【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
文体分类练(三) 说明文之新发明/新产品类
Passage 1 (2024 宁夏银川二模)
主题:发明创造 词数:324 难度:★★★☆☆
3M and Discovery Education announced Sean Jiang from Gilman School as one of the
top ten finalists from across the nation for the 2023 3M Young Scientist Challenge.It’s a
competition that encourages students to identify an everyday problem and submit a video
showing the science behind the solution he or she came up with.
14-year-old Jiang decided to help those who can’t see.Blind people had a hard time
navigating (导航) objects that are medium to far range.So Jiang wanted to design something
to give them a heads-up on obstacles that may be incoming.
Jiang’s inspiration came from the powers of the hearing system.“I learned in school that
bats and whales are able to use echolocation(回声定位) to help them navigate and just use
their sense of hearing and I also saw on YouTube some very skilled blind people that use
echolocation to help them walk,” said Jiang.
Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality.His creation uses a
depth camera that can detect how close objects are,thus giving enough time to dodge the
obstacles.When a blind is walking with the device,the sensor of the depth camera gathers the
information regarding the obstacles’ position and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn
the distance data into musical sound guidance.This could significantly increase the walking
speed of a blind person as well as decrease the number of obstacles they hit.
Some other similar programs were alright at finding objects that were in close range,but
Jiang still wanted the blind to experience the world even fuller so they were able to see stuff
that was much further away than their circle of reach.
In October,the top ten finalists will compete in person in Minneapolis for the title of
“America’s Top Young Scientist” and a $25,000 prize.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一个青少年Sean Jiang 的发明创
造,他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。
1.What can we learn about Jiang from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was the champion of the 2023 3M event.
B.He invented technology to remove road obstacles.
C.He sought to assist the blind in walking smoothly.
D.He developed a new navigation app for his school.
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【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Jiang 设法帮助盲人顺利行走。
2.Why did Jiang mention “echolocation”?
A.To show the development of technology.
B.To present the difficulties the blind face.
C.To stress the significance of hearing.
D.To explain the inspiration of his invention.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Jiang 提到“回声定位”是为了解释他的发明灵感。
3.What does the underlined word “dodge” mean in paragraph 4?
A.Avoid.
B.Encounter.
C.Challenge.
D.Remove.
答案 A
解析 词句猜测题。画线词下文“When a blind is walking with the device,the sensor of the
depth camera gathers the information regarding the obstacles’ position and distance.Then the
AI system in it will turn the distance data into musical sound guidance.This could
significantly increase the walking speed of a blind person as well as decrease the number of
obstacles they hit.”说明该设备能够帮助盲人避开障碍物,从而推知画线词意思是“避
开”。
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.3M facilities intended for the blind.
B.A teen using sound to help the blind.
C.An invention to cure vision problems.
D.A competition to improve the blind’s life.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了一个青少年Sean Jiang 的发明创造,
他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。
Passage 2
(2024 广东湛江二模)
主题:机器人传感器 词数:357
难度:★★★☆☆
Researchers have developed a robotic sensor that combines artificial intelligence
techniques to read Braille (盲文) at speeds roughly double that of most human readers.The
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
research team,from the University of Cambridge,used machine learning algorithms (算法) to
teach a robotic sensor to quickly slide over lines of Braille text.
The robotic sensor the researchers used has a camera in its “fingertip”,and reads by
using a combination of the information from the camera and the sensors.“This is a hard
problem for roboticists as there’s a lot of image processing that needs to be done to remove
motion blur(模糊),which is time-and energy-consuming,” said Parth Potdar from
Cambridge’s Department of Engineering.
“There are existing robotic Braille readers,but they only read one letter at a time,which
is not how humans read,” said Potdar.“Existing robotic Braille readers work in a static
way:They touch one letter pattern,read it,pull up from the surface,move over,lower onto the
next letter pattern,and so on.We want something that’s more realistic and far more efficient.”
The team developed machine learning algorithms so the robotic reader would be able to
“deblur” the images before the sensor attempted to recognise the letters.They trained the
algorithms on a set of sharp images of Braille with fake blur applied.After the algorithms had
learned to deblur the letters,they used a computer vision model to detect and classify each
character.
Once the algorithms were incorporated,the researchers tested their reader by sliding it
quickly along rows of Braille characters.The robotic Braille reader could read 315 words per
minute with 87% accuracy,which is twice as fast and about as accurate as human Braille
reader.
“Braille reading speed is a great way to measure the dynamic performance of tactile(能
触知的) sensing systems,so our findings could be applicable beyond Braille,for applications
like detecting surface textures or slippage in robotic manipulation,” said Potdar.
In the future,the researchers are hoping to scale the technology to the size of a humanoid
hand.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。剑桥大学的研究团队开发了一种机器人传感器,该传
感器结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。
5.What is difficult for roboticists to deal with in the reading process?
A.Ridding of motion blur.
B.Teaching a robot to learn.
C.Processing robotic sensors.
D.Fixing a camera on the fingertip.
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘This is a hard problem for roboticists as
there’s a lot of image processing that needs to be done to remove motion blur,which is time-
and energy-consuming,’ said Parth Potdar from Cambridge’s Department of Engineering.”可
知,机器人专家在阅读过程中很难消除动态模糊。
6.What does the underlined word “static” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Still.
B.Fast.
C.Clever.
D.Lazy.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“‘There are existing robotic Braille readers,but they
only read one letter at a time,which is not how humans read,’ said Potdar.”以及画线词下文
“They touch one letter pattern,read it,pull up from the surface,move over,lower onto the
next letter pattern,and so on.”可知,现有的机器人盲文阅读器是以静态的方式工作的。
7.What did Potdar want to express in paragraph 6?
A.The good performance of the robot sensor.
B.The promising future of their research results.
C.The factors in making the tactile sensing systems.
D.The way to ensure the accuracy of the technology.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知,他们的研究结果可以应用到其他方面。由此
可推断,该研究结果是有前景的。
8.Which can be the best title for the text?
A.Technology to be scaled to the size of a humanoid hand
B.Robots trained to read Braille at twice the speed of humans
C.A great way to measure the performance of sensing systems
D.Machine learning algorithms expected to change Braille writing
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了剑桥大学研究团队开发的机器人传感器,该传感器
结合了人工智能技术,能以近似人类读者两倍的速度读取盲文。B 项“Robots trained to
read Braille at twice the speed of humans (机器人被训练以两倍于人类的速度阅读盲文)”
最能概括本文主旨。
Passage 3(2024 湖南张家界二模)
主题:预测阅读困难的新工具 词数:306
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
【www.xue-ba.org 12 年学霸网】
难度:★★★☆☆
A study expands positive evidence for a new screening tool that directly engages
preschool children during clinic visits to assess their early literacy skills.The tool,called The
Reading House (TRH),is the first of its kind.It has the potential to identify reading difficulties
as early as possible,according to researchers at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical
Center.
TRH is an assessment developed by John Hutton and his team for kids aged from 3 to
5.Screening takes just about five minutes and assesses performance levels for kids aged from
3 to 5.It addresses a significant gap in ways to screen early literacy skills efficiently and
directly.The tool,which is fun for kids,could be used in places like primary care or preschool
settings.The screening measures core skills typically appearing in the preschool age
range,including vocabulary,rhyming,alphabet knowledge and print concepts.All are skills
predictive of reading success and often associated with reading difficulties.
The study involved 70 healthy children—34 boys and 36 girls—between 3 and 5 years
old from various socioeconomic background.The children completed standardized tests of
important literacy skills:vocabulary,rhyming arid rapid automatized naming.Fifty-two of
these children also successfully completed MRI (磁共振成像),including the measurement of
the gray matter surface of their brains.The thicker cortex (皮质),particularly in left-sided
areas supporting language and reading,has been associated with higher skills that are
predictive of reading outcomes.
Many children arrive at kindergarten unprepared to learn to read,especially those from
minorities and economically poor backgrounds—estimated at over 50% of children from
disadvantaged backgrounds in the U.S.and over 25% overall.“By screening early during
clinic visits,we can target effective interventions that help these children better prepare for
kindergarten and improve reading outcomes—literally,snapping their brains to read,” said
Hutton.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些研究人员研发出了一个新的工
具,可以帮助预测3—5 岁的小孩是否会有阅读困难。
9.What might be the purpose of creating TRH?
A.To identify the best reading apps for kids.
B.To develop preschool kids’ literacy skills.
C.To discover kids’ reading problems early.
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D.To study key factors in kids’ development.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The tool,called The Reading House (TRH),is the first
of its kind.It has the potential to identify reading difficulties as early as possible,according to
researchers at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.”可知,该工具可以确认学龄前
儿童是否会有阅读困难。
10.What can we know about the new screening tool?
A.It lacks reliability.
B.It has operational advantages.
C.It covers a wider target group.
D.It’s modelled after conventional tools.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Screening takes just about five minutes and assesses
performance levels for kids aged from 3 to 5.It addresses a significant gap in ways to screen
early literacy skills efficiently and directly.”可推知,该工具有操作方面的优势——可操作
性强。
11.Which participants may be more capable of reading?
A.Older children from minority groups.
B.Younger children from economically advanced areas.
C.Children with complex cortical patterns in their brains.
D.Children with the thicker cortex in the left-sided areas of their brains.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The thicker cortex,particularly in left-sided areas
supporting language and reading,has been associated with higher skills that are predictive of
reading outcomes.”可知,左边大脑皮质层较厚的孩子会有较强的阅读能力。
12.What attitude does Hutton have to TRH?
A.Doubtful.
B.Favorable.
C.Uncertain.
D.Conservative.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Hutton 认为该工具能帮助改善来自贫穷家
庭孩子的阅读,因此他是满怀希望的。
