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第24讲定语从句(复习讲义)(全国通用)(教师版)_高考一二三轮复习_英语_2026年_2026年高考英语一轮复习讲义+练习+课件(新教材新高考)-G55_2026版_第二部分语法

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 第24 讲  定语从句
目录
01 
考情解码·命题预警
2
02 体系构建·思维可视.................................................................................................................................................3
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚.................................................................................................................................................4
考点一  定语从句的构成及关系代词的用法.....................................................................................................4
知识点1 定语从句概述........................................................................................................................................4
知识点2 关系代词that 与which 的基本用法及易错辨析................................................................................5
知识点3 关系代词who, whom, whose 的用法.................................................................................................7
知识点4 关系代词as 的用法及与which 的用法易错辨析...............................................................................8
思维建模  根据关系词的指代在从句中的功用判断的解题思路
考向1  考查先行词为“人”的定语从句........................................................................................................11
考向2  考查先行词为“事物”的定语从句...................................................................................................12
考点二  关系副词的用法...................................................................................................................................13
知识点1 关系副词when 的用法.......................................................................................................................14
知识点2 关系副词where 的用法......................................................................................................................14
知识点3 关系副词why 的用法.........................................................................................................................15
考向1  考查关系副词when 的用法.................................................................................................................16
考向2  考查关系副词where 的基本用法及特殊用法....................................................................................17
考向3  考查关系副词why 的用法...................................................................................................................18
考点三  介词+关系代词引导的定语从句.........................................................................................................19
知识点1 介词+which//whom 引导的定语从句基本用法................................................................................19
知识点2 介词+which//whom 引导的定语从句特殊用法................................................................................20
思维建模  定语从句中介词选择的解题思路
考向1  考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句.................................................................................................21
考向2  定语从句中的主谓一致现象................................................................................................................22
04 真题溯源 考向感知................................................................................................................................................24
年份
卷别
语法填空
短文改错
考情分析
2025
北京卷
which
分析近年高考真题可知,近年来,高
考对定语从句主要考查以下几点:
1. 考查定语从句关系代词that, which 的用
法区别。
2. 考查定语从句关系代词who, whom, 
whose, as 的用法及区别。
3. 考查定语从句关系副词when, where, 
why 的用法区别。
4.考查定语从句主谓一致的用法。
5. 考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”的用
法,尤其是关系代词which 和whom 的选
择。
6.应用文写作和读后续写学会使用定语从
句能够提高句子表达力,提升文章档次。
【复习目标】
1. 复习并掌握关系代词的用法
 
 
2. 分析并掌握关系副词的用法
 
 
3. 掌握介词
 
 + 关系代词的用法
 
 
4. 掌握定语从句中的重难易错点
2024
新高考II 卷
that/which
全国甲卷
which
浙江卷1 月
that/which
北京卷
who
2023
全国甲卷
as; where
what-which
全国乙卷
that/which
that-whose
2022
新高考I 卷
that
全国甲卷
who
全国乙卷
what-which
浙江卷1 月
that/who
2021
新高考II 卷
that/which
2020
全国I 卷
where
全国II 卷
what-which
全国III 卷
whose
what-that
 
 考点一 定语从句的构成及关系代词的用法 
 
知识点1  定语从句概述
定语从句:在复合句中,修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子,叫定语从句。、定语从句在复合句中相当于
形容词,在句中作定语,故又称为形容词性从句。先行词:指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,通常为名词
(如人、物、地点、时间等),也可以是整个主句的内容。
位置:定语从句常置于被修饰词之后;as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中,也可置于主句之
后。
类别:定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部
分,去掉后句意不完整,无逗号。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切,是一种补充说明,删除后不影
响整个意思的表达,一般用逗号分开。
分割型定语从句:指先行词与定语从句之间被其他成分(如谓语动词、介词短语等)隔开的结构。这种分
隔是为了避免句子头重脚轻原则(将较长成分置于句尾)。
The days (are gone)when we had to rely on manual labor.
He is the only person (in the company)who can solve this problem.
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切,删除后影响整个意思的表
达,不用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词,不修
饰句子。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please.
请支持这个计划的人举手。
【2024 年全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas is one of five 
government-sponsored medical trains that travel to 
remote towns in central and eastern Russia.
 圣卢卡斯列车是由政府资助的五列前往俄罗斯中
部和东部偏远城镇的医疗列车之一。
与先行词关系不密切,是一种补充说明,删除后不影
响整个意思的表达,一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代
词that,关系代词不可省略,既可修饰名词或代词,
也可修饰句子,用逗号分开。
【2025 年新高考I 卷】But things were different for 
their first essay, which was about the question;
但他们的第一篇文章是关于一个问题的,情况有所不
同:
关系词:引导定语从句,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语,同时替代先行词。根据其用法分为关
系代词和关系副词。
关系词
分类
先行词
在从句中的功能
关系代词
who
人
主语、宾语
whom
人
宾语
which
物
主语
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
whose
人或物
定语
as
主句
主语、宾语
关系副词
when
时间名词
时间状语
where
地点名词
地点状语
why
原因名词
原因状语
知识点2  关系代词that 与which 的基本用法及易错辨析
使用关系代词that 的情况
1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none 等不定代词时。
例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me.你给我的所有书我都已经读过了
例3. I've done everything that I can to help you. 我已尽我所能帮助你。
2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
例2. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
例3. This is the first book that I bought with my own money.这是我用自己钱买的第一本书
例4. She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.她是我见过最美的女孩。
3.先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。
例1. He is the only person that can solve this problem. 他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。
例2.This is the very house that I grew up in. 这正是我长大的房子。
4.先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。
例1.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
5.主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。
例1. Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的人是谁? 
例2.Which is the book that you want? 哪本是你想要的书?
7.当先行词是the way 在句中作方式状语时,后面用that 或者in which 或者省略that。
例1.The way in which he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。
例2.The way (that) he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。
【易错提醒1】关系代词that 作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略。
例1.The book that is on the table is mine.桌子上的那本书是我的。
例2.The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。
【易错提醒2】that 不能用于非限制性定语从句,前边有逗号为标志。
例1.He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了,这次这让他的老师非常生气。
例2. I’m writing to express that my predilection goes to “Guess who I am”, which capitalizes on an object clause 
to signal its potential contents.【2025 年新高考I 卷】 
我写这封信是为了表达我对“猜猜我是谁”的偏爱,它利用宾语从句来暗示其潜在的内容。
使用关系代词which 的情况
1.引导限定性定语从句(不用逗号分隔),先行词指物,对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。有时可与that 互
换。
例1.You should select the option which/that best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项
例2.Library where it is stored. It is not only one example of ancient works of art which/that tell the wisdom of our 
ancestors, but also is a witness to the pursuit of beauty by Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
它不仅是古代艺术作品的典范,更是中华民族千百年来对美的追求的见证。
2.引导非限定性定语从句(用逗号和主句分隔),先行词可以是一个名词,也可以指代前面整个主句的内
容。
例1.The book, which I read last night, is extremely captivating. 我昨晚读的那本书特别吸引人。
例2.She resigned from her job, which was quite unexpected. 她辞去了工作,这十分出人意料。
例3. Our football team won the final, which made us excited.我们的足球队赢得了决赛,这使我们非常兴
奋。
3.用于“介词 + which”结构,这种结构较为正式,常见于书面语中。
例1.The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南
部。
【易错提醒1】空格前有逗号,并不一定就用关系代词which, 也可能用关系代词whom(先行词指人)或
关系副词。
例1. This café, where we often have meetings, offers free Wi - Fi.
这家咖啡馆,我们经常在那里开会,提供免费的无线网络。
例2. Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, is a well - known entrepreneur.
埃隆
马斯克创立了太空探索技术公司,他是一位著名的企业家。
・
知识点3  关系代词who,whom, whose 的基本用法
一、who、whom 的用法
1. who 用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语,先行词指人,可以与that 替换。注意Anyone who…以及
Those who…句型。
例1. I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom I met in the English speech 
contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。
例2. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 那些想去长城的人可以在这里报名。
例3. Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。
2. whom 用作关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,先行词指人,可以与that 替换。作宾语,可以省略。
whom 可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构,who 不能。
例4. In our class there are 38 students, of whom half wear glasses.我们班有38 个学生,其中有一半戴
眼镜。
例5. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.
你刚才和他说话的那个人是德普先生。
例6. The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
这个老人有两个儿子,他们都是律师。
二、whose 的用法
1.  whose 既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作定语。
例1. Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗?
例2. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中,whose 修饰物时,“whose+名词”可用“the+名词+of which”或“of which
+the+名词”来代替。
例1. I'd like a room whose
 
   window
 
   looks
 
   out
    over
 
   the
    sea
  . 。
→I'd like a room, the
    window
 
   of
    which
 
   looks
 
   out
    over
 
   the
    sea
  .
→I'd like a room, of
   which
 
  the
   window
 
  looks
 
  out
   over
   the
   sea
  .
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间
例2.The newly-built café,the walls of which (=whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place 
for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆,墙被刷成了浅绿色,对我们来说,真是一个安静的地方,特别是在辛苦工作后。
知识点4  关系代词as 的用法及与which 的用法易错辨析
1. as 引导限制性定语从句的用法
as 用作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句,表示“正如、就像”,从句中多含有see, know, expect, tell, 
report 等动词。as 作从句的主语、宾语或表语,as 不可省略,用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…
句型。
Don’t trust such people as praise you to your face.不要相信当面表扬你的这种人。
They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。
【易错提醒1】the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”;the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。(不是同一本词典)
He is the same boy that helped me yesterday.  他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。(指同一个男孩)
【易错提醒2】so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句,that 只起连接作用不作句子成分。
She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的,前面的that 只起引导作用,不作成分。)
She is such a kind girl as many students like.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语,前面的as 代替先行词girl,作宾语。)
2. which 引导代指主句的用法
which 从句只能位于主句之后,当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时,只能用which。
1. 位置对比:
例1. As is often the case, he is late again.
他又迟到了,这是常见的情况。
例2. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.
众所周知,爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
例3. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved in the past two months.
正如报告中所表明的,城市空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到改善。
例4. He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格,这是意料之外的。
3.意义对比:as 常译作“正如,像”,多用于下列习惯用语中:
as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那样”;
as is well known=as is known to all “众所周知”;
as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”; 
as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”;
as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”;
as has been said before “如上所述”;
as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”; 
which 常译作“这一点,这件事”,此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。
He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
不出所料,他反对这个意见。
Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆进步很大,这使他父母很高兴。
3. 否定句对比
例. He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all.
他公开批评Mary,对此她一点儿都不愿意。
得分速记 
1.确定是定语从句
设空处无提示词,且空前的主句完整;空后的句子不完整,且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用,就要考
虑填定语从句关系词。
2. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
① 先行词的后面出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句。
② that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③  which 引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或部分内容;代表整个主句时,which 意为“这一
点”。
④ as 引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句中或句首,意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, 
be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case 等。
3.寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间,地点,还是原因)。
① 先行词指人:that/who/whom/whose;
② 先行词指物:that/which/whose;
③ 表示时间/地点/原因:when/where/why。
4. 判断定语从句所缺成分,根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意,确定关系词。
① 缺少主语:that/which/who;
② 缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;
③ 缺少定语:whose;
④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
思维建模  根据关系词的指代及在从句中的功用判断的解题思路
考向1   考查先行词为“人”的定语从句
例1 (2025·江苏盐城模拟试题)Utzon,        resigned midway, never saw his design    completed.
【答案】who 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:Utzon 中途辞职,从未看到他的设计完成。空处需用关系词引导非限制性
定语从句,从句中缺少主语,指代人“Utzon”,需用关系代词who。故填who。
例2 (2025·安徽阜阳·期中)Lu Fuquan, their team leader and instructor from Peking University, has been a 
cycling enthusiast for many years,          is also fond of Beijing’s historical and cultural heritage.
【答案】who 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:来自北京大学的领队兼教练卢福泉多年来一直是自行车爱好者,他也喜欢
北京的历史文化遗产。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Lu Fuquan,指人,且从句中缺少主语,所
以用who 引导。故填who。
【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·广东·阶段练习)In the tourist city of Strasbourg, France, various street 
核对
答案
对照    
检验  
1. 解题时,要仔细分析句子成分,关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、
表语或定语时考虑关系代词;作状语时考虑关系副词。
2. 先行词是地点名词,关系词不一定用where;先行词是时间名词,关
系词不一定用when;先行词是原因名词,关系词不一定用why;要仔细
分析句子成分,原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词;原句
缺少主语或 宾语才能用关系代词。
信息
提取  
确定
从句
performers can be found, among          is Zhao Yang, a Chinese student studying film at the University of 
Strasbourg. She plays the pipa with great elegance. 
【答案】whom 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在法国旅游城市斯特拉斯堡,可以找到各种各样的街头表演者,其中包括
在斯特拉斯堡大学学习电影的中国学生赵洋。她弹琵琶非常优雅。为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定
语从句,修饰先行词performers,作介词的宾语,指人,故填whom。
【变式训练2·变情景】(2025·安徽·二模)Qi Baishi (1864 — 1957) was one of the most popular contemporary 
Chinese painters        were not influenced by Western styles like other painters during his era. 
【答案】who/that 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:齐白石(1864 年—1957 年)是当时最受欢迎的中国画家之一,与他那个
时代的其他画家不同,他没有受到西方绘画风格的影响。空处引导定语从句,先行词painters,指人,且在
从句中作主语,因此用关系代词who 或that 引导。故填who/that。
考向2   考查先行词为“事物”的定语从句
例1 (2025· 重庆北碚· 阶段试题) He said, “In China, opera is an art requiring lifelong devotion,   
 
performing effect largely depends on the actors’ inner strength and excellent acting skills.”
【答案】 whose 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他说:“在中国,戏曲是一门需要投入毕生精力的艺术,其表演效果在很
大程度上取决于演员的内在力量和精湛的表演技巧。” 空处为定语从句的关系词;先行词“opera”和空后
“performing effect”之间为所有形式,用关系代词whose 引导。故填whose。
例2 (2025·江西南昌·模拟预测)A team of archaelogists reported finding an earthenware bowl______   
contained 4,000-year-old noodles at the Lajia archaeological site. 
【答案】that/which 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:考古学家报告称在喇家遗址发现了一只陶碗,里面装有4000 年前的面
条。本空引导限制性定语从句,先行词为an earthenware bowl,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主
语,应用that/which 引导。故填that/which。
【变式训练1·变载体】(2025·山东济宁·一模)The Taklimakan Desert, infamous as the “Sea of Death”, has 
now been fully encircled by the longest sand-blocking green ecological barrier,    351    length reaches an 
impressive 3, 046 kilometers, marking the completion of over 40 years of efforts to contain the desert expansion 
within a safety zone. 
【答案】whose 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:塔克拉玛干沙漠,因其“死亡之海”而声名狼藉,如今已被最长的防沙绿
色生态屏障完全环绕,其长度达到了令人惊叹的3046 公里,标志着40 多年来将沙漠扩张控制在安全区域
内的努力得以完成。分析句子可知,这里考查非限制性定语从句,先行词为the longest sand-blocking green 
ecological barrier,在从句中作定语,所以应用关系代词whose 引导。故填whose。
【变式训练2·变情景】(2025·湖南·模拟)The highest tier (层) has more than 1,100 levels, winding from the 
foot of the mountain to the top, creating a magnificent landscape        resembles a staircase to the clouds. The 
largest terrace is no more than an acre in size, while the smallest only accommodates a handful of rice seedlings 
(秧苗).
【答案】 which/that 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:同上。此处引导定语从句,先行词为a magnificent landscape,指物,定语
从句中缺少主语,故应用which/that 引导,故填which/that。
  
  考点二  关系副词的用法  
  
知识点1  关系副词when 的用法
1. when 用作关系副词,在定语从句作时间状语。
2. 先行词是具体时间名词,如day, month, year。
3. 还可以是抽象名词,如age, stay, occasion 等。
 常用表时间的介词( 如:in, on, at, during
等) +which 代替关系副词when
易错提醒:1.  当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时,关系词不用
 
 when
 
 而用
 
  that
 
  或
  which
 
 。
  
2  .   先行词是
 
 time
 
 时,若
 
  time
 
  作“次数”讲,应用关系代词
 
 that
 
 引导定语从句,
 
 that
 
 可省略;若
 
  time
 
  作“一
 
 
段时间,时代”讲,应用关系副词
 
 when
 
  或“介词
 
 at/during
 
 +
  which”
 
 引导定语从句。
 
 
例1. This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.
这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
例2. There was a time when I hated going to school.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
例3. I'll never forget the day when my son was born.
我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。
例4. The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.(先行词reason 在从句中作宾语)
他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。
例5. There are occasions when one must yield. (先行词occasions 是典型时间名词)
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
例6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时候天气可能会更好。
知识点2  关系副词where 的基本用法及特殊用法
1. where 用于修饰地点名词如place, park, factory, house 等。在从句中作地点状语,相当于介词
+which。
例1. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a 
highway.【2025 年新高考II 卷】
这种形状创造了一个完美的市场,货物可以利用河流作为高速公路进行运输和接收。
例2. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。
2. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point, situation, case, stage, family 等时,如果引导
词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where 引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。
例1.Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动,在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
例2.Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
例3.She's in a hopeless situation,where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中,在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
3. 先行词occasion 当“时刻”讲时,用关系副词when;当“场合”讲时,用关系副词where。
例1.Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
例2.Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
知识点3  关系副词why 的用法
1. why 在从句中作原因状语,相当于for which, 但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,定语从句要用that
或which 引导。
例1. Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late again?
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗?
例2. The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
例3. I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 
我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
2. why 还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。
例4. The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. (关系词在从句中作宾
语)
他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
考向1  考查关系副词when 的用法
例1 (2025·重庆万州·期中)In the 1950s,        China embarked on the ambitious and challenging journey 
of developing nuclear submarines, Huang Xuhua with his team stepped up fearlessly. 
【答案】when 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在20 世纪50 年代,中国开始踏上发展核潜艇这一雄心勃勃且充满挑战的
征程时,黄旭华和他的团队毫不畏惧地迎难而上。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句,从句中不缺主
语和宾语,先行词the 1950s 指的是时间,所以此处使用关系副词when。故填when。
例2There was a time          people used letters to keep in touch instead of phones. 
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:曾经有一段时间,人们用信件而不是电话保持联系。先行词是a time,在
定语从句people used letters to keep in touch instead of phones 中作时间状语,即“在那个时候人们用信件而
不是电话保持联系”,所以用关系副词when 引导定语从句。故填when。
【变式训练1·变情景】The heart-warming story began last September          a woman asked the primary 
school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son. 
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这个暖心的故事始于去年九月,当时一位女士请求她所在社区的小学接受
她六岁的儿子。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词last September,且在从句中作时间状语,所以空处需用关
系副词when 引导定语从句。故填when。
【变式训练2·变载体】There are occasions          you need to keep silent rather than argue. 
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:有些场合你需要保持沉默而不是争论。本空引导限制性定语从句,先行词
是occasions,关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when 引导。故填when。
考向2  考查关系副词where 的基本用法及特殊用法
例1 (24-25·重庆·阶段练习)“These aren’t just shopping spaces; they’re social spots______     people 
naturally connect over running,” says another industry insider based in Stockholm.
【答案】where 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:“这些不仅仅是购物空间;它们是人们自然而然地通过跑步建立联系的社
交场所,”另一位总部位于斯德哥尔摩的行业内部人士表示。空处引导定语从句,先行词spots,在定语从
句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
例2 (24-25 高三下·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习)The most unforgettable part is the final battle,______   
characters use amazing weapons like the Tianyuan Ding, a powerful and magic weapon.
【答案】where 
【导语】考查定语从句。句意:最令人难忘的部分是最后的战斗,角色们使用了神奇的武器,比如天元
鼎,一种强大而神奇的武器。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词battle 在从句中作地点状语,用
关系副词where 引导,故填where。
【变式训练1·变情景】Have you ever had a case           the opinion you had stuck to turned out to be 
wrong?
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:你有没有过这样的情况:你一直坚持的观点结果证明是错误的?空
处引导限制性定语从句,“a case”是先行词,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where 引
导定语从句。故填where。
【变式训练2·变载体】Is there a hospital around        I can get some treatment for my wounded hand? 
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:附近有没有医院可以让我受伤的手得到治疗吗?空处引导限制性定语从
句,修饰先行词hospital,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where 引导从句,故填
where。
【变式训练3·变载体】The school has created an atmosphere          we can develop our own interests 
freely, helping us develop ourselves all round. 
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:学校营造了一种氛围,让我们可以自由地发展自己的兴趣,帮助我们全面
发展。空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语,所以空处需用
关系副词where 引导该从句。故填where。
名师点睛:英语中下列名词作先行词,常表示抽象的地点,关系词在定语从句中作状语时,需要用关系副
词
  where
 
 。
  
考向3  考查关系副词why 的基本用法及特殊用法
例1The main reason          he refused the offer was that he wanted to stay with his family. 
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他拒绝这个提议的主要原因是他想和家人待在一起。本空引导限制性定语
从句,先行词是the main reason,关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词why 引导。故填
why。
例2 The reason             he could not go to that famous university was that his grades was too low. 
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他没能进入那所著名大学的原因是他的成绩太差了。空处引导定语从句,
修饰先行词reason,在从句作原因状语,需用关系副词why 引导。故填why。
【变式训练1·变载体】The reason              I’d like to take part in the competition of the Tang poetry 
recitation is that I want to learn more about Tang poems. 
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我想参加唐诗朗诵比赛的原因是我想更多地了解唐诗。空处引导定语从句
“  I’d like to take part in the competition of the Tang poetry recitation”,先行词为The reason,在定语从句中
作原因状语,需用关系副词why 引导。故填why。
【变式训练2·变载体】Rankings, however, are only one reason          a low value is placed on teaching in 
higher education. 
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意: 然而,排名只是高等教育对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。设空处引导定
语从句, 修饰先行词reason,引导词在从句中作原因状语, 应用关系副词why。故填why。
  
  考点三  介词+关系代词引导的定语从句  
  
知识点1  介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句基本用法
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和whom。如果先行词是物,引导词用which;如果先行词是人,
则引导词用whom。如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时,这个介词一般不前置。
例1. My youngest brother,whom I have to look after,is demanding.
我得照看我最小的弟弟,他真是让人费神。
例1. This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
例2. This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
知识点2  介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句的特殊用法
一、 “名词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none+of+which/whom”等。
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿,其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子,没有一个是当医生的。
二、  “介词+which/whom+不定式”
The poor man has no house in which to live.
→The poor man has no house to live in.
→The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
得分速记 
1. 看先行词搭配确定关系代词前面的介词
例1.I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
例2.Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要,没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)
2. 看从句短语搭配确定关系代词前面的介词
例1.
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
例2.
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方,杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for)
3. 看语境逻辑确定关系代词前面的介词
例1.He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵大树。
  例2. There was not a single person to whom he could turned for help.
街上没有一个他可以求助的人。
思维建模  定语从句中介词选择的解题思路
考向1  考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
例1 (2025 届浙江省杭州市高三上学期一模英语试题) “Our candidacy for UNESCO     was supported 
by China, for          we are so grateful,” says Salles.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们竞选联合国教科文组织成员得到了中国的支持,对此我们深表感谢。
这里考查“介词+关系代词”构成的非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面句子,所以这里应用关系代词
which。故填which。
例2.(2025 高三上·湖北·阶段练习)Besides scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures 
from the space station, during        they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students 
watching the class on Earth.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了科学任务,宇航员还在空间站上进行了两次现场科学讲座,期间他们
进行了各种实验,并回答了在地球上观看课堂的学生的问题。根据句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语
从句,先行词lectures,从句中作介词during 的宾语,用关系代词which。故填which。
【变式训练1·变载体】Do you know the reason for          she was late for the meeting this morning? 
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:你知道她今天早上开会迟到的原因吗?空处引导定语从句,先行词是
reason,在从句中作介词for 的宾语,所以空处需用关系代词which,构成介词for+which 引导定语从句。
故填which。
【变式训练2·变载体】The boy of        the backpack was left in the classroom is looking for it anxiously. 
【答案】whom
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:那个背包被遗留在教室里的男孩正在焦急地寻找它。分析句子可知,设空
处引导定语从句,先行词是“the boy”,指人,且关系代词在从句中与“the backpack”构成所属关系,即
核对
答案
对照    
检验  
1. 根据先行词特殊搭配选择适当的介词,如to a degree;
2. 根据从句谓语动词或其它短语搭配,如learn from,speak to 等;
3. 根据语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help 等。
信息
提取  
确定
从句
“the backpack of the boy”(这个男孩的背包),因此需用“whom”来引导定语从句。故填whom。
考向2  考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象
例1 He is one of the boys who __________ always on time
A. is        B. are        C. be        D.was
【答案】-B-
【解析】先行词是“the boys”(复数),关系代词“who”指代“the boys”,在从句中作主语,所以从
句谓语动词要用复数形式“are”。句意:他是那些总是准时的男孩之一。
例2 She is the only one of the students who ____ been to Japan.
A. have      B. has       C. having        D. to have
【答案】B
【解析】关键信息是“the only one of the students”。此时,先行词是“the only one”(单数),而不
是“the students”。关系代词“who”指代“the only one”,所以从句谓语动词要用单数形式“has”。
句意:她是学生中唯一一个去过日本的人。
【变式训练1·变载体】I, who _________ your friend, will try my best to help you.
A. is       B. are       C. am       D. be
【答案】C
【解析】关系代词“who”指代先行词“I”(第一人称单数),因此从句的谓语动词必须与“I”保持一
致,故用“am”。句意:我,作为你的朋友,会尽全力帮助你。
【变式训练2·变载体】The book that _________ (lie) on the desk is mine.
【答案】lies
【解析】先行词是“The book”(单数),关系代词“that”指代这本书,在从句中作主语,所以从句谓
语动词要用第三人称单数形式“lies”。句意:放在桌上的那本书是我的。
得分速记 
1. 先行词作主语,that/which/who 从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
2. 先行词是one of…结构,定语从句谓语用复数;
3. 先行词是the only /very one of…,定语从句谓语用单数。
例1. I, who am your friend, can understand you.
例2. There are many young people who are keen on folk music.
例3. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务,都应受到批评。
例4. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
例5. He is one of the students who have passed the exam.他是通过考试的学生之一。
例6. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.他是班上唯一通过考试的学生。
1.(2025 年新高考I 卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, 
or weiqi in Chinese,           originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览,展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋(中文称
为“围棋”),它起源4000 多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in 
Chinese,指物,且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which 引导。故填which。
2.(2025 年浙江1 月卷)Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing,    63  
she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a 
longer-term rental period.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词clothing,并在
从句中作package 和offer 的宾语,故填which。
3.(2025 年北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons 
of food waste last year,        accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客留下了超
过13 亿吨的食物垃圾,约占2024 年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“1.3 
billion tons of food waste”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which 引导。故填which。
4.(2024 年新课标I 卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the 
plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing ( 追溯) the steps along the Silk 
Route__________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness 
of gardening in England.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:Mark Woodruff 补充说:“这是当代设计的最高成就,在丝绸之路的尽头,
中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场,这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息
地带到英国,定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指
物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which 或that 引导从句。故填which/that。
5. (2024 年全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until 
Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,        became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a 
national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,从句中作
主语,指物,引导非限制性定语从句用which,故填which。
6.(2024 年浙江1 月卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make 
them the most money.
【答案】 that/which。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从
句中缺少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that 或which。故填that/which。
7.(2024 年新课标II 卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu,        is known as 
“the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s 
hometown. 
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的
故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“ Tang 
Xianzu”,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语,表示人,用关系代词who 引导。故填who。
8.(2023 年全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, _________Rachel Carson says in “A 
Fable for Tomorrow”.
【答案】as 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具
有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as 引导。故填as。
9.(2023 年全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color 
looked just perfect.
【答案】 whose 
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:她选的颜色装在一个盒子里,盒子里有一张女人的照片,她的头发颜色看
起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是woman,关系词在从句中作hair 的定语,应用关系代词
whose 引导。故填whose。
10(2021 年天津卷)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from __________we 
can learn without repeating them.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:威廉•哈斯蒂曾经说过,历史会告诉我们过去的错误,我们可以从中学习
避免重复犯错。分析句子可知,past mistakes 为现行词,_________ we can learn without repeating them.为定
语从句,从句中谓语动词can learn 可知,要从过去的错误中学习,learn from“从……中学习”,可知应用
from which 引导定语从句。