2024 年高三一轮名校培优筑基复习方案(北师大 2019)
（核心单词+词形转换+词汇精讲+熟词新意+写作迁移）
Unit 9 Human biology (选择性必修三) 解析版
一、重点单词分类——夯基础
(一)核心单词
[第一组]
1．justify vt. 证明……有道理，为……辩护
2．barrier n. 障碍，壁垒
3．forever adv. 永远；长久地
4．clue n. 线索，提示
5．crucial_ adj. 至关重要的，关键性的
6．bound adj. 很有可能，肯定会
7．mere_ adj. 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的
8．abuse vt. 滥用，妄用；虐待
n. 滥用；虐待
9．blessing n. 福气，幸运
10．contain_vt. 包含，容纳，装盛
11．virus n. 病毒
12．factor n. 因素，要素
13．officially adv. 官方地，正式地
14．rare_ adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的
15．widespread adj. 分布广的，广泛流传的
[第二组]
16．bury_vt. 埋葬，安葬；埋藏
17．pose_vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等)
n. (为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态
18．lung n. 肺
19．outbreak n. (战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生
20．trial n. 试验；审判，审理21．underline vt. 强调，使突出；在……之下划线
22．thorough adj. 彻底的，全面的，详尽的
23．suspect n. (犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子
24．victim n. (袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者
25．paragraph n. (文章的)段，段落
26．phenomenon n. 现象
27．needle n. 针
(二)拓展单词
[第一组]
1．capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能→capable_ adj.有能力的；有才干的
2．infer vt.推断，推定→inference n．推理；推论；推断
3．calculate vt.计算，核算→calculation n．计算；估计
4．innovate vi.& vt.革新，创新，改革→innovation n．创新，革新
5．participant n．参加者，参与者→participation n．参与；参加→participate vi.& vt.参与，
参加
6．edit vi.& vt.编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接→edition n．版本；版次→editor n．编者，编辑
7．gene n．基因→genetic adj. 遗传的，基因的
8．artificially adv.人为地，虚假地→artificial adj.人造的；仿造的；虚伪的
9．identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的→identically adv.同一地；相等地
10．comparison n．比较→compare vt.&vi.比较，对比；将……比作
11．accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accurately adv.精确地，准确地→accuracy n．精确度，
准确性
12．treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式→treat vt.治疗；对待
[第二组]
13．emotion n．强烈的情感，激情→emotional adj.情绪(上)的，情感(上)的
14．locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置→location n．位置；地点
15．variation n．变化物，变体； 差异，变动→vary vi.& vt.变化； 改变；使多样化
→variety_ n．多样化，变化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的
16．classify vt.将……分类； 把……归入一类→classification n．归类，分类，分级
17．opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物→oppose vt.反对→opposing
adj.对立的18．depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的→depression n．沮丧；忧愁→depress vt.压
抑；使沮丧；使萧条→depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的
19．estimate vt.& n．估计，估算→estimation n．估计
20．visible adj.看得见的→vision n．视力；眼力；想象力
21．steadily adv.稳定地→steady adj.稳定的
22．actual adj.实际的，真实的→actually adv.实际上；事实上
23．differ vi.不同，不一样；有异意→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同；差异
24．identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别→identification n．身份证明(文件)→identity n．
身份；同一性，一致
25．symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地→symbol n．象征；符号→symbolical adj.象征性
的
(三)阅读单词
[第一组]
1．biology n. 生物学
2．marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
3．physicist n. 物理学家
4．athletics n. 田径运动会
5．vaccine n. 疫苗
6．resilience n. 恢复力 ， 复原力 ， 适应力
7．clone vt. 克隆 ， 使无性繁殖
n. 克隆动物或植物 ， 无性繁殖的个体
8．mammal n. 哺乳动物
9．camel n. 骆驼
10．cattle n. 牛
11．goat n. 山羊
12．primate n. 灵长目动物
13．ape n. 猿
14．reproductive adj. 繁殖的 ， 生殖的
15．provoke vt. 激起 ， 引起
16．inferior adj. 低级别的 ， 下级的 ；差的 ，次的
17．atom n. 原子
18．nerve n. 神经；焦虑 ， 恐惧 ， 紧张19．organ n. 器官
20．impulse n. ( 神经 ) 冲动 ， ( 电 ) 脉冲
[第二组]
21．crossword n. 纵横字谜 ， 纵横填字游戏
22．zone n. 地区 ， 地带
23．intake n. 摄入量 ， 摄取量
24．omega n. 奥米伽 ( 希腊字母表的最后一个字母 ， 即 Ω ， ω )
25．epidemic n. 传染病 ， 流行病
26．bacteria n. 细菌
27．parallel n. ( 不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的 ) 联系 ， 相似
adj. 平行的
28．sample n. 样本 ， 样品
vt. 品尝 ， 尝试；对 …… 做抽样调查
29．CE 公元 ( 用于日期后 )
30．symptom n. 症状；征兆 ， 症候
31．systematic adj. 系统化的 ， 有条理的
32．globe n. 地球 ， 世界；地球仪
33．corresponding adj. 相应的；对应的
34．mineral n. 矿物质；矿产
35．database n. 数据库 ， 资料库
36．astronomer n. 天文学家
二、必备短语分组——抓落实
(一)汉译英
1．be_capable_of 能够
2．in_comparison_with 与……相比
3．be_devoted_to 致力于
4．be_responsible_for 对……负责
5．get_through 度过，熬过(困难时期等)
6．up_to 多达
7．get_over 克服；恢复；熬过
8．come_up_with 想到，想出
(二)英译汉9．a great deal of 大量
10．be bound to 一定会
11．be viewed as 被看作是
12．be classified as 被归类为 ……
13．in the course of 在 …… 过程中；在 …… 期间
14．result in 导致；结果是
三、经典句式默背——积佳句
(一)句型公式
1. the＋序数词＋名词＋to do
They were the_ first ever _primates(the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys，and
humans) to_have_been_cloned!
它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)!
2．while引导的让步状语从句
While_some_people_believe_it_is_crucial_for_scientific_advancement ， others raise moral
concerns.
尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。
3．insist宾语从句中的虚拟语气
Researchers insist_that_the_science_of_cloning_should_be_further_explored and advanced.
研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。
4．动词ing形式短语作结果状语
Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic,
making_it_one_of_the_main_causes_of_the_fall_of_the_Roman_Empire．
科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，这是使其成为罗马帝国衰落
的主要原因之一。
(二)单元美句
1．Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. As
Einstein said，“Science is a powerful instrument. How it is used, whether it is a blessing or a
curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument. A knife is useful, but it can
also kill.”
研究人员坚持认为克隆科学应该进一步探索和发展。正如爱因斯坦所说：“科学是一种强
大的工具。如何使用它，它对人类是福还是祸，取决于人而不是工具。刀是有用的，但它也能
杀人。”
2．Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nationsacross the globe can save lives.
各国需要共同努力做到这一点，因为全球各国之间的团队合作可以挽救生命。
四、单元知识横拓——积得多
1．含后缀“cy”的名词
①accuracy 准确；精确
②efficiency 效率；效能
③fluency 流畅；流利
④frequency 频繁；频率
⑤tendency 倾向；趋势
⑥sufficiency 充分
2．表示“能力；力量”助成功
①power n. 能力；力量；权力
②ability n. 能力
③competence n. 能力；胜任
④energy n. 精力；能源
⑤force n. 武力
⑥strength n. 力量
⑦capability n. 能力，才能
3．“介词＋the＋名词＋of”类短语聚焦
①in the course of 在……过程中；在……期间
②in the absence of 缺乏，不在，无……时
③in the act of 正在做……时
④in the case of 就……来说，至于……
⑤in the face of 在……面前，不顾
⑥in the form of 以……的形式
五、读后续写微技能——动作描写之跑、走、冲
No longer hesitating，he got off the truck and ran quickly towards the building. He
stole/slid into the building from the back door, hoping no one would notice him. However, a
security guard approached and asked politely whom he had made an appointment with. The man
dashed/rushed for the exit, and escaped in great panic. Racing home, he burst into the
bedroom. Then he started walking up and down in the room with a frown on his face.一、单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的正确形式
1．Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers(障碍) between them.
2．Body language is the key to communication, so proper gestures play a crucial (至关重要
的) role in our daily life.
3．Recently，the police have arrested a great many people related to drug abuse(滥用).
4．Some bad factors(要素) are ruining the future of film industry, so great efforts should be
made to attract more audience.
5．In sum, their efforts and dedication won widespread(广泛的) praise.
6．Failure is the mother of success, which means progress will be made only by trial(试验)
and error.
7．Judging from his nervous expression, I suspecte d (怀疑) him to be a thief.
8．Many people went to the disaster area to help the victims (受害者) as volunteers after the
earthquake happened.
9．If children were made to feel inferior to other children, their confidence would decline.
10．Unfortunately, it is not until symptoms begin that disease are generally detected.
二、单句语法填空
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．Altogether, my calculations(calculate) were based on the assumption that housing prices would
remain steady.
2．We must encourage innovation (innovate) if the company is to remain competitive.
3．① Participants(participate) will be required to recite their favourite poems to share with the
audience.
②We hold the belief that you may display your wonderful talents through this contest.Looking
forward to your participation(participate).
4．The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison (compare) with the skyscrapers in
New York.
5．①They questioned the acc uracy (accurate) of the information in the file.
②You must measure the length accurately(accurate) in order to get the accurate number.
6．Now we aim to try to help provide new treatment(treat) for these severely disabled patients.
7．Children can seek out a variety(vary) of rules in the course of learning a language.8．Currently, a campaign of garbage classification(classify) is being launched in our school.
9．Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depr ession (depress) and exhaustion.
10．Soon afterwards, the helicopter landed steadily(steady) on the ground and Tom jumped out.
三、选词填空
用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
be capable of, be viewed as，result in, come up with, be bound to
1．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key
university.
2．Too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness and loss of appetite.
3．We are capable of finishing the work efficiently with our joint efforts.
4．After looking over my plan, the manager hoped I could come up with a better and more
practical one.
5．This is viewed as the most effective way to overcome overeating.
四、经典句式仿写
1．我母亲是村子里第一个接受高等教育的妇女。(the＋序数词＋名词＋to do)
My mother is the first woman in her village to receive high education ．
2．虽然我是一名交换生，但是我精通英语，了解英国文化。(while引导的让步状语从句)
While I am an exchange student ，I have a good command of English and know about British
culture.
3．我坚持主张你应该从北京开始，而且我会带你四处看看。(insist宾语从句中的虚拟语气)
I insist that you should begin from Beijing ，and I will show you around.
4．中国已经修建了更多的公路，这让人们的出行变得更容易。(动词ing形式短语作结果状语)
More highways have been built in China， making it much easier for people to travel from one
place to another ．
Part 1 重点词汇过关
1．comparison n．比较
(1)in comparison with 与……相比
by comparison (with...) (和……)相比之下(2)compare vt. 比较，对比；把……比作
compare...with/to... 把……与……比较
compared with... 与……比较
compare...to... 把……比喻为……
beyond compare 无与伦比；举世无双
【佳句】In comparison with the past，the Internet does bring great convenience to us.
与过去相比，网络的确给我们带来了极大的便利。(应用文之网络)
练透——单句语法填空
① Compared(compare)with traditional payment, mobile payment has its advantages and
disadvantages.
②By comparison (compare), the brains of apes (类人猿) require only 8% of resttime energy.
③ When comparing (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences
without noticing many similarities.
写美——应用文写作之人物介绍
④老师经常被比作蜡烛，因为他们的奉献精神是无法比拟的。
A teacher is often compared to a candle ，and that's because their devotion to work is beyond
compare.
2．treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式
(1)under treatment 在治疗中
(2)treat n. 招待；款待
v. 对待；治疗；款待；请客
treat sb as... 把某人看作……
treat sb to sth 用……招待……，以……款待……
treat sb with... 以……方式对待某人
【佳句】I'm worried about the safety of the treatment.
我担心这种疗法是否安全。
[联想] “把……当……看待”的表达荟萃：
(1)regard...as...(2)consider...as...
(3)think of...as...(4)see...as...(5)view...as...
练透——单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷) I respect my mother so much as she never treats me as a child，but as an
equal.
②After a year and a half of treatment(treat), in August 2012, Patty was told her cancer hadspread.
③Others treat guests or friends t o tea drinking in social communication.
写美——句式升级
④If the patient was treated in a proper way，he was likely to be saved.
→ Treated in a proper way ，the patient was likely to be saved.(动词ed形式短语作状语)
3．opposed adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物
(1)be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
(2)oppose vt. 反对；抵制；阻挠
oppose (doing) sth 反对(做)某事
(3)opposing adj. 对立的
【佳句】As far as the topic is concerned, I'm opposed to scrapping English from middle school
curriculum.
就这个话题而言，我反对从中学课程中取消英语。(投稿信)
练透——单句语法填空
①Much to our amazement，all the members opposed changing(change)the plan.
②Because all of my friends were opposed t o my plan，I couldn't resist sobbing sadly.
写美——句式升级
用with复合结构对句②进行改写
③ With all of my friends opposed to my plan ，I couldn't resist sobbing sadly.(with复合结构)
4．bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
(1)埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
【佳句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
军队组织各队去挖出被困者，埋葬死者。
[联想] 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
be devoted to；be lost in；be engaged in；be absorbed in；focus/concentrate on
练透——单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying(bury)herself in the book.
②Buried (bury)in his books，he was not aware it was raining outside.
写美——读后续写之伤心
③当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
5．differ vi.不同，不一样；有异意(1)differ in 在……方面不同
differ from 与……不同
(2)difference n. 不同；差异
make a difference (to...) (对……)有影响/起作用
tell the difference between A and B分清A和B
(3)different adj. 不同的
be different from 与……不同
【佳句】There is no denying that customs differ in different countries and those of China often
reflect Chinese moral values about nature and people.
不可否认不同国家的风俗习惯不尽相同，中国的风俗习惯往往反映了中国人对自然和人的道德
价值观。
练透——单句语法填空
① It was quite different from those I saw in our city, thus immediately stimulating my
interest.
②Walking for an hour every day has made a big difference t o my health.
练透——应用文写作之倡议书
③请为我们的校园清洁和谐尽自己的一份力量。你的努力会带来很大的不同。
Please do your little bit to make our campus clean and harmonious. Your effort will really make a
big difference .
6．suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子
suspect vt.&vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任
suspect that... 怀疑……；觉得……
suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是……
【佳句】It seems that the original suspect is in the clear.
好像原先的嫌疑犯已被认定无罪。
练透——单句语法填空
①What made the assistant annoyed was that he was suspected (suspect)of stealing his money.
②Two suspects (suspect) in connection with the killing are now being questioned by the police.
写美——完成句子
③他说的话听起来很有道理，但我怀疑那是谎话。
What he said sounded reasonable，but I suspected it to be a lie ．1．pose
[对点微练]——选出pose的含义
A．v.构成，造成(威胁、问题等)
B．v.摆姿势
C．v.提出(问题)
①How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？ B
② And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and
creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before？ C
③The students were deported because they posed a threat to national security. A
2．contain vt.包含，容纳，装盛
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①I lost a file containing a lot of important documents. v t . 容纳
②(熟词生义)She could no longer contain her anger and started yelling at him. v t . 控制 ( 情绪 )
3．underline vt.强调，使突出；在……之下划线
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①The report underlines the importance of preschool education. v t . 强调
②He wrote down the title of the essay and underlined it. v t . 在 …… 之下划线
4．nerve n．神经；焦虑，恐惧，紧张
[对点微练]——赏句猜义
①(熟词生义)It takes a lot of nerve to be a bomb disposal expert. n . 勇气
②Repairing damaged nerves is a very delicate operation. n . 神经
◎主题语境培优——词汇库
1.allergic adj. [自主核对区]
2.energize vt. 1.过敏的
3.chew vi. 2.使精力充沛
4.nutritious adj. 3.咀嚼
5.upset vt. 4.有营养的
6.wellbeing n． 5.使肠胃不适；腹泻
7.skip breakfast 6.安康；健康
8.come down with 7.不吃早饭8.染(病)
9.agree with
9.(气候、食物)适合
10.immune system
10.免疫系统
Part 2 写作句式迁移
1．the＋序数词(＋n.)＋to do
[课本原句]They were the firstever primates(the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys，
and humans) to have been cloned!
它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)!
动词不定式作后置定语的几种情况：
(1)序数词、最高级以及the only，the last，the right等或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定
式作定语。
(2)抽象名词decision，ability，determination，opportunity，chance，way，ambition以及time，
place后常用动词不定式作定语。
【点津】 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面必须有必要的介词。
[写作迁移]——微写作
①最重要的是，老人是第一个品尝美食的人，因为在中国老人很受尊重。
Most importantly, the elderly are the first to taste the delicious food because they are well
respected in China.
②现在，我在学校里对自己更有信心了，抓住机会发表演讲和读书报告。
Now, I have more confidence in myself at school, jumping at the chance to give speeches and
book reports ．
2．动词ing形式短语作结果状语
[课本原句]Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic,
making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
科学家们现在估计，该地区多达50%的人口死于这种流行病，这是使其成为罗马帝国衰落的主
要原因之一。
(1)动词ing形式短语作结果状语表示意料、情理之中的结果；
(2)动词不定式还可以作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与
only，just等词连用。
[写作迁移]——微写作
①让我们携起手来，让校园更安全，创造一个和平和谐的环境。
Let's join hands to make the campus safer, creating a peaceful and harmonious environment ．
②我相信这段经历也会对你有益，使你的交换生生活更加丰富多彩。I believe the experience will also be beneficial to you, making your life as an exchange
student more colourful and rewarding ．
单句语法填空
1．(2022·全国乙卷)It is calculated(calculate) that European railways alone spend approximately 20
billion euros a year on maintenance.
2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Being emotionally(emotional) intelligent does not necessarily make one a
moral person.
3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The ability to accurately(accurate) understand how others are feeling may be
used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients.
4．(2020·江苏卷)Technological innovations (innovative), combined with good marketing, will
promote the sales of these products.
5．The researchers said their findings would help other scientists find causes and possible
treatments(treat) for the disease.
6．Marriages based on money rather than love are bound to end (end) in divorce sooner or later.
7．Much to our joy，his health is getting steadily(steady)better with time going by.
8．He resigned after being suspected of theft.
9．The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors(factor)，most of which are
beyond our control.
10．In comparison wit h the previous study, the new study expanded research subjects.
完成句子
1．(2021·天津3月卷写作)四川省位于中国的西南部。它有许多世界著名的名胜，如九寨沟和
都江堰水利工程。
Sichuan Province is located in southwestern part of China ．It enjoys many worldfamous
places of interest, such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation project.
2．雪下了一个星期，导致整个地区的交通严重混乱。
The snow lasted for a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area ．
3．那是在夏天，我爸爸想请我去度过一次前所未有的假期。
It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.
4．我们都知道，当我们需要帮助的时候，我们的朋友会伸出援助之手，帮助我们渡过难关。
As we all know，our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help and they helpus get through difficult situations ．
话题微写作
根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友汤姆(Tom)得知你校上月举办了首届校园科技节活动，发邮件向
你询问相关情况。请你回复邮件。内容包括：
1．活动的目的；
2．活动的形式，如智能校园创客(maker)大赛、科创成果展等；
3．你的感受。
Dear Tom，
I am excited to tell you that the first Science and Technology Festival was held in our
school last month, which aimed at enriching us students' school life and 1. prom oting the
students ' awareness of innovation (提高学生的创新意识).
There were a variety of activities in the festival, which included Makers on Campus,
where 2. participants could show their designs and products (参与者可以展示他们的设计和产
品), and an exhibition of the students' original inventions, designs and literary works.3. With the
enthusiastic participation and support of all the students (在全体同学的热情参与和支持下), the
activity turned out a great success. I was astonished at the schoolmates' creativity and teamwork
spirits.
I 4. do hope more activities will be held in my school (真的希望学校能举办更多的活动)
to provide us with chances to practice our critical thinking and problemsolving abilities.
Yours,
Li Hua
