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考点分类练(三) 推理判断题(1)
Passage 1 (2024 江西赣州一模)
主题:兄妹故事 词数:342 难度:★★★☆☆
Atop a hill in a garden,three children were having a heated discussion.“It’s not fair!”
Mag threw her bike to the ground.“Why won’t you let me have a go?” Paul exchanged
glances with his friend Billy,both planning a bike ramp(坡道) for an upcoming stunt(特技)
bike competition.“You’re too young for it,” Paul declared.Upset,Mag ran away.
Paul and Billy set out to build a bike ramp out of a wooden board and an upturned metal
bucket.One end of the board rested on the ground while the other rested on the bucket.The
hilly terrain seemed perfect for their plan.However,each attempt to ride the ramp ended with
the board out of place.
Determined to secure the board,Paul rushed to his father’s shed and returned with four
leftover house bricks.Placing them strategically,he hoped it would now hold for their stunt
attempts.
Paul gave Billy the thumbs-up,who was waiting at the hill’s highest point.Billy raised
himself off his seat.Riding down,he faced the strong wind,his helmet swinging.Absorbed in
their testing,neither noticed Mag approaching with her own plan.
Hidden behind a tree,Mag,seeing her chance,kicked the board off the bucket.Just at that
moment,Billy’s bike arrived and he simply could not brake in time.With no ramp,the bike
swung violently off course,heading directly toward the shed.
Reacting swiftly,Paul leaped aside,avoiding the bike’s path while Billy hit the shed door
with a loud bang.Mag,realizing her fault,began to sob in regret.
“Why did you do that?” Paul,dusting himself down,turned to face his
sister.Tearfully,Mag blurted,“You guys said I couldn’t have a go... ”
Paul’s anger faded away.He said gently,“You can’t take part in the sport,but you can
help us rebuild the ramp.” Smiling weakly,Mag put her hand in her big brother’s.They
headed over to help Billy,who was a little shaken but otherwise unhurt.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是三个孩子玩户外自行车特技的故事。
1.Why did Mag feel “It’s not fair!”?
A.She didn’t have a good bike.
B.She was too young to ride a bike.
C.She was refused to build the ramp.
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D.She was left out of the stunt bike training.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘Why won’t you let me have a go?’Paul
exchanged glances with his friend Billy,both planning a bike ramp for an upcoming stunt bike
competition.”可知,Mag 会觉得“这不公平!”是因为她不能参加特技自行车训练。
2.What was Mag’s plan?
A.To build her own bike ramp.
B.To apologize for her fault.
C.To damage the bike ramp.
D.To beg for Paul’s permission.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Absorbed in their testing,neither noticed Mag
approaching with her own plan.”,第五段中的“Hidden behind a tree,Mag,seeing her
chance,kicked the board off the bucket.”和“With no ramp,the bike swung violently off
course,heading directly toward the shed.”可知,Mag 的计划是破坏自行车坡道。
3.How did Mag feel before witnessing Billy hit the shed door?
A.Regretful. B.Cheerful.
C.Expectant.
D.Angry.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Upset,Mag ran away.”可知,刚开始Mag 很不高兴,
再根据倒数第三段中的“...Billy hit the shed door with a loud bang.Mag,realizing her
fault,began to sob in regret.”可知,Mag 在看到Billy 撞在小屋的门上之前是生气的,看见那
一幕之后是后悔的,故选D 项。
4.What was Paul like in the story?
A.Ambitious and selfless.
B.Caring and understanding.
C.Warm-hearted and courageous.
D.Humble and considerate.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Paul’s anger faded away.He said gently,‘You
can’t take part in the sport,but you can help us rebuild the ramp.’”和“They headed over to
help Billy,who was a little shaken but otherwise unhurt.”可知,Paul 很理解Mag 为什么那么
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
做,所以就不生气了,他也很关心Billy 的状况,因此可用caring 和understanding 来描述
Paul。
Passage 2 (2024 江苏苏锡常镇一模)
主题:给予能够带来幸福 词数:354
难度:★★★★☆
I grew up hearing that it is better to give than to receive,and the older I get,the more I
aim to take this message to heart.Nevertheless,here I am,in the midst of the holiday season
stressed out about gifts I have not yet purchased.
How did gift buying become an emotionally fraught chore(苦差事)? For a moment,it’s
easy to question if it’s worth it.But science tells me that giving makes us feel good.
“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness,” says Michael Norton,a
psychologist at Harvard Business School.He has published several studies on the effects of
giving.
In one experiment that included about 700 people,the researchers randomly assigned
participants to make either a purchase for themselves,or for a stranger.Afterwards,the
participants reported how happy they felt.It turned out that giving to others led to a significant
happiness boost,whereas spending on oneself didn’t move the needle.
“If you take $5 out of your pocket today,the science really does show that spending $5
on yourself doesn’t do much for you,” Norton says.“But spending that $5 on somebody else
is more likely to increase your happiness.”
Take a scarf.If you buy one for yourself,it’s just another thing you don’t necessarily
need.But if you buy a scarf for someone else,“you’ve shown them that they’re important to
you,” Norton says.Either way,it’s just a scarf.“But it can either be a throwaway object or
something that enhances a relationship between two people,” he says.
So,there’s evidence that generosity promotes happiness,but the process of
shopping,wrapping and schlepping(搬) gifts can be tiresome—or even extremely annoying
considering all of our day-to-day demands and other holiday stressors.
Studies also show when people are given something they are more likely to give
back.Reciprocity(互惠) is a foundation of good relationships and when we surround
ourselves with generous people,we tend to feel the same.Feeling that spirit of giving and the
connection it can bring is what the holidays are all about.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了给予能够带来幸福。
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
5.Why does the author mention his own experience in paragraph 1?
A.To make a prediction.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To present a reason.
D.To clarify a concept.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,第一段讲述了虽然作者明白给予比接受好,但
在节日期间自己总是因为买礼物的事情感到很有压力。接着第二段承上启下,从作者买
礼物的经历引出科学表明给予让人感觉良好,结合下文内容可知,本文围绕给予能够带来
幸福展开,由此可推测出,第一段提到作者自己的经历是为了引出话题。
6.How does Norton illustrate his opinion in paragraphs 5 and 6?
A.By listing data.
B.By giving examples.
C.By making comments.
D.By telling personal experiences.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段和第六段内容可知,这两段分别以5 美元和一条围巾的
例子讲述了给予的重要性。
7.Why is preparing a gift sometimes an emotionally fraught chore?
A.It’s difficult and expensive.
B.It happens frequently.
C.It’s not valued by others.
D.It requires much effort.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知,由于准备礼物需要花费精力,所以它有
时是个苦差事。
8.What can we learn about giving gifts from the text?
A.It is not worth the effort.
B.It is a must to enhance a relationship.
C.It brings about emotional benefits.
D.It gains popularity during holidays.
答案 C
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But science tells me that giving makes us feel
good.”和第三段中的“The act of giving actually does improve your happiness”可知,给予会
让人感觉良好,提升幸福感,由此可推测出,送礼物能够带来情绪上的益处。
Passage 3 (2024 山东济南一模)
主题:有声书 词数:359 难度:★★★★★
Like many people over the past few years,I have found myself turning to audiobooks as
my main means of reading literature.I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears”
while my eyes are resting.My consumption of new books has doubled as a result—but a
recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension.
The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel,both at the University of
Chicago,and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing.According to this
view,we have two ways of assessing information.System 1 is intuitive(直觉的),relying on
natural ability and feeling.It is quick,but likely exposed to misinformation.System 2 is
analytical involving the use of logic reasoning.It is mentally demanding.When it is
engaged,we think our way through the material step by step.For decades,psychologists have
designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using.As one
example,consider the following question:How many animals of each kind did Moses take on
the Ark(方舟)? If you answered two,you were probably only considering the core of the
question,which is System 1 thinking.To get to the right answer—zero,you need to think more
carefully about the wording,which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the
Ark,not Moses.That is the kind of analytical process.
Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form—seeing
vs.hearing—of the information would make a difference.They found that it did:when
answering these kinds of simple questions,participants were more likely to make errors when
the sentences were spoken out loud,rather than written.
A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information
that needs logical study.For this reason,I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes
rather than my ears.But I won’t stop listening to novels.I am quite happy to go with the flow
of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历
和体验展开,并引入了一项关于信息处理方式的研究,以此为基础探讨了有声书可能对阅
读理解产生的影响。
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9.What does the author think of listening to audiobooks?
A.It is economical.
B.It is demanding.
C.It is time-consuming.
D.It is relaxing.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like many people over the past few years,I
have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature.I find it far
more comfortable to ‘read with my ears’ while my eyes are resting.”以及最后一段中的
“But I won’t stop listening to novels.I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions
while my critical mind takes a break.”可知,作者认为听有声读物会让人放松。
10.Which of the following best describes System 2 model?
A.Fairly reliable.
B.Fully automatic.
C.Question-centered.
D.Emotion-involved.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“System 2 is analytical involving the use of
logic reasoning.It is mentally demanding.When it is engaged,we think our way through the
material step by step.”可知,System 2 涉及使用逻辑推理进行信息处理,它要求精神上的努
力,通过一步一步地思考材料来得出结论。因此,System 2 的结果相对可靠得多。
11.Why is the Ark mentioned in paragraph 3?
A.To present a fact.
B.To illustrate a view.
C.To introduce a topic.
D.To draw a conclusion.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“As one example,consider the following
question:How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark? If you answered
two,you were probably only considering the core of the question,which is System 1
thinking.To get to the right answer—zero,you need to think more carefully about the
wording,which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark,not Moses.That
is the kind of analytical process.”可知,作者提到方舟是为了举例说明一个观点,即System
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1 和System 2 在处理信息时的不同方式。通过提出“摩西在方舟上带了多少种动物?”
的问题,并解释正确答案是如何通过更仔细地考虑措辞得出的,作者展示了System 2 涉及
的逻辑推理过程。因此,提及方舟是为了阐明关于信息处理方式的观点。
12.What does the author intend to tell us?
A.Listening to books comes at a price.
B.Reading non-fiction books benefits.
C.Critical thinking is a must in reading.
D.Ways of processing information differ.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,作者通过分享自己使用有声书作为阅读方式的
经历,以及引入关于信息处理方式的研究,意在表明听书可能会以理解为代价。文章提到,
尽管听书让作者增加了阅读量,但研究结果显示,听书在处理某些信息时可能不如阅读书
面材料准确。特别是对于那些需要逻辑研究的信息,听书可能导致更多的错误。因此,作
者认为听书是有代价的,特别是在理解方面。
