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考点分类练(四) 推理判断题(2)
Passage 1
主题:盲人到塔上参观 词数:384 难度:★★★☆☆
It was a sunny winter day.I had gone up and down the tower when,outside the little door
at the foot,a blind man came toward me.He was a pale,thin man with dark glasses.He kept
close to the inner wall of the courtyard.On reaching the door,he touched it and sharply turned
inside.In a moment,he disappeared up the staircase.I stood still,looking at the little sign that
said “To the Tower...”.I felt obliged to follow.
I didn’t follow closely.I caught up with him in the ticket office.There I was surprised to
see the attendant selling him a ticket as though he were any other visitor.With the ticket in
one hand and touching the wall with the other,he reached the staircase leading to the hallway.
“That man is blind,” I said to the attendant,but he showed no concern.“He’s blind,” I
repeated.He didn’t answer,looking at me vacantly.
“Perhaps he wants to jump,” I said.But his chair was too comfortable.He didn’t stir.He
still looked down at a crossword puzzle he had begun.I turned toward the staircase.
“The ticket,” the attendant said,rising from his chair.It seemed the only thing that could
move him.After purchasing my ticket,I hurried up the staircase.
The man hadn’t gone as far as I imagined.After ten minutes,I approached him.“Excuse
me,” I said as politely as I could,“but I am very curious to know why you came up.”
“You’d never guess,” he said.
“Not the view,I take it,or the fresh air on this winter day,” I said.
He smiled.“Coming up the stairs,one can feel the change—the cool staircase suddenly
becomes quite warm and how up here behind the wall there is shade,but as soon as one goes
opposite a narrow window one finds the sun.In all of Siena there is no place so good as here.”
He moved into the sunlight.Then he stepped into the shade.“Light,shade,light,shade,” he
said,and seemed as pleased as a child who,in a game of hopscotch,jumps from square to
square.
We went down the tower together.I left him,gladdened as one can only be by the
sunlight.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者看到一个盲人买票到塔上去参观,他
跟上去,后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的,盲人也能感受到世界的美好。
1.Why did the author follow the blind man?
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A.To offer timely help.
B.To satisfy his curiosity.
C.To teach him a lesson.
D.To prevent him from climbing up.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“On reaching the door,he touched it and sharply
turned inside.In a moment,he disappeared up the staircase.I stood still,looking at the little
sign that said ‘To the Tower...’.I felt obliged to follow.”以及下文推测可知,作者跟随盲人是
为了及时为他提供帮助。故选A 项。
2.What was the attendant’s attitude to visitors?
A.Enthusiastic. B.Concerned.
C.Indifferent.
D.Skeptical.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“He didn’t answer,looking at me vacantly.”以及第
四段中的“He still looked down at a crossword puzzle he had begun.I turned toward the
staircase.”可知,服务人员对来访者漠不关心。故选C 项。
3.What encouraged the blind man to climb the tower?
A.The fresh air on the top.
B.The pleasant childhood memories.
C.The fantastic view from the tower.
D.The striking contrast between light and shade.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“He smiled.‘Coming up the stairs,one can feel the
change—the cool staircase suddenly becomes quite warm and how up here behind the wall
there is shade,but as soon as one goes opposite a narrow window one finds the sun.In all of
Siena there is no place so good as here.’”以及倒数第二段中的“Light,shade,light,shade”可
知,明暗之间的鲜明对比促使盲人爬上了那座塔。
4.What message does the writer want to convey in the text?
A.Nature is the best gift for humanity.
B.When one door shuts,another opens in life.
C.Every individual can appreciate beauty in life.
D.The disadvantaged deserve care from the society.
答案 C
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解析 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“He moved into the sunlight.Then he stepped into
the shade.‘Light,shade,light,shade,’he said,and seemed as pleased as a child who,in a game of
hopscotch,jumps from square to square.”以及上下文可知,文章主要讲述了一次作者看到
一个盲人买票到塔上去参观,他跟上去,后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的,盲
人也能感受到世界的美好,从而表达每个人都能欣赏生活中的美。
Passage 2 (2024 江西九江二模)
主题:研究发现 词数:332 难度:★★★★☆
When a scent moved gently through the air in the bedrooms of older adults for two hours
every night for just six months,their memories skyrocketed.Participants in this study by UCI
(University of California,Irvine) Centre reaped a 226% increase in cognitive(认知的)
capacity compared to the control group.The researchers say the finding transforms the long-
known tie between smell and memory into an easy,non-invasive(无创的) technique for
strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia.The team’s study appears in
Frontiers in Neuroscience.
The study was conducted through the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning &
Memory.It involved men and women aged 60 to 85 without memory disorders.They were
each given a diffuser (扩散器) and seven small bottles,each containing a single and different
natural oil.People in the enriched group received full-strength bottles.Control group
participants were given the oils in tiny amounts.Participants put a different bottle into their
diffuser each evening prior to going to bed,and it remained active for two hours as they slept.
People in the enriched group showed a 226% increase in cognitive performance
compared to the control group,as measured by a word list test commonly used to evaluate
memory.CT imaging revealed better integrity brain pathway.The pathway affects decision-
making ability and usually becomes less powerful with age.Participants also reported
sleeping more soundly.
Scientists have long known that the loss of olfactory capacity,or ability to smell,can
predict development of nearly 70 different kinds of diseases including Alzheimer’s and other
dementia.Researchers have previously found that exposing people with moderate dementia to
up to 40 different scents twice a day over a period of time boosted their memories and
language skills,alleviated depression and improved their olfactory capacities.Later,the UCI
team decided to try making this technique easier for older adults.
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学尔湾分校神经科学家进行
了一项为期六个月的研究,研究发现,老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味,会使老
人的记忆激增。
5.What does the underlined word “skyrocketed” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Dramatically declined.
B.Slightly improved.
C.Severely weakened.
D.Significantly increased.
答案 D
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“Participants in this study by UCI (University of
California,Irvine) Centre reaped a 226% increase in cognitive capacity...strengthening
memory and potentially preventing dementia.”可知,香味可以极大地提高老年人的记忆力,
因此推断画线词与D 项“显著提高”意思相近。故选D 项。
6.What do we know about the experiment described in paragraph 2?
A.All of the bottles contain the identical natural oil.
B.The given oil amount varies from group to group.
C.Each participant is distributed eight oil-filled bottles.
D.No requirement is for participants except age and sex.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知,给的精油量因组而异。故选B 项。
7.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
A.To report a study on scent exposure boosting memory.
B.To show a method to predict development of diseases.
C.To reveal the relationship between smell and memory.
D.To draw public attention to memory loss in older adults.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“The researchers say the finding transforms the
long-known tie between smell and memory into an easy,non-invasive technique for
strengthening memory and potentially preventing dementia.The team’s study appears in
Frontiers in Neuroscience.”以及下文内容可知,文章主要介绍了加州大学尔湾分校神经科
学家进行了一项为期六个月的研究,研究发现,老年人的卧室里每晚持续两个小时的香味,
会使老人的记忆激增。作者的写作目的是报告一项关于接触气味会促进记忆的研究。
故选A 项。
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8.What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about?
A.The approach to enhancing language skills.
B.The reason behind simplifying the technique.
C.The possibility of relieving severe depression.
D.The solution to recovering olfactory capacities.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Researchers have previously found that
exposing people with moderate dementia to up to 40 different scents...easier for older adults.”
可知,接下来团队决定尝试简化这项技术,让老年人更容易使用这项技术,提高他们的记
忆力和语言技能,减轻抑郁,提高嗅觉能力。故选B 项。
Passage 3 (2024 山东临沂一模)
主题:研究发现 词数:342 难度:★★★★★
When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in
1972,he referred to his subjects—a Ugandan group called the Ik—as “the loveless
people”.After two years of observations,he decided that they reflected humanity’s basic
instincts(本能):cheat,thievery,and pitilessness.But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues
from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look,they identified a community that
shared everything.“Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine(饥荒).All he saw
is what happens when people are starving,” says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite
living under pressure,the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.
Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social
science has long thought.“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help
themselves or their relatives,”she says.By studying the unique,selfless practices that helped
nine communities across the world to continue to exist,the experts from the Project are
looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.
The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points.They rely on two-
way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need,without expecting any
repayment.Also,a world away,in New Mexico,while folks often help transport cattle and
receive support in return,they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties,such
as an injury or the death of a loved one.
Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups
can apply broadly to any interdependent systems.Her big goal is to design social-service
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systems that support everyone.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an
example:It’s priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people
live,which means millions of Americans can’t afford it.But in a system built on
neighboring,pooled costs(合并成本) would level the burden during collective hardship like
natural disasters.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Athena Aktipis 通过研究一个被称作Ik
人的乌干达群体发现,他们非常重视互相帮助,Aktipis 认为利他主义比进化社会科学长
期以来认为的更为普遍和有益,可以通过合作建立一个对抗集体困难的制度。
9.What did Turnbull think of the Ik people?
A.Heartless.
B.Helpful.
C.Restless.
D.Generous.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull
published The Mountain People in 1972,he referred to his subjects—a Ugandan group called
the Ik—as ‘the loveless people’.”可知,Turnbull 认为Ik 人很无情,故选A 项。
10.What does the underlined word “altruism” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Trying to be strong and tough to survive.
B.Making full use of the surrounding resources.
C.Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.
D.Caring about the needs and happiness of others.
答案 D
解析 词句猜测题。根据第一段末句“But her team revealed that despite living under
pressure,the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.”及画线词下文
“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their
relatives”可知,Ik 人会互相帮助,故画线词所在句意为“Aktipis 认为,利他主义比进化社
会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益”,altruism 意为“利他主义”。
11.What does paragraph 3 intend to convey?
A.Friendships guarantee a well-being life.
B.Folks assist each other to get support.
C.Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.
D.People tend to provide resources for free.
答案 C
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解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,本段旨在通过两个例子表明,合作是一种良好
而自然的本能。
12.How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings?
A.By designing a policy for public health.
B.By monitoring individual health histories.
C.By creating a system against collective hardship.
D.By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s
perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems.Her
big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.”以及“But in a system
built on neighboring,pooled costs would level the burden during collective hardship like
natural disasters.”可知,Aktipis 打算通过建立一个对抗集体困难的制度来应用她的发现。
