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高考英语时态 — 现在完成进行时态（原卷版）
高考考情解读
题型考查分布
在新高考与全国卷体系中，现在完成进行时态是时态类核心考点之一，虽考查频率略
低于现在完成时，但属于“语境辨时态”的高频难点，贯穿全题型，侧重考查语境运用能
力。
语法填空：常考查现在完成进行时的基本结构（have/has been doing）、时态混搭辨析
（与现在完成时、一般过去时、现在进行时），多结合语境提示“动作持续”，每套试卷
考查0–1 空，难度中等。
阅读理解：现在完成进行时多用于强调“动作从过去开始，持续到现在且仍在进
行”，常出现在记叙文、说明文的场景描述中，直接影响长难句理解和语境逻辑判断（如
判断动作是否仍在持续）。
书面表达：读后续写中高频使用，可用于描述持续进行的动作、衔接场景（如“他一
直在等我，眼睛紧紧盯着门口”），增强叙事的连贯性和画面感；应用文（如日记、书
信）中可用于描述近期持续进行的动作，贴合“当下仍在发生”的语境，提升句式丰富
度。
核心考点与高频易错点
核心考点
1. 现在完成进行时的基础结构、人称搭配及句式转换（肯定、否定、疑问）；
2. 现在完成进行时的时间标志词及核心用法（侧重“动作持续过程”）；
3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的高频辨析（高考核心难点）；
4. 现在完成进行时与一般过去时、现在进行时的语境区分；
5. 不可用于现在完成进行时的动词（状态动词、瞬间动词）及特殊情况。
高频易错点
1. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时混淆（动作持续过程vs 动作结果/完成状态）；
2. 结构残缺：漏写have/has 或been，误写为“have/has doing”（核心丢分点）；
3. 现在分词变形错误（如write→writeing、stop→stoping）；
4. 状态动词（如like、have、belong to）误用在现在完成进行时中；
5. 时间标志词搭配错误（如将具体过去时间与现在完成进行时连用）。
高考命题趋势分析
1. 命题语境化、场景化明显，不再单独考查结构记忆，依托语篇（多为记叙文、说明文）
判断“动作是否从过去持续到现在且仍在进行”，侧重“过程感”的语境捕捉。
2. 侧重与现在完成时的混搭考查，这是高考难点——题目不直接给出时态提示，需通过语
境判断“强调过程”还是“强调结果”，弱化单一时态考查。
3. 语法填空、短文改错中，常结合“for+时间段”“since+从句”等标志词设题，陷阱在
于“瞬间动词不可用于该时态”“状态动词不可用于进行时”。
4. 书面表达中，侧重考查该时态在叙事中的衔接作用，鼓励用其丰富句式，避免单纯使用
一般过去时、现在进行时，贴合“真实语境表达”的命题导向。
现在完成进行时态核心精讲
一、基本结构（仅主动语态，高考不考查被动语态）
1. 核心结构：主语 + have/has + been + 动词现在分词（doing）
2. 人称搭配：
I/We/You/They/复数名词/不可数名词 → have + been + doing
He/She/It/单数名词 → has + been + doing
3. 否定式：主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词现在分词；
缩写形式：have not→haven’t，has not→hasn’t
4. 疑问式：
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词现在分词？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 动词现在分词？
二、时间标志词（高频必考）
现在完成进行时的标志词，核心是“体现动作持续的过程”，多表示“从过去开始，持续
到现在，且动作仍在进行”，高频标志词如下：
for + 时间段（for 2 hours、for a long time）、since + 过去时间点/过去从句（since
2021、since I came to school、since he started working）、recently（最近）、lately（近
来）、all the time（一直）、these days（这些天）、throughout the years（这些年来）、
over the past few months（在过去几个月里）。
注意：部分标志词（如recently、for+时间段）与现在完成时通用，需结合语境判断“强调
过程”还是“强调结果”。
三、核心用法（结合高考语境）
1. 表示从过去开始，持续到现在，且动作仍在进行（高考最高频用法），侧重动作的“持
续过程”，常搭配for/since、all the time 等标志词。
例句1（基础）：I have been studying for 3 hours.（我已经学习了3 小时了——现在还在
学）
例句2（高考真题改编）：She has been working in this company since she graduated
from college.（她大学毕业以来一直在这家公司工作——现在仍在这家公司）
2. 表示从过去开始，持续到现在，动作刚结束，但仍能感受到动作的影响或痕迹（侧重
“刚结束的持续过程”），常搭配recently、lately 等标志词。
例句1（基础）：He is tired because he has been running.（他很累，因为他刚一直在跑步
——跑步刚结束，疲惫感还在）
例句2（高考真题改编）：I have been cleaning the room all morning, so my hands are
dirty.（我一早上都在打扫房间——刚打扫完，手上还脏着）
3. 表示过去某一时间段内，反复发生的动作（侧重动作的频率和持续性，带有“不耐烦、
持续不断”的情感色彩），常搭配all the time、often 等词。
例句1（基础）：He has been asking me the same question all day.（他一整天都在问我
同一个问题——反复问，略带不耐烦）
例句2（高考真题改编）：The phone has been ringing all morning, but no one answers
it.（电话一早上都在响——反复响，持续不断）
四、特殊考点（高考易错点）
1. 不可用于现在完成进行时的动词（核心易错点）：
状态动词（无动作，表状态）不能用于进行时，因此也不可用于现在完成进行时，常见词
分为3 类：
① 感官动词：see、hear、smell、taste、feel（表“感觉”时）；
② 情感动词：like、love、hate、want、wish、prefer；
③ 存在/归属动词：be、exist、belong to、have（表“拥有”时）、own。
例句（正确）：I have liked English since I was young.（用现在完成时，表持续状态）
例句（错误）：I have been liking English since I was young.（like 是状态动词，不可用
于进行时）
2. 瞬间动词（come、go、leave、buy、die 等）不可用于现在完成进行时表“持续”，因
瞬间动词无“持续过程”，仅能表示“一次性动作”，若需表持续，需转化为延续性动词
（同现在完成时）。
例句（错误）：He has been leaving for 3 days.（leave 是瞬间动词，无持续过程）
例句（正确）：He has been away for 3 days.（away 为延续性状态，用现在完成时表持
续）
3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的核心区别（高考核心难点，必考点）：
① 现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）：侧重动作的持续过程，不管动作是否完成，
重点描述“一直在做”；常与all the time、recently 搭配，主语多为人（表主动持续的动
作）。
② 现在完成时（have/has done）：侧重动作的结果或完成状态，动作可能已结束，也可能
持续；常与already、yet、so far 搭配，主语可为人或物。
例句对比（高考高频语境）：
a. He has read this book.（现在完成时，侧重“读完了”，结果）
b. He has been reading this book for 2 hours.（现在完成进行时，侧重“读了2 小时”，
过程仍在继续）
c. The window has been broken.（现在完成时被动，侧重“窗户被打破了”，结果）
d. She has been breaking the window.（现在完成进行时，侧重“她一直在砸窗户”，过
程，极少用被动）
4. 现在完成进行时与现在进行时的区别：
① 现在进行时（am/is/are doing）：侧重“此时此刻正在做”，动作持续时间短，无“过
去开始”的含义；
② 现在完成进行时：侧重“从过去开始，持续到现在（或刚结束）”，动作持续时间长，
有“过去到现在”的时间跨度。
例句对比：
a. He is reading a book now.（现在进行时，此时此刻在读书）
b. He has been reading a book since 2 o’clock.（现在完成进行时，从2 点开始读到现
在，持续了一段时间）
五、必考易错点 + 高频丢分点总结
1、结构类易错（基础丢分重灾区）
- 漏写been：核心错误，误写为“have/has doing”
错：He has working for 2 hours.（缺been）
对：He has been working for 2 hours.
- 现在分词变形错误：
规则变形易错：以e 结尾去e 加-ing（write→writing，不写writeing）；重读闭音节双写尾
辅音加-ing （stop→stopping ，不写stoping ）；以“ 辅音+y” 结尾，直接加-ing
（study→studying，不变y 为i）。
易错对比：do→doing（正确） vs done（过去分词，错误）；run→running（正确） vs
run（原形/过去分词，错误）。
- 否定句、疑问句结构错误：
错：He not has been working. / Has been he working?
对：He hasn’t been working. / Has he been working?
2、语境搭配类易错（高考难点）
- 具体过去时间（yesterday、last week、in 2023）不可与现在完成进行时连用，因该时态
强调“过去到现在的持续”，与具体过去时间矛盾。
错：He has been working yesterday.
对：He was working yesterday.（一般过去进行时） / He has been working recently.（现
在完成进行时）
- 状态动词误用在现在完成进行时中（高频陷阱）
错：They have been belonging to this group for 5 years.
对：They have belonged to this group for 5 years.（现在完成时）
- 混淆“现在完成进行时”与“现在完成时”的语境
错：The work has been finishing.（想表达“工作已完成”，却用了进行时，侧重过程）
对：The work has been finished.（现在完成时被动，侧重结果）
3、特殊场景易错
- since 从句的时态：同现在完成时，since 从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成进行时。
错：He has been living here since he has come to this city.
对：He has been living here since he came to this city.
- for+时间段的搭配：即使动作刚结束，只要是“从过去持续到现在”，仍可用现在完成
进行时。
例：She has been cooking for an hour, and now she is resting.（做饭刚结束，仍用现在
完成进行时表持续过程）
六、现在完成进行时万能做题步骤
1. 判时态：看到这些标志/语境 → 锁定现在完成进行时
标志词：for+时间段、since+过去时间点/从句、recently、lately、all the time、these days；
语境提示：“动作从过去开始，持续到现在仍在进行”“刚结束的持续动作”“反复发生
的动作”。
2. 定have/has：根据主语单复数，确定用have 还是has
单数主语（he/she/it/单数名词）→ has；
复数主语（we/you/they/复数名词/不可数名词）→ have。
3. 变现在分词：根据动词变形规则，正确写出现在分词（重点规避e 结尾、重读闭音节的
变形错误）。
4. 看句式：
否定句：have/has + not + been + 现在分词；
一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？
七、高频考点答题模板
模板1：动作持续到现在（仍在进行）
结构：主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词 + for + 时间段 / since + 过去时间点/从句
例：We have been studying English since we entered high school. / She has been
working for 8 hours.
模板2：动作刚结束（有痕迹/影响）
结构：主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词 + recently/lately + （结果状语）
例：He has been running lately, so he is in good shape. / I have been cleaning the room,
so it’s tidy now.
模板3：动作反复发生（带情感色彩）
结构：主语 + have/has + been + 现在分词 + all the time/often + （语境补充）
例：She has been complaining about the weather all day. / The kid has been asking
questions often recently.
模板4：否定 & 疑问万能公式
否定：主语 + have/has + not + been + 现在分词
例：They haven’t been working recently. / He hasn’t been studying hard lately.
疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？
例：Have you been waiting for me? / Has she been practicing the piano?
八、核心避坑复盘
1. 结构必记：have/has + been + doing，缺一不可，尤其不可漏写been（核心坑）。
2. 动词限制：状态动词（like、have、belong to）、瞬间动词（leave、buy）不可用于现
在完成进行时，状态动词用现在完成时，瞬间动词需转化为延续性动词。
3. 时态辨析：强调“过程”用现在完成进行时，强调“结果/完成”用现在完成时；强调
“此时此刻”用现在进行时，强调“过去到现在的持续”用现在完成进行时。
4. 时间搭配：不与具体过去时间（yesterday、last week）连用，搭配for/since、recently
等标志词。
5. 现在分词变形：重点记忆e 结尾、重读闭音节的变形规则，避免写错（如
write→writing，stop→stopping）。
现在完成进行时态核心精练
基础版
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. I ________ (work) on this project for 5 days; I need a break.
2. My sister ________ (practice) the piano since this morning; she hasn’t stopped
yet.
3. He ________ (not, sleep) well lately; he looks tired.
4. ________ you ________ (wait) for me for a long time? — Yes, I have been
waiting for 20 minutes.
5. They ________ (talk) about the problem all afternoon; they still haven’t agreed.
6. The baby ________ (cry) all night; his mother is very tired.
7. She ________ (learn) Chinese since she came to China; she can speak it well now.
8. We ________ (not, watch) TV these days; we are busy with our exams.
9. The wind ________ (blow) strongly all day; the trees are shaking.
10. He ________ (always, ask) me for help; I’m a little tired of it.
进阶版
一、单句语法填空
1. The students ________ (prepare) for the exam for 2 weeks; they will take it
tomorrow.
2. My father ________ (not, smoke) lately; he wants to keep healthy.
3. When I saw her, she ________ (cry) because she ________ (argue) with her friend
all morning.
4. He ________ (work) in this factory since 2018; he knows every part of the
machine.
5. ________ your brother ________ (play) computer games all day? — No, he
stopped an hour ago.
6. The weather ________ (get) worse recently; it has been raining every day.
7. She ________ (not, eat) well these days; she has lost some weight.
8. We ________ (look) for the missing dog since yesterday; we haven’t found it yet.
9. He ________ (always, forget) his keys; his mother is angry with him.
10. The workers ________ (build) the bridge for 6 months; it will be finished next
month.
二、语法填空
阅读短文，用括号内动词的适当形式填空
It is 4 o’clock in the afternoon. The students in our class 1________ (be) very busy
recently. They 2________ (prepare) for the school sports meeting for a month. Some
students 3________ (practice) running on the playground since last week. They
4________ (run) every afternoon, and they 5________ (get) faster and faster. Our
monitor 6________ (organize) the activities all these days; he 7________ (not, have) a
good rest. Look! He 8________ (talk) with the teacher about the meeting plan. Some
girls 9________ (decorate) the poster for the meeting since this morning. They
10________ (finish) half of the work so far. A few boys 11________ (help) them with
the poster; they 12________ (work) together for 2 hours. Everyone 13________ (be)
tired, but no one 14________ (stop) working. They 15________ (work) hard recently,
and they believe they will win the first prize in the sports meeting.
现在完成进行时态过关达标练习
一、 单句语法填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She ________ (teach) in this school for 10 years; she is a popular teacher.
2. We ________ (not, see) each other lately; I miss her very much.
3. The rain ________ (fall) for 3 hours; the ground is all wet.
4. He ________ (study) hard since he failed the exam; he wants to pass next time.
5. ________ you ________ (look) for your pen all morning? — Yes, but I still can’t
find it.
6. They ________ (argue) about the plan all day; they haven’ t reached an
agreement.
7. My mother ________ (cook) in the kitchen since 11 o’clock; lunch will be ready
soon.
8. The dog ________ (bark) all night; the neighbors are very angry.
9. He ________ (not, drink) coffee lately; he thinks it’s bad for his health.
10. We ________ (travel) around the country for a month; we have visited many
cities.
二、语法填空
阅读短文，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
Every day this year, our teacher 1________ (encourage) us to read more books. So
far, we 2________ (read) a lot of books. Some students 3________ (read) storybooks
since last month; others 4________ (read) science books for 2 weeks. Our teacher
5________ (check) our reading notes recently; she 6________ (spend) a lot of time on
it. Look! She 7________ (talk) with a student about his reading note. The student
8________ (not, finish) his note yet, because he 9________ (play) basketball all
afternoon. He 10________ (promise) to finish it tomorrow. At the moment, most
students 11________ (read) in the classroom. They 12________ (read) quietly for an
hour. No one 13________ (disturb) others. We 14________ (make) great progress in
reading recently, because our teacher 15________ (help) us all the time.
你都答对了吗？恭喜你成功晋级！熟练掌握
英语中的9 种主要时态。下表中标红的是不常
用的7 种时态。
十六种时态结构总表
时态名称
基本结构（以动词do
为例）
典型例句（高考适配）
高考考点提示
一般现在时
do/does（三单）
He plays football every
Sunday.
高频，主将从现、客观
真理
一般过去时
did
She went to the park
yesterday.
高频，明确过去时间、
易错
一般将来时
will do / be going to do
I will visit my
grandparents tomorrow.
高频，四种表达辨析
过去将来时
would do / was/were
going to do
He said he would come.
中频，主从复合句
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
They are playing
basketball now.
高频，特殊表意（抱
怨、渐变）
过去进行时
was/were doing
I was reading at 8 last
night.
高频，while/when 从句
搭配
现在完成时
have/has done
I have lived here for 5
years.
高频重点，for/since、
固定句型
过去完成时
had done
By last year, we had
finished it.
高频难点，过去的过去
现在完成进行
时
have/has been doing
I have been studying for
3 hours.
高频，与现在完成时辨
析
过去将来完成
时
would have done
He said he would have
finished it.
低频，了解基础用法
过去完成进行
时
had been doing
They had been waiting
for an hour.
中频，强调持续过程
将来完成进行
时
will have been doing
I will have been studying
for 4 years.
低频，了解基础用法
过去将来完成
进行时
would have been
doing
He said he would have
been working.
低频，了解基础用法
将来进行时
will be doing
I will be studying at 8
tomorrow.
低频，了解基础用法
过去将来进行
时
would be doing
He said he would be
working then.
低频，了解基础用法
将来完成时
will have done
By 2027, I will have
graduated.
低频，了解基础用法
