专题15 过去分词
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养，研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架，构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式
考点一 过去分词的基本知识
知识解构 知识点1 过去分词的基本用法 知识点2 过去分词的否定形式 知识点3 过去分词的句法功能
考向破译 考向 考查过去分词的基本用法
考点二 过去分词作状语
知识解构 知识点1 作状语强调被动关系 知识点2 表示一种状态 知识点3 表示被动和完成 知识点4 连
词+过去分词结构
考向破译
考向01 考查过去分词作状语 考向02 考查过去分词作状语表状态 考向02 考查过去分词构成的独
立主格结构
考点三 过去分词作定语
知识解构 知识点1 单个过去分词作前置定语 知识点2 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语 知识点3 部分过
去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动
考向破译
考向01 考查单个的过去分词作定语 考向02 考查过去分词短语作定语
考点四 过去分词作宾补
知识解构 知识点1 使役动词后可用过去分词做宾语补足语 知识点2 感官动词后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语
知识点3 表示“意愿;命令”的动词后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语 知识点4 “with +宾语+过去分词”结构
中的宾补
考向破译
考向01 考查过去分词作宾补 考向02 考查“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾补
考点五 过去分词作表语
知识解构 知识点1 过去分词作表语的用法 知识点2 过去分词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别
考向破译
考向 考查过去分词作表语
考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略
知识解构 知识点 状语从句的省略中过去分词的用法
考向破译
考向 状语从句的省略中的过去分词
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026 年
2025 年
2024 年
定语
（2024 年新高考II 卷）inspired
（2024 年1 月·浙江卷）
designed
状语
（2026·全国I 卷）Drawn（2026·
天津第一次高考）known
（2024 年新高考II 卷）
表语
（2024·新高考I 卷）closed
定语
（2025·全国
I 卷）left
宾补
（2025·北京
卷）scared
考情分析
分析近年高考真题可知，高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查
非谓语的基本句法功能，考查过去分词作定语、状语居多，也涉及过去分词的其他
句法功能。同时，考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势，结合谓语动词的
时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题，难度较大。
复习目标
1.掌握过去分词的基本用法。
2.掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。
3.掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。
4.掌握with 复合结构中的过去分词的用法。
5.状语从句的省略中的过去分词的用法。
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式
考点一 过去分词的基本知识
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完
成的动作。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。动词
的-ed 形式保留动词的许多特征。
知识点2 不定式的否定形式。
否定式在过去分词前加not。
知识点3 过去分词的句法功能。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查过去分词的基本用法
1.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三联考） (compare) with Chinese festivals, which
often center around family reunion ( 团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize
celebration, reflecting a more individualistic culture.
2． (equip) with all kinds of facilities, our school is beautiful as well as modern.
3.He was just an (adopt) child, who could not afford tuition fee to finish college.
4．This type of drum dance is commonly seen (perform) during the last and first month of the lunar year
in many local festive activities, thus expressing people’s hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come.
5．Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get ________ (change) before the party.
考点二 过去分词作状语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强
调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。
①Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
②Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
1.作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
知识点2 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态
①“be+过去分词+in”类短语：be lost in 陷入, be located in 坐落在, be occupied in 专心于, be absorbed in 专
心致志于, be stuck in 被困在, be trapped in 被困在, be involved in 参与, be buried in 埋头于, be dressed in
穿着…
②“be+过去分词+with”类短语：be satisfied with 对…… 满意, be equipped with 配备有, be loaded with 装
载着, be burdened with 负担着, be faced with 面临着…
③“be+过去分词+to”类短语：be accustomed to 习惯于, be addicted to 沉迷于, be devoted/committed to 致
力于, be exposed to 暴露于, be used to 习惯余…
④“be+过去分词+of”类短语：be tired of(对……厌烦)
例1 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
例2 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
知识点3 过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成
Film has a much shorter history, especially when __________（compare）to such art forms as music and painting.
知识点4 带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be 的相应变化形式。
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。
1.选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主
语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
2. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过
去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者
前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查过去分词作状语
1． (face) with severe environmental pressure, the government took effective measures immediately.
2． (limit) to doing low-paid part-time jobs, he still worked hard and tried his best to support his whole
family.
3． (locate) in the southeast of Dunhuang city, the Mogao Grottoes are the world’s largest and longest
used treasure house of Buddhism.
4． (decorate) with colorful lights, the classroom was full of a joyful atmosphere.
5． (adopt) by a kind couple when she was a baby, the girl has grown up in a warm and loving family.
考向二 考查过去分词作状语表状态
1． (excite) by the good news, he couldn’t fall asleep that night.
2． (lose) in deep thought, the girl standing by the window failed to notice that her teacher had entered
the classroom.
3． (bury) in the research on ancient poems, she didn’t notice that it was already dark outside.
考向三 考查过去分词构成的独立主格结构
1．When the fire alarm went off, people rushed toward the exits, their faces (panic) with fear.
2．Curious looks (exchange), everyone wondered how it could happen in a locked lab.
3．The problem (solve), we felt a great sense of relief.
思维建模
✅技巧1：寻找到谓语，确定所填空是否为非谓语。
✅技巧2：判断非谓语动词所作的成分。
✅技巧3：若与逻辑主语是是被动关系，用过去分词。
✅技巧4：当逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，保留主语构成独立主格结构。
考点三 过去分词作定语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作，单个过去分词作前置定语。
1．Even (bottle) water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics
than originally thought.
2．The (decorate) street looks more beautiful with red lanterns hanging on both sides during the
Spring Festival.
3．The expectation that gold prices will continue rising remains a possibility, not an (establish) fact.
知识点2 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
1．The good news (announce) by our head teacher makes all the students in our class very excited.
2．The books (donate) by the students were sent to children in poor mountain areas.
3．The historical novel, (base) on the legend of an ancient poet, has become a bestseller in local
bookstores..
知识点3 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf:
倒下的树/落叶
the risen sun/moon:
升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose:
凋谢的玫瑰花
a retired worker:
退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯
a returned student: 归国留学生
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查单个的过去分词作定语
1．It took a long time for Judy to design the work, but the (finish) product was worth it.
2．The (break) window was repaired by the maintenance worker this morning, ensuring the classroom is
safe for students.
考向二 考查过去分词短语作定语
1．My hometown, (surround) by lucid waters and lush mountains, is very fascinating.
2．The platform, (intend) for research teams and general users, provides a development environment
for robots to perform tasks and adapt through constant learning.
3．Only those (equip) with strong will and determination can achieve their dreams
思维建模
✅技巧1：判断被修饰词与动词的关系，如果是被动关系用过去分词作定语。
✅技巧2：不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表状态，不表被动。例：a fallen leaf
✅技巧3：过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。
考点四 过去分词作宾补
知●识●解●构
知识点1 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep 等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
知识点2 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find 等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
1. 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，
试比较(以see 为例)：
① I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动，完成)
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
② I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进行)
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
③ To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动，
无时间性)
为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。
易错点：2 使役动词＋宾语＋宾补
知识点3 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order 等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，
相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
知识点4 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with 的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾
语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查过去分词作宾补
1．I’m honored to have my voice (hear) to make a difference in the lives of those little birds that
share our city.
2．The traffic jams we are looking forward to seeing (solve) should have attracted the government’s
attention.
3．The first time he went to London, he managed to make himself (understand) with his broken
English.
4．With just a few clicks, you can have food (deliver) to you without leaving home.
5．The wallet stolen several days ago was found (hide) in the dustbin outside the building.
考向二 考查“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾补
1．The 2021 list of Best Tourism Villages was released at the 24th General Assembly of the World Tourism
Organization, with Yucun (list) among the 44 outstanding villages.
2．He stood at the door with his arms (fold), waiting for his sister to finish her homework.
3．With her mind (focus) on the upcoming performance, she practiced the dance moves repeatedly.
4．With the plan carefully and all details checked, the team was ready to carry it out immediately. (polish)
5．The street looks beautiful with all the trees (decorate).
6．All the afternoon he worked with the door (lock) so that he wouldn't be disturbed.
考点五 过去分词作表语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作表语：
过去分词作表语时，它们大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语
所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情。
She is interested in the story.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
Her voice sounded excited.
她的声音听起来很兴奋。
知识点2 过去分词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系，其过去
分词含有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉”。
现在分词
主动意义
过去分词
被动意义
exciting
令人兴奋的，激动人心
的
excited
兴奋的，激动的
frightening
吓人的
frightened
受惊吓的
disappointing
令人失望的
disappointed
感到失望的，失望的
pleasing
令人高兴的
pleased
高兴的，满意的
satisfying
令人满意的
satisfied
感到满意的
surprising
令人惊讶的
surprised
感到惊讶的
moving
令人感动的
moved
受感动的，感动的
interesting
有趣的
interested
感兴趣的
amusing
有趣的，给人娱乐的
amused
感到有意思的
puzzling
令人迷惑不解的
puzzled
感到困惑不解的
encouraging
令人鼓舞的
encouraged
受到鼓舞的
tiring
令人厌倦的/劳累的
tired
感到疲倦的
convincing
令人信服的
convinced
感到信服的
考●向●破●译
考向 考查过去分词作表语
1．It’s important to get (prepare) not just for success but also for possible failures.
2．Getting increasingly (absorb) in the novel, he didn’t realize it was midnight.
3．Look!The student seated in the corner of the classroom is (bury) in a novel while the teacher is
giving a lesson.
4．The park lay in sunshine, its lush green lawns glistening with dew as if adorned with a million tiny
diamonds.(bathe)
5．The students were (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in
person.
6．Encouraged by a famous dancer, the little girl is (determine) to do what she is interested in.
考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略
知●识●解●构
知识点 状语从句含有it is 或者主从句主语一致且含有be 动词时，省略主语和be 动词。如果用
“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强
调二者之间被动关系。
before 和after 后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查状语从句的省略中的过去分词
1．Once (consider) just a children’s toy, this craft has now evolved into a major social currency among
teenagers in China.
2．When (ask) about her favorite hobby, she mentioned reading novels in her free time.
3．Although (award) many honors, she still keeps a humble mind and works hard.
4．Certain chemicals in the lab can cause long-term health problems if (breathe) in.
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. （2026·全国I 卷）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and
entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 (draw) by the aroma
(香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands which serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup.
2.（2026·天津第一次高考改编）8.Chinese culture is spreading widely, ______（know）as Hanfu around the
world.
3.（2025 全国二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to
sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
4.（2025 北京卷）When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he
might have someone (scare).
5.（2025 八省联考卷）At the same time, a language and its individual (write) forms make up the
“soul” of a national tradition.
6.（2024 新课标II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
was
built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
7.（2024 浙江1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
__________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
8.（2024 新课标I 卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In
cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants.
