11. 【阅读理解和七选五变式练】
2025 届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题（解析版）
变式练：文本不变，重设试题
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Earning an MBA is a lifelong investment that can send your career — and salary — to new heights. Through
our flagship Fortune Recommends ranking, we hope to help the next generation of leaders discover the best MBA
program for their future.
University of Chicago
Its MBA program has on average about 50 students per course, and candidates tend to have over five years of
work experience. The application process requires submission of GMAT and/or GRE scores as well as two letters
of recommendation. International students can submit proof of English proficiency. The round three deadline is
April 3, and there is a $250 application fee.
Columbia University
It requires applicants to self-report a valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score when applying.
English proficiency exams are not required for international students. On average, there are around 68 students per
core course. Multiple enrollment deadlines are available for the fall semester, and the application fee is $250.
Stanford University
Applicants must submit results from either the GMAT or GRE exam as well as two letters of recommendation.
International students must supply proof of English proficiency via TOEFL, PTE, or IELTS. The final deadline to
apply is April 8, and the application fee is $275.
University of Michigan
There are about 75 students in each MBA core class, and students have close to six years of work experience.
One letter of recommendation is needed to apply, and international students must provide proof of English
proficiency. The final deadline to apply is March 4, and the application fee is $250.
21. What is the main purpose of the Fortune Recommends ranking?
A. To introduce different MBA programs’ tuition fees.
B. To help students find the most suitable MBA program for their future.
C. To show the work experience requirements of various MBA programs.
D. To compare the application deadlines of different universities’ MBA programs.
22. If an international student wants to apply for an MBA at Columbia University, what is NOT required?
A. A valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score.
B. Proof of English proficiency.
C. An application fee of $250.
D. Meeting one of the multiple enrollment deadlines for the fall semester.23. Which university has the latest application deadline among the four?
A. University of Chicago.
B. Columbia University.
C. Stanford University.
D. University of Michigan.
答案：21. B 22. B 23. C
解析：
21. 由文章第一段 “Through our flagship Fortune Recommends ranking, we hope to help the next generation of
leaders discover the best MBA program for their future.” 可知，《财富》推荐排名的主要目的是帮助学生找到
最适合自己未来的 MBA 项目，B 选项正确；A 选项学费、C 选项工作经验要求、D 选项申请截止日期
比较均不是其主要目的。
22. 根据 Columbia University 部分 “English proficiency exams are not required for international students.” 可
知，国际学生申请哥伦比亚大学的 MBA 项目不需要提供英语水平证明，B 选项符合题意；A 选项有效
成绩、C 选项申请费、D 选项满足秋季学期的多个招生截止日期之一均是申请要求。
23. 对比四所大学的申请截止日期，University of Chicago 是 4 月 3 日，Columbia University 有多个截止
日期（未明确最晚日期，但均早于其他明确最晚日期的学校） ，Stanford University 是 4 月 8 日，
University of Michigan 是 3 月 4 日，所以 Stanford University 的申请截止日期最晚，C 选项正确。
B
Ben was eleven years old when he spotted his neighbour, Julie, working in her garden. He popped his head
over the fence, and said to her, “I’ve seen you’re very good with a lawn mower (割草机) and gardening tools. The
hedge (树篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would
you like to help out?”
Julie loved the idea of helping Ben and their community. They agreed to cut the hedge the following Sunday.
Ben’s brother Josh, aged 8 at the time, also came along to help. All three of them tackled away at it until they
reduced it.
They posted photos of their handiwork on “Our Malmesbury”, their local Facebook Group. The community
reaction was amazing. The comments and reactions just kept on coming. The whole town of Malmesbury seemed
to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead. Manypeople raised their hands to volunteer and
do more to keep their town tidy. With many willing hands, their town has transformed. Before, the town looked a
bit run down, but now, the place looks cleaner and tidier.
To keep the projects going, Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their projects. Their Facebook
Page “Helping The Community Of Malmesbury” currently sits at 669 members and is a place for all the locals to
share what litter picking and cleaning up they have been up to. Ben also managed to sort funding through local
businesses and associations. The funding has helped them obtain trees, plants, tools, and gardening equipment.
When community members plan a clean-up, they can contact them via the website to access any tools andequipment they need to complete a project.
Ben is so pleased that 6 years later, the clean up campaign is still in full-swing. He has just been so
overwhelmed with the support over the years that he cannot thank the community enough. Their mission will not
stop.
24. Why did Ben invite Julie to help?
A. Because he needed someone to take photos of their work.
B. Because he thought Julie was good at using gardening tools.
C. Because he wanted to start a community project with her.
D. Because he was too young to cut the hedge alone.
25. What was the result of Ben, Julie and Josh’s action?
A. They received many donations from local businesses.
B. They became famous in the whole country.
C. They inspired the whole town to clean up and transform the town.
D. They were awarded by the local government.
26. What does Ben do to keep the clean - up projects going?
A. He asks community members to raise funds together.
B. He collects old tools and equipment from the locals.
C. He creates an online platform and sorts out funding.
D. He organizes regular meetings for volunteers.
27. What can we conclude from the story?
A. Small actions can make a big difference.
B. It’s important to have a good plan before starting work.
C. Children should be encouraged to help others.
D. Teamwork is more important than individual effort.
答案：24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A
解析：
24. 从文章第一段 “I’ve seen you’re very good with a lawn mower (割草机) and gardening tools. The hedge (树
篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would you like
to help out?” 可知，Ben 邀请 Julie 帮忙是因为觉得她擅长使用园艺工具，B 选项正确；A 选项拍照、C
选项开展社区项目、D 选项自己太年轻均不符合文意。
25. 根据文章第三段 “The whole town of Malmesbury seemed to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to
follow their lead. Many people raised their hands to volunteer and do more to keep their town tidy. With many
willing hands, their town has transformed.” 可知，他们的行动激励了全镇人进行清洁，改变了小镇，C 选项
正确；A 选项收到很多捐赠、B 选项在全国出名、D 选项被当地政府奖励文中均未提及。
26. 由文章第四段 “To keep the projects going, Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their
projects... Ben also managed to sort funding through local businesses and associations.” 可知，Ben 创建了在线平台并筹集资金来维持清洁项目，C 选项正确；A 选项让社区成员一起筹款、B 选项收集旧工具设备、D
选项组织志愿者定期会议均与原文不符。
27. 文章讲述了 Ben 等人修剪树篱的小行动，引发了全镇的清洁行动，使小镇发生巨大变化，说明小行动
也能产生大影响，A 选项正确；B 选项开始工作前要有好计划、C 选项应鼓励孩子帮助他人、D 选项团
队合作比个人努力更重要均不是文章主旨。
C
Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to
heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed
and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage (雨污排水) systems. As they become
overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could the way that cities are growing be
making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding?
Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of
“sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods.
Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by
this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one
study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks.
This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used
to be washed into the sea.
Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The
Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the
outside, and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people to water plants
or wash toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize
the system’s ability to absorb rainwater.
Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions
have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What
remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods
save many more people from flooding.
28. What contributes to the increased risk of city flooding?
A. The decrease in the number of storm drains.
B. The poor management of sewerage systems.
C. The growth of city population.
D. The expansion of cities and the covering of land with concrete.
29. What is the main function of “sponge cities”?
A. To increase the amount of rainfall.
B. To reduce the construction of buildings.
C. To absorb water and reduce flood risks.
D. To improve the quality of river water.
30. What can we know about the “sponge city” approach in Amsterdam?A. It only uses natural methods like riverside parks.
B. It relies on high - tech methods such as blue - green roofs.
C. It can’t deal with large - scale floods.
D. It has no effect on reducing pollutants.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the “sponge city” concept?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Objective.
D. Negative.
答案：28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C
解析：
28. 由文章第一段 “but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is
absorbed and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage (雨污排水) systems. As they
become overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases.” 可知，城市扩张和土地被混
凝土覆盖导致吸收的水减少，排水系统不堪重负，从而增加了城市洪水风险，D 选项正确；A 选项雨水
渠数量减少、B 选项排水系统管理不善、C 选项城市人口增长文中未提及。
29. 根据文章第二段 “Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of “sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to
soak up water - like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods.” 可知，“海绵城市” 的主要功能是吸水并
降低洪水风险，C 选项正确；A 选项增加降雨量、B 选项减少建筑建设、D 选项改善河水质量均不是其
主要功能。
30. 从文章第三段 “Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high - tech method can be seen in
Amsterdam. The Dutch city has installed blue - green roofs on a number of buildings.” 可知，阿姆斯特丹的
“海绵城市” 方法依赖于如蓝绿屋顶这样的高科技手段，B 选项正确；A 选项只使用自然方法错误；C
选项不能应对大规模洪水、D 选项对减少污染物没有效果文中未提及。
31. 文章介绍了 “海绵城市” 的概念、应用以及存在的争议，作者只是客观地阐述相关内容，没有明显
的主观倾向，态度是客观的，C 选项正确；A 选项怀疑的、B 选项积极的、D 选项消极的均不符合作者
态度。
D
The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object
and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower
self-esteem.
The researchers suggested that photo editing behavior may contribute to feelings of self-perception as an
object and basing one’s worth on appearance, especially among sensitive groups like young adults. They
emphasized the need for further research to explore the impact of photo editing on mental health outcomes and
understand why people engage in this behavior.The study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues. Firstly, the data was
collected through self-report measures, which may be biased (偏见). Secondly, the study design was cross-
sectional, which means causality (因果) cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not
representative of the entire population of young adults who use social media.
This study highlights the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo
editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. Interventions aimed at
reducing excessive (过度的) social media use or promoting healthier engagement with social media could have
positive effects on the mental well-being of young people.
“Reality is harder to understand as it appears on the surface,” the researchers wrote. “The description of reality
is a constructive attempt which is up to hidden issues of the editors. The description of reality is usually not a
documentary but part of a narrative which the photo editor intends to project on the public screen.” “By
understanding the underlying narrative, the contrast between natural appearance and edited photo of it is getting
obvious. Because photo editing is likely to be popular in the future, the focus of psycho-education as part of a
psychological intervention technique should be a sensibilization for the widespread use of corresponding
techniques.”
32. What is the finding of the study?
A. Young adults always base their worth on appearance.
B. Photo editing behavior has no impact on mental health.
C. Higher levels of photo editing are related to lower self - esteem in young adults.
D. Sensitive groups like young adults are more likely to edit photos.
33. What are the limitations of the study?
①The data collection method may be inaccurate.
②The study design can’t determine causality.
③The sample size is too large to analyze.
④The sample is not representative of all young social media users.
A. ①②③
B. ①②④
C. ①③④
D. ②③④
34. What does the text suggest to improve young people’s mental well - being?
A. Encouraging them to edit photos more creatively.
B. Reducing their overall social media use.
C. Making them focus on their studies instead of social media.
D. Teaching them how to edit photos properly.
35. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A science magazine.
B. A travel guide.C. A fashion magazine.
D. A sports newspaper.
答案：32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A
解析：
32. 由文章第一段 “The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self -
perception as an object and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn,
were related to lower self - esteem.” 可知，研究发现年轻人中高水平的照片编辑与较低的自尊心有关，C 选
项正确；A 选项年轻人总是以貌取人过于绝对；B 选项照片编辑行为对心理健康无影响与原文不符；D
选项文中未提及敏感群体更易编辑照片。
33. 文章第三段指出研究的局限性：Firstly, the data was collected through self - report measures, which may be
biased (偏见). Secondly, the study design was cross - sectional, which means causality (因果) cannot be
determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not representative of the entire population of young
adults who use social media. 即数据收集方法可能不准确、研究设计无法确定因果关系、样本量小且不具代
表性，①②④正确，③样本量太大错误，所以选 B。
34. 根据文章第四段 “Interventions aimed at reducing excessive (过度的) social media use or promoting
healthier engagement with social media could have positive effects on the mental well - being of young people.”
可知，减少年轻人过度使用社交媒体有助于改善他们的心理健康，B 选项正确；A 选项鼓励更有创意地编
辑照片、C 选项让他们专注学习、D 选项教他们正确编辑照片均不符合文意。
35. 文章主要是关于照片编辑行为与年轻人心理健康关系的研究，属于科学研究范畴，最有可能来自科学
杂志，A 选项正确；B 选项旅游指南、C 选项时尚杂志、D 选项体育报纸均不符合文章主题。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Xena Biffert, a district science consultant, started to do a lot of backward planning when taking students
outside to meet curricular (课程的) outcomes. This approach allows curriculum connection and encourages
students’ focus and interest to lead the way. Here are four tips for practicing backward planning with your students.
___36___
Know your curriculum.
Many topics arise organically, and you can cover them through mini-lessons along the way. One way to
deepen that knowledge is to print it out and make a habit of reviewing it daily. ___37___ First, you develop a
familiarity with it. Second, you can see where you can make that connection naturally where the students’ interests
meet.
Begin the year with a learning plan and a mind map.
Having guiding questions has helped Xena form and follow a plan for the year. ___38___ For example, “How
are we all interconnected?” and “What is our story?” She can assess outcomes using this plan throughout the school
year.
Get students outside regularly.___39___. This culture creates an opportunity to form and answer questions about what happens outdoors and
how it connects to other topics. As the emergent learning arises and there is daily reflection on it, knowledge and
understanding emerge. Through this intentional work and reflection, teachers will be well equipped to answer
questions in the process.
___40___
It is important for students to reflect on their observations. We often don’t get time to reflect in our fast-paced
classrooms. Often, reflection is combined with assessment. An easy starting point is journaling, because it is a
thought process accessible to students in every grade.
A. It’s essential to let students think independently.
B. This helps in creating a more student - centered learning environment.
C. These tips can help you make the most of outdoor learning experiences.
D. By doing so, you can better meet the diverse needs of your students.
E. Xena usually starts by asking some broad and thought - provoking questions.
F. Outdoor learning provides a unique chance for students to explore the world.
G. Journaling is a great way for students to record and reflect on their learning.
答案：
36. C 37. D 38. E 39. F 40. G
解析
36.上文提到 “Here are four tips for practicing backward planning with your students.”，C 选项 “These tips can
help you make the most of outdoor learning experiences.” 中的 “These tips” 与上文呼应，且说明了这些建议
对户外学习的作用，承接上文，所以选 C。
37.上文说 “One way to deepen that knowledge is to print it out and make a habit of reviewing it daily.”，D 选项
“By doing so, you can better meet the diverse needs of your students.” 中的 “By doing so” 指代上文每天复
习课程的做法，进一步阐述这样做的好处，所以选 D。
38.上文 “Having guiding questions has helped Xena form and follow a plan for the year.” 提到指导性问题，E 选
项 “Xena usually starts by asking some broad and thought - provoking questions.” 具体说明 Xena 通过问一些
宽泛且发人深省的问题来开始，与上文衔接，所以选 E。
39.小标题是 “Get students outside regularly.”，F 选项 “Outdoor learning provides a unique chance for students
to explore the world.” 强调户外学习的作用，与小标题及下文 “This culture creates an opportunity...” 相呼
应，所以选 F。
40.下文提到 “An easy starting point is journaling, because it is a thought process accessible to students in every
grade.”，G 选项 “Journaling is a great way for students to record and reflect on their learning.” 指出写日记是
学生记录和反思学习的好方法，与下文衔接紧密，所以选 G。
