秘籍05 完形填空
(词汇复现+瞻前顾后+逻辑推理+生活常识)
目录
一、词汇复现............................................................................. ...........................................................................01
二、瞻前顾后..................................................................................................... ...................................................05
三、逻辑推理.........................................................................................................................................................11
四、生活常识..........................................................................................................................................................16
一、词汇复现
高考英语完形填空词汇复现题利用上下文重复信息解题。
1. 原词复现：同一单词在上下文重复出现，直接锁定。
2. 同义复现：近义词或短语替换，如big-large，buy-purchase。
3. 反义复现：通过but/however 等转折词提示对比关系，选反义词。
4. 上下义复现：总括词与具体词呼应，如fruit-apple。
原则：瞻前顾后找线索，复现关系必成对。四个选项只有一个能与上下文构成复现关系。
易错点1：近义混淆
典例分析（2026 北京东城期末）
The couple quit their city jobs and worked ______ to transform an old school bus into a mobile library. They
sourced 5,000 books through donations and have been serving 12 communities since September 2024.
A. effortlessly B. fruitlessly C. tirelessly D. fearlessly
正确答案：C (tirelessly)
语境分析：夫妇辞去城市工作，将旧校车改造成移动图书馆，通过捐赠筹集5000 本书，服务12 个社区
情感色彩：这些行为体现的是投入、奉献精神，需填副词描述他们"日夜工作"的状态
C 项"tirelessly"（不知疲倦地）准确表达他们的奉献精神和持续投入
干扰项A"effortlessly"（毫不费力地）与改造校车、筹集书籍的艰辛矛盾；B"fruitlessly"（徒劳地）与后文
成功服务社区矛盾；D"fearlessly"（无畏地）强调勇敢，与语境不符
近义混淆点：四个选项均为副词，描述工作状态。学生易被"-lessly"后缀迷惑，忽略语境需要的核心语义
是"投入、勤奋"，而非"轻松、无畏"
错选A：看到"-lessly"就选，但"毫不费力"与改造校车的艰辛工作矛盾
核心教训：近义辨析题必须结合语境情感色彩选择最贴切的词，不能只看词缀
变式1：动词近义辨析（2026 山东一模）
After months of preparation, the team finally ______ the new software platform, which immediately attracted over
10,000 users in the first week.
A. launched B. proceeded C. reformed D. engaged
正确答案：A (launched)
语境：团队经过数月准备，新软件平台上线后首周吸引过万用户
A 项"launched"（推出、发布）特指新产品/服务的首次面世，与"months of preparation"和"new software"完美
匹配
干扰项B"proceeded"（继续进行）强调继续已有动作，不适用于新品发布；C"reformed"（改革）强调制度
变革；D"engaged"（参与）缺少"推出"的核心语义
近义混淆点：四个动词都可接项目，但只有"launch"专指新品发布
变式2：名词近义辨析（2026 大连一模）
The elderly man's face ______ with kindness as he greeted every passerby on his morning walk. His warm smile
became a familiar sight in the neighborhood.
A. shone B. froze C. relaxed D. trembled
正确答案：A (shone)
语境：老人清晨散步时问候路人，面容充满善意，笑容温暖
A 项"shone"（闪耀）与"with kindness"搭配，表示"脸上闪耀着善意"，与后文"warm smile"呼应
干扰项B"froze"（冻结）表恐惧；C"relaxed"（放松）虽可形容面容，但无法与"kindness"构成"闪耀"的意境；
D"trembled"（颤抖）表紧张或年老颤抖，与善意无关
近义混淆点：形容面部表情的动词中，"shine with + 情感"是固定搭配，表示"流露出某种情感"
变式3：形容词近义辨析（2026 南京盐城一模）
The science blogger creates ______ content by turning boring and difficult knowledge into funny comic stories that
attract millions of followers.
A. informal B. intelligent C. amusing D. engaging
正确答案：D (engaging)
语境：科普博主将枯燥难懂的知识变成有趣的漫画故事，吸引数百万粉丝
D 项"engaging"（吸引人的）强调内容能吸引受众，与后文"attract millions of followers"直接呼应
干扰项A"informal"（非正式的）虽可描述风格，但非核心卖点；B"intelligent"（智慧的）偏重知识性；
C"amusing"（好笑的）只强调有趣，但"吸引人"比"好笑"更全面
近义混淆点：四个形容词都可描述内容，但"engaging"涵盖"有趣+吸引"双重含义，与"attract"形成词汇复现
易错点2：反义误判
典例分析（2025 全国一卷）
Many people assume that city life is stressful and noisy. However, my experience living in downtown Shanghai has
been quite the ______. I find the urban environment surprisingly peaceful and convenient.
A. opposite B. same C. similar D. different
正确答案：A (opposite)
前文观点：人们认为城市生活压力大、嘈杂（stressful and noisy）
转折词"However"提示：作者的实际体验与普遍观点相反
后文具体描述：作者发现城市环境"surprisingly peaceful"（出奇宁静）
"peaceful"与"noisy"构成反义，"convenient"与"stressful"构成隐含反义
A 项"opposite"精准概括这种完全相反的关系
错选D different："different"只表示不同，但语境强调"完全相反"，程度不够精准。作者体验与普遍观点是
反义关系，而非一般差异
错选B/C：same/similar 与转折词However 直接矛盾
核心教训：转折词提示反义关系时，优先考虑"opposite/contrary"等表完全相反的词汇，而非笼统
的"different"。
变式1：形容词反义误判（2026 广州二模）
Most people believe that artificial intelligence will replace human workers, leading to mass unemployment.
Contrary to this prediction, many experts argue that AI will actually ______ new job opportunities in fields we can't
yet imagine.
A. eliminate B. reduce C. create D. replace
正确答案：C (create)
前文：大多数人认为AI 会导致失业（replace workers → unemployment）
"Contrary to this prediction"明确提示反义关系
后文需填与"unemployment"（失业）相反的词
C 项"create"（创造）与"unemployment"构成反义：创造就业 vs 导致失业
干扰项A eliminate（消除）、B reduce（减少）、D replace（取代）均与"失业"同向，与反义关系矛盾
反义误判点：学生易被"AI 与工作"的话题干扰，忽略"Contrary to"明确提示的反义方向
变式2：动词反义误判（2026 武汉二调）
In many cultures, direct eye contact is seen as a sign of confidence and honesty. In some Asian countries, however,
prolonged eye contact can be interpreted as ______ or disrespectful.
A. respectful B. aggressive C. friendly D. polite
正确答案：B (aggressive)
前文：许多文化中，眼神接触代表自信诚实（正面）
"however"提示转折：在某些亚洲国家情况相反
后文需填与"confidence and honesty"（正面）相反的词
B 项"aggressive"（挑衅的）是负面评价，与正面形成反义
干扰项A respectful（尊重的）、C friendly（友好的）、D polite（礼貌的）均为正面，与however 提示的反
义关系矛盾
反义误判点：忽略"however"的转折作用，误选正面词汇
变式3：副词反义误判（2026 南京盐城一模）
The new policy was intended to simplify the application process. In reality, it has ______ made things more
complicated for applicants.
A. therefore B. instead C. consequently D. similarly
正确答案：B (instead)
前文：政策意图是简化流程（simplify）
"In reality"提示：实际情况与意图相反
后文：使事情更复杂（more complicated）
"simplify"与"more complicated"构成反义
B 项"instead"（反而）表示转折反义，连接意图与结果的相反关系
干扰项A therefore（因此）、C consequently（结果）表因果，与意图相反的逻辑不符；D similarly（相似
地）表类比，完全错误
反义误判点：学生易根据"made things more complicated"误选因果连接词，忽略"In reality"提示的反义关系
变式4：短语反义误判（2026 深圳一模）
We expected the new employee to struggle during her first week. On the contrary, she took to the job ______ and
was handling tasks independently by day three.
A. awkwardly B. slowly C. effortlessly D. hesitantly
正确答案：C (effortlessly)
前文：预期新员工第一周会struggle（吃力应对）
"On the contrary"明确提示反义关系
后文：三天后就能独立处理任务
需填与"struggle"（吃力）相反的副词
C 项"effortlessly"（毫不费力地）与struggle 构成反义
干扰项A awkwardly（笨拙地）、B slowly（缓慢地）、D hesitantly（犹豫地）均与struggle 同向，与反义
关系矛盾
二、瞻前顾后
高考英语完形填空瞻前顾后是核心秘籍，三句话掌握精髓：
1. 前看三句找线索：空前2-3 句常隐藏答案提示，尤其是名词、动词复现或逻辑关系。
2. 后看两句定方向：空后内容往往解释或补充说明选项，验证所选是否合理。
3. 全局视角防陷阱：遇到近义辨析，回看段首主题、瞻仰全文情感基调，避免断章取义。
原则：不孤立看设空句，前后呼应才可靠。线索必在上下文中，答案藏在前后的呼应里。
易错点1： 忽略段首主题
（2026 北京西城期末）
文章首句：I grew up in a society that places high value on efficiency, always urging us to do more, achieve more,
and be more productive.
（前文略）
The competition required us to sit still in a public square for 90 minutes. We couldn't sleep, make any noise, or
check our phones. Every 15 minutes, the judges came to measure our heart rates. The person with the most stable
heartbeat would win.
At first, I felt my heart beating faster. But I tried to see it as part of the experience. Instead of fighting the feelings
of ______, I simply observed them like clouds passing by. I took note of my wandering mind and gently brought
my attention back to my breath.
In the end, I won the competition.
选项：
A. nervousness B. excitement C. curiosity D. boredom
正确答案：A (nervousness)
段首主题定基调：文章首句点明核心主题——作者成长于"推崇效率"的社会，倍感压力。全文围绕"寻找平
静"展开，暗含焦虑底色
前文线索："felt my heart beating faster"（心跳加速）是紧张的生理反应
后文呼应："I simply observed them"中的"them"指代设空处情绪，且后文"wandering mind"（思绪飘忽）是焦
虑的典型表现
A 项"nervousness"（紧张）与心跳加速的生理反应直接对应，且符合全文"焦虑→寻找平静"的情感主线
错选B excitement（兴奋）：虽可引起心跳加速，但与后文"fighting the feelings"（与情绪抗争）矛盾——兴
奋无需"抗争"
错选C curiosity（好奇）：与心跳加速无必然联系
错选D boredom（无聊）：无法解释心跳加速的生理反应
核心教训：脱离段首主题"效率社会导致焦虑"的基调，只看局部"心跳加速"容易误选excitement
变式1：主题词首尾呼应（2026 辽宁沈阳一模）
文章首句：I had always dreamed of turning my backyard into a wildlife habitat.
（前文讲述作者挂鸟屋、种花草、请设计师，后院逐渐吸引各种鸟类和动物）
The original birdhouse that started it all still hangs empty on the tree. It serves as a ______ that things don't always
go as planned—but sometimes, they turn out even better.
选项（第54 题）：
A. reminder B. worry C. blessing D. doubt
正确答案：A (reminder)
段首主题定方向：首句点明核心——作者梦想将后院变成"野生动物栖息地"
前文回顾：整个故事围绕这一梦想展开，从挂鸟屋到最终建成微型生态系统
设空处分析：最初的鸟屋虽空着，但象征整个过程的起点
A 项"reminder"（提醒物）与首句梦想形成呼应：空鸟屋提醒作者"梦想的起点"和"计划赶不上变化"的人生
感悟
干扰项B worry（担忧）、C blessing（祝福）、D doubt（怀疑）均无法体现"空鸟屋"对"最初梦想"的象征
意义
忽略段首主题的后果：若只看局部"things don't always go as planned"，可能误选C blessing（祝福），但"空
鸟屋"本身不是"祝福"，而是"提醒物"
变式2：段首观点贯穿全文（2026 大连一模）
文章首句：One day, I rushed through a busy street, tired and stressed. The city's noise and crowds were
unbearable.
（中间讲述作者遇到一位乐观老人，老人指给他看枫叶、分享生活智慧）
That encounter ______ me deeply. Now I walk without rushing, noticing sunlight and children's laughter.
选项（第9 题）：
A. affected B. confused C. amused D. annoyed
正确答案：A (affected)
段首主题定基调：首句"tired and stressed"（疲惫焦虑）奠定全文情感起点——作者处于负面状态
情节发展：遇到乐观老人→老人分享生活智慧→作者态度转变
设空处分析：后文"now I walk without rushing"（现在不匆忙了）表明作者发生了积极改变
A 项"affected"（影响）准确概括老人对作者的触动，与首句"疲惫"形成"负面→正面"的转变
干扰项B confused（困惑）、C amused（逗乐）、D annoyed（烦恼）均无法解释后文彻底的改变
忽略段首主题的后果：若只看局部"encounter"，可能误选C amused（被逗乐），但后文"不再匆忙"是深层
改变，远超出"被逗乐"的浅层情绪
变式3：段首背景决定情感基调（2026 组卷网题库）
文章首句：Newborn babies aren't terrified of the dark. They don't have a concept of monsters hiding under the
bed.
（中间讲述作者用夜灯安抚怕黑的女儿，类比自己的写作困境）
In being a parent and a writer, there is no fixed ______. We just have to feel our way forward, trusting that even in
darkness, we'll find the light.
选项（第13 题）：
A. need B. term C. bond D. routine
正确答案：D (routine)
段首主题定基调：首句通过"婴儿不怕黑"引出核心观点——恐惧是后天习得的，暗示"没有固定模式"
类比结构：育儿（用夜灯）→写作（面对黑暗）→共同点：没有固定方法
设空处分析："no fixed ______"呼应首句隐含的"没有固定模式"
D 项"routine"（常规、固定程序）准确概括：育儿和写作都没有固定套路，只能摸索前行
干扰项A need（需要）、B term（条款）、C bond（纽带）均与"固定模式"的核心概念无关
易错点2：跨段线索遗漏
2023 年新高考I 卷完形填空
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 21
the course earlier than she did. Her 22 came because she was carrying a 23 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 24 when a runner in
front of her began crying in pain. She 25 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if
she could walk forward with 26. She couldn‘t. Bailey then 27 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her
all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 29 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of
her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 30 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 31 about why her act is considered a big 32. “She was just crying. I couldn‘t 33 her,”
Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the 34， they‘ve since become friends. Neither won the
race, but the 35 of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
【解题思路与跨段线索分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Melanie Bailey 在越野赛中背着受伤的参赛者Danielle Lenoue 过终点线的善行
义举。本题的典型性在于，第31、32 题的答案需要跨过两个段落，从文章开头寻找线索。
第一段（第21-23 题） 开篇点题：Bailey 应该更早完成比赛（21 题选D. finished），她的延误（22 题选A.
delay）是因为她背着一名竞争对手（23 题选D. competitor）冲过终点线。这里建立了“预期结果（早完
成）”与“实际结果（延误）”的对比。
第二、三段详细描述了她帮助受伤选手的过程：她停下（25 题选C. stopped）来帮助Lenoue，检查她是否
能借助帮助（26 题选B. aid）行走，然后弯下腰（27 题选D. bent down）背起她，将她送到能获得医疗
（28 题选A. medical）关注的地方。医生评估（29 题选B. assessed）了她的伤势。如果没有Bailey 的帮助，
Lenoue 将忍受极度疼痛（30 题选B. pain）才能到达援助点。
第四段（第31-33 题） 转折到Bailey 对自己行为的看法。这里需要跨段联系第一段的内容。
31 题分析（跨段线索关键点）：
根据第一段，我们知道Bailey 因为帮助别人而延误了比赛（这是客观事实）。
根据常理，帮助他人导致自己比赛成绩受影响，一般人可能会感到遗憾或觉得自己做了“牺牲”。
但文章第四段首句“As for Bailey, she is more 31 about why her act is considered a big 32”表明，她的态度与常
人不同——她对于人们为什么认为她的行为是件“大事”感到困惑。
如果考生只看到第四段，可能会误选“worried（担忧）”或“ashamed（羞愧）”，但跨段联系第一段她
“宁愿延误也要帮助他人”的事实，以及下文她说的“我只是做了正确的事”，可以推断她并不觉得自己
做了什么了不起的事，因此对人们的反应感到“困惑”。故31 题选C. confused。
32 题分析：
承接31 题，她感到困惑的是为什么她的行为被看作是一件“大事”（a big deal）。
“a big deal”是固定搭配，意为“重要的事；了不起的事”，与她认为自己“只是做了正确的事”形成对比。
故32 题选D. deal。
本案例的易错点在于遗漏了第一段与第四段之间的逻辑呼应。许多考生在做到第31、32 题时，注意力已经
完全被吸引到第四段Bailey 的言语中，忘记了文章开头埋下的伏笔——她本可以更早完成比赛，但她选择
了停下帮助他人。
错选A. worried：如果只看到第四段，可能会误以为Bailey 是对自己的行为可能带来的后果感到“担忧”。
错选B. ashamed：可能误以为她因为延误了比赛而感到“羞愧”。
错选D. discouraged：可能误以为她因为没能正常完成比赛而感到“气馁”。
然而，跨段联系第一段她的选择（宁愿延误也要帮助他人），以及本段她说的“我只是做了正确的事”，
可知她对人们的称赞感到的是“困惑”——她并不觉得这是什么惊天动地的大事。只有将第一段与第四段
的信息串联起来，才能准确把握作者的情感态度。
变式题1：2025 年新高考I 卷（跨段线索：前后段落的首尾呼应）
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 38 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years
filling up. We had decided on key items for the 39 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented
a place to 40 our supposedly important objects...
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10... As our 44 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and
reposted it. The 45 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won't.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left
happily with the vase.
46 , I posted more...
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 50 that share our small space. I take 51 in knowing that, somewhere
nearby, someone is 52 something that couldn’t come with us.
39. A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment
50. A. giveaways B. posts C. contributions D. belongings
【解析】
本文讲述作者搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。
39 题：问的是他们将要搬到哪里。单看第一段，四个选项似乎都有可能。但解题线索在最后一段第一句：
“I sit in my apartment today”。通过这个跨段线索，可以明确他们搬到了“公寓”，故39 题选D.
apartment。
50 题：问作者现在坐在公寓里，爱着什么。前文讲她赠送了很多东西，但最后一段说的是“在我们的小空
间里分享的...”。根据最后一句“someone is 52 something that couldn‘t come with us（有人正在欣赏着我们没
能带来的东西）”反向推断，这些东西是“没能带来的”，那么现在她公寓里有的，应该是她自己的“所
有物”，而不是已经送出去的“赠品”。故50 题选D. belongings（所有物）。
【跨段线索分析】
这两个题的答案都隐藏在最后一段。39 题问搬到哪里，最后一段才出现“apartment”；50 题问现在爱着什
么，需要结合全文“虽然送了很多东西，但留下的东西也值得爱”以及末句的提示，不能只根据前文她送
东西的行为而误选“giveaways”。
变式题2：2025 年新高考II 卷（跨段线索：人物态度的前后转变）
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 21 seven years ago after having a 22 call...
Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 25 lifestyle, before discovering a
26 for weightlifting.
Since setting out on the journey, the 27 lover has not only managed to 28 an impressive set of muscles — but also a
huge following on social media.
The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content explaining there's no 29 others can‘t look this good...
“Hold on: Consider failure as a 30 to success and never give up... 31 others: Lift others up on your journey...”
Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 34 wrong in the best
possible way and has indeed become an 35 for many social media users.
21. A. write B. travel C. exercise D. recover
34. A. instructors B. admirers C. beginners D. doubters
【解析】
本文讲述65 岁奶奶Evelyn Donohue 通过健身逆袭，成为网络红人的故事。
21 题：问奶奶七年前开始做什么。后文提到她“开始锻炼（work out）”、“发现对举重的热爱”，因此
可推断她开始“锻炼”，故21 题选C. exercise。
34 题：问奶奶证明了谁是错的。线索在前半部分埋下的伏笔：她“used to be laughed at for being too old to
work out（过去常因为太老而不能锻炼而被嘲笑）”。嘲笑她的人，就是“怀疑者”。这个信息点出现在
倒数第二句，但其对应的人群“doubters”在文章开头并未直接出现，而是通过“laughed at”这个行为暗示。
只有将开头的“被嘲笑”与结尾的“证明...错了”联系起来，才能选出正确答案D. doubters。
【跨段线索分析】
本题的难点在于“被嘲笑的人”与“怀疑者”之间的语义转换。文章开头没有直接说“doubters”，而是描
述了“被嘲笑”这一事实。考生需要在最后一段看到“proved the 34 wrong”时，回想到开头的“laughed
at”，从而推断出嘲笑她的人就是那些怀疑她做不到的人。
变式题3：2025 年北京卷（跨段线索：因果关系跨段分布）
At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. The 1 to stand out consumed me, pushing me
towards a regrettable decision.
One day... our teacher mentioned missing computer parts. 2 looks exchanged... “It's possible to open that lock with
another key,” I said. Instantly, eyes turned to me... Enjoying all the eyes on me, I 4 how to open the lock.
Little did I realize that single moment would ruin everything.
The following day, called to the headmaster's office, I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts... His
repeated 6 intensified, pushing me to the edge of fear and tears. In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting
pressure, I 7 confessed (承认)...
The headmaster asked my father to come to school... My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my
actions. 9 , I confessed my misguided longing for recognition.
1. A. promise B. competition C. desire D. hesitation
9. A. Generously B. Tearfully C. Carelessly D. Strangely
【解析】
本文讲述一个15 岁的孩子因为渴望被关注而做出错误决定，最终在父亲帮助下领悟道理的故事。
1 题：开篇点明作者成绩优秀但感到被忽视，因此“渴望”脱颖而出。这种情绪推动他做出了后来的事。
故1 题选C. desire。
9 题：问作者在父亲询问时，是以怎样的状态承认了自己对认可的渴望。答案需要跨段联系前文的情感线
索。前文提到他被叫到校长办公室时，被反复质问（6 题选A. questioning），被逼到“恐惧和眼泪的边缘
（the edge of fear and tears）”，并“** falsely** confessed（7 题选D. falsely，错误地/违心地承认）”。这
些情感铺垫说明他当时非常委屈、害怕。当慈爱的父亲询问时，这种压抑的情绪自然会爆发出来，因此应
该是“含泪地”承认。故9 题选B. Tearfully。
【跨段线索分析】
本题考查动作发生时的情感状态，其线索不在本句，而在上一个段落的情绪铺垫。如果遗漏了上一段“被
逼到恐惧和眼泪的边缘”这一跨段线索，考生很难理解为什么这里要选“Tearfully”，可能会误选
“Generously（慷慨地）”或“Carelessly（粗心地）”。
三、逻辑推理
高考英语完形填空逻辑推理题应试秘籍
圈连词定方向：but 表转折，because 表因果，and 表并列，first/then 表顺承——连词决定逻辑关系。
瞻前顾后找线索：答案往往在空格前后句，尤其是同义词、反义词复现处。
跨段呼应莫忽视：段落首尾藏答案，做到最后回看第一段，形成闭环理解。
代入验证通顺否：选完后代入原文，通读全句看逻辑是否自洽。
核心口诀：逻辑关系看连词，答案藏在前后句；因果转折要分清，跨段呼应定乾坤。
易错点1：转折关系误判
2024 年新课标I 卷完形填空
I've been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42 , but
then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a "super," referring to a 52.4-mile
double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 44 it! Between the girl
making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46 I'd ever run again is if a big
dog was running after me!
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
【解题思路】
本文讲述作者因他人成就而受到激励或打击的经历。第42 题的解题关键在于"but"这个转折词。
前文：邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛（41 题选C. won），作者受到激励，开始定期跑步（42 题选A.
regularly）。这里"feeling motivated"和"started running regularly"构成顺承关系，表示作者积极投入。
转折词"but"：后面紧跟"then two things happened"，这两件事（女孩备战超级马拉松、作者自己跑15 英里
后感到无聊）都是负面经历，导致作者最终放弃跑步。
逻辑判断："but"将前文的积极行动与后文的消极结果形成转折。如果忽略这个转折，可能会误以为作者一
直坚持跑步，从而影响第44 题的理解——作者实际上是讨厌（44 题选C. hated）这15 英里的跑步经历。
本题的易错点在于忽视"but"的转折作用。部分考生看到前文"feeling motivated"，想当然地认为作者会一直
热爱跑步，导致第44 题误选"made it（做到了）"或"believed it（相信它）"。但"but"已经暗示了后文内容与
前文预期相反——作者的跑步热情被随后发生的事浇灭了，因此他对15 英里的跑步是"讨厌"的态度。
变式题1：2023 年新高考I 卷（but 的隐性转折）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41 the
course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in
front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue...
45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
【解析】本题考查but 的隐性转折。第一段提到Bailey 本应更早完成比赛（41 题D），她的耽搁（42 题
A）是因为背着一名参赛者（43 题D）——这暗示她做了件"耽误自己"的事。第二段详细描述过程：她跑
到三分之二时，前面的选手痛苦地哭了。按照常理，参赛者应该继续比赛，但这里的隐性转折是：她选择
了"停下"帮助他人。故45 题选C. stopped（停下来）。如果忽略这个隐性转折（本应继续跑 vs 实际停下
来），可能会误选"agreed（同意）"或"promised（承诺）"。
变式题2：2024 年新课标I 卷（while 的转折用法）
...I 47 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my
sister. While she was at work one day, I 49 her bike and went for a ride. The 50 : The roads there went through large
valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such 51 . That day, I got 52 by about 100
"local" bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as
53 .
53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing
【解析】本题考查while 引导的让步转折。前文作者转向骑行（47 题C. turned to），梦想参加比赛（48 题
B. dreamed），一切看似顺利。但while 在这里表示"虽然"妹妹上班时他借车骑行（49 题B. borrowed），结
果却遇到了严峻挑战（51 题D. challenges）——被100 多个当地骑手超过（52 题A. passed）。这种"满怀期
待"与"残酷现实"的对比，使得骑行变得不那么吸引人了（53 题D. appealing）。若忽略while 的转折意味，
可能误以为骑行经历很美好，从而错选"familiar（熟悉的）"。
变式题3：2025 年全国一卷（yet 的转折呼应）
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn't seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 38 the beloved home... I took a picture of the vase and
posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 43, another asking for a price cut.
As our 44 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 45: "I hate this vase. Maybe you won't."
In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
46, I posted more... I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 50 that share our small space.
46. A. Confused B. Interested C. Disappointed D. Encouraged
50. A. giveaways B. posts C. contributions D. belongings
【解析】本题考查yet（隐含在语境中的转折）。前文作者本想卖花瓶，降价到$0 并配上"我讨厌这个花瓶，
也许你不会"的描述（45 题C. description）。结果一位女士迅速取走花瓶——这出乎作者意料，却带来了积
极反馈。yet 隐含的转折是：虽然一开始可能困惑，但实际效果却让她受到鼓励（46 题D. Encouraged），
开始发布更多物品。最终段"today"与开头的"staring at the vase"形成时间对比，作者现在爱着的是自己的所
有物（50 题D. belongings），而非已送出的"赠品"（giveaways）。这种态度转变正是通过前文的积极反馈
实现的。
易错点2：因果关系倒置
2025 年全国二卷完形填空
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 21 seven years ago after having a 22 call. She'd
been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 23 led her to getting surgery. After that experience,
she knew that she needed to make a 24. Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and
follow a 25 lifestyle, before discovering a 26 for weightlifting.
21. A. write B. travel C. exercise D. recover
22. A. goodwill B. timeout C. long-distance D. wake-up
23. A. normally B. ultimately C. suddenly D. automatically
24. A. change B. fortune C. wish D. deal
26. A. demand B. secret C. passion D. cure
【解题思路与因果链分析】
本文讲述65 岁奶奶Evelyn Donohue 通过健身逆袭的故事。本题的典型性在于，第21、22、23、24、26 题
构成了一条完整的因果链，需要理清前后逻辑关系。
因果关系链梳理：
起因：她接到一个警示性电话（22 题选D. wake-up call）——这是促使她改变的初始动因
中间状态：她一直与饮食失调和健康问题作斗争，这些问题最终导致她做了手术（23 题选B. ultimately）
结果1：手术后，她知道需要做出改变（24 题选A. change）
结果2：决心改变生活→开始锻炼（21 题选C. exercise）→遵循健康生活方式（25 题选D. healthy）
最终结果：发现对举重的热爱（26 题选C. passion）
本题最易出错的点是第21 题与第23 题的因果关系判断。
易错点1（21 题）：部分考生看到"after having a 22 call" ，可能误以为她是接到电话后开始"恢复
(recover)"。但后文明确说"had been struggling with eating disorders"（一直与饮食失调作斗争），这说明她当
时正处于问题中，尚未恢复。她是在手术后决定"改变"，才开始"锻炼(exercise)"的。如果把"锻炼"误认
为"恢复"，就颠倒了"改变生活方式"与"恢复健康"的因果关系——实际上是因为锻炼才恢复，而非恢复后才
锻炼。
易错点2（23 题）：问的是"eating disorders and health issues"与"getting surgery"的关系。是这些问题"最
终"导致了手术，还是手术"突然"导致了问题？根据常理，健康问题长期积累才导致需要手术，这是"最
终"的结果，而非"突然"发生。若误选C. suddenly，就颠倒了长期病因与手术结果的因果关系。
易错点3（26 题）：她是在开始锻炼之后才"发现"对举重的热爱。热爱是结果，不是原因。若把passion 当
作原因，就会误解为"因为她热爱举重才开始锻炼"，这与原文的"began to work out...before discovering a 26
for weightlifting"（开始锻炼……之后才发现对举重的热爱）完全相反。
变式题1：
2024 年新课标I 卷（因果倒置：将结果当作原因）
I've been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 42 , but
then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a "super," referring to a 52.4-mile
double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 44 it! Between the girl
making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 46 I'd ever run again is if a big
dog was running after me!
43. A. training B. waiting C. planning D. asking
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
【解析】本题考查因果倒置：将结果误解为原因。
原文逻辑：作者因邻居赢得比赛（41 题C）而受到激励开始跑步→遇到一个女孩，她告诉作者她在为超级
马拉松训练（43 题选A. training）→作者第二天跑了15 英里→作者讨厌这次跑步（44 题选C. hated）→这
两件事（女孩的训练让作者的跑步显得微不足道 + 跑步的无聊）导致作者放弃跑步。
易错点：第44 题问作者对15 英里跑步的感受。如果只看前半句"I went on my longest run"，可能误以为作
者为此感到骄傲（made it）或认为自己很棒（deserved it）。但后文的"pure boredom of jogging"和"the only
46 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me"（除非被狗追，否则再也不跑）表明，作者实际上是
讨厌这次跑步的。若把结果（讨厌跑步）误当作原因（因为讨厌才不跑），就会选错。实际上，是先有"讨
厌"的感受，才导致"不再跑"的决定——这是因果关系，不能倒置。
【跨段因果线索】 第44 题的答案线索在后文的"boredom"和"only...if a big dog"中，需要将感受（因）与决
定（果）联系起来。
变式题2：2023 年新高考I 卷（因果错位：将目的当作原因）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 21 the
course earlier than she did. Her 22 came because she was carrying a 23 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 24 when a runner in
front of her began crying in pain. She 25 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if
she could walk forward with 26. She couldn't. Bailey then 27 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all
the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 28 attention.
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
27. A. planned B. asked C. happened D. bent down
【解析】本题考查因果错位：将目的（为了帮助）误解为原因（因为帮助而...）。
原文逻辑：Bailey 跑到三分之二时，前面的选手痛苦地哭了一一这是原因→Bailey 停下来（25 题选C.
stopped）帮助她——这是结果→她搀扶Lenoue，发现她无法行走→于是她弯下腰（27 题选D. bent down）
让Lenoue 爬到背上——这是进一步的结果。
易错点：第25 题问Bailey 做了什么。有考生可能误选A. agreed（同意）或D. promised（承诺），认为她
是"同意"或"承诺"帮助别人。但原文描述的是即时发生的情景——听到哭声后，她当即停下脚步。这里"停
下"是直接结果，而"帮助"是目的。若把目的（帮助）当作原因（因为要帮助所以停下），就会误选其他选
项。实际上，因果关系是：听到哭声（因）→停下（果）→帮助（目的）。
【因果链分析】 正确的因果顺序应为：听到哭声（触发因）→停下（直接果）→帮助（目的果）→背起
（进一步果）。每一步都有明确的因果关系，不能颠倒。
变式题3：2025 年北京卷（因果倒置：将伴随状态当作原因）
At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. The 1 to stand out consumed me, pushing me
towards a regrettable decision.
One day... our teacher mentioned missing computer parts. 2 looks exchanged... "It's possible to open that lock with
another key," I said. Instantly, eyes turned to me... Enjoying all the eyes on me, I 4 how to open the lock.
Little did I realize that single moment would ruin everything.
The following day, called to the headmaster's office, I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts... His
repeated 6 intensified, pushing me to the edge of fear and tears. In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting
pressure, I 7 confessed...
The headmaster asked my father to come to school... My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my
actions. 9 , I confessed my misguided longing for recognition.
1. A. promise B. competition C. desire D. hesitation
7. A. warmly B. readily C. randomly D. falsely
9. A. Generously B. Tearfully C. Carelessly D. Strangely
【解析】本题考查因果倒置：将伴随状态（含泪）误解为原因（因为含泪所以...），或将结果（违心）误
解为原因（因为违心所以...）。
原因链：渴望被关注（1 题选C. desire）→炫耀开锁方法→被怀疑偷东西→被反复质问（6 题选A.
questioning）→被逼到恐惧和眼泪的边缘（the edge of fear and tears）→在巨大压力下违心承认（7 题选D.
falsely）→父亲来校→含泪承认（9 题选B. Tearfully）真实动机。
易错点1（第7 题）：问作者是以什么方式承认的。前文说"pushing me to the edge of fear and tears"（把我逼
到恐惧和眼泪的边缘）——这是原因。在巨大压力下，他为了逃避压力而承认，但这种承认是违心的
（falsely），因为他并没有偷东西。若把"恐惧和眼泪"当作承认的方式，就会误选"warmly（温暖
地）"或"readily（欣然地）"，这就颠倒了因果关系——他是因为恐惧才违心承认，而非因为恐惧而真诚承
认。
易错点2（第9 题）：问在父亲询问时，作者以什么状态承认了真实想法。前文的情感铺垫（被逼到恐惧
和眼泪的边缘、违心承认）是原因，当慈爱的父亲询问时，压抑的情绪爆发，因此是含泪地（Tearfully）
承认——这是结果。若忽略前文的因果铺垫，可能误选"Generously（慷慨地）"或"Carelessly（粗心地）"。
【因果链分析】
本题的因果链是：渴望关注（因1）→炫耀（果1/因2）→被怀疑（果2/因3）→被质问（果3/因4）→恐
惧（果4/因5）→违心承认（果5/因6）→父亲询问（因6）→含泪坦白真实动机（最终果）。每一步都有
明确的因果关系，必须理清才能准确选择。
四、生活常识
高考英语完形填空生活常识题应试秘籍
生活经验直接判：校园生活、人际交往、日常行为——凭常识可直接锁定答案，无需纠结语法。
文化背景记心间：西方礼仪、节日习俗、社会规则——遇到文化类题目，用英语国家常识推理。
常理推断补空白：生病看医生、迷路问警察、获奖感兴奋——符合普遍认知的才是正确答案。
避坑指南：勿钻牛角尖，勿用特殊案例推翻普遍规律；当语法与常识冲突时，常识优先。
核心口诀：生活常识是底牌，符合常理直接选；文化背景要牢记，钻牛角尖必丢分。
易错点1：中西文化差异
2023 年新课标I 卷完形填空
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41
the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in
front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if
she could walk forward with 46. She couldn't. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all
the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. immediate
【解题思路与中西文化差异分析】
本文讲述Melanie Bailey 在越野赛中背着受伤参赛者过终点线的善行义举。第41 题和第48 题都涉及西方体
育赛事的文化常识。
第41 题分析：
文化背景：在长跑比赛中，选手的核心目标通常是"完成比赛"（finish the course）。这是马拉松、越野跑等
耐力赛事的基本常识——参赛者追求的是"完赛"，而非"设计赛道"（designed）、"跟随赛道"（followed）
或"改变赛道"（changed）。
线索运用：第一句交代了比赛背景，第二句"should have...earlier than she did"暗示她本应更早完成，但实际
被耽搁了。这种"预期完赛时间"与"实际完赛时间"的对比，正是基于"完赛是比赛目标"这一文化前提。
答案：41 题选D. finished
第48 题分析：
文化背景：西方大型体育赛事（尤其是马拉松、越野跑）通常配备完善的医疗支持系统，包括沿途的医疗
站（aid station/checkpoint）和急救人员。选手受伤后可以就近获得"医疗救助"（medical attention）。
线索运用：前文提到Lenoue 受伤无法行走，Bailey 背着她先到终点线，又走了300 英尺——这300 英尺的
目的地，正是赛道上设置的医疗点。根据赛事组织常识，终点附近通常设有医疗站，为完赛选手提供即时
医疗服务。
答案：48 题选A. medical
本题的易错点在于用中式思维替代西方文化常识。
第41 题易错项：C. changed（改变）。部分考生可能认为她本应"改变"赛道，但这是对比赛的误解。在西
方体育文化中，选手的使命是完成既定赛道，而非随意改变。
第48 题易错项：D. immediate（立即的）。从中文角度，"立即关注"似乎说得通，但不符合西方赛事组织
的实际情况。赛事方提供的是"医疗关注"（medical attention），这是一个固定搭配，指专业的医疗服务。
若选immediate，则忽略了西方赛事医疗支持这一文化背景。
变式题1：2024 年新课标I 卷（美国地域文化）
I've been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks' achievements all my life.
...I 47 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my
sister. While she was at work one day, I 49 her bike and went for a ride. The 50: The roads there went through large
valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such 51. That day, I got 52 by about 100
"local" bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as
53.
50. A. problem B. challenge C. advantage D. discovery
51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges
【解析】本题考查美国地域文化差异——圣迭戈的山地骑行文化与作者习惯的平坦道路形成对比-4。
文化背景：美国圣迭戈地形多山（large valleys, riding uphill for miles），与中西部平原地区的平坦道路形成
鲜明对比。对于习惯了平路的骑行者来说，这种山地骑行是巨大的"挑战"（challenge）。
线索运用：前文提到作者骑车很多，甚至梦想参赛，暗示他自认为水平不错。但到圣迭戈后，连续数英里
的上坡路是他从未面对过的"挑战"（51 题选D. challenges）。50 题描述这种路况本身就是一个"挑战"（选
B. challenge）。
易错分析：若不了解圣迭戈的地形特点，可能误以为作者发现了什么"优势"（advantage）或"发
现"（discovery）。实际上，作者面对的是意料之外的困难，这是基于地域文化常识的推断。
【跨文化要点】：美国不同地区地理特征差异显著，西部多山，中部平坦。理解这一点有助于把握作者
从"自信"到"受挫"的情感转变。
变式题2：2023 年全国乙卷（体育文化中的师徒关系）
...American gymnast Gabby Douglas, under the guidance of her Chinese coach, trained 41 and eventually won the
Olympic all-around gold medal. The coach's 42 style, combining strict discipline with emotional support, played a
crucial role in her success. Douglas later said in an interview that she 43 her coach not only for the technical skills
but also for teaching her the value of perseverance.
41. A. casually B. tirelessly C. secretly D. independently
42. A. teaching B. parenting C. coaching D. consulting
43. A. thanked B. admired C. credited D. remembered
【解析】本题考查体育文化中的师徒关系，涉及华人教练在西方体育界的角色认知-3-5。
文化背景：在西方体育文化中，教练（coach）与运动员的关系是专业且密切的。华人教练以其"严格训练
与情感支持相结合"的风格著称，这种"coaching style"（教练风格）是体育领域的专业术语。运动员成功后，
往往会将成功"归功于"（credit）教练。
41 题：根据体育文化常识，奥运冠军需要"不懈地"（tirelessly）训练，而非"随意地"（casually）。
42 题：教练的执教风格是"coaching style"，这是固定搭配。若选teaching，则混淆了"教学"与"执教"的区别。
43 题：西方运动员在采访中常用"credit sb. for sth."（将……归功于某人）表达对教练的感激。这是地道的
表达方式。
易错分析：用中式思维可能误选42 题B. parenting（育儿方式），将教练当作"家长"。但在西方体育文化中，
教练是专业角色，不是家长。43 题若选thanked，虽然语法正确，但不如credited 地道，且不能准确表
达"将成功归因于教练"这层含义。
【跨文化要点】：西方体育文化强调专业教练的独立角色，运动员与教练是职业合作关系，不同于中国传
统文化中"一日为师，终身为父"的观念。
变式题3：2025 年全国二卷（西方银发族健身文化）
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 21 seven years ago after having a 22 call. She'd
been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 23 led her to getting surgery. After that experience,
she knew that she needed to make a 24. Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and
follow a 25 lifestyle, before discovering a 26 for weightlifting.
Since setting out on the journey, the 27 lover has not only managed to 28 an impressive set of muscles — but also
a huge following on social media.
21. A. write B. travel C. exercise D. recover
26. A. demand B. secret C. passion D. cure
27. A. sports B. fitness C. health D. life
【解析】本题考查西方银发族（senior citizens）健身文化的特点。
文化背景：在西方国家，老年人健身是一种普遍的社会现象。65 岁开始锻炼并不罕见，健身房常见白发苍
苍的老人在举重、做有氧运动。这种文化背景下，老年人健身不是为了"恢复"（recover）健康，而是主动
追求更积极的生活方式。
21 题：她七年前开始"锻炼"（exercise）。若选D. recover，则是用中式思维——认为老年人健身是为了"恢
复"健康。但在西方文化中，老年人健身是主动选择的生活方式，而非被动恢复。
26 题：她发现了对举重的"热爱"（passion ）。西方银发族健身文化强调"热爱"驱动，而非"需
求"（demand）或"治疗"（cure）。
27 题：描述她时用"fitness lover"（健身爱好者），这是西方对活跃老年人的常见称呼。
易错分析：用中式思维可能误选21 题D. recover，认为老年人锻炼是为了治病。但在西方文化语境中，65
岁开始健身是"开启新生活"，而非"从病痛中恢复"。26 题若选cure，则把健身当作"治病手段"，与西方银
发族追求生活品质的文化不符。
【跨文化要点】：西方老年人崇尚"积极老龄化"（active aging），健身是追求生活品质的方式，而非医疗
行为。这与部分东方文化中"老年养生"的观念有所不同。
易错点2：情感反应偏差
2023 年新高考I 卷完形填空
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41 the
course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in
front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue... Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue
climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get
48 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of
her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52. "She was just crying. I couldn't 53 her,"
Bailey told the reporter. "I feel like I was just doing the right thing."
51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
【解题思路与情感反应分析】
本文讲述Melanie Bailey 在越野赛中背着受伤参赛者过终点线的善行义举。第51-53 题考查主人公Bailey 对
自己行为的心理感受，其情感反应需与前文铺垫保持一致。
前文情感铺垫：
第一段：Bailey 本应更早完成比赛（41 题D），但因帮助他人而耽搁（42 题A）——这是客观事实
第二、三段：她毫不犹豫地停下（45 题C）、弯下腰（47 题D）背起受伤选手，将其送到医疗点（48 题
A）
第四段开头："As for Bailey, she is more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52"
事件性质：Bailey 做了一件助人为乐的好事
社会预期：人们普遍会称赞这种行为，认为这是"大事"（a big deal）
Bailey 的自我认知：她认为自己"只是做了正确的事"（just doing the right thing）
情感冲突点：外界的高度评价与她的自我认知形成反差，因此她感到的是困惑——为什么大家都觉得这事
很了不起？
答案：
51 题选C. confused（困惑的）——她不明白为什么自己的行为被看作大事
52 题选D. deal——a big deal 是固定搭配，意为"重要的事"
53 题选A. leave——看到对方哭泣，她"不能丢下她不管"
本题的易错点在于用错误的情感反应替代正确的情绪。
错选A. worried（担忧的）：部分考生可能认为Bailey 对自己行为的后果感到"担忧"。但后文她明确说"我
只是做了正确的事"，并无担忧之意。
错选B. ashamed（羞愧的）：可能误以为她因耽误比赛而感到"羞愧"。但全文情感基调是积极正面的，她
对自己的选择毫无悔意。
错选D. discouraged（气馁的）：可能以为她因没能正常完赛而"气馁"。但第三段明确她成功帮助了他人，
这是成就感而非挫败感。
核心情感逻辑：一个做了好事的人，面对别人的称赞，最自然的情感反应是"谦虚"或"困惑"——她不觉得
自己做了什么了不起的事。这种"谦虚"通过"困惑"的形式表现出来，符合普遍的情感反应规律。
变式题1：2025 年全国一卷（从沮丧到鼓舞的情感转变）
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn't seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 38 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years
filling up... I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting
additional 43, another asking for a price cut. As our 44 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it.
The 45: "I hate this vase. Maybe you won't." In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the
vase.
46, I posted more. My daily posts and the 47 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house...
46. A. Confused B. Interested C. Disappointed D. Encouraged
47. A. visits B. reports C. advice D. money
【解析】本题考查情感反应的前后转变——从可能的沮丧到受到鼓舞。
前文情感铺垫：
作者最初卖花瓶时，遇到砍价等小挫折
改为免费赠送后，配文"我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。"——这带有自嘲和无奈
结果"一位女士迅速冲进我家，开心地拿走了花瓶"
情感反应逻辑：
免费赠送出乎意料地顺利（"in an instant"）
这种积极反馈让作者感到受到鼓励（Encouraged），于是继续发布更多物品
后文"my daily posts...became a precious ray of light"进一步印证了积极的情感转变
易错分析：
若选A. Confused（困惑的）：虽然前文自嘲式的配文可能让人困惑，但"raced into my house and left
happily"是积极反馈，应导致鼓励而非困惑
若选C. Disappointed（失望的）：与事件性质完全相反——顺利送出东西怎么会失望？
若选B. Interested（感兴趣的）：情感层次太浅，无法解释后续"posted more"的行为动机
【情感反应规律】：积极的结果→积极的情感反馈→积极的后续行为。这是情感反应的基本逻辑链。
变式题2：2022 年新高考I 卷（困境中的无助感）
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
...Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 27, but storms move in fast in the
mountains, and this one quickly 28 our peaceful morning trip. The 29 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband
stopped fishing to 30 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 31. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a
dead motor. As we all sat there 32, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were 33.
32. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
33. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
【解析】
本题考查在危险/困境中的情感反应——无助感。
前文情感铺垫：
暴风雨来临，船发动机坏了，反复尝试无法启动
"stuck in the middle of the lake"——被困湖中央
暴雨、雷声、无法移动的船——构成危险情境
情感反应逻辑：
面对这种困境，人的正常情感反应是无助（helplessly）——无能为力、不知所措
后文渔夫出现救援，他们最终脱险，因此感到安全（safe）
易错分析：
若选A. patiently（耐心地）：危险情况下不可能"耐心等待"，这违背基本情感常识
若选B. tirelessly（不知疲倦地）：船已无法启动，"不知疲倦"无从谈起
若选C. doubtfully（怀疑地）：怀疑什么？情感指向不明确
第33 题印证：获救后的情感是"safe"，这是危险解除后的自然反应，与前面的"helplessly"形成完整的情感
闭环。
【情感反应规律】：危险/困境→无助感→获救→安全感。情感反应必须与情境的危险程度匹配。
变式题3：2025 年北京卷（压力下的恐惧与委屈）
At 15, I excelled academically yet felt overshadowed and unnoticed. The 1 to stand out consumed me, pushing me
towards a regrettable decision.
One day... our teacher mentioned missing computer parts. 2 looks exchanged... "It's possible to open that lock with
another key," I said. Instantly, eyes turned to me... Enjoying all the eyes on me, I 4 how to open the lock.
Little did I realize that single moment would ruin everything.
The following day, called to the headmaster's office, I found myself accused of stealing the missing parts... His
repeated 6 intensified, pushing me to the edge of fear and tears. In a desperate attempt to escape the mounting
pressure, I 7 confessed.
The headmaster asked my father to come to school... My father gently asked me if I understood the gravity of my
actions. 9, I confessed my misguided longing for recognition.
7. A. warmly B. readily C. randomly D. falsely
9. A. Generously B. Tearfully C. Carelessly D. Strangely
【解析】本题考查压力下的情感反应——恐惧导致违心承认，委屈导致含泪坦白。
情感铺垫（第7 题前文）：
"pushing me to the edge of fear and tears"（把我逼到恐惧和眼泪的边缘）——明确的情感状态
"in a desperate attempt to escape the mounting pressure"（拼命想逃避不断加大的压力）——行为动机
被冤枉但无力辩驳——情感困境
第7 题情感反应：
在这种高压下，为了逃避压力而承认，这种承认是违心的（falsely）
他不是真心认罪，而是被迫承认——情感逻辑：恐惧→违心行为
第9 题前文情感铺垫：
父亲温和地询问
前面积压的恐惧、委屈、压力找到了宣泄出口
第9 题情感反应：
面对慈爱的父亲，压抑的情绪爆发，因此是含泪地（Tearfully）承认真实想法
情感逻辑：长期压抑→遇到安全出口→情绪释放（流泪）
易错分析：
第7 题若选B. readily（欣然地）：与"desperate attempt to escape pressure"矛盾——欣然接受意味着主动愿意，
而非被迫
第9 题若选A. Generously（慷慨地）：情感与情境完全不符——这不是慷慨的时候
若选C. Carelessly（粗心地）：承认的是内心深处的渴望，怎会粗心？
【情感反应规律】：高压逼迫→恐惧→违心行为（第7 题）；安全环境→情绪释放→含泪坦白（第9 题）。
情感反应随情境变化而自然转变
1.（2026·山东青岛·一模）In a remote village in Zambia, where roads seem to stretch endlessly before reaching
the nearest town, a classroom is filled with the energy of its young learners. The desks are basic, the books are 1
, and the room is crowded beyond capacity — but something 2 is happening here. Andrew, a 38-year-old
teacher, has 3 his under-resourced and overcrowded classroom.
Students in Andrew’s class travel 5 to 15 kilometers each day to attend his lessons. The daily 4
reflects the broader barriers to 5 in Zambia, where over 800,000 primary school-aged children are out of
school.
Andrew 6 to let these barriers limit the potential of the 7 young learners who make the
daily journey to his classroom. Drawing from local culture, he 8 traditional games — like skipping rope.
These 9 helped children understand numbers and develop foundational skills in 10 ways. At the
same time, he 11 support from the school administration and fellow teachers, even using his own funds
to obtain essential teaching materials. 12 to developing a sense of professionalism and 13
among teachers, Andrew and his colleagues printed T-shirts decorated with “Catch-Up Program Teacher”. It was a
small but powerful 14 that reinforced their identity as teachers dedicated to transforming learning
outcomes.
One of his students 15 Andrew’s impact best: “My mother asked me why I go to school. I
replied, to become just like my teacher when I grow up.”
1．A．inappropriate
B．insufficient
C．inexpensive
D．incredible
2．A．extraordinary
B．shocking
C．urgent
D．amusing
3．A．decorated
B．equipped
C．occupied
D．transformed
4．A．struggle
B．exercise
C．schedule
D．choice
5．A．transportation
B．education
C．communication
D．accommodation
6．A．managed
B．tended
C．refused
D．threatened
7．A．determined
B．straightforward
C．generous
D．talented
8．A．appreciated
B．named
C．included
D．created
9．A．beliefs
B．missions
C．instructions
D．activities
10．A．attractive
B．complex
C．typical
D．abstract
11．A．withdrew
B．secured
C．confirmed
D．ignored
12．A．Contrary
B．Committed
C．Sensitive
D．Addicted
13．A．humour
B．justice
C．pride
D．relief
14．A．lesson
B．organization
C．routine
D．gesture
15．A．got over
B．benefited from
C．summed up
D．brought about
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B
12．B 13．C 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在赞比亚的一个偏远村庄，老师Andrew 在教育资源匮乏、教室
拥挤的条件下，致力于改变学生学习现状的感人事迹。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：课桌十分简单，书本数量不足，教室拥挤得远超容纳限度——但这里正
发生着不同寻常的事。A. inappropriate 不适当的；B. insufficient 不足的；C. inexpensive 便宜的；D.
incredible 难以置信的。根据上文“The desks are basic”及下文“his under-resourced and overcrowded
classroom”可知，教学条件很差，书本数量不足。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. extraordinary 非凡的；B. shocking 令人震惊的；C. urgent 紧急
的；D. amusing 有趣的。but 说明前后形成转折，前面“The desks are basic, the books are _____, and the
room is crowded beyond capacity”说教育条件差，转折后说这里正发生不寻常的事，以引出后文故事。故选
A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：38 岁的教师Andrew 改造了这间资源匮乏、拥挤不堪的教室。A. decorated
装饰；B. equipped 配备；C. occupied 占据；D. transformed 改变。根据下文“he _______ traditional games —
like skipping rope.”及“he _____ support from the school administration and fellow teachers, even using his own
funds to obtain essential teaching materials”可知，Andrew 通过自己的努力改变了这个资源匮乏、拥挤的教室。
故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种日常的艰辛折射出赞比亚在接受教育上存在的更普遍障碍——该国超
80 万学龄儿童无法入学。A. struggle 挣扎；B. exercise 锻炼；C. schedule 日程；D. choice 选择。根据上文
“Students in Andrew’s class travel 5 to 15 kilometers each day to attend his lessons.(Andrew 班的学生每天要走
5 到15 公里去上课。)”可知，学生每天要长途跋涉上学，非常不易，体现了挣扎。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. transportation 交通；B. education 教育；C. communication 交流；
D. accommodation 住宿。根据下文“over 800,000 primary school-aged children are out of school”可知，赞比
亚有超过80 万适龄儿童失学，这反映了赞比亚面临的教育障碍。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Andrew 拒绝让这些障碍限制那些每天步行来上课的、意志坚定的年轻学习
者的潜力。A. managed 管理；B. tended 倾向；C. refused 拒绝；D. threatened 威胁。根据上文“Andrew, a
38-year-old teacher, has ______ his under-resourced and overcrowded classroom.”和下文“teachers dedicated to
transforming learning outcomes”可知，Andrew 拒绝让这些障碍限制孩子的潜力，符合他积极改变的态度，
refused to do sth.“拒绝做某事”符合他积极作为的形象。故选C。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. determined 坚定的；B. straightforward 直接的；C. generous 慷
慨的；D. talented 有天赋的。根据下文“young learners who make the daily journey to his classroom”可知，能
每天坚持走很远路来上学的学生，是意志坚定的。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从当地文化中汲取灵感，在教学中纳入了跳绳这类传统游戏。A.
appreciated 欣赏；B. named 命名；C. included 包括；D. created 创造。根据下文“helped children understand
numbers and develop foundational skills”可知，Andrew 借鉴当地文化，在教学中加入了传统游戏，培养了孩
子们的基本技能。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些活动帮助孩子们理解数字概念，并以生动有趣的方式培养基本技能。
A. beliefs 信仰；B. missions 任务；C. instructions 指示；D. activities 活动。这里的These 指代前文的
“traditional games”，游戏属于教学活动。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. attractive 有吸引力的，引起兴趣的；B. complex 复杂的；C.
typical 典型的；D. abstract 抽象的。根据上文“traditional games”可知，用游戏的方式来教学，是一种有趣
的、有吸引力的方式，能让孩子更愿意参与。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，他争取到了学校管理层和其他老师的支持，甚至用自己的资金
购买必要的教材。A. withdrew 撤回；B. secured 获得；C. confirmed 确认；D. ignored 忽视。根据下文
“support from the school administration and fellow teachers”可知，Andrew 还从学校管理层和同事那里争取到
支持。故选B。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：致力于培养教师的职业素养与自豪感，Andrew 和同事们印制了印有“补
习计划教师”字样的T 恤。A. Contrary 相反的；B. Committed 尽心尽力的，坚定的；C. Sensitive 敏感的；
D. Addicted 上瘾的。根据下文“to developing a sense of professionalism and ______ among teachers, Andrew
and his colleagues printed T-shirts decorated with “Catch-Up Program Teacher””可知，印制T 恤说明了他们的决
心，此处指Andrew 和同事致力于培养教师的职业素养和自豪感。committed to doing sth.意为“致力于做某
事”。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. humour 幽默；B. justice 正义；C. pride 自豪；D. relief 宽慰。
根据上文“developing a sense of professionalism and”和下文“reinforced their identity as teachers dedicated to
transforming learning outcomes”可知，他们印制带标识的T 恤，可以强调其身份，能够增强教师的职业认同
感和对其身份的自豪感。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这小且充满力量的举动，强化了他们作为教师的身份——一群致力于改变
学生学习成效的教育者。A. lesson 课；B. organization 组织；C. routine 常规；D. gesture 手势，姿态。根据
上文“Andrew and his colleagues printed T-shirts decorated with “Catch-Up Program Teacher””可知，印制T 恤
这个行为虽小，却能强化教师身份，是一种有影响力的举动。故选D。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他的一名学生最能概括Andrew 的影响：“妈妈问我为什么要上学，我回
答说，长大后要成为像老师一样的人。”A. got over 克服；B. benefited from 受益于；C. summed up 总结；
D. brought about 引起。根据下文““My mother asked me why I go to school. I replied, to become just like my
teacher when I grow up.”可知，学生的话总结了Andrew 的行为带来的影响。故选C。
2.（2026·四川成都·二模）The story of his family and the essential help from Lifeline motivated Aaron greatly.
Aaron has thus become a 16 donor and decided to leave a gift in his will to help others facing similar
challenges.
“I was always very close to my parents; they 17 my life with so many wonderful experiences. But
in 1977, Dad died of a sudden heart 18 . Everything changed after that. Mum was different after Dad’s
death. She became sad and incredibly lonely. Two years after Dad died, Mum made her first 19 to end
her life. 20 I was living with her at the time, so I found her before it was too late. She was 21
to the hospital by ambulance.
She told us later that she was 22 to have survived, so we hoped that was the end of it. However, in
1982, the same thing happened again. This time, I wasn’t there to save her. I know that it wasn’t my 23 ,
but I 24 the trauma (悲痛) of not being there for a very long time. It took over twenty years to come to
terms with it. I’m convinced that Mum would still be 25 today if she’d been able to connect with a
service like Lifeline. That belief drove me to start 26 to Lifeline many years ago. And more recently, it
27 me to leave a gift in my will to help support future generations of people just like Mum when they need it
most.
The process of leaving a gift in my will was simple. Obviously, there was a bit of back and forth with my
wife while we 28 what we wanted to do. But once we’d made our decision, assigning proportion (份额)
was easy. And it was a massive relief knowing that our wishes would be 29 without making life too
difficult for our loved ones. Having someone to 30 is so important. It’s such a worthy cause that really
can have a huge impact.”
16．A．voluntary
B．permanent
C．compulsory
D．committed
17．A．filled
B．packed
C．supplied
D．loaded
18．A．illness
B．disorder
C．attack
D．surgery
19．A．intention
B．effort
C．trial
D．attempt
20．A．Consciously
B．Fortunately
C．Definitely
D．Resolutely
21．A．sent
B．rushed
C．moved
D．wheeled
22．A．relaxed
B．thrilled
C．content
D．relieved
23．A．responsibility B．error
C．mistake
D．fault
24．A．brought
B．carried
C．fetched
D．took
25．A．passive
B．aggressive
C．alive
D．sensitive
26．A．presenting
B．distributing
C．donating
D．circulating
27．A．awakened
B．inspired
C．tempted
D．persuaded
28．A．worked out
B．took out
C．picked out
D．carried out
29．A．disappointed
B．made
C．fulfilled
D．conveyed
30．A．reach out to
B．watch out for
C．look up to
D．catch up on
【答案】
16．D 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B 21．B 22．D 23．D 24．B 25．C
26．C 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Aaron 因家庭变故受Lifeline 启发成为捐赠者并立遗嘱帮助
他人的故事。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，Aaron 成为了一名坚定的捐赠者，并决定在遗嘱中留下一份礼物，
帮助其他面临类似挑战的人。A. voluntary 自愿的；B. permanent 永久的；C. compulsory 强制的；D.
committed 坚定的。根据后文“donor and decided to leave a gift in his will to help others facing similar
challenges”可知，Aaron 决定在遗嘱中留下一份礼物，帮助其他面临类似挑战的人，说明他是一个坚定的捐
赠者。故选D。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直和父母很亲近；他们用许多美妙的经历充实了我的生活。A. filled
充满；B. packed 打包；C. supplied 供应；D. loaded 装载。根据后文“my life with so many wonderful
experiences”可知，此处指父母用许多美妙的经历充实了作者的生活，fill sth. with sth.为固定搭配，意为
“用……充满……”。故选A。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在1977 年，父亲突然心脏病发作去世。A. illness 疾病；B. disorder 紊乱；
C. attack 攻击；D. surgery 手术。根据上文“Dad died of a sudden heart”可知，此处指父亲突发心脏病去世，
heart attack 为固定搭配，意为“心脏病发作”。故选C。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲去世两年后，母亲第一次试图结束自己的生命。A. intention 意图；B.
effort 努力；C. trial 试验；D. attempt 尝试。根据后文“to end her life”可知，母亲第一次试图自杀，make an
attempt to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“试图做某事”。故选D。
20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我当时和她住在一起，所以我在为时已晚之前找到了她。A.
Consciously 有意识地；B. Fortunately 幸运地；C. Definitely 肯定地；D. Resolutely 坚决地。根据后文“I was
living with her at the time, so I found her before it was too late”可知，作者当时和母亲住在一起，紧急救助了
她，这是幸运的。故选B。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她被救护车紧急送往医院。A. sent 发送；B. rushed 冲；C. moved 移动；D.
wheeled 转动。根据前文“Mum made her first ____ to end her life.”和后文“to the hospital by ambulance”可知，
母亲企图自杀，应该是被救护车紧急送往医院，rush sb. to hospital 为固定搭配，意为“紧急送某人去医
院”。故选B。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她后来告诉我们，她很庆幸自己能活下来，所以我们希望这是最后一次。
A. relaxed 放松的；B. thrilled 激动的；C. content 满足的；D. relieved 宽慰的，庆幸的。根据后文“to have
survived”可知，母亲很庆幸自己被送往医院并能活下来，死里逃生感到释然。故选D。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道这不是我的错，但我很长时间都无法摆脱没有陪在她身边的悲痛。
A. responsibility 责任；B. error 错误；C. mistake 错误；D. fault 过错。根据上文“However, in 1982, the same
thing happened again. This time, I wasn’t there to save her. I know that it wasn’t my”可知，此处指作者知道母亲
的自杀不是自己的错，it’s one’s fault 为固定搭配，意为“是某人的错”。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. brought 带来；B. carried 携带；C. fetched 取来；D. took 拿走。根据
后文“the trauma (悲痛) of not being there for a very long time”和“It took over twenty years to come to terms
with it.”可知，母亲去世，作者很长时间都无法摆脱失去母亲的创伤，carry sth.为固定搭配，意为“携带某
物”，此处引申为“无法摆脱某物”。故选B。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我确信，如果妈妈能和像Lifeline 这样的服务机构联系上，她今天还会
活着。A. passive 被动的；B. aggressive 侵略性的；C. alive 活着的；D. sensitive 敏感的。根据上文“Mum
would still be”以及后文“if she’d been able to connect with a service like Lifeline”可知，如果妈妈能和像
Lifeline 这样的服务机构联系上，情况可能就不同，她就不会自杀，就还会活着。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种信念驱使我在多年前开始向Lifeline 捐款。A. presenting 呈现；B.
distributing 分配；C. donating 捐赠；D. circulating 循环。根据后文“to Lifeline many years ago”以及“leave a
gift in my will to help support future generations of people”可知，作者多年前开始向Lifeline 捐款。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，它激励我在遗嘱中留下一份礼物，帮助那些在最需要的时候像妈妈
一样的人。A. awakened 唤醒；B. inspired 激励；C. tempted 诱惑；D. persuaded 说服。根据后文“me to
leave a gift in my will to help support future generations of people just like Mum when they need it most”可知，
Lifeline 激励作者立下遗嘱，帮助那些在最需要的时候像妈妈一样的人。故选B。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：显然，在我和妻子商量我们想做什么的时候，有一些来回的讨论。A.
worked out 解决；B. took out 取出；C. picked out 挑选出；D. carried out 执行。根据后文“what we wanted to
do”可知，此处指作者和妻子商量有关立遗嘱的事情，work out 为固定搭配，意为“解决，商量出”。故选
A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道我们的愿望会得到满足，而不会给我们所爱的人带来太大的困难，这
是一种巨大的解脱。A. disappointed 失望；B. made 制作；C. fulfilled 满足；D. conveyed 传达。根据上文
“our wishes would be”以及后文“without making life too difficult for our loved ones”可知，此处指知道作者
的愿望会得到满足，同时不会给爱的人带来太大的困扰，这是一种巨大的解脱。故选C。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有人可以求助是非常重要的。A. reach out to 向……伸出援手，求助；B.
watch out for 小心；C. look up to 尊敬；D. catch up on 赶上。根据上文“Having someone to”以及后文“It’s
such a worthy cause that really can have a huge impact.”可知，此处指当生活遇到不顺，有人可以求助是非常
重要的，这是一个非常有意义的事业。故选A。
3.（2026·陕西西安·模拟预测）Once upon a time, much of the world was populated by wolves. They 31
all over the United States and Canada, Siberia and much of mainland Europe, as well as Great Britain, and if
humans hadn’t come along, they would still be there in great numbers. But man did come along, farmed the land,
32 the wolves killing their livestock (家畜) and so gradually drove them out of the homes that had once been
theirs.
Wolves are not 33 in our language and literature, however. In fairy stories, they are seen as evil and
dangerous, always 34 to eat people. Remember the time when Little Red Riding Hood thinks that a wolf is
her grandmother? If you really want to see how English-speaking humans think of the wolf, just look at the 35
! “A wolf in sheep’s clothing” is not a pleasant person and a “wolf-whistle” is not a pleasant sound!
Yet wolves are totally unlike the image we have of them from legend and language. For a start, they don’t
36 humans; indeed, they do their best to keep out of our way. They are very sociable animals, living in packs and
looking after their young, which should make some humans 37 themselves. Instead of being 38 , the
howl of the wolf — the cry of the whole pack — as the full moon rises in a star-bright sky, is one of the most
beautiful sounds in nature. They are beautiful creatures which can run at speeds of up to 65 kph if they have to. And
when they do 39 , their 42 large teeth are fearlessly effective.
But the 40 remains that we love the lion, the king of the jungle, while we demonize ( 妖魔化) the
wolf, one of the most beautiful animals in the world. Only 41 do writers treat them nicely; for example, a
she-wolf is supposed to have fed the twins Remus and Romulus, who went on to 42 the city of Rome.
And so, while man kills animals in their millions, often just for the fun of it, the wolf represents a state of
natural 43 that we do not know and can never obtain, even though we 44 it in our hearts. Perhaps
that’s why, in the end, we 45 the wolf so much — for having something we can never get our hands on.
31．A．ruled
B．migrated
C．concentrated
D．ranged
32．A．set aside
B．approved of
C．objected to
D．worked out
33．A．killers
B．victims
C．characters
D．criminals
34．A．reluctant
B．ready
C．unlikely
D．sure
35．A．look
B．sound
C．language
D．behaviour
36．A．avoid
B．frighten
C．attack
D．protest
37．A．surprised at
B．pleased with
C．ashamed of
D．interested in
38．A．loud
B．peaceful
C．musical
D．soft
39．A．run
B．jump
C．kill
D．cry
40．A．possibility
B．mystery
C．evidence
D．fact
41．A．occasionally
B．recently
C．instantly
D．ultimately
42．A．found
B．ruin
C．pollute
D．mess
43．A．duty
B．grace
C．competition
D．skill
44．A．criticize
B．desire
C．neglect
D．learn
45．A．cage
B．keep
C．notice
D．hate
【答案】
31．D 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．C 36．C 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．D
41．A 42．A 43．B 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了狼曾经分布广泛，因人类捕杀家畜被赶走，在语言文学中常被妖
魔化，但实际狼不攻击人类、很合群，嚎叫美丽，人们却因得不到狼代表的自然优雅状态而讨厌它。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们遍布美国和加拿大、西伯利亚以及欧洲大陆的大部分地区，还有英国。
A. ruled 统治；B. migrated 迁移；C. concentrated 集中；D. ranged 分布，排列。根据上文“Once upon a time,
much of the world was populated by wolves.”以及语境可知，此处表示狼曾经分布广泛，range all over...表示
“遍布……”，故选D。
32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是人类出现了，耕种土地，反对狼捕杀他们的家畜，于是逐渐把它们赶
出了曾经属于它们的家园。A. set aside 留出；B. approved of 赞成；C. objected to 反对；D. worked out 解决。
根据下文“gradually drove them out of the homes that had once been theirs”可知，人类反对狼捕杀家畜，所以
将狼赶走，故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我们的语言和文学中，狼并不是受害者。A. killers 杀手；B.
victims 受害者；C. characters 角色；D. criminals 罪犯。根据下文“In fairy stories, they are seen as evil and
dangerous”结合however 可知，在童话故事中狼被视为邪恶危险，此处转折说明在语言文学中狼不是受害者，
故选B。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在童话故事中，它们被视为邪恶和危险的，总是准备好吃人。A.
reluctant 不情愿的；B. ready 准备好的；C. unlikely 不太可能的；D. sure 确定的。根据上文“In fairy stories,
they are seen as evil and dangerous,”可知，狼被描绘成随时准备吃人的形象，be ready to do sth.表示“准备做
某事”，故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你真的想看看说英语的人是如何看待狼的，只要看看语言就知道了！
A. look 表情；B. sound 声音；C. language 语言；D. behaviour 行为。根据下文““A wolf in sheep’s clothing”
is not a pleasant person and a “wolf-whistle” is not a pleasant sound!”可知，这些都是英语中关于狼的表达，所
以此处在通过语言来看人们对狼的看法，故选C。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，它们不会攻击人类；事实上，它们尽力避开我们。A. avoid 避免；
B. frighten 使害怕；C. attack 攻击；D. protest 抗议。根据下文“they do their best to keep out of our way”可知，
狼尽力避开人类，也就是不会攻击人类，故选C。
37．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：它们是非常合群的动物，群居并照顾幼崽，这应该让一些人类感到羞愧。
A. surprised at 对……惊讶；B. pleased with 对……满意；C. ashamed of 对……羞愧；D. interested in 对……
感兴趣。根据上文“They are very sociable animals, living in packs and looking after their young,”以及语境可知，
狼群居照顾幼崽，而人类有时却做出不好的行为，所以这让一些人类感到羞愧，故选C。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：狼的嚎叫——当满月在星光明亮的天空中升起时，整个狼群的叫声——
不是喧闹的，而是自然界中最美丽的声音之一。A. loud 大声的，喧闹的；B. peaceful 和平的；C. musical 音
乐的；D. soft 柔软的。根据下文“one of the most beautiful sounds in nature”可知，狼的嚎叫不是喧闹的，而
是美丽的声音，故选A。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它们真的捕杀时，它们42 颗大牙齿会毫不畏惧地发挥有效作用。A. run
跑；B. jump 跳；C. kill 捕杀；D. cry 哭。根据下文“their 42 large teeth are fearlessly effective”可知，狼捕杀
时牙齿会发挥作用，故选C。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但事实是，我们热爱丛林之王狮子，而我们却妖魔化世界上最美丽的动物
之一——狼。A. possibility 可能性；B. mystery 神秘；C. evidence 证据；D. fact 事实。根据下文“that we
love the lion, the king of the jungle, while we demonize (妖魔化) the wolf,”可知，这是客观存在的事实，故选
D。
41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：只有作家才会偶尔善待它们；例如，据说一只母狼喂养了双胞胎雷穆斯和
罗穆卢斯，他们后来建立了罗马城。A. occasionally 偶尔；B. recently 最近；C. instantly 立刻；D. ultimately
最终。根据上文“Only”和下文“for example, a she-wolf is supposed to have fed the twins Remus and
Romulus,”可知，此处表示只有作家偶尔会善待狼，故选A。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有作家才会偶尔善待它们；例如，据说一只母狼喂养了双胞胎雷穆斯和
罗穆卢斯，他们后来建立了罗马城。A. found 建立；B. ruin 毁灭；C. pollute 污染；D. mess 弄乱。根据上文
“for example, a she-wolf is supposed to have fed the twins Remus and Romulus,”以及下文“the city of Rome”可
知，此处表示母狼喂养的双胞胎雷穆斯和罗穆卢斯后来建立了罗马城，故选A。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当人类杀死数以百万计的动物，往往只是为了好玩时，狼代表了一
种我们不知道也永远无法获得的自然优雅状态，即使我们在内心渴望它。A. duty 职责；B. grace 优雅；C.
competition 竞争；D. skill 技能。根据下文“we do not know and can never obtain”和“for having something
we can never get our hands on”可知，狼代表的是一种自然优雅的状态，故选B。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当人类杀死数以百万计的动物，往往只是为了好玩时，狼代表了一
种我们不知道也永远无法获得的自然优雅状态，即使我们在内心渴望它。A. criticize 批评；B. desire 渴望；
C. neglect 忽视；D. learn 学习。根据上文“we do not know and can never obtain”和以及下文“in our hearts”
可知，我们在内心渴望这种状态，故选B。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许这就是为什么，最终，我们如此讨厌狼——因为它们拥有我们永远无
法得到的东西。A. cage 关进笼子；B. keep 保持；C. notice 注意到；D. hate 讨厌。根据下文“for having
something we can never get our hands on”可知，因为狼拥有我们得不到的东西，所以我们讨厌狼，故选D。
4.（2026·山东济南·模拟预测）Liao Zhi, a Chinese dancer, endured an unthinkable tragedy during the 2008
Wenchuan earthquake — she lost both her legs, her dance career seemingly 46 overnight. Yet, instead of
submitting to despair, she chose to rebuild her life with 47 resolve.
After months of hard recovery training, Liao learned to walk on prosthetic limbs, a process filled with sharp
pain and 48 setbacks. Her dream of dancing, however, never faded. She spent 49 hours
practicing. In 2013, she stunned audiences on a national dance competition show, 50 her passion for life
in a red dress.
Beyond the stage, Liao has become a symbol of resilience. She founded a charity to 51 earthquake
survivors and disabled people. “Disability is not a dead end,” she often says. “It’s a new path to discover strength
you never knew you 52 .”
Her journey reflects a universal 53 : the human spirit can surpass physical restrictions, proving that
even in the 54 times, hope and determination can turn tragedy into triumph. Today, she continues to
dance, teach, and advocate, showing the world that true beauty and strength come from within, unbroken by life’s
greatest 55 .
She once said that every fall during practice taught her to stand up more 56 . For her, dance is no
longer just a career but a(n) 57 of life — a way to express her love for the world and inspire those feeling
58 by misfortune. She believes adversity is not a punishment, but a 59 to grow and become a better
oneself. To this day, Liao still takes the stage with a smile, her steps telling a story of hope that 60
millions around the world.
46．A．founded
B．rescued
C．innovated
D．shattered
47．A．unyielding
B．unavoidable
C．uncertain
D．unconscious
48．A．scarce
B．occasional
C．repeated
D．slight
49．A．limited
B．countless
C．brief
D．spare
50．A．hiding
B．expressing
C．covering
D．hindering
51．A．judge
B．blame
C．support
D．scold
52．A．possessed
B．proposed
C．demanded
D．desired
53．A．fiction
B．truth
C．theory
D．story
54．A．brightest
B．longest
C．busiest
D．darkest
55．A．opportunities
B．achievements
C．challenges
D．successes
56．A．bravely
B．bitterly
C．casually
D．secretly
57．A．style
B．attitude
C．concept
D．habit
58．A．defeated
B．motivated
C．praised
D．affected
59．A．reason
B．barrier
C．chance
D．consequence
60．A．astonishes
B．puzzles
C．discourages
D．touches
【答案】
46．D 47．A 48．C 49．B 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．C
56．A 57．B 58．A 59．C 60．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了汶川地震中失去双腿的舞蹈演员廖智以坚韧不拔的意志重新站起
来，通过舞蹈和慈善事业激励他人的感人故事。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：廖智，一位中国舞蹈演员，在2008 年汶川地震中经历了难以想象的悲剧
——她失去了双腿，舞蹈生涯似乎一夜之间被粉碎。A. founded 建立；B. rescued 拯救；C. innovated 创新；
D. shattered 粉碎。根据上文“she lost both her legs”可知，失去双腿对舞蹈生涯是毁灭性的打击，故选D。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，她没有屈服于绝望，而是选择以不屈的决心重建生活。A.
unyielding 不屈的；B. unavoidable 不可避免的；C. uncertain 不确定的；D. unconscious 无意识的。根据上文
“instead of submitting to despair”可知，她决心坚定。故选A。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的艰苦康复训练，廖智学会了用假肢行走，这个过程充满了
剧痛和反复的挫折。A. scarce 稀缺的；B. occasional 偶尔的；C. repeated 反复的；D. slight 轻微的。由上文
“a process filled with sharp pain”可知，挫折应是频繁的，即反复发生的。故选C。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她花费了无数的时间练习。A. limited 有限的；B. countless 无数的；C.
brief 短暂的；D. spare 空闲的。根据上文“Her dream of dancing, however, never faded.”可知，她努力康复并
最终登上舞台可知，她投入了大量时间。故选B。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2013 年，她在全国舞蹈比赛节目中惊艳了观众，用红裙子表达她对生活的
热爱。A. hiding 隐藏；B. expressing 表达；C. covering 覆盖；D. hindering 阻碍。根据下文“her passion for
life”可知，她是在表达热爱。故选B。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成立了一个慈善机构来支持地震幸存者和残疾人。A. judge 判断；B.
blame 责备；C. support 支持；D. scold 责骂。由上文“She founded a charity”可知，慈善机构的目的是提供
帮助。故选C。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“残疾不是死路，”她常说，“这是一条新路，去发现你从未知道自己拥
有的力量。”A. possessed 拥有；B. proposed 提议；C. demanded 要求；D. desired 渴望。根据上文“strength
you never knew you”可知，是自身拥有的力量。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的经历揭示了一个普遍的真理：人类精神能够超越身体的限制，这证明
了即便在最黑暗的时刻，希望和决心也能将悲剧转化为胜利。A. fiction 虚构；B. truth 真理；C. theory 理论；
D. story 故事。下文“the human spirit can surpass physical restrictions”是一个普遍的真理。故选B。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的经历揭示了一个普遍的真理：人类精神能够超越身体的限制，这证
明了即便在最黑暗的时刻，希望和决心也能将悲剧转化为胜利。A. brightest 最明亮的；B. longest 最长的；
C. busiest 最忙的；D. darkest 最黑暗的。与tragedy 对应，应为黑暗时刻。故选D。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，她依然坚持跳舞、教学和倡导，向世界展示真正的美丽与力量源于
内心，不被人生最大的挑战所摧毁。A. opportunities 机会；B. achievements 成就；C. challenges 挑战；D.
successes 成功。根据前文“the human spirit can surpass physical restrictions, proving that even in the ... times,
hope and determination can turn tragedy into triumph.”和文章内容可知，她克服困难，所以不应被人生最大的
挑战所摧毁。故选C。
56．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她曾经说过，练习中的每一次跌倒都教会她更勇敢地站起来。A. bravely
勇敢地；B. bitterly 痛苦地；C. casually 随意地；D. secretly 秘密地。由“every fall”和“stand up”可知，是
勇敢面对。故选A。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对她来说，舞蹈不再仅仅是一种职业，而是一种生活的态度——一种表达
她对世界的爱的方式，并激励那些因不幸而感到挫败的人。A. style 风格；B. attitude 态度；C. concept 概念；
D. habit 习惯。破折号后后面的内容“a way to express her love for the world”解释为表达爱的方式，因此舞
蹈体现了她对生活的态度。故选B。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对她来说，舞蹈不再仅仅是一种职业，而是一种生活的态度——一种表
达她对世界的爱的方式，并激励那些因不幸而感到挫败的人。A. defeated 被击败的；B. motivated 被激励的；
C. praised 被赞扬的；D. affected 受影响的。由“inspire”可知，激励的是那些感到挫败的人。故选A。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她相信逆境不是惩罚，而是一个成长和成为更好自己的机会。A. reason 原
因；B. barrier 障碍；C. chance 机会；D. consequence 结果。根据“not a punishment, but ...”和“to grow and
become a better oneself”可知，是机会让一个人成长并成为更好的自己。故选C。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，廖智仍然带着微笑走上舞台，她的舞步讲述着一个希望的故事，
感动了全世界数百万人。A. astonishes 使惊讶；B. puzzles 使困惑；C. discourages 使气馁；D. touches 感动。
由上文“story of hope”可知，她的故事是感动人心的。故选D。
5. （2026· 辽宁· 一模）When 17-year-old inventor Lin Tao presented his solar-powered backpack at a youth
innovation fair, he never anticipated his design would be copied. The backpack, which 61 a foldable
solar panel to charge phones, won him first prize and also attention from an electronics company. What followed
was a two-month 62 to defend his intellectual property (IP) , a journey that taught him far more than any
textbook.
Lin’s 63 struck during a school camping trip. Frustrated by dead phone batteries, he spent six
months researching materials, often staying up late to 64 the panel’s angle to catch the most sunlight for
maximum efficiency. The groundbreaking backpack 65 a national youth innovation grant and non-profit
support, enabling Lin’s team to improve the design for mass-producing 1,000 backpacks 66 donated to a
rural African primary school. When photos of the students using the backpacks 67 social media, the
joyful feedback was their greatest 68 .
However, excitement turned to disappointment when a friend spotted an online store selling a virtually 69
backpack. Shocked and 70 , Lin gathered evidence — sketches, test videos, fair documents — and
consulted an IP lawyer. The company initially 71 the claim, arguing independent development, but Lin
insisted. He proved his unique design 72 a common overheating problem. After several 73 of
negotiations, the company apologized publicly and compensated (赔偿) him.
“IP protection isn’t just for big companies,” Lin said. “Young inventors 74 to have their ideas
safeguarded — it’s about respecting creativity itself.” “Don’t be afraid to 75 your work,” he advises.
“Your ideas are valuable, and protecting them is the first step to turn innovation into reality.”
61．A．integrated
B．decorated
C．covered
D．replaced
62．A．battle
B．tour
C．competition
D．race
63．A．insight
B．inspiration
C．ambition
D．cause
64．A．adapt
B．check
C．adjust
D．measure
65．A．demanded
B．expected
C．required
D．secured
66．A．specifically
B．randomly
C．roughly
D．effectively
67．A．attacked
B．flooded
C．rushed
D．influenced
68．A．profit
B．benefit
C．bonus
D．reward
69．A．distinct
B．distinguished
C．identical
D．intense
70．A．guilty
B．ashamed
C．angry
D．envious
71．A．doubted
B．denied
C．accepted
D．admitted
72．A．spotted
B．investigated
C．observed
D．addressed
73．A．sessions
B．routes
C．phases
D．rounds
74．A．preserve
B．deserve
C．intend
D．promise
75．A．stand up for
B．put up with
C．make up for
D．come up with
【答案】
61．A 62．A 63．B 64．C 65．D 66．A 67．B 68．D 69．C 70．C
71．B 72．D 73．D 74．B 75．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述17 岁发明家林涛在青年创新展上展示太阳能背包获奖后，其设计遭
抄袭，他经过两个月维权成功，强调了保护知识产权对年轻发明家的重要性。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这款背包集成了可折叠太阳能板，用于给手机充电，为他赢得了一等奖，
也吸引了一家电子公司的关注。A. integrated 集成；B. decorated 装饰；C. covered 覆盖；D. replaced 替换。
根据后文“a foldable solar panel to charge phones”可知，背包集成了太阳能板来充电。故选A。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：接下来是为期两个月的捍卫他知识产权的战斗，这段经历教给他的东西远
比任何教科书都多。A. battle 战斗；B. tour 旅行；C. competition 竞争；D. race 比赛。根据后文“defend his
intellectual property”可知，捍卫知识产权就像一场战斗。故选A。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：林涛的灵感来自一次学校露营旅行。A. insight 洞察力；B. inspiration 灵感；
C. ambition 抱负；D. cause 原因。根据后文“Frustrated by dead phone batteries, he spent six months
researching materials, often staying up late to _____ the panel’s angle to catch the most sunlight for maximum
efficiency.”可知，他因为露营时手机没电而研发背包可知，是这次露营旅行给他带来了灵感。故选B。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于手机电池没电而感到沮丧，他花了六个月时间研究材料，经常熬夜调
整太阳能板的角度，以捕获最多的阳光，实现最高效率。A. adapt 适应；B. check 检查；C. adjust 调整；D.
measure 测量。根据后文“the panel’s angle to catch the most sunlight”可知，是调整角度来捕获阳光。故选
C。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这款开创性的背包获得了国家青年创新资助和非营利组织的支持，使林涛
的团队能够改进设计，为大规模生产1000 个背包做准备，这些背包专门捐赠给了一所非洲农村小学。A.
demanded 要求；B. expected 期望；C. required 需要；D. secured 获得。根据后文“a national youth innovation
grant and non-profit support”可知，是获得了资助和支持。故选D。
66．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这款开创性的背包获得了国家青年创新资助和非营利组织的支持，使林涛
的团队能够改进设计，为大规模生产1000 个背包做准备，这些背包专门捐赠给了一所非洲农村小学。A.
specifically 专门地；B. randomly 随机地；C. roughly 粗略地；D. effectively 有效地。根据后文“donated to a
rural African primary school”可知，这些背包是专门捐赠给这所小学的。故选A。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当学生们使用背包的照片充斥社交媒体时，这些欢乐的反馈是他们最大的
奖励。A. attacked 攻击；B. flooded 充斥，大量涌入；C. rushed 冲；D. influenced 影响。根据前文“When
photos of the students using the backpacks”以及后文“social media”可知，这里指照片大量出现在社交媒体上，
flood 有“充斥”的意思。故选B。
68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当学生们使用背包的照片充斥社交媒体时，这些欢乐的反馈是他们最大的
奖励。A. profit 利润；B. benefit 益处；C. bonus 奖金；D. reward 奖励。根据前文“the joyful feedback”可知，
学生使用背包后的欢乐反馈对林涛他们来说是一种奖励。故选D。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当一个朋友发现一家网店在销售一款几乎一模一样的背包时，兴
奋变成了失望。A. distinct 不同的；B. distinguished 著名的；C. identical 相同的；D. intense 强烈的。根据
“a friend spotted an online store selling a virtuall”以及后面林涛维权可知，网店卖的背包和他的几乎一样。
故选C。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：震惊又愤怒的林涛收集了证据——草图、测试视频、展会文件——并咨
询了一位知识产权律师。A. guilty 内疚的；B. ashamed 羞愧的；C. angry 愤怒的；D. envious 羡慕的。根据
常识可知，自己的设计被抄袭，应该是感到愤怒。故选C。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司最初否认了这一指控，辩称是自主研发，但林涛坚持自己的主张。
A. doubted 怀疑；B. denied 否认；C. accepted 接受；D. admitted 承认。根据“arguing independent
development”可知，公司否认抄袭。故选B。
72．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了自己独特的设计解决了一个常见的过热问题。A. spotted 发现；B.
investigated 调查；C. observed 观察；D. addressed 解决。根据后文“a common overheating problem”可知，
是设计解决了过热问题。故选D。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮谈判，该公司公开道歉并对他进行了赔偿。A. sessions 会议；B.
routes 路线；C. phases 阶段；D. rounds 轮。根据后文“of negotiations, the company apologized publicly and
compensated (赔偿) him.”可知，这里指经过几轮谈判。故选D。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“知识产权保护不仅仅适用于大公司，”林涛说。“年轻发明家理应让自
己的想法得到保护——这关乎对创造力本身的尊重。”A. preserve 保护；B. deserve 应得，理应；C. intend
打算；D. promise 承诺。根据后文“it’s about respecting creativity itself.”可知，这里指年轻发明家应该得到
知识产权保护。故选B。
75．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“不要害怕为自己的作品挺身而出，”他建议道。“你的想法很有价值，
保护它们是将创新变为现实的第一步。”A. stand up for 为……挺身而出；B. put up with 忍受；C. make up
for 弥补；D. come up with 想出。根据后文“protecting them is the first step to turn innovation into reality”可知，
要为自己作品争取保护，即挺身而出。故选A。
