查漏知识 专题 02 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(思维导图+高频考点+关键能力+模拟新题+押题预测)
目录
知识点：动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2
【必记核心知识思维导图】冠词核心知识思维导图................................................................................................2
【考情分析】.................................................................................................................................................................2
高频考点1：动词的时态..............................................................................................................................................2
【真题回顾】..................................................................................................................................................................3
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力..................................................................................................................6
高频考点2：动词的被动语态......................................................................................................................................8
【真题回顾】..................................................................................................................................................................8
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力..................................................................................................................9
高频考点3：主谓一致................................................................................................................................................10
【真题回顾】................................................................................................................................................................11
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力................................................................................................................11
【模拟新题】精选模拟新题及时跟踪演练..................................................................................................................11
【 押 题 预 测 】 依 据 高 考 的 命 题 思 想 ， 结 合 冠 词 的 重 点 知 识 ， 深 度 预 测 高 考 试
题........................................................14
知识点一：动词的时态和语态及主谓一致高频考点1、考查动词的时态
一、考查有明确时间状语的时态1.（2025年1月浙江高考）The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits
for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader
societal movement towards shared economies.
2.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in
packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
3.(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m
living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
根据明确的时间状语判断动词的时态
1. 与一般过去时连用的常用时间状语
①yesterday、the day before yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening……
② last Friday、last week、last month、last summer、last year……
③ten minutes ago、five hours ago、two weeks ago、three years ago……
④the other day、just now……
⑤in+过去时间---in 1976、in 2016、in the 19th century……
⑥隐形时间要注意：previously先前的
2.与现在完成时连用的常用时间状语
①before、already、just、never、ever、yet、lately、recently……
②how long、since+过去时间点、for+一段时间……
③in the past five days，over the last few years…
④so far, up to/till now, to date
⑤It is the first time that…; the best/most +名词+that…
3.与一般现在时连用的常用时间状语
now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
3.与一般将来时连用的常用时间状语
next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
4.与进行时连用的常用时间状语
now, at present, at this moment等
5.与过去完成时连用的常用时间状语
by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
二、考查固定句型中的时态
1.（2022·新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Erichanging from the balcony.
2. （2021·浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________
(sell) most of their furniture.
常考动词的时态的相关句式(带★号为常考句式)
①★was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时
②was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时
③★it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时
④★it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时
⑤No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时
⑥Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时
⑦It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时
三、考查利用平行关系解决时态问题
1. （2021·浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________
(sell) most of their furniture.
2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools
aside, and started running, arms out.
常考的平行关系词有：
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither...
nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
四、考查利用语境解决时态问题
1.（2022·浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her
smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
2.（2021·浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
在时间状语、平行关系和常用句式等都不明显的情况下，还可以根据上下文语境暗示做出恰当的时态判
断。常考时态的用法
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。
(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。
(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如
come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。
The party begins at 7 o’clock.
(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world.
2. 现在进行时
(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
(2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。
We are going hiking this Sunday.
(3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，
常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。
He is always getting angry with me.
3. 现在完成时
(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的
状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。
The film has been on for half an hour.
(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film.
4. 现在完成进行时
(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或
影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。
I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon.
(2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephoning him several times this morning.
5. 一般将来时
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。The football game will begin soon.
(2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.
(3)表示临时的决定。
— We don’t have any milk in our fridge.
— I’ll go and buy some.
(4)其他表示将来的结构
① be going to do表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。
Look at the clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
② be＋to do表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。
There is to be an English exam next Monday.
③ be about to do表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。
I am about to go shopping.
注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。
If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you.
6. 过去将来时
表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come to our school.
7. 一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
I bought a new bike last week.
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
He often watched TV at night.
8. 过去进行时
(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He slipped out of the classroom when the teacher was not noticing him.
(2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。
Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her old parents.
9. 过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets.
(2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。
We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain.
No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.
It was the third time he had been out of work that year.
(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希
望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose等。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
高频考点2、考查动词的被动语态
1.(2024·九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity
lately because they are refillable.
2.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud.
3.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still
______________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是
动作的执行者，则用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
1．“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2．牢记常考时态的被动语态结构，一般时态中be done＝get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见
结构，如“用作不及物意义的动词＋副词”。
常考的几种时态的被动语态：(带★号为常考语态)
①★一般现在时：am/is/are done；
②★一般过去时：was/were done；
③一般将来时：will be done；
④过去将来时：would be done；
⑤现在进行时：am/is/are being done；
⑥过去进行时：was/were being done；
⑦★现在完成时：has/have been done；
⑧过去完成时：had been done。
3．牢记含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词＋be done。
被动语态易错考点
（1）不能用被动语态的特殊动词
①系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。②表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，
badly，nicely等副词连用。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
这种布料容易洗。
（2）get构成的表示被动的短语
此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt等。
We get paid every week.我们按周获得薪酬。
（3）主动形式表示被动意义
①在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词；worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意
义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这房子需要修理。
②在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有
nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
The problem is difficult to work out.
这道题很难计算出。
高频考点3、考查主谓一致
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58._________(be)
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to
increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2．(湖南长郡中学模拟)Reading articles and short posts__________(play) an important role in integrating
knowledge and achievements.
3．(漳州市第二次质量检测)What _________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the
heroes of the war years.
“主谓一致”三原则(带★号为重要考点)
项目 主语 谓语动词
不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、
单数
★语法 the number of＋复数可数名词
一致 复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, 与前面主语一致including等连接的主语
意义 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数
一致 “the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数
就近 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；
与邻近主语一致
一致 “here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时
模拟新题
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
1.（2025·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三二模）As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it
is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year
cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history.
2.（2025·河南驻马店月考）The concept (center) on the idea of “new Chinese-style herbs” and the TCM
principle that “food and medicine share the same origin”.
3.（2025·广东联考）Arching across the borders of northern China and southern Mongolia, the remote and rugged
landscapes of the Gobi Desert (capture) the imagination of adventurers, explorers, scientists, and artists
since the age of Marco Polo.
4.（2025·河北联考）Over the decades, it (grow) to become a cultural hub (枢纽) that is central to the
city’s identity.
5.（2025·江苏月考）Deputy Mayor of Waipa District Council, Liz Stolwyk noted that this was the third time that
Waipa people (attend) both exhibitions.
6.（2025·江西南昌联考）Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong (take) the gaming world by
storm, selling more than 10 million copies across all platforms over just the past three days after its release.
7.（2025·湖南长沙统考）In that century and much of the 20th century, the immigrants largely (flow)
from China’s south-east regions, mainly Guangdong province.
8.（2025·江苏南通期中）Throughout centuries of history, the Grand Canal has nurtured abundant towns and
villages along its path. Many an ancient town, preserved through the ages thanks to their close relationship with the
canal, (stand) as the finest witnesses of civilization.
9.（2025·河南统考）Cultural reputation and soaring sorghum costs (see) Moutai prices skyrocket over
the past few years.
10.（2025·江苏扬州模拟测试）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover
here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
11.（2025·安徽省蚌埠市第二次质检）Videos of the electrifying performance soon flooded social media, and
the amazed netizens called the group “the most dedicated dance crew” and 39 (speak) highly of the
perfect combination of cultural heritage and futuristic technology.
12.（2025·安徽省九师联盟模拟预测）A print edition of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), which 41(publish) in 1171, is one such example. Written in the 1st century BC by Sima Qian, it’s a foundation text of
Chinese history.
13.（2025·河北省部分高中综合素质评价）First, few market stalls (摊位) sell fresh fruit, as it 39 (sour)
quickly in the tropical heat, so keeping the fruit fresh has already been energy-consuming. Then, the fruit’s brown
shell has to be painstakingly peeled off to reveal its glistening, milky white flesh.
14.（2025·湖北省部分高中协作体高三一模）Kites, which were invented over 2,000 years ago in China 37
(believe) to be the earliest flying objects created by humans.
15.（2025·辽宁省大连市三校联考高三模拟）Lately, developed by a group of talented Chinese researchers,
DeepSeek, a Chinese-made AI, 36 (burst) into the global spotlight, with the aim of advancing artificial
intelligence technology.
16.（2025·江苏泰州期中）The ancient city walls and historical sites in Nanjing stand as witnesses to the passage
of time. Suzhou, another famous city in Jiangsu, is known for its beautiful classical gardens, which are like jewels
that (craft) carefully over centuries.
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1．Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter (be) used to make this kind of snack.
2．The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms moved in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly
(interrupt) our peaceful morning trip.
3．This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you (earn) and respect those who did
the work, he told me.
4．Not only we forget to turn off the light in the kitchen, but we also failed to lock the front door.
5．Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds (prove) skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.
6．As far as I know, it (be) three years since we were reunited with each other last time.
7．In the past decades, China’s transport (achieve) significantly so that Chinese people have access to
various ways of traveling.
8．I (participate) in a volunteer programme, visiting elderly people in my area for the last three
years.
9．Not only are tea-related customs found across the country, but also they (influence) the
rest of the world since ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.
10．I (intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
11．Even though we (lose) a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future.
12．By the end of he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself.
13．The rising sun (colour) the sky bright red when we climbed onto the top of the mountain.
14．What excites the organizing committee is that the Peony Pavilion (attract) a growing youngaudience since its premiere in Beijing.
15．Jasmine Flower is a popular Chinese song which (date) from the 18th century.
