02阅读理解推理判断题-2024年高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理+名校模拟试题精练(通用版)_英语(2)_一轮复习_2024年_2024高考英语一轮复习语篇理解技能梳理名校模拟试题精练_资料

02 阅读理解推理判断题
命题趋势简析
英语阅读能力的考查不但要求理解具体事实细节，也要求理解抽象的含义，既要求理解字面意思，又
要求理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻
辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行推理和判断。
英语推理判断题常用infer, imply,suggest, conclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpose等词提问，或提
问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如: can, could, might, would 等何其他表示可能性的副词或词组，如
probably, most likely等。
推理判断题考查的趋势分析：
(1)对特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理：做此类试题时，要善于某一段话中的'关键信息，即某些关键词
或短语去分析、推理判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
⑵整合全文(段)信息进行的推断：做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关
的有用信息，综合起来进行推理判断，确定最佳结论。
(3)利用语境的褒贬性进行的信息推断：几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主
人公的特定心理和情绪状态以及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基
础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子，对我
们掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特点几发展变化，从而进行正确的逻辑判断很有好处。
(4)根据文章的结论推断作者的态度：作者的态度、倾向是作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不
定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩
往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章中作者的
措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
(5)根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论：逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系
列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章
的内涵。做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路，预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按照事件发展的经过描
写，也可按因果关系、对比关系来描写。
(6)结合自己已有的知识进行推断：知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进
行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章意思的结论的的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。解答此
类题不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有充分的理解。
题型特征总览推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题, 一般在理解原文字面意义的基础上, 通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析
和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
（一）命题方式
(1)We can infer from the(first/last)paragraph that ______.
(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that ______.
(3)It can be concluded from the passage that ______.
(4)What can we infer/learn from the story?
(5)The main purpose of the passage is______.
(6)Where does this passage probably come from?
(7)What’s the author’s attitude towards. . . ?
（二）选项特征
1. 正确选项的特征
(1)一般根据原文内容, 一步即可推断出结果
(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念, 如only, never, all, absolutely等。正确答案一般比较模糊, 如often,
usually, might, possibly等
2. 干扰选项的特征
张冠李戴 把作者的观点与其他人的观点混在一起
无中生有 符合常识, 但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 利用原文的内容进行设计, 借题发挥, 曲解原文意思
扩缩范围 通过改变或去掉文章中的限制性词语, 将信息改变, 造成干扰
题型突破攻略
一、隐含推断题
隐含推断题主要考查考生对特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文逻辑关系，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理
解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。在解答这类题时，可采用“一步推导”法。即推理判断题的最近答
案原则：推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推出的好。推理判断题不是考查我们的想象力，
它实际是考查我们原文中的某一个点或几个点所涉及的问题读透了没有。因此做题时不能想得太多，推得
过远，是否把原文读懂才是关键。此类题目的题干一般包括以下五个动词：infer(推断)；conclude(推断，
得出结论)；indicate(暗示)；imply (暗示)；suggest(暗示)。【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says，“To give people a guilt－free
option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing，at
least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that
using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria
fashions to show it is eco－friendly.
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky.
C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
【分析】
·第一步 通读题目找出题干关键词：infer about wearing fur
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：To give people a guilt－free option that they can wear without someone
throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York.
·第三步 仔细比对选项：Morgan觉得在纽约，给予人们一种没有负罪感的选择，他们可以穿海狸鼠皮做
的衣服而不被人泼颜料——我认为是一件大事， 由此可推断出穿皮草具有风险性。
二、观点态度题
观点态度题是高考英语阅读理解常考的一种题型，也是考生很容易失分的一种题型。文章作者或文中
人物对某事物所持的情感、观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。常见的设问方式
有：
·How does the author feel about...?
·What does the author think of...?
·What is the author’s attitude towards/to...?
·The author’s attitude towards...can be described as ________．注意：
(1)关注首段首尾句，确定文章主题，判断作者的观点态度。
(2)关注but后表示观点态度的语句来判断作者或文中人物的观点。
(3)关注作者所举的例子或者所引用的话语，来判断文章作者或文中人物的态度倾向。
(4)关注文章语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。
(5)不要将个人的好恶态度糅进题中，要学会分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。
选项常用词汇
positive积极乐观的；optimistic乐观的；supportive支持的；hopeful有希望
肯定
的；promising有前途的；favourable赞许的
negative否定的，消极的；disapproving 不赞成的；critical 批评的；
否定
unfavourable不赞同的
怀疑 suspicious可疑的，怀疑的；doubtful可疑的
客观 objective客观的；neutral中立的；skeptical怀疑的
注意：以下选项一般不是答案
(1)subjective主观的，一般说明性的文章一定是客观叙述的；
(2)indifferent漠不关心的，作者既然写文章描述，就一定不会漠不关心。
【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spoke more
with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother－in－law.”
And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it？Yes，
I think I would.”
29．What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother－in－law?
A．Positive. B．Carefree.
C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.
【分析】
·第一步 通读题目找出题干关键词：Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother－in－law
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：“From my standpoint，it all seems to work very well.Would I
recommend it? Yes，I think I would.”
·第三步 仔细比对选项：尼克对于与岳母住在一起持积极的态度。
三、写作意图题
通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想
法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力，是阅读理解题中较高层次的题目，它与文章主题不同，但又关系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意题的一种变体。
1.从写作手法推断写作目的
2.从字里行间推断写作目的
在阅读中，有时作者并未把写作意图说出来，需要阅读者在阅读、理解整体语篇的基础上，根据字面意思，
通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的写作意图。
【典型例题】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读C)
In the mid－1990s，Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months，
physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later，still attracted to the country，he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit，however，ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book，Chasing the Sea：Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia，which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan，where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land，and of the people he meets on his way：Rustam，his translator，a lovely 24－year－old who
picked up his colorful English in California，Oleg and Natasha，his hosts in Tashkent，and a string of foreign aid
workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan，made of friendliness and warmth，but also its darker side of society.In
Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders，while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana，he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange
drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan，he is saddened by the dust storms，diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references，making his tale a well－rounded picture
of Uzbekistan，seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American，as well as his
delicate stomach.As the author explains，this is neither a travel nor a history book ，or even a piece of
reportage.Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book.B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer.
D．To recommend a travel destination.
【分析】
·第一步 审读题目找出题干关键词：the purpose of this text
·第二步 从字里行间推断写作目的：迅速读懂原文理清文章脉络：文章开头引出汤姆·比塞尔写书的背景，
从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价。
·第三步 仔细比对选项：全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者介绍并推荐这本书。
四、文章出处/读者对象题
文章出处要从文章结构、语言特色和标志信息着手，结合文章的具体内容来断定。确定读者对象要从
文章内容和文章措辞来判断。
1.熟知文体判文章出处
2.确定读者对象
【典型例题】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric (生物测
量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e－spaces.At present，these technologies
are still expensive，though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low－cost device (装置) that gets around this
problem：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types andthe pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the
keyboard can determine people’s identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the
computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
【分析】
·第一步 确定题干中的关键信息：this text most likely from
·第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers from
Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low－cost device...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，low－
cost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。
·第三步 结合文章的具体内容合理推断得出答案：科研报道最有可能出现在杂志上。
名校资源学练
1
（2023春·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）When you hear the beginning of your
favorite song from the radio, suddenly your neck is covered in goose bumps.
It's such a thing that a group of scientists call “skin excitement”—a feeling of cold caused not by a drop in
temperature or sudden scare, but by the sense of beauty. “Skin excitement” can come from a song, a painting, a
moving movie scene, or even a beloved memory-pretty much anything that causes the giving out of pleasure-
soaked dopamine in your brain. But it does not come for all of us.
Your favorite music uncovers a lot about your personality，and so does how you respond to that music.
Studies suppose that as few as 55 percent of people experience “skin excitement” when listening to music. And if
you count yourself among this group, the goose bumps on your skin aren't the only giveaway—scientists can read it
in your brain, too. In a new study published in the journal Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Harvard
researchers performed brain scans on 10 students who said they reliably got cold when listening to music, and 10
students who didn't. They found that the cold-prone brains may really be excited by stronger emotions.
Cold-prone brains are generally more likely to show stronger emotional intelligence than no-cold brains. Cold-
prone minds tend to have unusual active imagination, reflect more deeply on their emotions, and appreciate nature
and the beauty of music and art to a stronger degree than no-cold brains.So, what type of music causes the chills? It seems that the type is not so important; participants in the new
study reported getting cold from songs of every kind. And any song connected with a strong emotional memory of
the listener can produce the most reliable results. For me, that's the song Sailing to Philadelphia by Mark Knopfler,
which I listened to as a kid in the car with my dad, on the way to the summer camp.
1. What can we learn about “skin excitement” in the text?
A. It helps to produce doparmine.
B. It is caused by the pain in the skin.
C. It can be experienced by every music listener.
D. It is the human body's reaction to something nice.
2. What does the new study by Harvard researchers mainly find?
A. The percentage of music lovers in students.
B. The solutions to the goose bumps on one's skin.
C. The differences between cold-prone and no-cold brains.
D. The relationship between one's music preference and personality.
3. What are people with cold-prone brains like?
A. Beautiful and intelligent. B. Emotional and dishonest.
C. Imaginative and sensitive. D. Brave and strong-minded.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Responses to Music Vary among People
B. A Feeling of Cold Is Caused by Horrible Music
C. Your Favorite Music Reveals Your Personality
D. Favorite Music May Bring Forth Goose Bumps
2
（2023秋·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈师大附中校考期末）When you think of the Himalayas, you may picture
tall, rocky, snow-covered peaks. But that’s not true.
The subnival (亚冰雪的) region is the zone between the treeline and the snowline. It is 5 to 5 times as large as
the areas of glaciers and permanent snow, which means studying it is vital to understanding the Himalayas as a
whole.
The treeline is the edge of an ecosystem where trees are able to grow, and beyond the treeline environmental
conditions become too tough to allow tree growth. Meanwhile, snowlines are the boundaries on mountains that
separate areas with permanent snow (where snow is present for the majority of the year) from areas with seasonalor no snow.
Researchers used satellite data from 1993 to 2018 to measure plant cover between 4,150 meters and 6,000
meters above sea level. The scientists discovered that the greatest increase in plant cover was between an altitude of
5,000 meters and 5,500 meters. Subnival plants mostly include small shrubs and grasses.
Even areas once completely occupied by glaciers now hold rocks covered with mosses, lichen, and sometimes
even flowers. In addition, the snowline seems to be retreating, while the treeline is expanding. This shows that the
region is becoming warmer, causing more melting of snow and allowing vegetation to move up in height.
In the past 40 years, 25% of all Himalayan ice has been lost due to global warming. Himalayan glaciers are
reducing by about 0.5 meters each year. The rate of glacier melting has doubled in this decade. The melting of
glaciers increases water in the region, making it wetter. Receding snow also forces the snowline to move up,
providing a greater amount of area for the warm and moist conditions, which are perfect for vegetation growth.
As of now, we do not know whether vegetation will accelerate or slow down the rate of glacier melting.
5. How does the writer develop the third paragraph?
A. By explaining concepts. B. By providing some examples.
C. By analyzing causes and effects. D. By listing specific data.
6. What does the underlined word “retreating” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. Disappearing. B. Lengthening. C. Withdrawing. D. Widening.
7. What is the direct effect of global warming on the Himalayas?
A. The snowline moves up. B. Glaciers are melting faster.
C. The subnival area is wetter. D. Plants grow much better.
8. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The climate of the Himalayas is changing.
B. Icebergs in the Himalayas have disappeared.
C. Plants are diverse in the Himalayas.
D. Plant life spreads in the Himalayas.
3
（2023·江苏盐城·盐城中学校考三模）Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So
did our close relatives, the bonobos, and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome
differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves
move around at the edge of extinction.
When our research group began its work almost 20 years ago, we discovered that dogs also have extraordinaryintelligence: they can read our gestures better than any other species. Wolves, in contrast, are mysterious and
unpredictable. Their home is the wilderness, and that wilderness is shrinking.
But not so long ago the evolutionary race between dogs and wolves was so close, it was unclear who would
win. Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolflike ancestor.
Folklore supposes that humans brought wolf puppies into camp and domesticated them. Or as wolf expert
David Mech wrote in 1974, “Evidently early humans tamed wolves and domesticated them, eventually selectively
breeding them and finally developing the domestic dog from them.” But this story has not held up. Taming an
animal occurs during its lifetime. Domestication happens over generations and involves changes to the genome.
So how did wolves turn into dogs? Back in the Ice Age, as our human populations grew more sedentary, we
probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our camps. These leavings would have included
tempting pieces of food for hungry wolves. Not every wolf would have been able to scavenge, however. These
animals would have had to be unafraid of humans, and if they displayed any aggression toward us, they would have
been killed. After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional selection by humans, this special
population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance. Coat color, ears, tails: all probably
started to change.
Animals that could respond to our gestures and voices would be extremely useful as hunting partners and
guards. They would have been valuable as well for their warmth and companionship, and slowly we would have
allowed them to move from outside our camps to our firesides. We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves
domesticated themselves.
9. What can be summarized about wolves and dogs from the first three paragraphs?
A. Wolves are smarter than dogs.
B. They are very much racially divided.
C. They are close relatives but dogs seem to be on the winning side.
D. Dogs have made their ways to indoor life while wolves to the wild.
10. What is the meaning of the underlined word “sedentary” in paragraph 5?
A. diverse B. limited
C. living in the same place D. involving regular migration
11. What does the author conclude from the history of dogs and wolves?
A. Dogs evolved from wolves.
B. Selective breeding developed domestic dogs.C. Taming and domesticating an animal are the same thing.
D. Friendliness as a quality translates into an evolutionary strategy.
12. Which of the following is suitable for a title?
A. From Wolf to Dog
B. Dog: Our Favorite Pet
C. An Intentional Domestication
D. A Competition Story between Wolf and Dog
4
（2023春·重庆·高三开学考试）Remember when your mom told you not to eat too many candy bars or
sweets because they can cause tooth decay (蛀牙)? However, it turns out that chocolate can be more salutary to
your teeth than you might expect. Recent studies show that chocolate can effectively fight against tooth decay, as if
we need another excuse to eat chocolate.
Chocolate offers protection like fluoride, a main ingredient in most household toothpastes. Not only does
chocolate protect our teeth, but it can do so very effectively. Studies show that chocolate has compounds that
provide strong protection for teeth. One of the compounds in chocolate, CBH, is shown to protect even more
effectively than fluoride.
Tooth decay happens when bacteria work to turn sugar into acids in our mouth. This is why eating foods with
high sugar content can lead to more tooth decay. The compounds in chocolate, however, are anti-bacteria and can
fight against bacteria in your mouth. The CBH compound in particular also works to strengthen tooth enamel (牙釉
质), and protects against tooth decay.
Does this mean you can cat as much chocolate as you want without worrying about your teeth? It depends on
the types of chocolate that you like. The protective effect of chocolate is most effective when you chew on cocoa
beans. Of course, this option is not very appealing to; most people. A more tasty option is to choose dark chocolate
with little sugar content, ideally no more than 6 to 8 grams per serving. For other types of chocolate with higher
sugar content, the effect will be lessened. However, because of the protective compounds, it is still better for your
teeth than other sweets and desserts containing the same amount of sugar.
13. The word “salutary” in paragraph 1 means?
A. Beneficial. B. Harmful. C. Familiar. D. Useless.
14. What can we know about the compound CBH in chocolate?
A. It can help chocolate cure tooth decay.B. It can effectively stop teeth from decaying.
C. It may protect teeth better than toothpastes do.
D. It may soon replace most household toothpastes.
15. How does chocolate fight tooth decay?
A. By breaking down acids. B. By building up compounds.
C. By fixing up tooth enamel. D. By fighting against bacteria.
16. What's the main idea of the text?
A. Chocolate plays the role of toothpaste.
B. Chocolate protects against tooth decay.
C. Chocolate is the best choice for teeth protection.
D. Chocolate is healthier to teeth than other sweets.
5
（2023·广东深圳·深圳市建文外国语学校校考一模）With over 4. 1 billion people, or around 55 percent of
the world’s population, living in urban areas, cities and towns worldwide are getting increasingly congested. In
addition to spending many hours stuck in traffic, residents are also exposed to high air pollution levels caused by
transportation emissions. Now, Saudi Arabia hopes to revolutionize urban living with “The Line”— a city designed
around nature, without cars and roads!
“The Line” is designed by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS). Located in NEOM — a
10,000-square-mile high-tech planned development on the Red Sea coast in the northwestern Saudi province of
Tabu — The Line will be the cornerstone of MBS s Saudi Vision 2030. The plan aims to diversify Saudi Arabia’s
oil-dependent economy into other sectors, like tourism, and create exciting job opportunities for its citizens.
The 105-mile-long city, expected to cost between $100 billion and $200 billion, will be built along a straight
line and is made up of several self-sustaining communities. To ensure all services are within a short, five-minute
walk, each community will feature a three-layer infrastructure (基础设施).
The top “pedestrian layer” will be void of cars and roads, allowing residents to freely walk and bike in the
surrounding green spaces. The second “service layer”, will include all essential daily services, such as schools,
leisure facilities and grocery stores. The third “spine layer” will house high-speed subway and autonomous vehicles
capable of transporting residents across communities in less than 20 minutes. The entire city will be powered with
renewable clean energy sources such as solar and wind, and possibly even hydrogen.
If all goes according to plan t construction of this complex project will start before the 1st quarter of 2021. Inaddition to providing up to a million residents with a clean and stress-free living environment, The Line is expected
to create 380,000 new jobs, start economic diversification, and contribute an astounding $ 48 billion to Saudi
Arabia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2030. More importantly, MBS believes it will provide governments
worldwide a “blueprint for how people and planet can co-exist in harmony.”
17. We can infer that “The Line” will be_________.
A. temporary B. primitive C. eco-friendly D. conventional
18. What is The Line meant to result in?
A. Low crime rates. B. High unemployment.
C. Super communities. D. Diverse economic sectors.
19. What can be found on the second layer?
A. Medical clinics. B. Bus stops.
C. Underground trains. D. Cycling lanes.
20. Which of the following is the best title?
A. Saudi Arabia Has Created A Green City With No Cars Or Streets
B. “The Line” Will Be The Cornerstone Of MBS's Saudi Vision 2030
C. “The Line”— Blueprint Of People And Animals Co-existing In Harmony
D. Saudi Arabia Announces “The Line”— A Low Carbon City Without Cars
6
（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）Last year, a popular restaurant released a live stream of a family
dining in it, without asking their permission. After finding out what the restaurant was doing, the family showed
their objection, but the restaurant ignored it and insisted that they had the right to do it. Moreover, they tried to
silence the family, saying that their behavior was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate
on the violation of privacy and portrait rights by webcasts.
It doesn't bother some people when their images are unconsciously recorded by cameras and shown through
live streams on different online platforms. They may even enjoy appearing on screens and cooperate with some
businesses. In that way, the restaurant can have more public exposure and thus attract more customers, which is
their purpose of webcasting. However, others including the family mentioned above, are against it. The family
thought that their portrait rights were violated, considering no one had asked if it was okay to use the images of
them. They found intolerable that their actions captured by the camera were webcast live to millions of viewers, not
to mention the fact that some of them were not so decent. Thus they demanded an apology from restaurant.People may behave in a relaxed way when eating or resting, and they don't want others to see them in this way.
Thus, from a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their customers for commercial reasons, they have violated
customers portrait rights.
Webcasting someone without his or her consent amounts to a violation of portrait rights, which is getting
increasingly common these days as cellphone webcasting is growing in popularity for technical convenience,
However, public awareness of privacy protection is still falling behind. More should be done to make sure
webcasting is developing sustainably, without violating people's legal rights.
21. What is the major issue argued in the passage?
A. A famous restaurant published a live stream of a family dining in it.
B. The family showed their objection to the famous restaurant's webcast.
C. The restaurant ignored the objection and insisted they had the right to do it.
D. The restaurant claimed that the family was damaging the restaurant's image.
22. What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Customers enjoy appearing on screens.
B. Customers cooperate with some businesses.
C. Customers are shown through live streams online.
D. Customers are unconsciously recorded by cameras.
23. Which of the following behaviors may violate customers' privacy and portrait rights?
A. Businesses webcast customers live according to their agreement.
B. Businesses webcast customers for commercial reasons and pay them.
C. Businesses webcast customers improper actions with their permission.
D. Businesses webcast customers behaving in a relaxed way without informing them.
24. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Public awareness of privacy protection is increasing
B. A famous restaurant released a live stream of a family
C. How can people behave in a relaxed way when having a rest
D. A debate on whether webcasts violate privacy and portrait rights
25. What is the author's attitude toward webcasts?
A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Positive. D. Subjective.
7
（2023·广西贵港·统考三模）Cory, aged 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very young age. Because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mother, Sandy
Gilbreath, raised him as a single parent. Although taking care of a child with a disability was challenging, she
ensured that Cory didn't miss out on the fun things in life. Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks
throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of
visiting all seven continents.
Fortunately, Cory was able to do that just before the COVID-19 started. He and his mother traveled to
Antarctica in February, just before the borders closed. It was the seventh and final continent off his list. He became
the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!
According to Cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his
research six to twelve months before each trip, making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the
location. He would also call up hotels or rental homes to confirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim to be.
When Cory started going on adventures, there weren't many online resources discussing accessible travel. To
help other travelers with disabilities explore the world as he does, he decided to share his knowledge in his blog.
Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community, Cory and his mother wrote a children's
book, titled Let's Explore with Cor Cor, which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered
wheelchair.
Traveling to all seven continents wasn't something I was sure was going to be possible," he said. "But if you
stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless."
26. What made Cory Lee decide to visit all seven continents?
A. His mother's expectation.
B. His travelling experiences.
C. His dream of helping others.
D. His objective of making a history.
27. What worries Cory most about a trip?
A. Rental fees.
B. Local attractions.
C. Accommodation.
D. Transportation.
28. Why did Cory and his mother write the book?
A. To enrich online resources.B. To record travelling events.
C. To help people with special needs.
D. To introduce wheelchair adventures.
29. What can we learn from Cory's story?
A. Nothing can prevent a determined heart.
B. Disability can turn into an opportunity,
C. Travelling shapes a positive attitude.
D. Mom is the creator of children's dreams.
8
（2023 秋·广东深圳·高三统考期末）Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of
technologies to become more responsive to its residents' needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make
today's cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and
integrate that technology with city life.
Kris Carter rolled out Boston's smart city program in 2014. It started with an App that residents could
download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a
database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work.
The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts(警报) came from wealthier
neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone - equipped residents was highest. ＂The complaints from
the App didn't always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs, " explains Carter.
Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-
savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in
different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of
collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city's 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their
condition.
Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually
reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on
the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritize repair needs. But last year the group found that
walkers' mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to
identify sidewalk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods.
“Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where fasterrepairs would do the most good," says Carter,"We're really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best
solves the problem."
30. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The citizens' life. B. The city's reputation.
C. The city's management. D. The benefits of technology.
31. What problem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying out their program?
A. They faced many technical obstacles.
B. They couldn't serve all residents well.
C. They were not supported by residents.
D. They were annoyed by being short-staffed.
32. Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with?
A. Maximizing the benefits of technology.
B. Mixing approaches for solving problems.
C. Giving full play to the power of residents.
D. Letting tech companies be a leading role.
33. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A Smart City: More Than Just Tech
B. A City with Intelligent Facilities
C. Joint-effort in City Construction
D. The Modernization of a City
9
（2023·北京·北京交通大学附属中学校考三模）To increase your chances of landing an assignment for a
travel guidebook, you need to find out what the publishers are looking for. Here are links to their submission
guidelines with a few special requirements and tips.
Fonor's
Fonor's is a publishing company of both travel guidebooks and online content covering thousands of
destinations worldwide. Visit Fonors. com/about-us, and near the bottom of the page you'll find "Write for Us"
with information for submitting articles. Do remember to attach a copy of one of your other works when
contributing.
☆TIP: Fonor's always hires writers who live in the destinations they cover. So, it's good to remember: While
you may want to write about a foreign destination, more than likely you're closer to being an expert about the placewhere you live.
Workman
Workman publishes unique and unexpected travel guides such as 1, 000 Places to See Before You Die, and
The Food Lover's Guide to Paris. Consider them if you're interested in writing a nontraditional travel guide. You
can find their submission guidelines at workman. com/work-with-us. They require a typical nonfiction book
proposal with a suggested table of contents and author information. A chapter of your other books is also required.
Send your submissions to submissions@workman.com.
☆TIP: If they don't accept your article, you might be lucky enough to get feedback about why.
Lonely Planet
Writers can get in touch with Lonely Planet by visiting their "Become a Contributor" page at
LonelyPlanet.com/contribute. At that page you'll find a form asking for a resume（简历）and links to your other
writing, but there's also space for more travel-related information such as geographical knowledge and level of
fluency in relevant languages.
☆TIP: You'll find they also accept articles for "Travel News". If they say yes, you may get another chance for
a bigger job such as a guidebook.
For more information on publishers, please visit ContributorsDigest.com.
34. This passage is mainly for _______________.
A. guides B. writers
C. travelers D. publishers
35. Who may provide advice on how to improve articles?
A. Fonor's. B. Workman.
C. Lonely Planet. D. Contributor's Digest.
36. What is required by all the companies?
A. Geographical knowledge. B. Nontraditional ideas.
C. Overseas experience. D. Previous writing.
10
（2023 春·重庆·高三重庆八中校考开学考试）When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began
learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to
heart in a way that set him apart from his schoolmates at his elementary school, P. S. 81, in the Bronx. “He told me
we drove too much and made too much pollution,” his dad, Jonathan Cane, told Runner’s World. So Simonconvinced his parents to start hanging their clothes to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green”
measures.
“For much of kindergarten and first grade I rode my bike to Simon’s school with him on the back,” Jonathan
said. “We had a lot of fun being outdoors. We’d stop to give our dog treats and generally enjoyed it.” As Simon got
bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s back, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together
— both because of safety concerns and because there was no place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time
they drove the 1. 5 miles to school.
But in 2019, when Simon was going into third grade, the 8-year-old came up with a new way to help the
planet: running the 1. 5 miles to P. S. 81. And Jonathan promised his son he’d join him for as long as he wanted.
“We did a test run one day in August, and decided to give it a go. To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨
眼)after it got really cold or rainy, but he never did,” Jonathan said. He recalled one day when the weather was
particularly bad. “It’s really raining out there today,” he told Simon. “And Simon said, ‘Well then we’re going to
get wet!’ He took pride in toughing it out, and it became a really fun family routine.”
Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even inspired his mom, Nicole
Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school”.
37. What makes Simon different from his classmates?
A. Washing his clothes by himself. B. Taking many classes after school.
C. Raising strange questions in class. D. Taking green measures to protect the environment.
38. How did Simon usually go to school in second grade?
A. By car. B. By cycling. C. By running. D. By school bus.
39. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A. Simon has trouble with his eyesight. B. Simon is really stubborn and inflexible.
C. Simon is much tougher than expected. D. Simon didn’t get support from his father.
40. What can be the best title for the text?
A. The Best Way to Go to School
B. Father and Son Run for the Environment
C. A Teenager Keeps Running to Inspire Father
D. Three Inspiring Running Athletes to Protect the Environment
11
（2023春·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考开学考试）One dilemma that the super famous face is balancing
the needs of privacy and recognition.For some stars privacy is an overvalued thing. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford went on their
European honeymoon. The two international idols had divorced their previous spouses （配偶）and were
concerned about how they would be greeted. They needn’t have worried. In London their car was surrounded by
admiring women who pulled Mary out of the car to shake her hand, still grateful after two years for her efforts
selling war bonds. In Paris they couldn’t get any sleep with crowds gathering below their hotel room to sing and
play for them. In Amsterdam they attended a party and were mobbed （包围）by other guests who wanted to get
close to them. The athletic Fairbanks placed his wife on his shoulder and escaped through the window. Finally, they
found privacy in Hamburg, where their movies were not shown because of World War I. For an hour the famous
newly-married couple walked the streets unnoticed until the bored Mary turned to her husband and said, “Doug,
I’m sick of this. Let’s go back to one of those countries where they mob us.”
Joan Crawford had similar feelings. Once in the 1930s she was staying in New York getting over her breakup
with Clark Gable. Tired of staying around her hotel feeling so down she told her entourage （随从） they should
go out and get some fresh air. The entourage, who had trouble keeping up with the star’s quick pace, were shocked
when she walked away from their planned road. "Oh my God. She’s going into Grand Central Station!" Someone
shouted, “Look, it’s Joan Crawford! And she was mobbed. It took them thirty minutes to escape the crowd and get
back to their hotel suite. Her hair disheveled （凌乱），her dress tom and her face scratched, Crawford leaned
against the door out of breath. "Oh.,. oh my. That was wonderful. Let’s do it again!”
41. What did Douglas and Mary worry about before going to Europe?
A. Nobody would greet them.
B. They wouldn’t be welcomed.
C. Their war bonds wouldn’t sell well.
D. Their schedule would be made public.
42. What does Mary’s words in the second paragraph suggest?
A. Hamburg was too quiet a place for her.
B. Her movies weren’t shown in Hamburg.
C. She fell ill after arriving in a new place.
D. She didn’t really enjoy privacy so much.
43. What did Joan Crawford think of her being mobbed in New York?
A. Amusing. B. Enjoyable. C. Dangerous. D. Embarrassing.
44. The author tells stories about the movie stars to show that______.A. they may feel down from time to time
B. they deserve people’s love and respect
C. they need both privacy and public attention
D. they are not always popular around the world
12
（2023 秋·陕西西安·高三西安市铁一中学校考期末）Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it.
Doesn't it？If you think so，you're not alone，because energy independence has been the dream of American
president for decades，and never more so than in the past few years，when the most recent oil price shock has
been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.
"Energy independence" and its rhetorical （修辞的） companion "energy security" are，however，slippery
concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from，exactly？
Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons
that we buy all that old from elsewhere.
The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes，there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of
biofuels available，and more may become available，but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental
destruction.
Second，Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their own oil. They
value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States
are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what degree are
Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back
imports？
Third，there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency，and when we buy things from places
that have lower production costs than we do，we benefit. And although you don't read about this much，the
United States is also a large exporter of oil products，selling about 2million barrels of petroleum products per day
to about 90countries.
There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and，in fact，relies on that steady
flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted，we feel the pain in short supplies and higher
prices.At the same time，we get massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world
market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.
45. What does the author say about energy independence for America？A. It sounds very attractive.
B. It ensures national security.
C. It will bring oil prices down.
D. It has long been everyone's dream. .
46. Why does America rely heavily on oil imports？
A. It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.
B. Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.
C. Its own oil production falls short of demand.
D. It wants to keep its own environment undamaged.
47. What does the author say about oil trade？
A. It proves profitable to both sides.
B. It improves economic efficiency.
C. It makes for economic development.
D. It saves the cost of oil exploration.
48. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.
B. To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.
C. To stress the importance of energy conservation.
D. To explain the increase of international oil trade.
13
（2023春·四川成都·高三树德中学校考开学考试）Success and Risk in Extreme Sports
What is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?
Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme
sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions.
But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that “the high
element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself”. He said he
would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.
Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a
behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook’s appetite for risk appeared at a young
age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were
upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when you’reup there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in
the world.”
Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the
height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.” Murphy
said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were
in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes’ view, they have a lot of control, and there are
many things that they do to minimize risk.”
Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many
athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try
doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what
you’re doing,” Murphy says. “After it’s over, there’s great excitement.”
People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to
adventures that others consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because that’s my skill level,”
Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”
49. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that ______.
A. extreme athletes must learn special skills
B. extreme athletes have chances to take risks
C. many people don’t want to do extreme sports
D. many people can’t limit desire for extreme sports
50. What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions?
A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges.
B. They are more fortunate than other sportspeople.
C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D. They have special reasons that others can’t easily understand.
51. What main point is made in Paragraph 5?
A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people don’t use.
B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.
C. Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.
D. A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.
52. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoidB. those who take risks are more likely to be successful in life
C. extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others
D. taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think
14
（2023秋·广东梅州·高三大埔县虎山中学校考期末）I've been writing since before I could write. As a kid,
I dictated stories to my parents.About 12 years ago,I was living in New York City and pursuing a master in creative
writing. For years I'd been suffering vision disorder,but in New York my symptoms worsened. I became unable to
read or write for any considerable length of time. I tried vision therapy(疗法），an overhead projector,a special
pair of glasses-all in vain.
Eventually,I discovered a computer program for the visually challenged. As I typed,my words were read aloud
by an automated voice. With my screen dimmed to black,I relied entirely on audio feedback to know what I had
written.
Facing the blank page is worrying,but facing the black page is worse. The dark screen is a sinkhole that
swallows creative hope. Sentences disappear into it like an astronaut into a black hole. I managed to complete my
master degree, but it took me years to adapt to my new reality. The greatest barrier seemed to be the automated
voice, which was like a robot parrot on my shoulder, and I wanted nothing more than to drive it away. If a pianist
were forced to practice on an untuned piano,would it corrupt his ear over time?
Of course,I could have quit writing and stopped making myself suffer.But it honestly never occurred to me-
and I'm glad it didn't. Last year, after I told my story on the radio,I was contacted by VocaliD,a Massachusetts-
based company that created a voice modeled on my own.
The first time I heard the voice they created, it is so close to my own that the two are nearly indistinguishable.
I've only just begun using this new voice. My hope is that this will restore a sense of solitude(孤独） to my writing
process,allowing me easier access to that inner space where the imagination can take over, and I can forget myself,
and the real work can begin.
The black screen still exists-it always will-but the robot parrot has taken wing.
53. What happened to the author when pursuing a master degree in New York?
A. His sight started to fail due to much reading.
B. His eyes couldn't sustain long hours of reading.
C. He had to drop out due to his vision disorder.
D. He successfully overcame his vision problem.54. What still bothered the author after he got his master degree?
A. The untuned automated voice.
B. The pet parrot on his shoulder.
C. The computer with a dark screen.
D. The noise from a neighboring pianist.
55. How did the author feel when first hearing the voice created by VocaliD?
A. Excited. B. Annoyed.
C. Unmoved. D. Relaxed.
56. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The automated voice is too annoying to bear.
B. The author can restore his sight to normal.
C. The author starts to enjoy his writing again.
D. It is likely that the technology will improve.
15
（2023春·重庆江北·高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie
Titanic, directed by Cameron, where Jack was frozen to death in the icy cold water so that Rose could survive on
the floating door alone? It broke many people’s heart.
Two decades later, people are still asking the question, “wasn’t there enough room on the door for both of
them?”
Cameron once responded by saying it wasn’t a question of room, but buoyancy—if both of them had tried to
stay on the raft, he argued, the whole thing would sink.
But several guys from “Mythbusters”, an Australian-American science entertainment television program,
decided to test the theory themselves. They discovered that if Rose had took off her life jacket to the bottom of the
raft, there would have been enough buoyancy to keep both of them afloat.
When they presented their findings to Cameron, the director insisted that Jack couldn’t be saved.
“The answer is very simple,” Cameron said. “Because it says on page 147 of the script that Jack dies. To
Cameron, it was an artistic choice to have the beloved character of millions, Jack drown into the cold sea. Jack had
to die because Cameron thought it would be best if we did.
“It was an artistic choice, the thing was just big enough to hold her, and not big enough to hold him,” Cameron
said. “I think it’s all kind of silly, really, that we’re having this discussion 20 years later. But it does show that the
film was effective in making Jack so endearing to the audience that it hurts them to see him die. The film is aboutdeath and separation; he had to die.”
Since Jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a variety of different ways. It’s not
about the door not being big enough: that’s just a practical method for his death. “Whether it was that, or whether a
chimney fell on him, he was going down,” Cameron said. “It’s called art: things happen for artistic reasons, not for
physics reasons.”
57. What do we know about the character Jack according to the text?
A. He intended to kill himself. B. He sacrificed himself to save Rose.
C. He didn’t have money to buy ticket. D. He lacked basic knowledge of physics.
58. According to Cameron, why did the audience argue about Jack’s death for 20 years?
A. They are fragile people. B. They don’t like the movie.
C. They love the character Jack. D. They are crazy about physics.
59. Why was a chimney mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To introduce the structure of the ship. B. To show the original plan of the movie.
C. To present the missing part of the movie. D. To explain the unchangeable fate of Jack.
60. What is best title of the text?
A. Jack in Titanic Must Die. B. Big Enough for Both.
C. Cameron is Wrong. D. Jack could Survive.
16
（2023秋·广东深圳·高三深圳市高级中学校考期末）The other day, I bought an expensive anti-aging
cream that promised to make my face look several years younger than other women by fighting free radicals(自由
基). It made me curious about what free radicals are. Is the anti-aging cream the only way I need to protect myself?
“As a scientific term, free radicals are essentially unstable atoms, ” says Arizona-based doctor, Natasha
Bhuyan, M. D. “In medicine, they cause cells to break down over time and are linked to aging. ”
A super simple chemistry review for you：Atoms from different elements are the building blocks that make
up water, nitrogen and more. Electron(电子) are the negatively charged atoms, and they like to be in pairs. When an
electron loses its partner, it creates a free radical, which is usually unstable and highly reactive. Free radicals
typically go through the body to seek out a replacement for their missing electron, and that can result in damage to
cells, proteins and DNA.
So how do free radicals form and why do they happen? Bhuyan says, “Scientifically, free radicals are unpaired
electrons that are seeking a mate to bond with. The theory behind free radicals is that they can lead to the imbalancebetween free radicals and antioxidants(抗氧化剂). ” Another mini-science lesson for you：Antioxidants are natural
or man-made matters that can help delay or prevent some types of cell damage. They’re often found in fruits and
vegetables.
A lot of the aspects of modern life--our diet, lifestyle and environmental factors like pollution, can cause
oxidative(氧化的) stress. Over time, oxidative stress weakens cells and tissues and can leave you more easily
exposed to certain health issues, including cancer. And, as beauty marketers are keenly aware, oxidative stress can
also speed up the aging process. Now that you know free radicals can weak on your health, you’re probably
wondering if there are any ways to prevent them from forming or at least to minimize their negative effects.
61. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?
A. Explain the process of aging. B. State the formation of free radicals.
C. Introduce the topic of free radicals. D. Describe the harm of anti-aging cream.
62. Which of the following do free radicals refer to?
A. Unpaired electrons. B. Steady atoms.
C. Replacements of atoms. D. Functions of electrons.
63. What can we learn about antioxidants from the text?
A. They have never been found in nature.
B. They do harm to cells proteins and DNA.
C. They can slow down the damage of some cells.
D. They always keep balance with free radicals.
64. What will the author probably tell us next?
A. What exactly oxidative stress is. B. How beauty marketers promote sales.
C. Where a variety of diseases come from. D. How free radicals can be prevented.
17
（2023春·四川泸州·高三四川省泸县第一中学校考开学考试）In 1848 gold was found in California.
Thousands of people rushed there to get some. Many people liked living there. But there wasn’t a whole lot
between California (CA) and Missouri (MO), where the nearest trains ran. The train line to California wasn’t
finished until 1869.
In I860 and 1861, the Pony Express was the fastest way to get news to and from the West. The trail that they
rode was around 2000 miles long. It took most people weeks or months to ride that far. The Pony Express could
make the trip in just ten days. Those speeds were unheard of at the time. So how did they do it? Well, they had agood system.
The Pony Express had 184 stations along the trail. The stations were around ten miles apart. This is about how
far a horse could run at a gallop (疾驰) before tiring. The rider would switch to a new horse at each station. He
would only take his mail pouch (邮袋) with him. Every 75-100 miles, the rider would get to a home station. At each
home station, riders would rest. The mail never stopped moving, even while the horses and riders rested.
It was tough to ride for the Pony Express. Each rider had to weigh less than 125 pounds. Speed was the key.
Most of the riders were teenage boys. They rode at a fast pace for up to 100 miles a day. If there were an
emergency, one might have to ride 200 miles in a day.
The Pony Express filled an important role for a time, but it did not last. The Civil War started in April of 1861.
On October 24th, 1861, the first telegraph line to California was finished. This linked them to the rest of the
country. People could send messages in an instant. Two days later the Pony Express closed.
65. Which happened first?
A. The Pony Express was started. B. The American Civil War broke out.
C. The train line to California was finished. D. Settlers rushed to California to find gold.
66. How long did it take the Pony Express to send mail from CA to MO?
A. About 24 hours. B. About ten days.
C. About twenty days. D. About one month.
67. What would a rider do at the home station?
A. Give his mail to a new rider. B. Rest a while and go on riding.
C. Collect new mail for customers. D. Feed the horse and check the mail.
68. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To prove communication industry develops rapidly.
B. To explain why horses were used to deliver mail.
C. To describe the I860 - 1861E Fastest Mail Service.
D. To tell the brave stories of the Pony Express.
参考答案
1
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于听到最喜爱的音乐会让人“皮肤兴奋”并产生寒意的相
关研究，解释了这背后的原因以及对音乐有不同反应可以反应人的性格特点。1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It's such a thing that a group of scientists call “skin excitement”—a feeling of
cold caused not by a drop in temperature or sudden scare, but by the sense of beauty. “Skin excitement” can come
from a song, a painting, a moving movie scene, or even a beloved memory-pretty much anything that causes the
giving out of pleasure-soaked dopamine in your brain.(一组科学家称这种现象为“皮肤兴奋”——不是因为温
度下降或突然的恐惧而产生的寒冷感觉，而是因为美好。“皮肤兴奋”可以来自一首歌、一幅画、一个感
人的电影场景，甚至是一段心爱的回忆——几乎任何能让你大脑中充满愉悦的多巴胺释放出来的东西)”可
知，“皮肤兴奋”在本文中是指人体对美好事物的一种反应。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In a new study published in the journal Social Cognitive and Affective
Neuroscience, Harvard researchers performed brain scans on 10 students who said they reliably got cold when
listening to music, and 10 students who didn't. They found that the cold-prone brains may really be excited by
stronger emotions.(在一项发表在《社会认知与情感神经科学》杂志上的新研究中，哈佛大学的研究人员对
10名学生进行了脑部扫描，这些学生说他们在听音乐时确实感到寒冷，而另外10名学生没有。他们发现，
容易发冷的大脑可能真的会被更强烈的情绪激发)”可知，这项新研究的成果主要是发现了容易发冷的大脑
和不发冷大脑的区别。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Cold-prone brains are generally more likely to show stronger emotional
intelligence than no-cold brains. Cold-prone minds tend to have unusual active imagination, reflect more deeply on
their emotions, and appreciate nature and the beauty of music and art to a stronger degree than no-cold brains. (容
易发冷的大脑通常比不感冒的大脑更有可能表现出更强的情商。与不发冷的大脑相比，容易发冷的大脑往
往具有异常活跃的想象力，对情感的反思更深刻，对自然、音乐和艺术的欣赏程度更强)”可推断，大脑容
易发冷的人情商较高，善解人意，且想象力丰富，对自然、音乐和艺术美的感觉是敏锐的。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When you hear the beginning of your favorite song from the radio, suddenly your
neck is covered in goose bumps.(当你从收音机里听到你最喜欢的歌曲开始时，你的脖子突然起了鸡皮疙瘩)”
结合文章主要介绍了一项关于听到最喜爱的音乐会让人“皮肤兴奋”并产生寒意的相关研究，解释了这背
后的原因以及对音乐有不同反应可以反应人的性格特点。故D选项“最喜欢的音乐会让你起鸡皮疙瘩”最
符合文章标题。故选D。
2
5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都
在增加等情况。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The treeline is the edge of an ecosystem where trees are able to grow, and beyondthe treeline environmental conditions become too tough to allow tree growth. Meanwhile, snowlines are the
boundaries on mountains that separate areas with permanent snow (where snow is present for the majority of the
year) from areas with seasonal or no snow.(树木生长线是树木能够生长的生态系统的边缘，在树木生长线之外
的环境条件过于艰难，无法让树木生长。同时，雪线是山上的边界，将长期降雪的地区（全年大部分时间
有降雪）与季节性或无降雪地区分开)”可推知，本段介绍了林木线以及雪线，并分别进行了解释，因此是
通过做解释展开第三段内容的。故选A。
6. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“In addition, the snowline seems to be”以及后文“while the treeline is
expanding(树木生长线正在扩大)”可知，这里的while表示对比，因此说明前面的雪线正在后退。故画线词
意思是“后退”。A. Disappearing.消失；B. Lengthening.加长；C. Withdrawing.后退；D. Widening.变宽。故
选C。
7. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In the past 40 years, 25% of all Himalayan ice has been lost due to global
warming. Himalayan glaciers are reducing by about 0.5 meters each year. The rate of glacier melting has doubled in
this decade.(在过去的40年里，由于全球变暖，25%的喜马拉雅冰川已经消失。 喜马拉雅冰川每年减少约
0.5米。 冰川融化的速度在这十年里翻了一番)”可知，气候变暖直接导致喜马拉雅山冰川融化加快。故选
B。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Researchers used satellite data from 1993 to 2018 to measure plant cover
between 4,150 meters and 6,000 meters above sea level. The scientists discovered that the greatest increase in plant
cover was between an altitude of 5,000 meters and 5,500 meters.(研究人员利用1993年至2018年的卫星数据，
测量了海拔4150米至6000米之间的植物覆盖面积。科学家们发现，海拔5000米到5500米之间的植被覆
盖增加最多)”结合文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都在增加等情
况。故D选项“植物在喜马拉雅山蔓延”最适合作本文标题。故选D。
3
9. C 10. C 11. D 12. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化
成狗过程和原因。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet
millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction.(狗和
狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”以及第三段中
“Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolflike ancestor. (事实上，狗并
不是狼的后代。相反，狗和狼有着共同的类狼祖先)”可推知，从前三段可以总结出狼和狗是近亲，但狗似乎是赢家。故选C。
10. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“we probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our
camps.”可知，冰河时代，人类开始在同一个地方制造了更多的垃圾，然后把垃圾倒在营地外面，说明人类
越来越多地选择住在同一个地方，垃圾才能堆积起来。画线词意思是“住在同一个地方”。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional
selection by humans, this special population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance.(经过几
代人的友好选择，而不是人类的有意选择，这一特殊的狼群种群将开始呈现不同的外观)”以及最后一段中
“We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves domesticated themselves. (我们没有驯养狗。最友善的狼
驯化了自己)”可推知，作者从狗和狼的历史中得出的结论是：作为一种品质的友善可以转化为一种进化策
略。故选D。
12. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So did our
close relatives, the bonobos, and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates
dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at
the edge of extinction.(人类并不是唯一进行自我驯化的物种。还有我们的近亲倭黑猩猩，以及我们最好的朋
友。狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”结合文
章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。可知，A选
项“从狼到狗”最符合文章标题。故选A。
4
13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巧克力能有效防止蛀牙的原理。
13. 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句“Remember when your mom told you not to eat too many candy bars
or sweets because they can cause tooth decay (蛀牙)?( 还记得你妈妈告诉你不要吃太多的糖块或糖果，因为它
们会蛀牙吗？)”及第三句“Recent studies show that chocolate can effectively fight against tooth decay, as if we
need another excuse to eat chocolate.(最近的研究表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就好像我们需要另一个
吃巧克力的借口一样)”可知，巧克力对牙齿的保护作用主要归因于其本身含有的复合物，这就如同很多家
庭使用的牙膏中所含有的护齿成分。由此推知，划线词salutary为“有益的”之意。故选A。
14. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“The CBH compound in particular also works to strengthen tooth
enamel (牙釉质), and protects against tooth decay.(尤其是CBH化合物还可以加强牙釉质，防止蛀牙)”可推断，
巧克力含有的一种复合物甚至比牙膏中的氟化物的护齿效果要好。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句“The compounds in chocolate, however, are anti-bacteria and canfight against bacteria in your mouth.(然而，巧克力中的化合物是抗菌的，可以对抗口腔中的细菌)”可知，巧
克力对抗蛀牙的原理主要是其含有的复合物能够对抗口腔中的细菌。故选D。
16. 主旨大意题。根据全文，特别是文章第一段“Recent studies show that chocolate can effectively fight
against tooth decay, as if we need another excuse to eat chocolate.(最近的研究表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀
牙，就好像我们需要另一个吃巧克力的借口一样)”及最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了巧克力有效防止蛀牙
的原理，文中并未提到巧克力可代替牙膏等观点。故选B。
5
17. C 18. D 19. A 20. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”来彻底改变城市生活——一个围
绕自然而设计，没有汽车和道路的城市。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Now, Saudi Arabia hopes to revolutionize urban living with “The Line”—a
city designed around nature, without cars and roads! (现在，沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”来彻底改变城市生
活——一个围绕自然而设计，没有汽车和道路的城市！)”可推知，“The Line”将会是环保的。故选C。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The plan aims to diversify Saudi Arabia’s oil-dependent economy into other
sectors, like tourism, and create exciting job opportunities for its citizens. (该计划旨在使沙特依赖石油的经济多
元化，进入其他领域，如旅游业，并为其公民创造令人兴奋的就业机会)”可知，这条线意味着产生多样化
的经济部门。故选D。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The second “service layer”, will include all essential daily services, such as
schools, leisure facilities and grocery stores. (第二个“服务层”，将包括所有基本的日常服务，如学校、休闲
设施和杂货店)”可推知，第二层有医疗诊所。故选A。
20. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Now, Saudi Arabia hopes to revolutionize urban living with “The Line”— a
city designed around nature, without cars and roads! (现在，沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”来彻底改变城市生
活——一个围绕自然而设计，没有汽车和道路的城市！)”可知，D项：Saudi Arabia Announces “The Line”—
A Low Carbon City Without Cars(沙特阿拉伯宣布“The Line”——一条无车低碳城市路线)符合题意。故选
D。
6
21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一家餐厅在未经顾客同意的情况下，把顾客吃饭的视频通过直播的
形式传播到不同的网络平台，这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私和肖像权的辩论。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“After finding out what the restaurant was doing, the family showed theirobjection, but the restaurant ignored it and insisted that they had the right to do it. Moreover, they tried to silence
the family, saying that their behavior was damaging the restaurant's image.This event has caused a debate on the
violation of privacy and portrait rights by webcasts.(在发现餐厅的所作所为后，这家人表达了他们的反对意见，
但餐厅对此置之不理，坚持认为他们有权这么做。此外，他们还试图让这家人闭嘴，说他们的行为损害了
餐厅的形象。这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论)”可知，本文主要讲述了关于
网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论。选项C. The restaurant ignored the objection and insisted they had the
right to do it.(餐厅无视反对意见，坚持认为他们有权这么做)正是人们辩论的话题，符合文意。故选C。
22. 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“It doesn't bother some people when their images are unconsciously
recorded by cameras and shown through live streams on different online platforms.(当一些人的照片被相机无意
识地记录下来，并在不同的网络平台上直播时，这并不会让他们感到困扰)”及“In that way, the restaurant
can have more public exposure and thus attract more customers, which is their purpose of webcasting.(这样，餐厅
可以有更多的公众曝光率，从而吸引更多的顾客，这就是他们网播的目的)”可推知，此处that指代的就是
“通过直播形式把记录的东西上传到网络”，选项C.“Customers are shown through live streams online.(顾客
被通过网络直播出现在网络上)”与文意相符。故选C。
23. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thus, from a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their customers for
commercial reasons, they have violated customers portrait rights.(因此，从法律的角度来看，如果企业出于商业
原因对客户进行网络直播，就侵犯了顾客的肖像权)”可知，企业未经客户许可，出于商业目的，对顾客进
行网络直播就侵犯了客户的肖像权。选项D.“Businesses webcast customers behaving in a relaxed way without
informing them.(企业在没有通知顾客的情况下，通过网络直播他们放松的行为)”会侵犯顾客的隐私权和肖
像权。故选D。
24. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“After finding out what the restaurant was doing, the family showed their
objection, but the restaurant ignored it and insisted that they had the right to do it. Moreover, they tried to silence
the family, saying that their behavior was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate on the
violation of privacy and portrait rights by webcasts.(在发现餐厅的所作所为后，这家人表达了他们的反对意见，
但餐厅对此置之不理，坚持认为他们有权这么做。此外，他们还试图让这家人闭嘴，说他们的行为损害了
餐厅的形象。这一事件引发了一场关于网络直播侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩论)”可知，本文主要讲述了餐厅
上传顾客吃饭的视频到网络上的事件引发了人们关于网路直播侵犯隐私和肖像权的辩论。由此可知，A
debate on whether webcasts violate privacy and portrait rights(一场关于网络直播是否侵犯隐私权和肖像权的辩
论)适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。25. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Webcasting someone without his or her consent amounts to a violation of
portrait rights, which is getting increasingly common these days as cellphone webcasting is growing in popularity
for technical convenience, However, public awareness of privacy protection is still falling behind. More should be
done to make sure webcasting is developing sustainably, without violating people's legal rights.(在未经他人同意
的情况下，网络直播他人相当于侵犯肖像权，随着手机网播技术的普及，这种现象越来越普遍，然而，公
众对隐私保护的意识仍然落后。应该采取更多措施，确保网络直播的可持续发展，同时不侵犯人们的合法
权利)”可知，作者在此处是客观地评价了网络直播应该所持有的原则，未曾阐述自己对网络直播的观点和
态度。故选A。
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26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，从小被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症的科里在妈妈的爱护下坐轮椅游览
了七大洲，他决定在博客上分享他的旅行知识，帮助其他残疾旅行者像他一样探索世界。
26. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood.
The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven
continents.”（桑迪（妈妈）在他童年的暑假里带他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激动人心的经历激励他树立
了一个终生的目标：游览所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年时，妈妈带他去公路旅行的经历让他下定决心
访问所有七大洲。故选B项。
27. 推理判断题。由第三段中的“According to Cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning
and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip, making sure that there are accessible
transportation options in the location.”（科里认为，坐轮椅旅行需要进行广泛的规划和研究。他在每次旅行前
的六到十二个月开始他的研究，确保在这个地方有方便的交通选择。），可知科里因为身体原因要坐轮椅
旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有没有方便的交通选择，可得出科里旅行时最担心的是交通问
题。故选D项。
28. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community, Cory
and his mother wrote a children's book, titled Let's Explore with Cor Cor, which is about a boy who travels around
the world in his powered wheelchair.”（为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，科里和他的母亲写了一本儿童读物，
名为《让我们和Cor Cor一起探索》，这本书讲述了一个男孩坐着电动轮椅环游世界的故事。），可知是
为了促进轮椅使用社区的代表性，即为了帮助有特殊需要的人（坐轮椅的人），科里和他妈妈才写书分享
经历的。故选C项。
29. 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Cory, aged 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a very young age. Because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4.”（科里今年30岁，在
很小的时候就被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症。因为他的身体状况，他从4岁开始使用轮椅。），第二段中的
“He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!”（他成为有史以来第一个访问所有
七大洲的轮椅使用者！）和最后一段“Traveling to all seven continents wasn't something I was sure was going
to be possible," he said. "But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless."”
（他说：“去所有七大洲旅行并不是我能确定的事。”但如果你保持坚定和积极的态度，机会是无限
的。”），可知科里从小坐轮椅，但因为保持着坚定和积极的态度，他才能完成游览所有七大洲的目标，
可得出即使残疾，坚定的心也能帮助人们实现梦想，所以没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心。故选A项。
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30. C 31. B 32. B 33. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效
管理，成就现代智慧城市。
30. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities livable. Boston
has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with
city life.”但是，仅仅依靠技术还不足以使今天的城市适合居住。波士顿发现，它还需要接触到传统的低智
能化社区，并将这种技术与城市生活结合起来。本段主要讲述了波士顿力争成为智慧城市，使用高科技更
充分地回应市民的需求，同时，城市也注重加强传统低智能化社区科技与生活的融合。所以第一段主要是
关于城市的管理。故选C。
31. 推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“The complaints from the App didn’t always correlate with the greatest
community need for repairs, explains Garter.”嘉德解释说，来自应用程序的投诉并不总是与最大的社区维修
需求相关。根据第四段“Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives
of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what
problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving”可知，卡特的团队已经摆脱了许多智能城市倡
议的共同模式，即让精通技术的居民来推动这一进程。相反，他们召开会议，找出不同社区的人关心解决
的问题。克里斯卡特的团队在执行他们的计划时遇到的问题是不能为所有市民很好地服务，故选B。
32. 推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“We're really always looking for whatever ever mix of approaches best
solves the problem.”我们一直在寻找各种方法的最佳组合来解决问题可知，Carter想要寻找高科技技术与传
统方法融合的方式来满足城市管理的需要，故选B。
33. 主旨大意类。文章主要介绍了波士顿在提高城市智能程度的过程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分使用
传统方法，以满足所有市民的需要，它是一座不仅仅以高科技来成就的智慧城市，所以短文的最佳标题为“ 智能城市：不仅仅靠技术”。故选A。
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34. B 35. B 36. D
【解析】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了三个出版社接受文章的标准，出版社网址以及一些特殊要求和提
示。
34. 推理判断题。通过文章第一段“To increase your chances of landing an assignment for a travel guidebook,
you need to find out what the publishers are looking for. Here are links to their submission guidelines with a few
special requirements and tips. （为了增加你得到编写旅行指南工作的机会，你需要明白出版商想要的是什么。
以下是他们网站的链接，其中有一些特殊要求和提示。）”可以推知，本篇文章主要是通过介绍一些出版
社，为作家提供机会。故选B项。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章“Workman”部分的小贴士“If they don't accept your article, you might be lucky
enough to get feedback about why. （如果他们不接受你的文章，你可能会很幸运地得到关于原因的反
馈。）”可知 BWorkman. 可以就如何改进文章提供建议。故选B项。
36. 推理判断题。通过文章“Fonor's”部分“Do remember to attach a copy of one of your other works when
contributing. （请记住在投稿时附上您的其他作品的副本。）”和“Workman”部分“A chapter of your
other books is also required. （你的其他书籍的一章也是必需的。）”以及“Lonely Planet”部分“At that
page you'll find a form asking for a resume（简历）and links to your other writing.( 在那一页，你会看到一张
要求提供简历和你其他作品的链接的表格。)”可以推知，所有公司都要求作者有作品，即有写作经验。故
选D项。
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37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位八岁的男孩 Simon Cane为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一
起跑去上学。
37. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began learning about all the ways
humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to heart in a way that set him
apart from his schoolmates at his elementary school, P. S. 81, in the Bronx.（当Simon Cane上二年级的时候，他
开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，并真正把课堂上所学的内容牢记在心，在某种程度上这使他与布朗克斯
的第81公立小学的同学们区别开来。）”以及“So Simon convinced his parents to start hanging their clothes
to dry, taking the stairs instead of elevators, and other “green” measures.（所以，西蒙说服他的父母把衣服挂起
来晾干，不坐电梯而走楼梯，以及采取其他“绿色”措施。）”可知，当Simon Cane上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，把那些课堂上所学的内容铭记于心，并且采取“绿色”措施保护环境，
这使得他跟他的同学不同。故选D项。
38. 推理判断题。根据第二段“As Simon got bigger, though, it wasn’t practical for him to ride on his father’s
back, but it also didn’t make sense to ride together — both because of safety concerns and because there was no
place to put away Simon’s bike. So, most of the time they drove the 1. 5 miles to school. （然而，随着西蒙长大，
骑在他爸爸自行车的后座，对他来说并不现实，但一起骑车也没有意义——既是出于安全考虑，也是因为
没有地方放西蒙的自行车。所以大多数时候他们都开车1.5英里到学校。）”以及第三段“But in 2019,
when Simon was going into third grade, the 8-year-old came up with a new way to help the planet: running the 1. 5
miles to P. S. 81. （但是在2019年，那时候8岁的西蒙上三年级，他提出了一个帮助地球的新方法:跑步1.5
英里去布朗克斯第81公立小学。）”可推知，二年级时 Simon Cane主要是坐车去上学。故选A项。
39. 推理判断题。根据第四段“‘To be honest, I thought he’d blink (眨眼)after it got really cold or rainy, but he
never did,’ Jonathan said. （说实话，我以为天冷了或下雨了他就会犹豫一下，但他从来没有。）”可知，
Simon Cane比预料的要坚强。故选C项。
40. 主旨大意题。阅读全文，尤其是根据第一段“When Simon Cane was in the second grade, he began
learning about all the ways humans have an impact on the environment and really took those classroom lessons to
heart（当西蒙·凯恩上二年级的时候，他开始学习人类对环境的所有影响，并真正把课堂上学的内容牢记在
心。）”以及最后一段“Since the start, Simon has run with his dad and their black dog, Lola, and has even
inspired his mom, Nicole Sin Quee, to join in. They soon became known as “the family that runs to school.”（ 从
一开始，西蒙就和他的爸爸和他们的黑狗萝拉一起跑步，甚至还激励了他的妈妈 (Nicole Sin Quee)也加入
进来。他们很快就被称为“跑去上学的家庭”。）”可知，本文主要讲述八岁的男孩 Simon Cane很重视
环保，并且为环保做出的实际行动——和爸爸一起跑步去上学。故选B项。
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41. B 42. D 43. B 44. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过一些明星的案例说明一些名人面临的一个难题是如何平衡隐私和知名
度的需要。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“The two international idols had divorced their previous spouses
（配偶）and were concerned about how they would be greeted.”（这两位国际偶像已经与前任离婚，他们很担
心自己会受到怎样的欢迎。）可知，他们在去欧洲之前担心他们不会受到欢迎。故选B。
42. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句““Doug, I’m sick of this. Let’s go back to one of those countries
where they mob us.””（道格，我受够了。让我们回到那些人们把我们团团围住的国家去吧。）可推知，她真的不太喜欢隐私。故选D。
43. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That was wonderful. Let’s do it again!”（这是美妙的。让我们再来一
次!）可推知，琼·克劳馥(Joan Crawford)认为自己在纽约被团团围住是一种享受。故选B。
44. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“One dilemma that the super famous face is balancing the needs of privacy
and recognition.”（超级名人面临的一个难题是如何平衡隐私和知名度的需要。）以及下文两个例子可知，
文章主要是为了展示电影明星既需要隐私也需要公众关注。故选C。
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45. A 46. D 47. B 48. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。每个国家都想实现能源独立，美国也不例外，但是美国的能源却严重依赖进口，
本文就分析了美国这样做的原因。
45. 细节理解题。由第一段“because energy independence has been the dream of American president for
decades，”（能源独立是美国总统几十年来的梦想），可知，美国能源独立听起来很有吸引力。故选A项。
46. 细节理解题。由第五段中的“Second，Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to
produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad.
Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental
protection. ”（第二，美国人基本上已经决定，他们并不真的想生产所有自己的石油。相比从国外进口石
油，美国人更看重环境质量。美国广大地区以环境保护的名义禁止石油勘探和生产），可知美国严重依赖
石油进口，是因为美国希望自己的环境不受损害。故选D项。
47. 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Third，there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency，
and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do，we benefit. ”（第三，石油
贸易也有好处。它考虑到了经济效益，当我们从生产成本比我们低的地方买东西时，我们就会受益。），
可知石油贸易提高了经济效益。故选B项。
48. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere. ”（但我们从其
他地方购买石油是有原因的）以及第四、五、六段的首句可知，文章分析了美国进口石油的三个原因，因
此作者写这篇文章的目的是想证明美国对石油进口的依赖是合理的。故选A项。
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49. C 50. A 51. D 52. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的成功与风险。
49. 推理判断题。分析文章第二段第二句“He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite
for extreme risk in tricky conditions.”（他指出，我们中的大多数人达到了一个自然的上限，这个（自然上限）限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望。）可知，这里含有一个定语从句，先行词为a natural
ceiling，定语从句对a natural ceiling进行修饰，“限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望”说明许多
人不想做极限运动。故选C项。
50. 细节理解题。根据第四段开头提到的“groups climbing Everest”（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的团体）和第二句
“To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that
they’ve prepared for years.”（“在我看来，这似乎是最大的风险，”他说。“但对他们来说，这是他们准备
多年的一项活动的下一步。”）可知，登山者为挑战做了大量的准备。故选A项。
51. 主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as
“the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the
present.”（ 风险认知的另一个方面可能是被称之为“心流”的东西 ，在这种状态下，许多运动员全神贯
注于将精力完全集中在当下的行为。）以及后面的进一步解释可知，本段要点就是“the flow”这种特定的
精神状态会使你更有可能去尝试一项活动。故选D项。
52. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some
may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的时间体验这种
流动。一些人可能总是被驱使去冒险，而另一些人则认为是极端的。）以及后文所举的事例可知，不同的
技能水平的人有自己不同的选择，所以冒险是你可以选择做或选择避免的事情。故选A项。
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53. B 54. A 55. A 56. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了受到视觉障碍的作者在追求写作梦想道路上与视觉障碍搏斗的过程，
以及期间作者所寻找的解决方法。
53. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I became unable to read or write for any considerable length of time. （我变得
无法长时间读写。）”可知，作者因为视觉障碍而无法长时间地专注写作或阅读。故选B。
54. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “The greatest barrier seemed to be the automated voice, which was like a robot
parrot on my shoulder, and I wanted nothing more than to drive it away. （最大的障碍似乎是自动语音声，它就
像一只机器鹦鹉搭在我肩上，我只想把它赶走。）”可知，困扰作者最多的就是自动语音声。故选A。
55. 推理判断题。根据第五段“The first time I heard the voice they created, it is so close to my own that the two
are nearly indistinguishable.”和“My hope is that this will restore a sense of solitude(孤独） to my writing
process, allowing me easier access to that inner space where the imagination can take over, and I can forget myself,
and the real work can begin.（我希望这能在我的写作过程中恢复一种孤独感，让我更容易进入内心的空间，
在那里想象力可以占据主导，我可以忘记自己，真正的工作可以开始。）”可知， 当作者第一次听见VocaliD制作的声音时，发现它与作者自己的声音十分相像，几乎无法辨别出来。加之作者对其寄予的希
望，都可以看出当作者听见VocaliD制作的声音时心中的激动与喜悦。故选A。
56. 推理判断题。通过最后一段“The black screen still exists-it always will-but the robot parrot has taken wing.
（黑幕依然存在——它永远都会存在，但机器鹦鹉已经展翅飞翔。）”及倒数第二段我们可知，作者可能
长时间无法摆脱视觉障碍的困扰，但是当有了新的设备后，作者不再受到自动语音的干扰，而是拥有了新
的、通向内在自我与想象的写作可能，能够重新享受独自的写作过程。故选C。
15
57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack因为救Rose而死，但是二十年后
人们仍在纠结Jack是否真的非死不可的问题，甚至有人专门进行了试验并把结果提交给电影导演卡梅隆。
对此，卡梅隆的看法是杰克非死不可，并给出了理由。
57. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie Titanic, directed by
Cameron, where Jack was frozen to death in the icy cold water so that Rose could survive on the floating door
alone?”可知你还记得卡梅隆执导的著名电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack被冻死在冰冷的水中，而Rose独自靠
漂浮的门生存下来的场景吗？由此可知，Jack这个角色为了救Rose而牺牲了自己。故选B。
58. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But it does show that the film was effective in making Jack so endearing
to the audience that it hurts them to see him die.”可知但它确实表明，这部电影有效地把Jack塑造得如此受观
众喜爱，以至于看到他死去会让他们感到心痛。由此可知，根据卡梅隆的说法，观众们为Jack的死争论了
20年是因为他们喜欢Jack这个角色。故选C。
59. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Since Jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a
variety of different ways. It’s not about the door not being big enough: that’s just a practical method for his death.
‘Whether it was that, or whether a chimney fell on him, he was going down,’ Cameron said.”可知卡梅隆说，既然
Jack注定要死，那就有可能以各种不同的方式死去。这不是门不够大的问题：那只是他的一种死亡方式。
“不管是这样，还是烟囱掉在他身上，他都要死，”卡梅隆说。由此可推知，最后一段提到烟囱是为了解
释Jack无法改变的命运。故选D。
60. 主旨大意题。根据第五段“When they presented their findings to Cameron, the director insisted that Jack
couldn’t be saved.(当他们把调查结果提交给卡梅隆时，导演坚持认为Jack必须死)”结合文章主要说明了电
影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack因为救Rose而死，但是二十年后人们仍在纠结Jack是否真的非死不可的问题，
甚至有人专门进行了试验并把结果提交给电影导演卡梅隆。对此，卡梅隆的看法是杰克非死不可，并给出
了理由。由此可知，A选项“泰坦尼克号上的Jack必须死”最符合文章标题。故选A。16
61. C 62. A 63. C 64. D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以作者购买抗衰老的面霜来抵抗自由基给脸部留下岁月的痕迹的事情
为开头，介绍了自由基是怎样形成的和自由基是怎样影响人的身体的。
61. 推理判断题。根据第一段The other day, I bought an expensive anti-aging cream that promised to make my
face look several years younger that other women by fighting free radicals. It made me curious about what free
radicals ares. Is the anti-aging cream the only way I need to protect myself?可知，前几天，我买了一款昂贵的抗
衰老面霜，据说它能对抗自由基，让我的脸看起来比其他女性年轻好几岁。这让我好奇什么是自由基。抗
衰老面霜是我唯一需要保护自己的方法吗？由此可推知，作者第一段讲述了她买了一个抗衰老的面霜来抵
抗自由基给脸部留下岁月的痕迹的事，从而引出自由基的话题。故选C。
62. 细节理解题。根据第三段中Electrons (电子) are the negatively charged atoms, and they like to be in pairs.可
知，电子是带负电荷的原子，它们喜欢成对出现。以及第四段中Bhuyan says, “Scientifically, free radicals are
unpaired electrons that are seeking a mate to bond with.可知Bhuyan说：“从科学上讲，自由基是寻找配偶的
未配对电子。”由此可知，自由基指的是不成对的电子。故选A。
63. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Another mini-science lesson for you: Antioxidants are natural or man made
matters that can help delay or prevent some types of cell damage.可知，另一个小科学课：抗氧化剂是天然或人
造物质，可以帮助延缓或防止某些类型的细胞损伤。由此可知，抗氧化剂可以减缓一些细胞的损伤。故选
C。
64. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Now that your know free radicals can weak on your health, you’re probably
wondering if there are any ways to prevent them from forming or at least to minimize their negative effects.可知，
既然你知道了自由基会损害你的健康，你可能想知道是否有办法阻止它们的形成，或者至少把它们的负面
影响降到最低。由此可推知，作者接下来可能会围绕“自由基的形成是否能被阻止”展开。故选D。
17
65. D 66. B 67. A 68. C
【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了19世纪60年代，美国加州和密苏里州之间的驿马快信的制度。
65. 细节理解题。根据第一、二以及最后一段，加州发现金矿是在1848年，大量的人们涌向那里淘金；驿
马快信的制度是在1860年才开始的；美国内战发生在1861，加州和密苏里州之间铁路的铁路于1869年完
成。由此可知，移民们涌向加利福尼亚寻找黄金是最先发生的。故选D。
66. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Pony Express could make the trip in just ten days.”可知，美国加州和密苏
里州之间的通讯10天之内可以完成。故选B。67. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The mail never stopped moving, even while the horses and riders rested.”信息可
知，即使在马匹和骑手休息的时候，邮件也从未停止运送，由此推知，骑手是在休息站将邮件交给了另一
个骑手。故选A。
68. 推理判断题。The Pony Express could make the trip in just ten days. Those speeds were unheard of at the
time. So how did they do it? Well, they had a good system.（驿马快信可以在10天内完成这趟旅程。这种速度
在当时是闻所未闻的。那么他们是怎么做到的呢?他们有一个很好的系统。）是全文的主题句，结合全文
内容，可知作者写这篇文章的目的是描述I860年到1861年，驿马快信的邮件服务。故选C。