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地
念 位。
We are often so attracted by the promises of modern digital life that we fail to notice its dangers. It’s that
feeling of losing control that we get a dozen times a day, from when we tune out a discussion with our phones to
when we lose our capacity to appreciate a private moment without feeling forced to document it for a virtual
audience.
In my first attempt to get control over my technology use, I turned off my phone’s notifications (通知) and
set it to vibrate (振动) rather than ring. Soon after, despite the fact that my device was set to mute (静音), the act of
continually checking for notifications became a habit, and I realized I had created a new problem.
I knew then that using only tips and strategies to permanently reform your digital life is difficult. To regain
control, we must go beyond modifications and reconstruct our relationship with technology from the ground up.
We should go past the notification settings on our devices or apps and consider the more essential topic of
why we use so many apps in the first place. What all of us who are struggling with these challenges need is a
technology usage philosophy, something that addresses which digital tools we allow into our lives, why, and under
what conditions.
Cal Newport, who is an associate professor of computer science at Georgetown University, defines Digital
Minimalism as a “philosophy of technology use in which you focus your online time on a small number of
carefully selected and optimized (最优化的) activities that strongly support things you value, and then happily miss
out on everything else.”
Digital minimalists transform technology from a source of distraction into instruments to support a life well
lived by working backwards from their inner values to their technology choices. They break the spell (魔咒) thathas caused so many people to feel as though they are losing control of their screens by doing so.
1．What problem did the author face after turning off phone notifications?
A．The phone still rang sometimes for notifications. B．The phone’s vibration was a little too disturbing.
C．The author couldn’t receive important messages. D．The author constantly checked for notifications.
2．According to the text, what do we need to do to regain control over our digital life?
A．Just turn off all notifications. B．Use many more tips and strategies.
C．Reconstruct our concept of technology.D．Delete most apps on our devices.
3．What does the text tell us about digital minimalists?
A．They don’t use digital devices at all. B．They only use digital tools for their values.
C．They spend a lot of time on the internet.D．They aren’t affected by modern digital life.
4．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To give an example. B．To share an experience.
C．To explain a concept. D．To compare different ways.
五、科普、研究报告类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
344 成长型思维 说明文 细节理 科普类阅读理解说明文旨在向读者普及科学知识，内容涵
对个人成功 解、推理 盖自然科学、技术、医学、环境科学等多个领域。这类文
的益处 判断、主 章通常以简洁明了的语言解释复杂的科学概念，帮助读者
旨大意。 理解科学现象及其背后的原理。随着科技的快速发展，科
普类文章在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要
题型之一。
A growth mindset is the belief that intelligence and abilities can be developed through hard work,dedication,
and learning. In contrast, a fixed mindset is the belief that intelligence and abilities are fixed traits that cannot be
changed. Developing a growth mindset can be a valuable tool for achieving success in both personal and
professional life.
One of the benefits of having a growth mindset is that it allows individuals to embrace challenges and view
them as opportunities for growth. Instead of avoiding challenges, individuals with a growth mindset approach them
with a positive attitude, seeing them as a chance to learn and improve. This mindset helps individuals push
themselves outside of their comfort zone, which can lead to personal growth and development. Another benefit of a
growth mindset is that it allows individuals to persist in the face of setbacks and failures. When faced with
obstacles, individuals with a growth mindset don’t give up or view them as a reflection of their abilities. Instead,
they see setbacks as temporary and an opportunity to learn and grow from their mistakes. This mindset helpsindividuals develop resilience and d grit, which are essential qualities for achieving success.
Developing a growth mindset can also lead to increased creativity and innovation. When individuals believe
that their abilities can be developed, they are more likely to take risks and try new things. This mindset allows
individuals to approach problems with an open mind, which can lead to creative solutions and new ideas. Finally, a
growth mindset can lead to increased motivation and achievement. When individuals believe that their abilities can
be developed, they are more likely to set goals and work towards them. This mindset helps individuals stay focused
and motivated, even in the face of challenges and setbacks.
In conclusion, developing a growth mindset can be a valuable tool for achieving success in both personal and
professional life. By embracing challenges, persisting in the face of setbacks, and approaching problems with an
open mind, individuals with a growth mindset can achieve their goals and reach their full potential.
1．How many benefits of a growth mindset are mentioned in the text?
A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.
2．How does a growth mindset fuel a person’s creativity?
A．It enables a person to readily accept and face challenges.
B．It assists a person in maintaining perseverance despite setbacks.
C．It inspires a person to take chances and explore new possibilities.
D．It drives a person to establish attainable goals and pursue them.
3．Which of the following people has a growth mindset?
A．The one who keeps blaming others for failures.
B．The one who seeks advice after making mistakes at work.
C．The one who is completely discouraged after being criticized.
D．The one who quits learning the musical instrument halfway easily.
4．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?
A．Individuals with a growth mindset are more likely to set realistic goals.
B．The growth mindset is mainly beneficial for achieving success in professional life.
C．Embracing a growth mindset can help realize ambitions and fulfill one’s capabilities.
D．A fixed mindset is essential for sustainable development and environmental awareness.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
340 音乐与情 说明文 细节理 科普类阅读理解说明文旨在向读者普及科学知识，内容涵
感、记忆的 解、推理 盖自然科学、技术、医学、环境科学等多个领域。这类文
联系及相关 判断、词 章通常以简洁明了的语言解释复杂的科学概念，帮助读者
实验和发现 句猜测。 理解科学现象及其背后的原理。随着科技的快速发展，科普类文章在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要
题型之一。
I’m a psychology researcher. Along with my teacher Thackery Brown and music experts Sophia Mehdizadeh
and Grace Leslie, our recently published research uncovered interesting connections between music, emotion and
memory.
When you listen to music, it transcends mere hearing engagement. The areas of your brain responsible for
emotion and memory also become active. The hippocampus, which is essential for storing and retrieving (检索)
memories, works closely with the amygdala, the brain’s emotional center. This is partly why certain songs are not
only memorable but also deeply emotional.
While music’s ability to evoke emotions and memories is well known, we wondered whether it could also
change the emotional content of existing memories. Our theory was rooted in the concept of memory reactivation—
the idea that when you recall a memory, it becomes temporarily changeable, allowing new information to be
included.
We then developed a three-day experiment. On the first day, participants memorized a series of short,
emotionally neutral (中性的) stories. The next day, they recalled these stories while listening to either positive
music, negative music or silence. We also recorded their brain activity with fMRI scans, which measure brain
activity. On the final day, we asked participants to recall the stories again, this time without any music.
The results were striking. When participants listened to emotionally charged music while recalling the
neutral stories, they were more likely to include new emotional elements in the story. Even more interesting were
the brain scans. When participants recalled stories while listening to music, there was increased activity in the
amygdala and hippocampus. This is why a song associated with a significant life event can feel so powerful—it
activates both emotion-processing and memory-processing regions.
Memories, much like your favorite songs, can be remixed and remastered by music. The music you listen to
while looking back or even while going about your daily routines might be subtly (不易察觉地) shaping how you
remember those experiences in the future. While further research is needed, our findings have exciting implications
for both everyday life and for medicine.
1．What does the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Attends to. B．Goes beyond. C．Depends on. D．Relates to.
2．What did the participants do on the second day of the experiment?
A．They memorized new stories without any interruptions.B．They reviewed stories in a quiet environment without music.
C．They wrote down their feelings about the stories they had heard.
D．They recalled stories in different music with brain activity measured.
3．What can we infer based on the passage?
A．Music has a clear impact on people’s daily lives.
B．Music won’t affect people’s memories when they listen to it.
C．People may unconsciously change their memories when listening to music.
D．The hippocampus and amygdala are the essential parts of the brain related to emotion.
4．What might further research focus on?
A．Whether music can completely erase bad memories.
B．How different types of music affect memory in various age groups.
C．What kind of music is most popular among people with good memories.
D．If music can be used as a treatment for memory disorders in clinical settings.
六、体育与健康类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
339 爱好对个人 说明文 主旨大 体育与健康类说明文主要围绕体育运动、身体健康、心理
生活和健康 意、推理 健康以及健康生活方式展开。这类文章旨在普及体育与健
的益处 判断、词 康知识，帮助读者理解运动对身心健康的积极影响，并倡
义猜测。 导健康的生活方式。随着人们对健康意识的提高，体育与
健康类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重
要题型之一。
Standing on a stage, belting out a ballad at a local Chinese festival is a core memory for Kien Vuu. When he
was just 6 years old, he was the youngest member of his family band — one of its star singers. While he was too
young to understand the words he was singing — from Part of the Game, a 1970s song about heartbreak by Hong
Kong pop group The Wynners, he did understand how much he loved performing music, especially with his family.
Vuu did not grow up to become a professional singer. Instead, he chose medical school and became Kien
Vuu, MD, a longevity doctor and assistant professor of health sciences at UCLA．Yet he never lost his love for
singing, so he made time regularly for karaoke sessions with his own children.
“Singing with people has always been one of my favorite hobbies,” he says. “Karaoke is one of those things
that just lights me up and brings me joy. In my work as a doctor and researcher, I’ve become convinced that having
hobbies is an essential part of living and aging well.”
Sanam Hafeez, a neuropsychologist at New York’s Columbia University, agrees. “I feel very strongly about
the importance of having hobbies,” she says, “My hobbies include practicing Pilates and learning Italian. Thebenefits are immense, both physically and cognitively.”
Dr. Vuu easily rattles off the benefits he gets from singing. In addition to boosting his mood, singing helps
him bond with his family and feel connected with his Chinese heritage, improves his memory and mental health,
lowers his stress and even gives him a bit of cardio.
For a small investment, that’s a lot of return. And the best news is that all these great mental and physical
health benefits can come from any activity that lights you up, as Dr. Vuu puts it. But how do you find and nurture a
hobby that truly sets y your soul on fire? The journey begins with curiosity and a willingness to explore new
experiences.
1．What does the first paragraph emphasize about Kien Vuu?
A．His lack of understanding of song lyrics.B．His desire to become a professional singer.
C．His love for performing music. D．His connection with family and heritage.
2．Why does the author mention Sanam Hafeez?
A．To provide additional expert support.
B．To stress the role of hobbies in professional success.
C．To introduce a different perspective on singing.
D．To contrast her views on hobbies with Dr. Vuu’s.
3．What does the underlined phrase “rattles off” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Says. B．Denies. C．Skips. D．Notices.
4．What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．The history of karaoke in Chinese culture. B．Approaches to cultivating engaging hobbies.
C．Dr. Vuu’s medical research on longevity.D．Sanam Hafeez’s career achievements.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
375 通过体育锻 说明文 主旨大 体育与健康类说明文主要围绕体育运动、身体健康、心理
炼改善了自 意、推理 健康以及健康生活方式展开。这类文章旨在普及体育与健
己的身体健 判断、词 康知识，帮助读者理解运动对身心健康的积极影响，并倡
康，强调了 义猜测。 导健康的生活方式。随着人们对健康意识的提高，体育与
运动带来的 健康类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重
好处 要题型之一。
Over the past few weeks, I’ve been experiencing a bad fall, largely attributed to my ADHD (多动障碍)
drugs running out. This has made it challenging for me to find the motivation to tackle daily tasks, including
regular exercise.
However, a recent workout led to an epiphany: neglecting physical activity was actually worsening mycondition. It appears that engaging in physical activity could be an effective strategy for managing my ADHD
symptoms while l await a prescription refill.
After a workout, my mind feels quieter, much like when I take my medication. This makes sense as ADHD
drugs increase levels of a brain medical called noradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素), enhancing focus, memory, and
impulse control. Exercise also increases this chemical.
While these insights are promising, I’m not ready to stop my medication. Research on exercise and ADHD
has mixed results. A 2023 review of 106 studies showed exercise significantly improves impulse control, attention,
and task-switching in young people with ADHD．However, its impact on regulating emotions and working
memory is less pronounced, and the benefits are even less for adults. In another study, 10 minutes of exercise
improved impulse control in 82 adults with ADHD but had no effect on other symptoms.
These findings suggest that exercise has a modest effect on ADHD but highlight additional benefits beyond
physical health. The evidence is particularly strong for depression and anxiety. A 2023 review of nearly 300 trials
involving over 15, 800 adults found physical activity as effective as talk therapy and medications in reducing
symptoms. The benefit was stronger when combined with these treatments.
Exercise may also alleviate symptoms of other mental health conditions, such as bipolar disorder and
obsessive-compulsive disorder. It appears protective as well. A 2018 study of over 12 million adults found that
those who exercised experienced 43 percent fewer days of poor mental health than those who didn’t. The link was
strongest for team sports, cycling, and aerobic and gym activities.
I’m relieved to have found a strategy for managing my ADHD symptoms without medication. Even though
exercising is the last thing I want to do when overwhelmed, I now realize its importance. The benefits of exercise
for mental health are clear, and I’m committed to making it a priority in my life.
1．What does the underlined part “an epiphany” most likely mean in paragraph 2?
A．A rush resolution or decision.
B．A sense of disappointment.
C．A sudden realization or insight.
D．A moment of great happiness.
2．What role does exercise play according to the research findings presented in the passage?
A．Exercise is a perfect replacement for ADHD medication.
B．Exercise has no effect on mental health conditions other than ADHD．
C．Exercise can complement medication in managing ADHD symptoms.
D．Exercise benefits physical health more than obsessive-compulsive disorder.3．Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards exercise?
A．Reluctant but importance-aware.
B．Casual but focused.
C．Inconsistent but passionate.
D．Negative but disciplined.
4．What can we learn from the experience with exercise and ADHD?
A．Prevention is better than cure.
B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．A healthy outside starts from the inside.
D．The body is a temple; The mind is a palace.
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
339 人们为何偏 说明文 主旨大 体育与健康类说明文主要围绕体育运动、身体健康、心理
爱这些不健 意、推理 健康以及健康生活方式展开。这类文章旨在普及体育与健
康的食物 判断、细 康知识，帮助读者理解运动对身心健康的积极影响，并倡
节理解。 导健康的生活方式。随着人们对健康意识的提高，体育与
健康类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重
要题型之一。
In the times when our ancestors lived, the foods that were available might have been fruits, nuts, seeds.
These foods were nutrient-dense (营养丰富的), not energy-dense. What has happened in modern times is that
previously healthy wholefoods have been largely replaced by ultra-processed foods, which are high in pure sugar,
high fructose corn syrup, salt, and the wrong types of fats.
The reason why our bodies desire these foods is that they are loaded with ingredients which can activate the
pleasure center in our brain, namely the so-called dopamine (多巴胺) reward pathway. When we consume ultra-
processed foods that are highly delicious, such as highly sugary foods or sodas, the dopamine, which is the feel-
good neurotransmitter (神经递质), makes us feel better in the short term, and it makes us want to eat them again.
Junk food damages the gut microbiome and harms our mental health. It causes diseases, lowers our mood,
and increases our anxiety. These problems are worsened when people suffer from stress and anxiety, and they reach
out for a bag of candy or a bag of chips. The stress contributes to habit circuits in the brain.
When we desire junk food, along with the release of dopamine in the brain in advance, our stomach is
producing ghrelin, known as the hunger hormone, which makes us seek out the calorie-dense junk food. And after
we satisfy our desire, dopamine is released again.
There is another neurotransmitter at play, serotonin, also called the happiness hormone. Some of the foodsthat we desire are full of carbohydrates, which can increase serotonin. In the short term, these foods can make us
feel slightly better, but it’s a temporary mood boost and after a short while we’ll feel depressed and anxious.
Another chemical in action is the hormone leptin, which signals that we should stop eating. But ultra-
processed foods can interfere with the signaling. When people consume ultra-processed foods all the time, the
hormone leptin will stop working. People can develop something called leptin resistance, which can lead to
overeating.
1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To lead in the topic. B．To show how ancient life was.
C．To reveal a conclusion. D．To compare two types of foods.
2．What may happen if you turn to junk food to relieve your stress?
A．You will feel better in the long run. B．You may be addicted to the junk food.
C．Your gut microbiome will be improved. D．The quality of your sleep will get worse.
3．What is the primary physiological factor behind one’s overeating?
A．The habit of eating large meals. B．Limitless emotional eating.
C．Leptin’s failure to work. D．The delicious flavor of food.
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Why Do We Resist the Junk Food Diet?
B．What Happens in Our Brain When We Eat?
C．How Does Junk Food Affect Our Body and Mind?
D．How Can We Ease Negative Feelings by Eating?
押题4
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
337 在周末安排 说明文 主旨大 体育与健康类说明文主要围绕体育运动、身体健康、心理
相应的运动 意、推理 健康以及健康生活方式展开。这类文章旨在普及体育与健
锻炼同样具 判断、细 康知识，帮助读者理解运动对身心健康的积极影响，并倡
有好处 节理解。 导健康的生活方式。随着人们对健康意识的提高，体育与
健康类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重
要题型之一。
Struggling to fit workouts into your busy week? You’re not alone. New research suggests that “weekend
warriors (勇士)” who pack at least 150 minutes of exercise into one or two days enjoy similar health benefits to
those who spread workouts throughout the week.
Another recent study found that being a weekend warrior reduced the risk of cognitive conditions such as
dementia, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and depressive disorders.
Living a sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle raises a person’s risk of a range of ailments, includingcardiovascular disease, Type-2 diabetes, stroke, cancer, depression, and anxiety. About half of all Americans have
chronic diseases that could be prevented with the help of regular physical activity, according to the U. S.
Department of Health and Human Services.
The nearly 90, 000 people whose data the researchers analyzed in the new study were divided into three
categories: regular exerciser, weekend warrior, and the inactive. Compared to those who didn’t exercise, regular
exercisers and weekend warriors had a lower risk of more than 260 diseases over six years. The protective benefits
for Type-2 diabetes were highest, with 43 percent lower risk for the weekend warrior and 46 percent lower risk for
the regular exerciser, respectively.
“No time to exercise? Just 5 minutes still has a big impact. The research adds to earlier studies that show that
any amount of physical activity counts and allows people some flexibility, ” says SaraK. Rosenkranz, an exercise
physiologist and associate professor of kinesiology and nutrition sciences at the University of Nevada Las Vegas.
“If you’re not regularly getting moderate-to-vigorous (中度到剧烈的) physical activity throughout the week but
have time to do it on the weekend, you can do something you enjoy, like a bike ride or a hike, ” she says. “The
thing to keep in mind is that it doesn’t take much. Even if it’s just a few minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical
activity here or there, you’re going to get a benefit. Working out even one or two days a week also lower the risk of
mood disorders, which is another major benefit, ” adds Rosenkranz.
1．What does the new study tell us?
A．Weekend workouts are also beneficial to us.
B．Most people choose to exercise on weekends.
C．Weekend warriors are healthier than regular exercisers.
D．Few people can keep working out daily and consistently.
2．Which can probably replace the underlined word “ailments” in paragraph 3?
A．Injuries. B．Consequences. C．Emotions. D．Illnesses.
3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．The result of the research. B．The process of the research.
C．The health status of Americans. D．The data of the research objects.
4．What does Rosenkranz probably agree with?
A．The time of exercising matters a lot. B．We had better exercise every weekday.
C．As long as we exercise, it counts a lot. D．Taking exercise doesn’t take much energy.
七、发明与创造类押题1
词 体
话题 考点 押题理由
数 裁
376 一种用粗棉布制作过滤 说 细节理解、 发明与创造类阅读理解文章主要围绕科技创新、发明
器来收集树袋熊栖息环 明 推理判断、 创造、技术突破及其对社会的影响展开。这类文章旨
境中的DNA的新方法，
文
词义猜测。 在普及科技知识，帮助读者理解发明创造的过程、原
以帮助更高效地追踪这 理及其对人类社会的重要意义。
些难以发现的动物
Known for their hairy ears, round faces and big black noses, koalas (树袋熊) spend most of their time
napping in the thick forests. Their love for perching (栖息) high up and moving very little makes these Australian
icons difficult to trace. But that could soon change thanks to a new technique that can “sniff” out koalas’
whereabouts.
The method, described on October 13 in the Journal of Applied Ecology, captures DNA floating around the
koala’s natural environment using filters (过滤器) made of cheesecloth, a thin fabric commonly found in kitchens.
Secured between two stainless steel plates, the cheesecloth filters were tested at 26 sites in four nature reserves
across Queensland, Australia. Each site received two filters — one placed about 1.5 meters above the ground with a
fan that mechanically drew in air, and another placed closer to the ground to trap any debris (碎片). After a few
days, researchers retook the filters and analyzed the genetic material trapped within. To their delight, the scientists
identified koalas’ DNA as well as DNA from eleven other species that are known to inhabit the area.
Populations of koalas have sharply decreased in recent years due to bushfires and diseases. In 2022, the
Australian government declared that koalas are endangered in some parts of the country. Conservation efforts have
relied on advanced instruments including thermal imaging drones and acoustic recorders to detect koalas. “The new
DNA sampler is less expensive and requires fewer technical skills to operate,” the researchers say.
“It is very simple,” says evolutionary biologist Celine Frere of The University of Queensland in Brisbane,
Australia. “The idea is to get citizen scientists, private property owners and school students to go out and use the
filters.”
The work adds yet another tool that scientists can use to detect environmental DNA(eDNA). Other
researchers have sought for eDNA in the air in zoos and forests, on vegetation and even on the filters of air
pollution monitoring stations.
“Some of the work in this particular study is really an important first step,” says ecologist Matthew Barnes of
Texas Tech University in Lubbock. The experiment occurred in an uncontrolled environment, where there’re a lot
of uncertainties and a risk that strong wind or rain could affect the results.
1．Why are koalas difficult to track?A．Because they like staying high and inactive.
B．Because they are sensitive and alert.
C．Because they are small and quiet.
D．Because they can take on the colors of the background.
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．What is the purpose of the method.
B．How the method works.
C．What is the result of the method.
D．How the ideas behind the method develop.
3．What is Matthew Barnes’s attitude towards this study?
A．Doubtful. B．Confused. C．Favourable. D．Disapproving.
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．Koalas can be easily caught now.
B．New tools are expensive and hard to handle.
C．Koalas have died out because of bushfires and diseases.
D．The results of the experiment may be influenced by many factors.
押题2
词 体
话题 考点 押题理由
数 裁
307 发散联想任务的方法可 说 细节理解、 发明与创造类阅读理解文章主要围绕科技创新、发明
以激发创造力，解释了 明 推理判断、 创造、技术突破及其对社会的影响展开。这类文章旨
研究的开展过程以及发 词义猜测。 在普及科技知识，帮助读者理解发明创造的过程、原
文
现 理及其对人类社会的重要意义。
Creativity is hard to define and perhaps even more difficult to measure, but scientists think they’ve come up
with a remarkably simple way of assessing at least one aspect of it. The new method, called the Divergent
Association Task (DAT), asks people to name 10 nouns that are as far apart in meaning as possible. “Cat” and
“book” would be more divergent than “cat” and “dog”, for example. A computer algorithm then measures the
semantic (语义的) distance — how much the two words have to do with each other-between the nouns the person
came up with. Based on an analysis of responses from 8,914 volunteers, DAT is at least as good as current methods
for predicting creativity in a person.
The AUT, (Alternative Uses Task, where you think of as many uses as possible for an object) and the BAGT,
(Bridge-the-Associative Gap Task, where you try and link two words with a third word) are the two existing
measures of creativity that DAT goes up against. The creativity scores from DAT correlated well with the scoresfrom the two existing measures. What’s more, the data show that its effectiveness seems to apply across different
people groups, making it suitable for large-scale surveys.
The key benefits of the new DAT test are that it’s simple and quick to complete, and doesn’t require any kind
of human assessment, which might introduce bias (偏见). However, the researchers are keen to point out that it
doesn’t measure every aspect of creativity.
“Our test measures only a sliver of one type of creativity,” said psychologist Jay Olson, from Harvard
University. “But it enables creativity assessments across larger and more diverse samples with less bias, which will
ultimately help us better understand this fundamental human ability. The more we understand it, the better we can
foster it in all its forms.”
1．What does the underlined word “divergent” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Distant. B．Related. C．Accurate. D．Plain.
2．How does the author clarify the AUT and the BAGT?
A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing data.
C．By offering definitions. D．By making comparisons.
3．What is an advantage of the DAT?
A．It reduces potential bias. B．It features detailed results.
C．It measures overall creativity. D．It targets certain people groups.
4．According to Jay Olson, what is a possible result of using the DAT?
A．Replacing the AUT and the BAGT. B．Strengthening the importance of testing.
C．Deepening the understanding of creativity. D．Sharpening communication skills.
八、宇宙探索类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
391 私人资本进 说明文 细节理 宇宙探索类说明文主要围绕天文学、航天技术、宇宙现象
入月球，商 解、推理 及其对人类的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及宇宙探索知
业活动兴 判断、词 识，帮助读者理解宇宙的奥秘、航天技术的发展及其对科
起，作者担 义猜测。 学和社会的意义。随着航天技术的不断进步，宇宙探索类
忧月球面临 话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型
过度开发 之一。
The moon stands alone. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harbours little
except what we bring to it. But that is about to change.
Half a century after the Apollo programme, a private spacecraft Nova-C made the first touchdown on the
moon successfully, bearing scientific instruments, microfiche (微缩胶片) story disks, cameras, and sculptures tostay on the moon forever. Its success would promise many more. Though it may seem like an exciting outlook for
humanity’s space exploration ambitions, it also signals a future where the moon becomes a hotbed of ungoverned
business operations that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transform it.
For the first time, private capital has reached the moon, expanding beyond scientific goals. This allows
private landers, even when carrying government science experiments, to include additional non-scientific payloads
(有酬负载) for other customers. Items bound to raise various objections, such as human cremains (骨灰) and
dehydrated water bears from past missions, have caused concerns about biological materials on the moon. There’re
a lot more planned for future launches, likely sparking further debate.
Before this decade is out, with a powerful enough telescope, you may be able to see evidence of human
construction or even habitation on the moon. In 2023, the global space industry was valued at $469 billion,
expected to exceed $1 trillion by 2030, driven by growing satellite use in manufacturing, power, and data. “We are
now at a tipping point, where ideas previously limited to science fiction represent attractive investment projects,” a
report read.
A voluntary agreement has been used since 2020 to foster lunar cooperation. It promotes international
standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. However, it also allows for exploiting (开采) lunar resources like
dust, water, rare earth elements and other materials.
Exploring the moon has value for science and potential benefits for Earth, but humans often turn exploration
into exploitation, and the moon may face the same fate. The moon won’t be alone for long. But it is and will forever
be quiet. It plays host to no thunderstorms, no crashing waves, no bird songs and no anthems (国歌). We must be its
voice. We will soon change its surface, and our relationship to it, forever. At the very least, we owe the moon a
considered discussion of why and how we will do so.
1．What is the author’s concern about the moon’s future?
A．Unregulated commercial activities. B．Illegal human construction.
C．Limited payload carried to the moon. D．A lack of scientific missions.
2．The “tipping point” in Paragraph 4 indicates the change .
A．from cooperation to competition B．from science to trade
C．from lunar landing to settlement D．from fantasy to adventure
3．What can we infer from this passage?
A．Lunar resource exploration holds great promise.
B．Massive investment is beneficial to lunar development.
C．Non-scientific activities can test lunar environmental limits.D．The existing agreement is insufficient in controlling over-exploitation.
4．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．The Promising Moon: Playground for All
B．The Moon’s Edge: Ambition Meets Reality
C．The Moon’s Future: Uncover the Unknown
D．The Silent Moon: Humanity’s Responsibility
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
376 在月球低重 说明文 细节理 宇宙探索类说明文主要围绕天文学、航天技术、宇宙现象
力环境下帮 解、推理 及其对人类的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及宇宙探索知
助宇航员保 判断、主 识，帮助读者理解宇宙的奥秘、航天技术的发展及其对科
持健康的可 旨大意。 学和社会的意义。随着航天技术的不断进步，宇宙探索类
能性 话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解的重要题型
之一。
Motorcyclists seeking to solidify their reputation as risk-takers could do worse than (不妨做某事) book a
session on a Wall of Death. These are small circular velodromes (圆形赛车场) where the track almost stands at an
angle of 90° to Earth’s surface. What drives these brave souls up the wall is their speed. At around 50 kph, the
forces acting on them are strong enough to counterbalance gravity’s pull, and keep them pushed outward.
Now a group of scientists have tracked down one more need for such equipment. In a paper in Royal Society
Open Science, they propose that astronauts living on NASA’s planned lunar base could run on the track to prevent
their bodies from wasting away (变得消瘦、 衰弱) under the Moon’s reduced gravitational pull.
In low-gravity environments, muscle decreases in strength, bone becomes easily broken and fitness and
motor abilities decline. Even exercise, made less effective by weightlessness, struggles to counteract such effects.
Alberto Minetti from the University of Milan wondered if running in a Wall of Death might provide a workout
capable of limiting the body’s decline. To test it he rented a 10-metre-wide Wall of Death and called in two brave
volunteers.
His team tied the volunteers, a man and a woman, to ropes hanging from a crane (起重机) above the track.
The ropes relieved the volunteers of five-sixths of their body weight, in effect mirroring the Moon’s gravity. After
some practice rounds, the volunteers could run parallel to (与……平行) the ground at speeds averaging around 20
kph, without assistance.
Dr Minetti says such motion can generate a force on the body similar to the effect of gravity on Earth.
According to his calculations, running this way may be enough to battle the negative effects of lunar life. NASAmay not even need to find extra room: he suggests that if the lunar shelters for the Artemis Base Camp were built in
a circular design, astronauts could simply go for a jog around the inside walls. In principle it is “not a completely
crazy idea,” says Kevin Fong, a doctor and specialist in space medicine at University College London. But, he
adds, the limited medical care available in space means he would be nervous about astronauts running at speed.
1．Why is a Wall of Death mentioned in paragraph 1?
A．To highlight its great forces. B．To stress its tough challenge.
C．To imply its another good use. D．To show its global popularity.
2．What was the purpose of Dr Minetti’s experiment?
A．To explore exercises for astronauts in space. B．To find approaches to cycling in a Wall of Death.
C．To assess the benefits of workouts on the Moon. D．To measure the impact of gravity on human health.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The method used to create lunar gravity. B．The process for selecting brave volunteers.
C．The speed required for the body’s movement. D．The cooperation needed in low-gravity conditions.
4．What is Fong’s attitude towards Dr Minett’s suggestion?
A．He is optimistic about it. B．He does not care about it.
C．He is strongly opposed to it. D．He does not fully support it.
九、教育类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
324 “斯坦福鸭 说明文 细节理 教育类说明文主要围绕教育体系、教学方法、学习策略、
子综合征” 解、推理 教育改革及其对社会的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及教育
现象及其影 判断。 知识，帮助读者理解教育的重要性、教育方法的多样性以
响，并强调 及教育改革的必要性。随着教育理念的不断更新和教育技
努力的重要 术的快速发展，教育类话题在考试中越来越受到重视。
性
At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome (综合征)”. Like ducks,
students appear to move gracefully (优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up.
Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford
students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they
start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. This comes at a
high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true geniuses
achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less capable.
In an effort to challenge this misconception, researchers designed an experiment. Participants were asked toobserve a series of colors carefully while scientists tracked their brain activity throughout the process. The
experiment was divided into two parts: one with easily distinguishable colors and the other with colors that were
quite similar, requiring more effort to differentiate. As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable
increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning.
The study reveals that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. Growth doesn’t
come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without
effort, even our inborn talents will fade over time.
This pushes us to reconsider the underlying culture that might lead to this phenomenon. Instead of focusing
too much on outcomes or singing high praise for inborn talents, we should emphasize the learning process and
continuous improvement. By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence
is not fixed but grows through hard work. Such a shift would not only reduce the pressures associated with the
“Stanford Duck Syndrome”, but also have a profound impact on personal development and the future of education.
1．What phenomenon does the “Stanford Duck Syndrome” probably describe?
A．Prioritizing effort over well-being.
B．Relieving stress through social activities.
C．Displaying graceful images to attract others.
D．Hiding hard work to appear naturally gifted.
2．How does the experiment in paragraph 3 challenge the misconception?
A．By showing effort fuels the brain activity.
B．By proving focus enhances brain function.
C．By linking color recognition to intelligence.
D．By associating careful observation with talent.
3．What is the author’s main concern about “Stanford Duck Syndrome”?
A．It values the learning process over outcomes.
B．It causes stress and false ideas about success.
C．It prevents students from recognizing their talents.
D．It makes students prioritize socializing over studying.
4．Which of the following might the author agree with?
A．Fortune favors those with a clear vision.
B．Sweat is the ink that writes a masterpiece.
C．Work in silence and let success make the noise.D．Keep moving forward even when no one sees it.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
341 赞美需可 说明文 细节理 教育类说明文主要围绕教育体系、教学方法、学习策略、
信、恰当， 解、推理 教育改革及其对社会的影响展开。这类文章旨在普及教育
否则无效或 判断。 知识，帮助读者理解教育的重要性、教育方法的多样性以
有害 及教育改革的必要性。随着教育理念的不断更新和教育技
术的快速发展，教育类话题在考试中越来越受到重视。
It is widely believed that words of praise can greatly improve relationships. But researchers have also found
that they can be ineffective, even destructive. The result depends on whether they are believable, appropriate and
unqualified.
To begin with, good praise must not be in conflict with its receiver’s self-conception. If you tell me my hair
looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motivation, because there is barely any hair on my head. More
generally, people with low self-respect don’t usually receive praise well, probably because it does not ring true with
their negative view of themselves, and so they discount it. Other reasons why some people resist words of praise
include a desire not to appear superior.
Even if the praise agrees with one’s self-conception, a study in 2022 concluded that it must meet three
criteria to be accepted by its object: It must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere, and it
must occur in the appropriate context.
Consider, for example, how you’d respond to praise from a salesperson you have never met before. You’d
probably find that kind of praise unbelievable, because the salesperson doesn’t know you well enough to judge your
true qualities and he is simply buttering you up to make a sale.
Some words of praise are not just ineffective. They actually cause harm. My Harvard colleagues Alison
Wood Brooks and Michael Norton have conducted research into backhanded praise, which puts someone down by
comparing their good quality with a negative standard. An example of destructive praise would be “You look pretty
good for a bald guy” — not that I’m insecure or anything — because this sets such a low ceiling on the praise.
Other ways to give negative praise include comparisons with past failure (“This paper is certainly better than
the last one”), or with poor expectations (“Your work is better than I expected”). In their experiments, the authors
found that the praisers thought these backhanded comparisons were positive, but both recipients and third-party
observers disagreed.
1．According to the text, what should we do before we praise someone?
A．Analyze the listener. B．Find the sweetest words.
C．Appear to be superior. D．Change the self-conception.2．Which example mentioned in the text fails to meet all the three criteria in the 2022 study?
A．The teacher’s surprise. B．The student’s revised paper.
C．The salesperson’s praise. D．People with low self-respect.
3．Why does the author respond negatively to the praise in paragraph 5?
A．He has a low self-respect. B．The standard is too low.
C．He is a very modest person. D．There is little hair on his head.
4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A．To analyze the effects of proper praise. B．To tell the harm of uninvited praise.
C．To explain why words of praise work. D．To show the possible traps of praise.
十、语言研究类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
341 人类语言交 说明文 细节理 语言研究类说明文主要围绕语言学理论、语言现象、语言
流特点及反 解、推理 习得、语言与文化的关系等展开。这类文章旨在普及语言
语在交流中 判断。 学知识，帮助读者理解语言的本质、语言的使用及其在社
的作用 会和文化中的作用。随着全球化的发展和多语言的普及，
语言研究类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解
的重要题型之一。
It’s a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: “She said she was okay with me forgetting
her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related? ”
The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It’s how those words are said, the tone, the order,
even the choice of a particular word. It’s multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in
Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got
angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter
must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words
— a totally different context.
Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound,
one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works
best when emitter (发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. ” Not so for humans. We communicate more
than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we
understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. .
Irony (反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It
is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, “That was fun”, she isneither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying “ironically” that the party was boring. Rather, she is
expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language’s efficiency.
Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two
unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context
for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning.
1．What does the complaint in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate?
A．The inconsistence between words and meaning. B．The importance of remembering vital moments.
C．The necessity of straightforward communication. D．The unavoidability of argument in a couple's life.
2．What may make human language different from true codes?
A．The context included in understanding meanings.
B．The definitions made by words in communication.
C．The coded communication between emitter and receiver.
D．The one-to-one relationship between word and meaning.
3．How does Mary’s statement “That was fun” illustrate about irony?
A．It simplifies language to save time. B．It covers the true feelings of people.
C．It needs wordy explanations to make sense. D．It uses fewer words for complex meanings.
4．What does the author suggest in communication?
A．Focusing on the opposite. B．Taking language literally.
C．Reading beyond the words. D．Avoiding using ironic tones.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
345 Ulum Dalska 说明文 细节理 语言研究类说明文主要围绕语言学理论、语言现象、语言
组织为保护 解、推理 习得、语言与文化的关系等展开。这类文章旨在普及语言
濒危语言 判断、词 学知识，帮助读者理解语言的本质、语言的使用及其在社
Elfdalian语 义猜测。 会和文化中的作用。随着全球化的发展和多语言的普及，
所做出的多 语言研究类话题在考试中越来越受到重视，成为阅读理解
种努力和面 的重要题型之一。
临的挑战
An organization called Ulum Dalska, located in a small Swedish town called Älvdalen, is on a mission. For
decades, members have been working hard to help save a language called Elfdalian, the remains of Old Norse.
Elfdalian, which press secretary Björn Rehnström said was hit by the popularity of Swedish about 100 years
ago, sounds nothing like the country’s national language — Swedish. At that point, Elfdalian became stigmatized.
Ulla Schütt, a Ulum Dalska member, saw the impact first-hand while growing up in Älvdalen. “My parents
spoke Elfdalian with everyone else around,” Schütt said. “But when they turned to me, they spoke Swedish.” That’swhat was spoken in schools. Students were even discouraged from speaking Elfdalian in the classroom.
Now, there’re only about 2,500 speakers left. But people are getting creative in the fight to change that trend.
The language is getting a boost on Minecraft. Musicians are releasing new songs with Elfdalian lyrics (歌词).
Several children’s books were also translated into Elfdalian. Additionally, Rehnström helps run a popular online
group that offers courses in the Elfdalian language, where he posts lessons to the group’s 1,800 global members.
The local government supports the teaching and preservation of Elfdalian. The language is also recognized
on an international level. In 2016, it was assigned an ISO language code, which helps the Internet distinguish one
language from another.
But the national government of Sweden is a different story. They currently consider Elfdalian a dialect of
Swedish, not its own language. Speaking in Elfdalian, Swedish MP Peter Helander recently asked Parliament (国
会)why that’s the case. But before Culture Minister Amanda Lind could answer the question, the parliamentary
speaker Luca interrupted them both to say that only Swedish may be spoken.
Schütt said every time a language dies — which some research suggests is as often as once every two weeks
— it is a sad moment. To her, losing Elfdalian would be an especially tragic loss. Getting Elfdalian recognized as a
language by the Swedish government, she added, is key to making sure that it doesn’t disappear.
1．What is the task of Ulum Dalska?
A．To promote a small Swedish town. B．To protect an endangered language.
C．To figure out the remains of Old Norse.D．To teach town residents a new language.
2．What does the underlined word “stigmatized” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Celebrated. B．Disrespected. C．Documented. D．Reorganized.
3．What attitude does Rehnström probably hold towards Elfdalian?
A．Favorable. B．Tolerant. C．Objective. D．Dismissive.
4．What does Schütt think is essential to the protection of Elfdalian?
A．Releasing more songs in Elfdalian. B．Getting international recognition.
C．Setting up online language groups. D．Seeking the national government’s support.