专题 01 冲突构思大法（原卷版）
如何通过矛盾设计来写好作文？
第一，矛盾冲突包括两种主要形式：一是外部冲突，包括人与人、人与周围环境的矛盾；二是内部冲
突，指的是特定环境下人物自身的矛盾。
第二，如何设计矛盾冲突？从大的方向上说，它包括三个方面：人与人、人与周围环境、人物内心。
从内容方面来说，这种矛盾冲突，是现实生活里由于人们的立场、观点、思想感情、理想愿望的不同
而产生的矛盾斗争，是人们的主观与客观、正确与错误、先进与落后等种种矛盾斗争的反映。
在构思作文时，一般都会想到哪些矛盾冲突呢？
从立意的角度来说，矛盾冲突要指向人们的价值取向。比如生与死、是与非、成与败、诚与伪、忠与奸、
善与恶、荣与辱、得与失、乐与苦、爱与恨、兴与衰、小我与大我、主观与客观……这是需要我们在写作
之前想清楚的。
例子：下面这篇文章大意：感恩节到了, 我继续和往年一样, 这一天会开车送礼物如食物给穷人。但是
有一年, 我和妻子呆在纽约的旅馆里, 不能回家团圆, 我告诉妻子我的往年的做法, 妻子非常开心。
但我们需要货车（van）才能购物。于是我们准备在街头上拦一辆车, 妻子同意了。
文章凭什么吸引阅卷者的眼光，拿到高分的？一句话：矛盾设计精巧。
首先，是人与周围环境的矛盾。环境的恶劣：chilly wind,我们却在拦车，突出艰难。
（插一句：环境的描写，可以力求一个渐变的技巧，譬如在小说I survive里有一句：The wind moaned
at first. Then it started to howl, and finally it was shrieking so loudly Dad had to turn up
the TV.）
其次，是人与人的矛盾。纽约的街头，无人同情我们，更无人对我们道一声辛苦，大家似乎什么也没有看
到。但最后我们还是看到了热心人，并且和我们一起去帮助他人。
最后，是人的内心冲突。从开始的充满希望到绝望：“Who can we turn to?” my wife murmured with
a fierce frown…we found ourselves on the verge(边缘) of giving up到重新充满期待：
The nearly-extinguished（快要熄灭的）sparks of hope were instantly rekindled（点燃）最后想说的是：虽然读后续写无非就是简单的故事讲述，但是我们还是可以融入一点人文主义情怀，这就
是美学价值了。我在文章中用到了：However, they came, they saw and they sped up, only to leave
ash and dirt dancing in the air. 和It was the worst of times, but it was also the best of
times. 当然这不是必须的，而是看平时的积累和那么一点点文学灵感的因素。
就为我们平时备考提供了线索。下面我来说说，其中各个冲突并非孤立的，而是相互交织，解决方法也是
如此：
Conflict and Emotion：三冲突
Danger系列 和危险的动物 害怕、紧张：
和危险的环境 Scared, nervous
和危险的人
Quarrel系列 误解 失望、伤心、后悔、生
气、困惑、害羞和尴
背叛
尬：
观念、性格、兴趣不一 Disappointed, sad,
shy, embarrassed,
伤害（自尊、信任等）
regret, angry,
confused
Frustration系列 第一类：贫困、残疾、孤独（poor, 同情和伤心：
disabled, loneliness）等
Sympathetic, sad
第二类：失败、骄傲或自卑（failure, not
confident / too proud）等
解决途径基本是：
1.encouragement(某人的鼓励的话）
2.comfort（某人的安慰）
3.inspiration(突然灵机一动）
4.effort(自己的努力训练）
5.calm（冷静思考）
6.kindness(某人的善良）
7.courage（勇敢做起来）
8.love（爱心，不过这个需要和move，patience结合，爱只是底子，还需要感化和耐心等待）
9.help（准确说是及时帮助）
Solution and Emotion：四途径他人 譬如：善心和爱（love, 情节中：
kindness），及时援助，安慰
1.镇定（calm）
和鼓励，陪伴等
2.鼓舞（encouraged）
他物 譬如：河流，太阳等
3.不悦（dissatisfied）
自己 譬如：effort, inspiration
结尾：
自然 突出和谐，时间与成长
1. 欣慰、欢喜
（relieved, happy）
2. 感动、感恩（moved, grateful）
3. 希望、信心（hopeful, confident）
这样划分后，我们就比较方便去针对性进行训练。下面且以高考真题为例进行说明：
卷别 Conflict Solution
2020.7 拍摄北极熊遇险（浙江） 借助他物和他人：用辣椒喷雾器（文章有提示）暂退
熊，然后救援队及时援助
情绪变化：害怕熊到暂时镇定，到脱险后的欢喜
卖爆米花方法救助穷人（山东） 借助他物和他人：一家决定和被救助孩子卖爆米花，路
人纷纷购买
情绪变化：开始的同情到最后的开心与感恩
2020.1 大学生和宠物狗的离别 借助他物：父母买来小狗，孩子回家后，看到两只狗彼
此陪伴和陪伴父母，明白道理
情绪变化：难过到欣慰
2018.6 父子骑马迷路 借助他人他物：先父亲安慰我，然后我们看到小河后寻
路回家
情绪变化：害怕到镇定，最后到开心
2017.11 家庭旅游为野营争执 借助他物：用自己带的帐篷来野营露宿
情绪变化：不解困惑到最后开心
2017.6 骑车游玩遇狼脱险 借助他人他物：用辣椒喷雾器（文章有提示）暂退狼，
然后路人甲及时援助
情绪变化：害怕到喜出望外，到害怕，最后开心
2016.10 夫妇森林旅游争执，女主人迷路 借助他人他物：想起丈夫曾经的爱后悔，找到一个地方
先睡下，第二天跟着河水来到空地，救援队及时赶到
情绪变化：害怕 –》后悔—》开心
模拟训练 01
读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。John Blanchard stood up, straightened his army uniform(制服), and studied the crowd making their
way through the station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he had never seen,
the girl with a rose.
His interest in her began thirteen months ago in a library. Taking a book off the shelf, he found
himself fascinated, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin (页边的空
白). The soft handwriting showed a thoughtful soul and brilliant mind. In the front of the book, he
discovered the owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he found her address. She lived
in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond (通信). The
next day he was shipped overseas for military service.
During the next year and one month, the two begun to know each other by mail. Each letter was a
seed falling on both hearts. A romance was budding. Blanchard asked for a photograph, but she refused.
She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like.
When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting — 7 pm
at the Grand Central Station in New York. “You'll recognize me，” she wrote. “By the red rose I'll wear
my dress.” So at 7：00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whose face he'd
never seen.
A young lady was coming toward him. Her figure was long and slim; her blonde hair lay back from
her ears; her eyes were blue as flowers; her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green
suit she was like springtime coming alive. He went toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was
not wearing a rose. As he moved, a middle aged woman whispered, “Going my way, Sir？”
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Almost uncontrollably he made his way to the woman,
and then he noticed that she was wearing a red rose.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The woman's face broadened into a big smile.______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译小练习：
1. 约翰·布兰查德看到这个40多岁的女人很失望。
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______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 没错，她就是他等的那个女孩。
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3. 尽管他想跟着那位年轻的女士，他还是停下来，朝那位女士走去，向她打招呼，并拿出他在图书馆
里找到的那本书。
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4. “我是约翰·布兰查德，你一定是霍利斯·梅内尔小姐。我非常高兴你能见到我，我可以请你吃饭
吗？”
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5. “我不知道这是怎么回事，”她回答说，“但是刚才路过的那个穿着淡绿色西装的年轻女士求我把
红玫瑰戴在我的外套上。
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6. 她说如果你要请我吃饭，我应该告诉你她在街对面的餐厅等你。她说这是个考验！”
______________________________________________________________________________________
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模拟训练 02
读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood. Their mother
was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to
buy food. As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks.One day, Ali took Zahra’s shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home.
It wasn’t until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes. He was afraid that his parents would be
angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret. Zahra agreed and the two decided to
share Ali’s running shoes. Zahra’s school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first. After
school, she would rush back and give them to Ali. He could then run to his school, which began in the
afternoon. Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school.
Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city. When he learned that the
third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part. He ran home excitedly and promised his
sister that he would win her the new shoes.
The day of race arrived. Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired
and his legs began to ache. Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to
her. Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind
the two fastest runners, determined to finish third. Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner
collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly.
______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译小练习：
1. 在这一点上他拒绝放弃，他跳起来，尽可能快地跑。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________2. 他冲过终点线，得了四等奖。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. 想到他会让她妹妹失望，阿里忍不住抽泣起来。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 就在这时，他突然听到广播里宣布他获得了三等奖，因为与阿里相撞的赛跑者因违反规定被取消资
格。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. 在颁奖典礼上把鞋放在胸前，阿里感到欣喜若狂，如释重负因为他最终为妹妹赢得了这双鞋。
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______________________________________________________________________________________
6. 他迫不及待地想见到他的妹妹并分享这个令人激动的消息。
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7. 到达时，阿里发现萨拉在外面等着。
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______________________________________________________________________________________
8. 她真的很紧张她哥哥是否给她带来了她想要的东西。
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9. “萨拉，看看我给你带来了什么。”他用颤抖的双手从包里拿出奖品。
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______________________________________________________________________________________
10. 萨拉一看到鞋子，脸上就喜形于色。
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______________________________________________________________________________________
11. 她激动得向阿里扑了过去。 “谢谢你！”当兄妹紧紧拥抱在一起时，他们的眼睛里涌出喜悦的泪
水。
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